2025届高考英语一轮总复习必修一Unit5NelsonMandela-amodernhero学案含解析新人教版

PAGEUnit5NelsonMandela—amodernhero必备学问·盘点夯基BIBEIZHISHIPANDIANHANGJIⅠ．单词立体巧记写准记牢语境运用核心单词1．__quality__n．质量；品质；性质2．__beg__vi．恳求；恳求3．__stage__n．舞台；阶段；时期4．__opinion__n．看法；看法；主见5．__reward__n．酬劳；奖金vt．酬劳；奖赏6．__found__vt．建立；建设7．__attack__vt．进攻；攻击；抨击8．__escape__vi．&vt．逃脱；逃走；避开9．__vote__vi．&vi．投票；选举n．投票；选票；表决10．__generous__adj．慷慨的；大方的11．__principle__n．法则；原则；原理1．Itisvery__generous__(慷慨的)ofthemtosharetheirmealwiththeirout-of-workneighbours．2．(2024·全国卷Ⅱ)Thegovernmentencouragesfarmerstogrowcorninsteadofricetoimprovewater__quality__(质量)．3．(2024·全国卷Ⅰ)ButIimaginethat,whilemoneyisindeedwonderfulandnecessary,rereadinganauthor'sworkisthehighest__reward__(回报)areadercanpaythem．4．Ifyougotothatareaaloneafterdark,youmightget__attacked__(attack)orrobbed．5．Intermsofthismatter,I'dliketolistentootherdifferent__opinions__(opinion)．6．__Founded__(found)in1636,HarvardisoneofthemostfamousuniversitiesintheUnitedStates．7．Theymanaged__toescape__(escape)fromtheburningbuildingbybreakingdownthedoor．8．(2024·新高考卷)Herearesome__principles__(principle)youmustmaster．拓展单词1．__guidance__n．指导；领导→__guide__vt．指导2．__violence__n．暴力；暴行→__violent__adj．暴力的；猛烈的3．__cruelty__n．残忍；残酷→__cruel__adj．残忍的；残酷的4．__equal__adj．相等的；同等的→__equally__adv．同等地→__equality__n．同等5．__active__adj．主动的；活跃的→__actively__adv．主动地；活跃地→__activity__n．活动6．__devote__vt．(与to连用)献身；用心于→__devotion__n．奉献；献身；忠诚→__devoted__adj．忠实的；深爱的7．__educate__vt．教化；训练→__educated__adj．受过教化的；有教养的→__education__n．教化→__educator__n．教化者8．__peaceful__adj．和平的；安静的；安静的→__peace__n．和平；安静；和谐→__peacefully__adv．和平地；安静地9．__self__n．自我；自身→__selfish__adj自私的→__selfless__adj．无私的；忘我的→__selflessly__adv．无私地；忘我地10．__legal__adj．法律的；依照法律的→__illegal__adj．(反义词)非法的，违法的11．__unfair__adj．不公正的；不公允的→__fair__adj．公正的；公允的12．__willing__adj．乐意的；自愿的→__unwilling__adj．(反义词)不情愿的；不乐意的1．Theoldteacher__devoted__allhislifetoeducatinghis__devoted__studentsandhewasadmiredforhis__devotion__totheeducationcause．(devote)2．Allmenareborn__equal__，soeveryonehopestobetreated__equally__because__equality__isthebasicdemand．(equal)3．Onthewhole,peoplewhoarewell__educated__canfindjobseasierthanthosewithoutagood__education__．(educate)4．AsfarasI'mconcerned,itdoesseriousharmtochildren'scharacterthattoomuch__violence__isshownontelevision．What'sworse,__violence__onTVmakespeoplebehave__violently__．(violent)5．Everyonelikestolivein__peace__，butitseemsthattheworldisalwaysnot__peaceful__．(peace)6．