人教版（2019）选择性必修第四册复习学案 UNIT 4 SHARING

UNIT4SHARING基础默写Ⅰ.核心单词——写其形1.parceln.包裹vt.裹好；打包2.mailn.邮件；邮政vt.邮寄；发电邮给3.secondaryadj.中学的；次要的4.chorusn.合唱曲；合唱团vt.合唱；齐声说5.uniformn.校服；制服adj.一致的；统一的6.rigidadj.死板的；固执的7.shadevt.给……遮挡（光线）；加灯罩n.阴凉处；灯罩；阴影部分8.wrinklevt.&vi.（使脸上）起皱纹；皱起n.皱纹9.housingn.住房；住宅10.platformn.平台；站台；舞台11.dragvt.拖；拽vt.&vi.缓慢而费力地移动12.privilegen.优惠待遇；特权13.resignvi.&vt.辞职；辞去14.latelyadv.最近；近来15.inputn.情况；信息；输入vt.输入Ⅱ.拓展单词——通其变1.dustn.沙土；灰尘vi.&vt.擦灰→dustyadj.布满灰尘的2.rubvt.&vi.擦；摩擦→rubbern.橡皮；黑板擦；橡胶3.chemistryn.化学→chemicaladj.化学的→chemistn.化学家；药剂师；药房4.ripeadj.成熟的；时机成熟的→ripenvt.&vi.（使）成熟5.disablevt.使伤残；使无效→disabledadj.有残疾的；丧失能力的→disabilityn.缺陷；障碍6.deservevt.值得；应得；应受→deservingadj.值得的；应得的7.consultvt.咨询；请教→consultationn.咨询；咨询会→consultantn.顾问8.stableadj.稳定的；牢固的→stabilityn.稳定（性）；稳固（性）→unstableadj.不稳定的Ⅲ.阅读单词——晓其意1.clayn.黏土；陶土2.weedn.杂草；野草vt.&vi.除杂草3.tabletn.平板电脑；便笺本；药片4.bubblevi.起泡；沸腾5.tuben.管子；管状物6.circusn.马戏团7.hutn.简陋的小房子（或棚、舍）8.fireplacen.壁炉9.doorwayn.门口；出入口10.leftoveradj.吃剩的；残留的n.吃剩的食物；遗留物11.handshaken.握手12.plugvt.封堵；补足n.堵塞物；插头；插座13.tunen.曲调；曲子vt.调音；调节；调频道14.contractvt.感染（疾病）；与……订立合同（或契约）n.合同；契约15.criterionn.（pl.criteria）标准；准则；原则Ⅳ.核心短语——明搭配1.nottomention更不用说；且不说2.take...forgranted认为……是理所当然；对……不予重视3.praythat但愿4.upsidedown颠倒，翻转5.achorusof齐声；异口同声Ⅴ.经典句式——会运用1.Thereisnoequipment，andsincethereisn’tevenawashroom，ifIneedwaterIhavetocarryitfrommyhouseinabasin！（since引导的原因状语从句）没有设备，甚至因为没有洗手间，我如果需要水的话，还得从家里用盆带水过来！2.TheotherdayIwasshowingtheboysachemistryexperimentwhen，beforeIknewit，themixturewasbubblingoutofthetesttubespillingeverywhere！（bedoing...when...）前几天，我正在给男孩们演示化学实验，在我反应过来之前，混合物从试管里冒出泡来，溅得到处都是！3.AnotherteacherandIwalkedfortwoandahalfhourstogetthere—first，upamountainfromwherewehadfantasticviews，andthendownashadedpathtothevalleybelow.（fromwhere...）我和另一位老师步行两个半小时才到达那里——首先，爬上一座山，我们从山上欣赏了极美的景色，然后沿着阴凉的小路走到下面的山谷。4.Tombe’sfather，Mukap，amanwithastrongjawandawrinkledforehead，ledustohishouse，alow，roundbamboohutwithnowindows，withadoorjustbigenoughtogetthrough，andwithgrassstickingoutoftheroof—thisshowsitisaman’shouse.（with复合结构）汤贝的父亲莫卡普长着一个结实的下巴，额头布满皱纹。他把我们带到他家，那是一座低矮的圆形竹屋，没有窗户，只有一扇门，刚好够一个人过去。草从屋顶探出来，表明这是一个男人住的房子。5.Now，notonlyareTanzanianshelpedbythehospital，butpeopleinneighbouringcountriesarehelpedaswell.（notonly位于句首引起的倒装）现在，不仅坦桑尼亚人在这家医院得到了帮助，周边国家的人民也得到了帮助。语境自测Ⅰ.