Unit 1语法Grammar some和any及复合不定代词讲义2024-2025学年牛津深圳版英语八年级上册

Unit1Encyclopaedias语法部分一、any&some的区别1.some①some一般用在肯定句中，表示“一些”“几个”，可作形容词，(1)常修饰可数名词复数，如：Ineedtobuysomeapplesformyson.我需要给我儿子买一些苹果。(2)也可修饰不可数名词，如：Ihavesomemoneyinmypocket.我口袋里有一些钱。②在表示建议，反问，请求的疑问句中，或期望得到肯定回答时，多用some。如：Wouldyoulikesomecoffee?

你要不要来点咖啡？(表示建议)MayI

havesomechocolate？我能吃点巧克力吗？(表示请求)2.any①一般用在否定句和疑问句中，表示“一些”，可作形容词，(1)修饰可数名词复数，如：Doyouhaveanyquestionstoask?

你有什么问题要问吗?(2)也可修饰不可数名词，如：Dohaveanylowfatmilkleft?你这有一些低脂牛奶吗？(3)在否定句中，强调全部否定，如：Idon'tlikeanyoftheoptions.我一点也不喜欢这些选项。②any在肯定句中，表示任何可能性或选择的情况，强调“任何”如：Youcanchooseanycoloryoulike.你可以选择任何你喜欢的颜色。③在条件状语中，表示某个条件成立的情况下，可能会发生的可能性或情况。如：Ifthereareanyproblems,pleaseletmeknow.如果有任何问题，请让我知道。随堂练习：用some或any填空。1.Icansee_____birdsinthetree.2.Thereisn’t_____orangejuiceinmybottle.Pleasegiveme_____.3.—Doyouhave_____picture-books?

—No,Idon’thave_____.ButIhave_____story-books.

4.—Isthere_____riceinthebag?

—No,thereisn’t_____.

5.—Arethere_____boysintheclassroom?

—No,butthereare_____girlsinit.

6.—Wouldyoulike_____fruitjuice,please?

—No.I’dlike_____tea.

7.Ifyouhave_____questions,pleaseputupyourhands.8.MayIaskyou_____questions,MissWang?9.Canyousee_____bikesunderthetree?10.Therearenot______boysonthebus.

二、复合不定代词1.构成2.区别(1)something，somebody，someone通常用于肯定句；anything，anyone，anybody通常用于否定句、一般疑问句或条件状语从句中。如：Hefoundsomethingstrangebutinteresting.（肯定句）他发现了一些奇怪但有趣的东西。Doyouhaveanythingtosay?（一般疑问句）你有什么要说的吗？Ididn'tmeetanybodyontheisland.（否定句）我在岛上没有遇到任何人。(2)在疑问句中，表示邀请、请求、建议，希望得到对方肯定回答时，用something，somebody，someone.如：Wouldyoulikesomethingtodrink?你想喝点什么吗？Whynotasksomeonetohelpyou?为什么不请人帮你？(3)肯定句中，anything在表示“任何事(物)”，anyone，anybody表示“无论谁，任何人”AnythingisOK.任何事情都可以。如：Anybodyknowstheanswer.任何人都知道答案。Iwouldliketodoanythingforyou.我愿意为你做任何事。(4)someone，anyone，everyone都只能指人，且不和介词of连用；someone，anyone，everyone则既可指人又可指物，可与介词of连用。如：Anyoneshouldbepolitetoeveryoneofthem.任何人都要礼貌对待他们中的每一个人。---Whichtoywouldyoulike?---你要那个玩具？---AnyoneisOK.---随便。(5)noone（=nobody）“没有人”，只用来指人，通常不和介词of连用；none“没有一个”，既可以用来指人也可用来指物。如：Noonecandoitbetter.没有人能做得更好。Noneofthesequestionsiseasy,andnoneofuscanevenansweranyoneofthem.这些问题没有一个是容易的，我们中没有一个人能答出其中的一题。(6)回答who引导的特殊疑问句时用noone；回答howmany引导的特殊疑问句时用none。如：---Whowaslate?---谁迟到了？---Noone.---谁也没有迟到。---Howmanypigsdoyoukeep?---你养几头猪？---None.---一头也没养。随堂练习1._____givesmemorepleasurethancookingdeliciousfood.A.EverythingB.AnythingC.SomethingD.Nothing2.I’mhungry.Iwant______toeat.A.anything

B.somethingC.everything

D.nothing3.—Doyouhave______tosayforyourself?

—No,Ihave______tosay.A.something;everything

B.nothing;somethingC.everything;anything

D.anything;nothing4.Whynotask______tohelpyou?A.everyone

B.someoneC.anyone

D.none5.Shelistenedcarefully,butheard______.A.anyone

B.someoneC.everyone

D.nothing6.Thisis________storythat______ofuslikestoreadit.A．suchaninterested;everyone

B．suchaninteresting;everyoneC．sointerestinga;everyone

D．sointeresteda;everyone7.Iagreewithmostofwhatyousaid,butIdon’tagreewith______.A.everything

B.anythingC.something

D.nothing8.—Theexamwasdifficult,wasn'tit?