Please__actively__takepartinafter-class__activities__，whichwillnotonlymakeyourschoollifecolorful,butalsoimproveyourlearning．(active)联想积累：1．以“-less”结尾的形容词①worthless无价值的②jobless失业的；无业的③fearless大胆的；英勇的④homeless无家可归的⑤restless不安静的；担忧静的2．后缀为-ance构成名词①appearance外貌②performance表现③significance重要性④guidance指导3．“教化”词汇一览①educatev．教化；训练②trainv．训练③instructv．指导④drillv．训练；操练⑤coachv．训练；指导Ⅱ．短语语境助记写准记牢语境运用1．__outofwork__失业2．__asamatteroffact__事实上3．__blowup__使充气；爆炸4．__introuble__在危急、受罚、苦痛、忧虑等的境况中5．__turnto__求助于；致力于6．__loseheart__丢失志气或信念7．__cometopower__当权；上台8．__setup__设立；建立9．__besentencedto__被判处……(徒刑)10．__bewillingtodosth．__情愿做某事11．__fightfor__为……而战12．__inone'sopinion/view__在某人看来语境运用1．InordertoprovideaplatformforstudentstopracticespeakingEnglish,ourschoolhasdecidedto__setup__anEnglishclub．2．Whentheblackpeople__turnedto__Mandelaforhelp,hewasalwayswillingtolendthemahand．3．Wehadto__blowup__thebridgesothattheenemywouldn'tcatchupwithussoon．4．Mr．Smithbecame__outofwork__，buthedidn'ttellhisfamilyandpretendedtogotoworkeveryday．5．Realfriendscanhelpyouagreatdealwheneveryouare__introuble__．6．WhenthenewPresident__cametopower__，hestartedtoreformtospeedupthedevelopmentoftheeconomy．7．Johnson__wassentencedto__tenyearsinprisonforwhathehaddoneandhewillbe30yearsoldwhenheissetfree．Ⅲ．句式运用速记背会原句知晓考点我会仿用1．Thelastthirtyyearshaveseenthegreatestnumberoflawsstoppingourrightsandprogress,untiltodaywehavereachedastagewherewehavealmostnorightsatall．过去三十年来所出现的大量法律剥夺了我们的权利，阻挡了我们的进步，始终到今日，我们还处在几乎什么权利都没有的阶段。(1)主语是时间或地点名词，谓语是see，find，witness等动词，表示“经验或目睹了某事”。(2)where引导定语从句修饰stage。1．(2024·新高考卷应用文写作)上周日我们学校举办了一场精彩的越野赛。__LastSundaysaw/witnessedanextraordinarycross-countryrunningrace．__2．我们到了这样一个阶段：必需实行有效措施来爱护环境。__Wehavereachedastagewhere__effectivemeasuresshouldbetakentoprotecttheenvironment．2．Onlythendidwedecidetoanswerviolencewithviolence．只有到那个时候，我们才确定用暴力抗拒暴力。only修饰状语放在句首，主谓部分倒装。3．(全国卷Ⅱ书面表达)只有通过多练习剪纸，你才能驾驭这门民间艺术。Onlybypractisingpaper-cuttingmore__canyoulearnthefolkart__．3．IfeltbadthefirsttimeItalkedtoagroup．第一次给旅行团作讲解时，我的心情很不好。thefirsttime“第一次……”，引导时间状语从句。4．(湖南高考书面表达)第一次竞赛失败，我们都感到很懊丧，因为我们都全身心地为此做了充分打算。__Thefirsttimewelostthematch__，weallfeltverydepressed,becausewehadallbeendevotedtomakingfullpreparationsforit．4．However,thiswasatimewhenonehadgottohaveapassbooktoliveinJohannesburg．可是，那个时候你要想住在约翰内斯堡就非得要有身份证不行。thisis/wasatimewhen．．．“这是一个……的时期”5．这是一个我们中国人既有很多挑战又有机遇的时期。__Thisisatimewhen__weChinesehavebothagreatmanychallengesandopportunities．INC"核心素养·精讲层练HEXINSUYANGJINGJIANGCENGLIAN1．devotevt．