单词拼写（用本单元词汇）1.Checkcarefullythename，addressandphonenumberontheparcel（包裹）beforesendingitout.2.Myfatherwasafairlyrigid（固执的）person.Ittookmemuchefforttopersuadehimtolivewithus.3.Wavingtohisfriends，hesteppeddownfromthetrainontotheplatform（平台）.4.Mykneesacheduetotherainyweather.That’swhyIhaven’tbeensleepingwelllately（最近）.5.It’smyprivilegetospeakhereonbehalfofourschool.6.Actually，IdoknowIneedtodragmyselfawayfromtheonlineworldsometimes，especiallybecausereallifecanbejustasinteresting.7.InChina，manysecondaryschoolsrequestthatstudentsshouldwearuniformstoschool.8.Lookingatthewrinklesnexttohiseyes，IsuddenlyrealizedthatDadhadaged.9.Inouryardstandsabigtree.Weusuallyhaveourmealsintheshadeofthetreeatnoon.10.Josephresignedfromthecompany，intendingtosetuphisownbusiness.Ⅱ.用所给单词的适当形式填空1.AterriblediseasedisabledLisa’srighthand.However，thedisabilitydidn’tstopherfromreceivingeducation.Thedisabledgirllearnedtowritewithherlefthandandgotamaster’sdegreeinliteratureat27.（disable）2.ZhangGuimeidevotesherlifetoadeservingcause—providingeducationforgirlsinthemountains.Shefullydeservesourrespect.（deserve）3.Mymotherconsultedanutritionistaboutmygrowthyesterdayafternoon.Aftertheconsultation，mymothergotapersonaldiet.（consult）4.ThefirsttimeIsawtheexperimentofdryice，Idevelopedagreatinterestinchemistry.ImadeupmymindthentobeagreatchemistlikeJohnDaltonwhenIgrewup.（chemical）5.Ourcarwasdrivingalongthedustycountryroad，sendingupcloudsofdustintotheair，whichblockedourview.（dust）Ⅲ.用方框内短语的适当形式完成句子nottomention takeforgrantedupsidedown praythat1.Ipraythatmygrandmotherwillsoonrecoverfromherillness.2.Toenrichourliterature，theschoollibraryhassubscribedtolotsofmagazinesinforeignlanguages，nottomentionthoseinChinese.3.IwasamazedthatvirtuallymanythingsItookforgrantedinmyhometownjustdidn’thappeninLondon.4.Toremovetheplant，turnthepotupsidedownandtapgentlyonthebottomtoloosenit.Ⅳ.句式仿写1.少去快餐店，因为快餐能让你体重快速增加。（since引导的原因状语从句）Visitfastfoodrestaurantslessoften，sincefastfoodmakesyouputonweightquickly.2.上周五我正在操场上散步，这时墙上的一则通知引起了我的注意。（bedoing...when...）LastFriday，Iwaswalkingintheplaygroundwhenanoticeonthewallcaughtmyattention.3.最后，我们到达了山顶，从那里我们可以欣赏到壮丽的景色。（fromwhere...）Finally，wereachedthetopofthemountain，fromwherewecouldenjoysplendidscenery.4.随着时间的推移，越来越多的人开始意识到保护野生动物的重要性。（with复合结构）Withtimegoingby，moreandmorepeoplearebeginningtorealizetheimportanceofprotectingwildlife.5.通过积极参加各种团体活动，你不仅会玩得开心，而且有机会结交有共同兴趣的朋友。（notonly位于句首引起的倒装）Bytakinganactivepartinvariousgroupactivities，notonlywillyouenjoyyourselfbutyoucanalsohavechancestomakefriendswithcommoninterests.Thevillage’sprimaryschoolstandsattheendofthedustyroad.Studentsstudywithoutthingswetakeforgranted，suchaspens，textbooks，nottomentioncottonuniforms.Theonlyteacherisdisabled，withadisabilityinhisleftleg.Despitethedisability，hestandsontheplatformtogivelessonsthewholeday.Atnight，afterdragginghimselfhome，hechecksthehomeworkinhislittlehutshadedbyhightrees.Hardasitis，heneverthinksaboutresigning.Hefeelsitisaprivilegetosendthechildrentosecondaryschoolinthetown.Hepraysthatmorechildrencouldgooutofthemountain.Hefullydeservesrespect.Lately，oneofhisstudents，Joe，camebackasachemist.Joehasdecidedtochangethevillagewitheveryeffort.1shadevt.