—No，butIdon'tthink______couldpassit.A.somebody

B.anybody

C.nobody

D.everybody3.用法(1)复合不定代词做主语时，用作单数。如：Everyoneishere.每个人都在这(2)形容词或else与复合不定代词连用时,形容词或else后置。如：Doyouwantanythingelse?你还想要其他的东西吗?Ihavesomethingimportanttotellyou.我有重要的事情要告诉你。随堂练习1.Hewilldecidetodo________toimprovehisEnglish.A．somethinguseful

B．anythinguseful

C．usefuleverything2.—Isthere________intoday’snewspaper?—No,nothingseemsinteresting.A．interestingsomething

B．anythinginterestingC．interestinganything

D．somethinginteresting3.—HowdidyoulikeyourhostfamilyinSydney?—Theywereveryfriendly.Theytriedtocook___formewhenIlivedthere.A．differentanything

B．differentsomethingC．somethingdifferent

D．anythingdifferent4.Maryisinhospitalnow,but________canstopherlearningherlessons.A．anything

B．nothing

C．something5.Everybodyhas______aboutthem.Sometimestheyjustdonotknowwhatitis.A.nothinggreatB.greatanythingC.somethinggreatD.greatsomething6.—Mom,canIhavesomething_________?—Oh,dear.Youcanonlydrinksomewater.Thereis_________inthekitchen.A．todrink.;nothingelse

B．drinking;somethingelse.C．toeat;somethingelse

D．eating;nothingelse7.There’s______withhiseyes.He’sOK.A.anythingwrong

B.wrongsomethingC.nothingwrong

D.wrongnothing8.Everything______ready.Wecanstartnow.A.are

B.

is

C.be

D.were4.复合不定代词的所有格(1)含-one和-body等指人的复合代词可有’s的所有格形式。如：Everybody’sbusinessisnobody’sbusiness.大家的事情没人管。Isthisanybody’sseat?这儿有人坐吗？(2)除与-thing构成的复合不定代词外，都有所有格形式；当其后有else时，’s要加在else后面。如：Grammarisn’teverybody’sideaoffun.语法不是每个人都认为兴趣的。Thatmustbesomebodyelse’scoat.Itisn’tmine.那一定是别人的外衣，不是我的。随堂练习：1.他拿走了别人的钱包.2.任何人的手机都应该放在这个盒子里.注意事项：①含-body和-one的复合代词只用来指人，含-body的复合不定代词与含-one的复合不定代词在功能和意义上完全相同，可以互换。只是用-body时显得较通俗些，多用于口语中，用-one时显得较文雅些，更常见于正式场合及书面语中。如：Someone/Somebodyiscryinginthenextroom.有人在隔壁房间哭。Noone/Nobodyisstupid.没有谁是愚蠢的。②含-thing的复合不定代词只用来指事物。如：Areyougoingtobuyanything?你会去买东西吗？Icanhearnothingbutyourvoice.我只听到了你的声音。③“notevery–”表示的是部分否定，意为“并非都，不都”。如：Noteverythingwillgowell.并非所有事情都会进展顺利。④“notany–”和no–均表示全否定.如：Helistened,butheardnothing.=Helistened,butdidn’thearanything.他听着，但什么也没听到。⑤当句中有little,few,seldom,hardly,never,without等半否定意义的副词、形容词、介词或如too…to等具有否定意义的其它结构时,通常用any系列词项：如：Iseldomeatanythingintheevening,becauseIhavetowatchmyweight.练习：一.单项选择1．Mum,Idon’thave_________toplaywith.CanIhaveapet?A．somebody

B．anybody

C．everybody

D．nobody2．—WhohelpedBettytakeoutthetrashjustnow?—________.Shetookitoutallbyherself.A．Somebody

B．Nobody

C．Everybody

D．Anybody3．—Didyougo________lastsummerholiday?—Yes.IwenttoShanghaiDisney.A．somewherespecial

B．anywherespecial

C．specialsomewhere

D．specialanywhere4．Kevinishonest,andnevertellsalieto________,whetherinthelifeorwork.A．anybody

B．somebody

C．everybody

D．nobody5．—Tonycan’tfindhisdictionary.—Maybe________

tookitawaybymistake.A．someone

B．anyone

C．everyone

D．nobody6.Hewastoosadtosay________whenheheardthebadnews.A．something

B．anything

C．everything

D．nothing7．Ienjoyplayingbadminton.WhenI’mrunningwithabatinmyhand,Idon’tworryabout________.A．something

B．anything

C．everything

D．nothing8．—Linda,whodidyougoonvacationwith?—________wasfree,soIwentalone.A．Everybody

B．Anybody

C．Nobody

D．Somebody9．—Is________here?—Yes.Weareallready.A．somebody

B．neither

C．everybody

D．none10．—Didyoudo_________funonyourvacation,Tara?

—Yes,Idid.IwenttoSanya.A．everything

B．anything

C．nothing11．—Whyareyoulaughing,Daniel?—Thereis________funnyinthenewspaper.Comeandsee.A．anything

B．something

C．everything

D．nothing12．Idon’tlikehisspeechbecauseIcan’tfind________init.A．somethingbor