献身于；致力于eq\o(\s\up0(),\s\do0(C))词汇拓展devotedadj．深爱的；忠实的devotionn．奉献；忠诚eq\o(\s\up0(),\s\do0(Y))用法归纳devote．．．to．．．把……献给……bedevotedto．．．致力于……；用心于……＝devoteoneselfto．．．eq\o(\s\up0(),\s\do0(W))温馨提示含介词to的短语：be/getused/accustomedto习惯于leadto导致payattentionto留意objectto反对beopposedto反对lookforwardto期望getdownto起先仔细做stickto坚持eq\o(\s\up0(),\s\do0(C))层级训练夯基—单句语法填空。①(2024·浙江卷，书面表达)Istillrememberwhatyouhavedevotedto__improving__(improve)myoralEnglishandwrittenEnglish．②Herson,__to__whomshewasdevoted,wentabroadlastyear．③(湖南高考)Frommyfirstjobattherestaurant,Ilearnedteamworkand__devotion__(devote)．④__Devoted__(devote)tohisresearchwork,theprofessorcaredlittleaboutanyotherthings．提能—一句多译。一心投入到教化失聪儿童，这位年轻女士很少有时间照看她自己的女儿。(devote)⑤Theyounglady__devotesherselftoteaching__thedeafchildren,soshehaslittletimetocareforherowndaughter．⑥__Devotingherselftoteaching__thedeafchildren,theyoungladyhaslittletimetocareforherowndaughter．(现在分词短语作状语)⑦__Devotedtoteaching__thedeafchildren,theyoungladyhaslittletimetocareforherowndaughter．(过去分词短语作状语)2．equaladj．相等的；同等的；能胜任的vt．比得上；抵得上n．同等之人或物eq\o(\s\up0(),\s\do0(C))词汇拓展equallyadv．同样(程度)地；平均地equalityn．同等；同等eq\o(\s\up0(),\s\do0(Y))用法归纳beequaltosth．/doingsth．等于/胜任(做)某事equalsb．/sth．in(doing)sth．在(做)某事上比得过、敌得过某人/物withoutequal＝havenoequal无与伦比eq\o(\s\up0(),\s\do0(C))层级训练夯基—单句语法填空。①Anymanwillbeequal__to__thetask,solongasheiscareful．Youshouldgiveitatry．②Idon'tthinkJimisequalto__transporting__(transport)thesevaluablegoods．③(2024·全国卷Ⅱ)Yourpersonalcircumstancesare__equally__(equal)important．Forexample,youmaywanttobeapilotbutcan'tbecomeonebecauseyoureyesightisnotgoodenough．提能—一句多译。(2024·全国卷Ⅰ书面表达)尽管我年轻，但我胜任这个志愿者工作。④YoungasIam,I__amequaltothevolunteerwork__．(equal)⑤AlthoughIamyoung,I__amfitforthevolunteerwork__．(fit)⑥YoungasIam,I__amqualifiedforthevolunteerwork__．(qualified)3．escapen．&vi．逃脱；逃走；泄露vt．逃脱eq\o(\s\up0(),\s\do0(Y))用法归纳(1)escapefrom．．．从……逃离escapedoingsth．躲避做某事escapeone'snotice/memory逃过某人的留意/被某人遗忘(2)haveanarrowescape九死一生makeone'sescapefrom逃离；逃脱fireescape太平梯；平安梯；平安出口eq\o(\s\up0(),\s\do0(Q))巧学助记eq\o(\s\up0(),\s\do0(C))层级训练夯基—单句语法填空。①Itissaidthathenarrowlyescaped__beingkilled__(kill)inthetrafficaccidenttheotherday．②Comparedwiththe__escaped__(escape)driver,IamproudofwhatIdid．③LastyearIhad__a__narrowescape,andIdon'twanttoriskmylifeasecondtime．夯基—熟词生义。④Itwasowingtomyignorancethathisnameescapedme．__被遗忘__提能—补全句子/句式升级。⑤Thewomanmanagedtoescapefromthefire(逃离火灾)withherbaby．Shewasextremelyterrifiedandexhausted．