给……遮挡（光线）；加灯罩；把……涂暗n.阴凉处；灯罩；阴影部分；色度1.结合语境写出下列句子中画线部分的词性及含义①VanGogh’ssunflowerpaintingsareamonghismostfamous，inwhichheuseddifferentshadesofyellow. n.色度②Whenitwastimetohavelunch，wehadapicnicundertheshadeofsometreesandappreciatedthegiftofnature. n.阴凉处③Sheshadedhereyesagainstthesunshine. vt.给……遮挡（光线）2.尽管我努力了，但她的作品使我的作品黯然失色。HardasItried，herworkputmineintheshade.（as引导的让步状语从句）★intheshade（of...）在（……的）阴凉处putsb./sth.intheshade使某人或某物黯然失色/相形见绌2drag（dragged；dragged；dragging）vt.拖；拽vt.&vi.缓慢而费力地移动1.Thenextmorning，hearrivedschoolearly，dragging（drag）hisbagbehindhim.2.当我们拖着身子下山回家时，我的肌肉酸痛，膝盖颤抖。 （读后续写之动作描写）Mymuscleswereachingandmykneesshakingaswedraggedourselvesdownthemountaintowardshome.3.外面太冷了。我总算艰难地从床上爬了起来，仍然睡眼惺忪。Itwassocoldoutside.Imanagedtodragmyselfoutofbed，stillhalfasleep.★dragoneselfdown/to/outof...费力地走下/到/出……drag...outof...把……从……中拖出来3disabledadj.有残疾的；丧失能力的1.[北师必修②－6]Reevebecameapassionateandenergeticadvocateforpeoplewithbackinjuriesanddisabilities（disable），raisingmillionsofdollarsinsupportofmedicalresearch.2.[人教必修③－4]Despitethedifficulties，scientistshopefuturediscoverieswillnotonlyenableustounderstand（understand）howtheuniversebegan，butalsohelpussurvivewellintothefuture.3.Theillnessdisabled（disable）thegirlandleftherunable（able）todanceandwork.4.Thedesignersmadegreateffortstomakesurethatthedisabled（disable）haveaccesstothefacilitiesastherestofus.★disablevt.使残疾，使丧失能力disabilityn.残疾；障碍disabledadj.丧失能力的，有残疾的★ableadj.有能力的；能干的→unableadj.未能，无法→abilityn.能力beabletodosth.能够做某事havetheabilitytodosth.有能力做某事★enablevt.使能够enablesb.todosth.使某人有能力做某事4deservevt.值得；应得；应受1.TheWeasleyfamilydevotemuchtimeandfundstoadeserving（deserve）cause—teachingdeafkidsskillstoearnaliving.2.无论一份工作多么普通，它都值得我们尊重，因为每一份工作都在社会中发挥着作用。Nomatterhowordinaryajobis，itdeservesourrespect，becauseeveryjobplaysapartinthesociety.3.知道你要去中国旅游，我列了一些值得去的景点。 （推介信）→①KnowingthatyouaregoingtotravelinChina，Ihavemadealistofattractionsthat/whichdeservevisiting/tobevisited.（定语从句，visitv.）→②KnowingthatyouaregoingtotravelinChina，Ihavemadealistofattractionsdeservingavisit.（分词短语作定语，visitn.）★deservetodosth.值得/应该做某事deservedoing/deservetobedone值得被做deserveit（口语）活该，自作自受★deservingadj.值得的，值得帮助的5take...forgranted认为……是理所当然；对……不予重视1.我们总是理所当然地认为地球可以为我们提供无穷无尽的自然资源，因此我们过度开发资源。 （保护地球）Wealwaystakeitforgrantedthattheearthcanprovideuswithlimitlessnaturalresources，soweover-exploittheresources.（it作形式宾语）2.