→Thewomanmanagedto__escapefromthefirewithherbaby，extremelyterrifiedandexhausted__．(形容词作状语)4．rewardn．酬劳；奖赏；回报vt．报答；嘉奖eq\o(\s\up0(),\s\do0(C))词汇拓展rewardingadj．值得的；有益的；有意义的eq\o(\s\up0(),\s\do0(Y))用法归纳(1)rewardsb．with．．．forsth．因为某事而用……答谢某人rewardsb．withsth．用……犒赏某人(2)asarewardfor作为回馈/答谢/奖赏inreward(for．．．)作为(对……的)报答eq\o(\s\up0(),\s\do0(Y))易混辨析award奖品，奖金，与prize用法相像意为“授予、颁发”，常用搭配：awardsb．sth．＝awardsth．tosb．reward酬劳、奖金或一些非金钱类的酬劳多指因对方的工作、服务、帮助而赐予的酬劳或奖赏，常用搭配：rewardsb．for(doing)sth．eq\o(\s\up0(),\s\do0(Y))一言辨异MoYanwasawardedtheNobelLiteraturePrizeforwriting．Inhissparetime,hehasalwaysbeenreadytohelpyoungwriters．Howcanwerewardhiskindness?莫言被授予了诺贝尔文学奖。在他的业余时间，他总是乐意帮助年轻作家。我们该如何回报他的好意呢？eq\o(\s\up0(),\s\do0(C))层级训练夯基—单句语法填空。①(2024·北京卷)TravellingalongtheoldSilkRoadisaninterestingand__rewarding__(reward)experience．②(2024·全国卷Ⅲ)Ifthemonkeystouchedtheleftsideofthescreentheywould__berewarded__(reward)withsevendropsofwaterorjuice．提能—一句多译。我送给他一本从上海买的书来答谢他的帮助。③IgavehimabookboughtfromShanghai__inrewardforhishelp__．(rewardn．)④__Asarewardforhishelp__，IgavehimabookwhichwasboughtfromShanghai．(rewardn．)⑤__Irewardedhimwithabook__whichIboughtfromShanghaiforhishelp．(rewardv．)5．introuble在逆境中eq\o(\s\up0(),\s\do0(G))归纳拓展askfortrouble自寻苦恼；自讨苦吃maketrouble捣乱；制造麻烦get(sb．)intotrouble(使某人)陷入逆境make/causetroubleforsb．给某人惹麻烦havetroublewithsth．做某事有困难havesome/notrouble(in)doingsth．做某事有(没有)困难takethetroubletodosth．不辞辛苦做某事eq\o(\s\up0(),\s\do0(C))层级训练夯基—单句语法填空。①Ifyouare__in__trouble,Mikeisalwayswillingtolendahand．②Wheneverwehavetrouble__with__ourstudies,ourteachersalwayshelpuspatiently．③(2024·天津卷)Ifyourawarenessisassharpasitcouldbe,you'llhavenotrouble__answering__(answer)thesequestions．④Thanksforthetroubleyouhavetaken__tohelp__(help)us．夯基—单句改错。⑤Youcan'timaginethetroubleIhadpersuadedhimtochangehismind．__persuaded→persuading__提能—单句写作。⑥Asisknowntousall,__ifweareintrouble__，itisnotourphonesbutourfriendsthatcanreallyhelpusout．众所周知，假如我们有困难，是挚友而不是手机可以真正地帮助我们摆脱逆境。6．turnto求助于；致力于；翻到(书的某页)；起先从事(学习、工作)；查阅；转向eq\o(\s\up0(),\s\do0(G))归纳拓展(1)turnup出现；露面；调大turndown关小；拒绝turnoff关掉turnin上交；归还turnout证明是；结果是；生产turninto变成；进入turnover打翻；翻身；移交(2)inturn反过来，转而；轮番taketurnstodo/doingsth．轮番做某事eq\o(\s\up0(),\s\do0(C))层级训练夯基—写出下列句中turnto的含义。①Ifyouturntopage40,youwillfindit．__翻到__②Followthemainroaduntilitbranchesandthenturntotheleft．__转向__③Afterheleftuniversityhebecameateacher,butlaterturnedtojournalism．__起先从事__④(2024·新高考卷)Heturnedtotheforestdepartmentforhelpbutwastoldthatnothingwouldgrowthere．__求助于__提能—用turn的相关词语完成句子。⑤Whenintrouble,youshould__turntoyourparents__forhelp．有麻烦的时候，你应当向父母求助。⑥They__taketurns__tolookaftertheirsickfatherinthehospital．他们轮番照看生病住院的父亲。⑦(全国卷Ⅲ语法填空)Shehas__turneddown__severalinvitationstostaratshowsinordertoconcentrateonherstudies．为了集中精力学习，她拒绝了几次演出的邀请。⑧Don'tworry,I'msureyourmissingglasseswill__turnup__soonerorlater．别担忧，我信任你丢失的眼镜迟早会出现的。⑨Thecarskippedand__turnedover__．汽车打滑向一侧翻倒了。⑩(牛津高阶)Despiteourworrieseverything__turnedout__well．尽管我们都很担忧，结果一切都顺当。⑪(浙江高考)Don'tletgossip__turninto__lies．不要让谣言变成谎言。⑫(北京高考书面表达)Somecompromiseswereunavoidable,butthevideo__turnedout__perfect．一些妥协是不行避开的，但视频证明是极好的。7．loseheart丢失志气或信念eq\o(\s\up0(),\s\do0(G))归纳拓展loseone'sheartto倾心于；爱上learn．．．byheart背诵；牢记putone'sheartinto用心于heartandsoul一心一意地strike．．．intoone'sheart使……刻骨铭心eq\o(\s\up0(),\s\do0(C))层级训练夯基—用heart的相关短语填空。①OurPartywasfoundedin1921,sincewhenshehasbeenservingthepeople__heartandsoul__．②Aslittleboysandgirlshaveaverygoodmemory,theycan__learn__alotofEnglishwords__byheart__．③Astheoldsayinggoes,“Nothingistoohardifyou__putyourheartinto__it．”④Althoughhewasoutofwork,hedecidedtostartanewbusinessinsteadof__losingheart__．提能—单句写作。⑤Whatevergreatchallengeswemeetinourdailylife,__weshouldn'tloseheart__．无论我们在日常生活中遇到多大的挑战，我们都不应当失去信念。8．．．．onlythendidwedecidetoanswerviolencewithviolence．只有到那个时候，我们才确定用暴力抗拒暴力。“only＋状语(即副词、介词短语或状语从句)”位于句首时，句子要采纳部分倒装结构。eq\o(\s\up0(),\s\do0(G))归纳拓展以下几种状况句子要用部分倒装结构：(1)表否定意义的词语，如never,hardly,little,rarely,scarcely,seldom,not,no,notonly,atnotime,undernocircumstances等位于句首时；(2)以so,neither/nor开头的句子，表示前面所述状况适合于另一个人或物，句子要用倒装结构。so表达确定意义，neither/nor表达否定意义；(3)句型so/such．．．that．．．中的so/such．．．部分位于句首时。eq\o(\s\up0(),\s\do0(C))层级训练夯基—依据括号内汉语提示完成句子。①Onlywhenyouridentityischecked__willyoubeallowedin__(你才能被允许进入)．②(2024·浙江卷)Onlyonspecialoccasions__wouldtheytakeitout__(他们才会把它拿出来)andletusholditinourhands．③Notonly__istheteacherhimselfinterestedinfootball__(老师本人对足球感爱好),butalsohisstudentsarebeginningtoshowinterestinit．④Ifyoudon'tgo,nor__will/shallI__(我也不去)．⑤So__manyplacesofinterestdoesBeijingoffer__(北京有这么多名胜)thatyoucan'tvisitthemallinasingleday．提能—句式升级。⑥(2024·浙江6月卷写作)IrealizeditwasimportanttohaveagoodcommandofspokenEnglishonlywhenIwonthefirstprizeinthespokenEnglishcontest．→__OnlywhenIwonthefirstprizeinthespokenEnglishcontestdidIrealize__itwasimportanttohaveagoodcommandofspokenEnglish．(倒装)9．IfeltbadthefirsttimeItalkedtoagroup．第一次给旅行团作讲解时，我的心情很不好。