没人认真对待我的投诉，真让我恼火。 （投诉信）Itreallyannoyedmethatnoonetookmycomplaintseriously.（it作形式主语）3.不要把父母为你做的事情当作理所当然。Don’ttakeforgrantedwhatyourparentsdoforyou.★takeitforgrantedthat...，其中it作形式宾语，真正的宾语是后面that引导的从句。★takesth.seriously认真对待某事takeiteasy别着急；放轻松take...forexample拿……举例6"介词＋关系副词"引导的定语从句1.Thechildhidbehindthedoor，fromwherehestaredattheguestsinsideandout.2.IgraduatedfromtheBeijingNormalUniversityin2012，sincewhenIhaveworkedasateacherinmyhometown.★fromwhere常用于引导非限制性定语从句，在意义上相当于andfromhere/there。★"介词＋关系词"引导定语从句，一般用关系代词而不用关系副词，比较特殊的有fromwhere和sincewhen。Ⅰ.语法填空——词形转换、固定搭配、易错动词变形1.[2020新高考Ⅱ]Clutching（抓牢）thebabytohischestanddragging（drag）theboyalongside，Grantrandownthehallway.2.[2020北京]Sowejusttakeitforgrantedthatheneedsnosupervision（指导）formanaginghisstuff.3.[2020天津]It’sbeenyearssincetheyweredusty（dust）littleroomswithbooks.4.[北京高考]"Ijustlovedriving，andIlovethesekids，"Wilsonsaid."It’ssuchaprivilegetobe（be）apartofthesekids’lives，evenjustforafewhours，gettingtoknowthemandhearingtheirstories."5.[天津高考]Ihadalearningdisability（disable）fromanearlyage.IwenttoaspecialschoolwhereIgotplentyofextrahelp.Ⅱ.阅读理解——一词多义、熟词生义1.A.阴凉处 B.色度C.一点，略微①[2021全国Ⅲ]Hepassedmilkywhitewaterfallsandmountainsinmanyshadesofblue. B②[2020天津]BeforeVinniecouldsayyes，thePresidenthurriedon，ashadeofapologyinhisvoice. C③[全国Ⅰ]Therewasnoshadeasthetreeswerenomorethan3feettall.A2.A.站台 B.平台 C.讲台①[2021全国甲]Eachyear，thehighstandardofentrieshasshownthattheAwardsaretheperfectplatformtoshowcasetheverybestphotographyoftheBritishlandscape.B②[2020全国Ⅰ]Manystationshavewheelchairaccessfromthecarparkorentrancetothestationplatforms. A③[广东高考]Sallywalkedontotheplatform，pickedupapieceofchalkandwroteontheblackboard："Rule1：Wearefamily！"C3.[2023全国乙]Ifyouwanttotellthehistoryofthewholeworld，ahistorythatdoesnotprivilegeonepartofhumanity，youcannotdoitthroughtextsalone，becauseonlysomeoftheworldhaseverhadtexts，whilemostoftheworld，formostofthetime，hasnot.v.特别优待4.[2020江苏]Youcanbetheonewhodirectstheconversationtofuntopicsthatareripeforotherstoaddhumor. adj.适宜的5.[天津高考]Hisparentsalwayshadhimweedingthegarden，carryingoutthegarbageanddeliveringnewspapers. v.除杂草Ⅲ.写作——基础写作、读后续写写作一基础写作——图书分享活动B是一个面向全球的图书分享网站。该网站组织的分享活动有两种参与方式：一是自由分享（wildrelease），即把书放在指定地点，由其他参与者自由获取；二是定向分享（controlledrelease），即直接传递给另一位参与者。假设你是李华，请用英文写信申请参加。内容应包括：·表明写信目的·选择一种分享方式·简述做出该选择的理由·希望了解更多信息◎写作要点1.最近，我碰巧了解到你们分享图书的活动。（lately）Lately，Ihappenedtolearnaboutyouractivityofsharingbooks.2.这个活动提供了连接世界各地读者的平台。（platform）Thisactivityoffersaplatformtoconnectreadersfromdifferentpartsoftheworld.3.我从中学起就喜欢读书，并想要与有共同爱好的人分享图书。（secondary）Ihavebeenfondofreadingsincesecondaryschool，andIfeellikesharingbookswithpeoplewhohavethesameinterest.4.我希望能有幸加入你们。（privilege）Ihopetohavetheprivilegetojoinyou.◎连句成篇请运用恰当的连接词将以上写作要点串联成一篇语意连贯的短文。DearSirorMadam，Lately，Ihappenedtolearnaboutyouractivityofsharingbooks，whichoffersaplatformtoconnectreadersfromdifferentpartsoftheworld.Iamwritingtoapplytoparticipate.Ihavebeenfondofreadingsincesecondaryschool，andIfeellikesharingbookswithpeoplewhohavethesameinterest，soIhopetohavetheprivilegetojoinyou.Ofthetwowaystosharebooks—wildreleaseandcontrolledrelease—thelatterwinsmyfavour.Bymeansofcontrolledrelease，Icannotonlysharebookswithotherparticipants，butalsoexchangeideaswiththem.Ifyoucouldprovidemorespecificinformationforme，Iwouldbeverygrateful.Lookingforwardtoyourreply.Yours，LiHua写作二读后续写——动作描写之各种"速度"积累背诵仿写运用单词slowly，quickly，fast，soon，swiftly，immediately/instantly/directly；quicken，slow根据左栏素材完成下列各句1.约瑟夫正在弹奏最后一节，这时一个中年男子放慢了脚步，往帽子里放了50美元。Josephwasplayinghislastchapterwhenamiddle-agedmansloweddownhispaceandput50dollarsintothehat.2.刹那间，他成功地接住了掉落的玻璃杯，没让它掉在地上。Inaflash，hemanagedtocatchthefallingglassbeforeithittheground.3.脸上带着失望的神情，莱诺的妈妈严厉地对他说："立刻关掉电视去写作业。"Withadisappointedexpressiononherface，Leno’smothersaidsternlytohim，"TurnofftheTVimmediately/atonce/rightawayanddoyourhomework."4.走出家门后，我松了一口气，以最快的速度向汽车站跑去。AfterIgotoutofthehouse，Ibreathedasighofreliefandrantowardthebusstopattopspeed.5.我竭尽全力加快速度，但突然摔倒在地上。Igatheredupmystrengthtospeedup/pickupspeedbutsuddenlyfelltotheground.词组1.speedup/pickupspeed加快速度2.slowdown/reducespeed慢下来，减速3.rightaway/atonce/innotime/inaninstant立刻，马上4.athigh/low/full/topspeed以高/低/全/最高速5.inaflash转瞬间，立即6.likethewind一阵风似的，飞快地佳句1.Theathleteswiftlycrossedthefinishline，breakingthepreviousrecord.那名运动员迅速冲过终点线，打破了之前的纪录。2.Thealarmwentoff，andthefirefightersimmediatelyrushedtothescene.警报器响了，消防员立即冲向现场。3.Suddenly，Johnsloweddownandsatontothegroundwithasharppain.Onspottinghispainfullook，Iranuptohimasfastasaboltoflightning.突然，约翰放慢了速度，坐在地上，感到一阵剧痛。一看到他痛苦的表情，我像闪电一样飞快跑向他。一、阅读理解A[志愿服务/2023江苏苏北七市二模]WhenshefirstcametoBritainasarefugee（难民）fromNigeriasixyearsago，Kemihadathree-month-olddaughter，aroominasharedhouseand￡5.39tosurviveoneachday.Findingmoneyfornewclotheswasoutofthequestion.Afterfouryears，Kemiwasgrantedrefugeestatusandsecuredherfirstjobinterview—unsurprisingly，shehadnothingtowear.However，shewasreferredtoasmallsocialenterprisecalledGiveYourBest，whichaskedherhersizeandwhatkindofclothessheliked."Andtheygavemethreebeautifulshirts.Thoseclotheswerelikegoldtome.TheyaskedmewhatIactuallywanted.Thatmakesyoufeelvalued."TheinitiativewaslaunchedbySolEscobar，whohadspentseveralyearsvolunteeringatrefugeecampsinnorthernFrance.Afriendputherincontactwithahouseholdofrefugeewomenwhocouldn’taccessanyclothing.Escobarrealisedshehadsurplus（剩余）clothesshecoulddonate，andappealedtoherfriendsandnetworksforhelp.Shewasfloodedwithoffers，butdidn’twanttooverloadthewomenwithpotentiallyimproperclothing."SoIthought，ifItakephotosofalloftheseitemsandputthemonanInstagrampage，theycanallchoosethethingsthattheyactuallywant."Eighteenmonthslater，GiveYourBesthasprocessedalmost11，000itemsofclothing，andhasmorethan800refugeewomenapprovedto"shop"forfreeonitsvirtualshopfront.Itisaimingformuchmore，however.HavingreachedtheverylimitofdonationsandrequestsitcouldhandlethroughInstagram，theenterprisehasjustlaunchedanewdigitalplatformthatwillallowittohugelyupscale.Likethehugelysuccessfulclothingresaleapp，clothesarephotographedanduploadedtoGiveYourBest，wherecustomersselectthosetheylikeanddonorsthenposttheitem.Crucially，however，nomoneychangeshands.Aswellasgivingchoicetoitsusersandminimisingfashionwaste，Escobarsaysoneconsequencehasbeenthesmallbutintimate（亲密的）connectionsestablishedbetweendonorandshopper.Manydonorschoosetoincludeasupportivenoteandasmallgift—hugelywelcomedbyrecipients（接受者），butalsoareminderthat"ontheothersideofyourpackage，there’sawomanwhoisyoursizeandhasyourfashionsense，becauseshe’sshoppingfromyourwardrobe（衣橱）".本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了SolEscobar创立的企业GiveYourBest为难民提供免费的衣服，并在捐赠者和难民之间建立了亲密的人际关系。1.What’sthepurposeoftheenterprise？A.Toofferjobtrainingtorefugees.B.Toprovidechildcareforrefugees.C.Togiverefugeesdignityofchoice.D.Tostrengthenrefugees’socialposition.解析C推理判断题。由第二段内容可知，GiveYourBest让像Kemi一样的难民可以根据自己的尺码和喜好选择衣服，这种做法给予了难民选择的尊严，故选C项。2.Whatdoesparagraph3focuson？A.Howtheenterprisesurvived.B.Howtheenterpriseadvertised.C.Howtheenterprisewasnamed.D.Howtheenterprisewasinitiated.解析D段落大意题。通读第三段可知，本段主要讲是的企业GiveYourBest是如何创立的，故选D项。3.Whatdowelearnabouttheenterprisefromthetext？A.Itiswarmlyreceived.B.Itisdifficulttooperate.C.Itmakeshugeprofits.D.Itneedstobemorecreative.解析A推理判断题。由第四段中的"Eighteenmonthslater，GiveYourBesthasprocessedalmost11，000itemsofclothing，andhasmorethan800refugeewomenapprovedto‘shop’forfreeonitsvirtualshopfront"可推知，企业GiveYourBest深受欢迎，故选A项。4.Whatdoestheenterprisebringtoitsdonorsandrecipients？A.Enjoyableshoppingexperiences.B.Asenseofsocialresponsibility.C.Closeinterpersonalrelationships.D.Agoodinsightintothefashiontrend.解析C细节理解题。由最后一段中的"Aswellasgivingchoicetoitsusersandminimisingfashionwaste，Escobarsaysoneconsequencehasbeenthesmallbutintimate（亲密的）connectionsestablishedbetweendonorandshopper"可知，GiveYourBest让捐赠者和接受者建立了亲密的人际关系，故选C项。