eq\o(\s\up0(),\s\do0(G))归纳拓展(1)名词短语作连词，引导时间状语从句的有：eq\b\lc\\rc\}(\a\vs4\al\co1(themoment,theminute,theinstant))＝assoonas一……就……(2)eq\b\lc\{\rc\(\a\vs4\al\co1(everytime每次/回……的时候,eachtime每当……时,nexttime下次……时,anytime在任何时间,lasttime最终一次……时))(3)有时副词也可充当连词，引导时间状语从句，它们是：instantly,immediately,directly等，都相当于assoonas。(4)hardly/scarcely．．．when．．．以及nosooner．．．than．．．意为“一……就……”，从句常用一般过去时态，主句用过去完成时，且hardly/scarcely/nosooner位于句首时，要用部分倒装。eq\o(\s\up0(),\s\do0(M))名师点津forthefirsttime只用作句子的状语，不具有连词功能，不行用来引导状语从句。eq\o(\s\up0(),\s\do0(C))层级训练夯基—完成句子。①(浙江卷写作)__Everytimehearrivedhome__(每次他回到家)attheendoftheday,we'dgreethimatthedoor．②(2024·全国卷Ⅰ)__ThefirsttimeIwentthere__(我第一次去那里时)，theywerelivinginasmallhousewithdogs,ducks,andotheranimals．③(湖北高考)Becareful!Themachinestarts__themoment__youpressthebutton．当心点！你一按电钮机器就运转。④__Nosooner__hadwearrivedatthestation__than__thetrainleft．我们刚到车站，火车就离开了。提能—一句多译。他第一次上这位年轻老师的课时，就感爱好。⑤Hebecameinterestedintheyoungteacher'slesson__thefirsttime__heattendedhisclass．⑥Hebecameinterestedintheyoungteacher'slessonwhenheattendedhisclass__forthefirsttime__．INCLU"高效演练·素能提升GAOXIAOYANLIANSUNENGTISHENGⅠ．单句语法填空1．__Havingdevoted__(devote)almostallourtimetoourschoolworkinthepastthreemonths,wehavealmostnotimeforfunandplay．解析：考查非谓语动词。逻辑主语是we,状语表示过去的时间inthepastthreemonths，因此用现在分词完成式。故填Havingdevoted。2．Thewetlandparkis__equally__(equal)attractiveinspringandautumn,fortheweatherispleasantinbothseasons．解析：考查副词。句意：湿地公园春秋两季同样迷人，这两个季节的气候都很好。由句子结构可知，修饰形容词attractive应用副词形式，故填equally，意为“同等地”。3．AnincreasingnumberofproductsmadeinChinaare__of__goodqualitybutmuchlessexpensivethanthosefromabroad．解析：考查介词。句意：越来越多的国产货质量很好，价格比进口的便宜很多。beofgoodquality“质量好的”。故填of。4．Duringthepastfewyears,thetimeandmoneyhehasdevotedto__planting__(plant)treesinthatremoteareaisnowconsideredtobeofgreatvalue．解析：考查短语动词。句意：在过去的几年里，他投入了很多时间和金钱在偏远山区植树，现在被认为很有意义。devote．．．to．．．“把……投入到……”中to是介词。故填planting。5．Inthegreatfire,hewasfortunatetoescape__beingkilled__(kill)．解析：考查escape的用法。句意：在大火中，他很幸运地逃脱了死亡。escapedoingsth．“逃脱做某事”。故填beingkilled。6．It'simportanttolearntotakeapositiveattitude__to/toward(s)__lifewhenyouare__in__trouble．解析：考查固定短语。句意：当你处于逆境时，学会对生活保持乐观的看法是很重要的。名词attitude后用介词to或towards；introuble“处于逆境中”。故填to/towards；in。7．Intimewereachedastage__where__wehadmoreyoungreadersthanoldones．解析：考查stage后定语从句的关系词。句意：最终我们到了一个新读者比老读者多的阶段。在定语从句中缺少地点状语。故填where。8．Becauseoftoomuchhomework,gonearethedays__when__wecanplaydayandnight．解析：考查定语从句。句意：由于太多的作业，每天玩的日子一去不复返了。定语从句中缺少时间状语。故填when。9．ForalltheseyearsIhavebeenworkingforothers．I'mhopingI'llset__up__myownbusinesssomeday．解析：考查固定短语。