B[2024天星原创]RobinHoodfamouslystolefromtherichandgavetothepoor.Newlyhatchedyoungbarnowls（仓鸮）dosomethingsimilar.Onaverage，barnowlsraisesixchicksatonce—andsometimesasmanyasnine.Buttheydon’tallhatchatthesametime，whichmeanstheolderowlsaregenerallylargerandhealthierthantheiryoungerbrothersandsisters.Aslongasthelittleowlsremaininthenest，they’recompletelydependentontheirparentsforfood.Inmanybirds，theoldestwouldsimplyoutcompetetheyoungest，butbarnowlsaredifferent.Itturnsoutthattheolder，healthierbirdssometimessharetheirmealswiththeirhungrysiblings（兄弟姐妹）."Inchicks，itisreallyrarelyobserved.Soit’squiteimpressivethatinthisgroup，thereisbehaviorshowingtheyworktogether，"addedevolutionarybiologistPaulineDucouretfromtheUniversityofLausanneinSwitzerland.Sheandherteamwantedtoknowhowthisuniquebehaviorevolved.Itcouldbeexplainedbythedirectbenefitsgainedthroughgroupwork，suchassharingfoodforgrooming（梳毛）.Oritcouldbeexplainedbytheindirectbenefitsgainedfromhelpingothersthatarecloselyrelated—alsoknownas"kinselection".Theyfoundthattheanswerwasboth.Youngerbirdsgroomedolderonesmoreoftenthanolderonesgroomedtheyoungsters.Andinreturn，theolderbirdsfedtheiryoungersiblings.Inaddition，olderowlswouldofferfoodtotheirhungrysiblingsratherthaneatthemselves，evenintheabsenceofgrooming.Ducouretsaidthatevolutionarybiologistsusuallycharacterizesiblingrelationshipsascompetitiveorevenopposed.Butremarkablycomplexexamplesofgroupworkcanstillbefoundamonganimalbrothersandsisters.Itseemsthatevennewlyhatchedbarnowlsknowthatsharingiscaring.Sothinktwicebeforedoingsomethingselfish.Afterall，youdon’twanttobedefeatedbyanewlyhatchedbird.本文是说明文。人们极少在雏鸟身上观察到合作和共享行为。因此，仓鸮这一物种的合作和共享行为令人印象相当深刻，研究人员对此展开了研究。【词语积累】hatchv.（使）孵出，孵化n.新孵出的幼崽outcompetev.（在竞争中）胜出，（竞争力）超过evolutionaryadj.进化的，演变的youngstern.幼小动物，年轻人characterizev.描述，刻画，表现（……的特征、特点）remarkablyadv.惊人地，非凡地1.Whatdoweknowaboutthelittlebarnowls？A.Theyarefedbyparentsinthenest.B.Theyarehatchedatthesametime.C.Theyhuntforfoodsoonafterhatching.D.Theycompetewithsiblingsforfood.解析A细节理解题。由第二段的"Aslongasthelittleowlsremaininthenest，they’recompletelydependentontheirparentsforfood"可知，只要小仓鸮还待在巢里，它们就完全依赖父母喂食，故A项正确。2.Whatdoesthethirdparagraphserveas？A.Theexplanationofkinselection.B.Abackgroundofresearchers’study.C.Thecommentonbarnowls’behavior.D.Anintroductionofbarnowls’livinghabits.解析B推理判断题。由第三段内容，尤其是"Sheandherteamwantedtoknowhowthisuniquebehaviorevolved"可知，研究人员认为，这种现象在雏鸟身上很少被观察到，所以小仓鸮的合作行为就非常让人印象深刻。他们想知道这种独特的行为是如何进化形成的。由此可推知，第三段主要介绍的是研究人员进行研究的背景。3.Whatistheauthor’stoneinthelastparagraph？A.Worried. B.Serious.C.Amazed. D.Humorous.解析D推理判断题。最后一段提到，似乎连刚孵化的小仓鸮都知道分享就是关心，所以在做一些自私的事情之前要三思而后行。毕竟，你也不想被一只刚孵化出来的鸟打败。由此可知，作者在最后一段使用了比较幽默的方式来行文，故D项正确。