句意：这些年来我始终为别人工作。我希望有一天可以开创自己的事业。setup“设立；创立”。故填up。10．__Only__whenhiswifeputphotosofherinjuriesonthewebdidheapologize．解析：考查倒装句。助动词提到了主语之前，所以填Only。句意：直到他的妻子将受伤的照片放在网上时，他才(向妻子)致歉。11．There'snoreasontobedisappointed．As__a__matteroffact,thiscouldberatheramusing．解析：考查固定短语。句意：你没有理由悲观。事实上，这可能会特别好玩。asamatteroffact＝infact“事实上；事实上”。故填不定冠词a。12．(全国卷Ⅱ阅读)Whenaleafyplantis__under__attack,itdoesn'tsitquietly．解析：考查固定短语。句意：当一株植物受到攻击时，它不是毫无反应的。underattack“被攻击”。故填under。13．Studentsshouldinvolvethemselvesincommunityactivities__where__theycangainexperienceforgrowth．解析：考查定语从句引导词。句意：学生们应当主动参加社团活动，在这些活动中他们可以获得成长的阅历。分析句子结构可知，本句的先行词是communityactivities，将其移到后面的定语从句中为：theycangainexperienceforgrowthincommunityactivities，由此可知关系词代替先行词在后面的定语从句中作地点状语，故用where引导。14．(2024·新高考卷)Molaibuiltatthetopofeachsapling(幼树)abambooplatform,__where__heplacedearthenpotswithsmallholestocollectrainwater．解析：考查定语从句。句意：Molai在每个(幼树)树苗顶部建立了竹平台，在那里他放置了有小孔的陶壶以收集雨水。分析结构可知，此处abambooplatform是先行词，从句缺少地点状语，要用where引导。15．(2024·全国卷Ⅰ)Chinahasbecomethefirstcountry__toland__(land)aspacecraftonthefarsideofthemoon．解析：考查非谓语动词。“序数词＋名词”后常用不定式作定语。故填toland。Ⅱ．单句改错1．Littlejoycanequalitofasurprisingendingwhenyoureadstories．__it→that__2．HeoftenlentmeahandwhenIwasintrouble,towhichIwasgrateful．__to→for__3．Nowadaysmanyschoolchildrendevotetoomuchtimetoplaycomputergames．__play→playing__4．HecalledtoseemeforthefirsttimehecametoNanjing．__去掉for__5．Itwasgenerousforyoutohelpmecleantheroomfullofdirt．__for→of__6．Hewasinvolvedinabankrobberyandwassentencedforsixyearsinprison．__for→to__Ⅲ．单句写作1．尽管约翰很年轻，但是他却能胜任这项重要的工作。(equal)__Youngashewas，Johnwasequaltotheimportanttask．__2．依我之见，即使你失业也不要灰心。(loseheart;outofwork)__Inmyopinion，neverloseheartevenifyouareoutofwork．__3．1949年是中华人民共和国成立的一年。(witness)__Theyear1949witnessedthefoundingofthePeople'sRepublicofChina．__4．每次我在公园里看到这位老人时，他都在专注地看报纸。(every/eachtime)__Every/EachtimeIseetheoldmaninthepark，heisabsorbedinreadingnewspapers．__5．只有你来中国的时候才能体验中国的饮食文化。(倒装句)__OnlywhenyoucometoChinacanyouexperienceChinesefoodculture．__Ⅳ．语篇填空Doyouknowthe__1．former__(form)presidentofSouthAfrica，NelsonMandela？Hefoughtfortheblackpeopleandwas__2．in__prisonfornearlythirtyyears．Hehelpedblackpeoplegettheequalrightswithwhitepeople．Eliashadlittleeducation．Becausehisfamilycouldn'tafford__3．topay__(pay)theschoolfees,hehadtodropoutofschool．Thenhefoundajobinagoldmineandheworriedabout__4．whether__hewouldbeoutofwork．Itwasduringthisdifficultperiodoftime__5．that__hemetNelsonMandelaforthefirsttime,whowasa