4.Whichcanbethebesttitleforthetext？A.SiblingRelationshipsAreImportantforBarnOwlsB.BarnOwlsAreFoundtoBeGoodatStealingFoodC.BarnOwlBabiesCanBeHelpfulHatchMatesD.GroomingIsaLanguageAmongBarnOwls解析C标题归纳题。由全文内容，尤其是由第四段的"Theyfoundthattheanswerwasboth.Youngerbirdsgroomedolderonesmoreoftenthanolderones...evenintheabsenceofgrooming"可知，文章主要介绍了仓鸮雏鸟的合作行为。C项（仓鸮雏鸟可能是对新孵出的幼崽有帮助的同伴）概括了文章主要内容，且表达形象贴切，做本文标题最佳。二、七选五[2023湖北武汉统考]Themostimportantthingtokeepinmindwhendecidingtoserveanotheristhatserviceexpectsnorewards.Whenyouexpectsomethinginreturn，andarenotservingoutofthegoodnessofyourheart，otherswillnotice.Surethey’llthankyou.1Whenyougivefromyourheart，therealpowerofservicecomesintoplay.Servingisagreatopportunitytostrengthenyourtrustandrespectforanother，andforthemtodothesametoyou.Notonlydoyoufeelgreatabouthelpingout，butyoubuildyourrelationshipwiththem，andtheywillfeelmorewillingtohelpyouinthefuture.2However，whyisservicesorarelyseenthesedays？3Sure，livinginthisdayandagedoesnotleaveusmuchtime，andthelastthingpeoplewanttodoismorework."I’mtoobusy，there’stoomuchwork，orIdon’thavethetime"mayrunthroughyourheadwhenyouhearthewordservice，butthetruthisthebenefitsareworththesacrifice.Gandhioncesaid，"Thebestwaytofindyourselfistoloseyourselfintheserviceofothers."4Someideasofplacesyoucanservearevolunteercenters，nursinghomes，andsoon.Youcanservepeopleaslongasyouwantto.5Althoughitdoestakesomework，thebenefitsarewellworththesacrifice.Notonlydoyoufeelbetteraboutmakinganother’sdayalittlelessstressful，butyoustrengthenyourrelationshipwiththemandtheywillbemorewillingtohelpyouinthefuture.A.It’sawin-winsituation.B.Serviceissimple.C.Overall，serviceandselflesslygivingtoothersisverypowerfulandhasmanybenefits.D.Andtheywillofferyouworseservice.E.Serviceisacomplexevent.F.Theproblemis，there’salwaysanexcusenottoserve.G.Buttheservicebecomesmoreofasituation，"I’lldothisforyouifyoudothisforme".本文是一篇议论文。文章围绕对他人的服务展开。1.G上文提示"当你期望得到回报，而不是出于好心去服务，别人会注意到的。当然他们会感谢你的"。G项（但服务更像是这样一种情况，"如果你为我做这件事，我就会为你做这件事"）与上文存在转折关系。2.A上文提到"帮助别人你不仅会感觉很好，而且你还和他们建立了关系，他们将来会更愿意帮助你"。A项（这是一个双赢的局面）是对上文的总结。3.FF项道出了"However，whyisservicesorarelyseenthesedays？"的原因所在。4.B上文提到"找到自我的最好方法就是全身心地投入到为他人服务中"，再根据下文提到的"你可以服务的地方有志愿者中心、养老院等等"可知，B项放在此处能起到承上启下的作用。5.C下文提到"虽然这确实需要付出一些努力，但付出的代价是值得的"。C项（Overall，serviceandselflesslygivingtoothersisverypowerfulandhasmanybenefits）放在此处能很好地与下文衔接。三、完形填空[2024河北衡水武强中学期中]Blanketscankeepyouwarmoncoldnightsorcleanandrelativelyant-freeonpicnics，butLucyBlaylockmakesblanketsforadifferentpurpose：to1peoplegoingthroughdifficulttimes.Shewantsherblanketstofeellikeabig，2hug.Lucylearnedtosewthreeyearsago，whenshewas8.Aftershe