电子与通信技术专业英语（第6版）课件 项目20 Computer Simulation

刘骋蔡静主编电子与通信技术专业英语（第6版）高职高专电子信息类“十三五”规划教材EnglishonElectronicandTelecommunicationTechnology04UnitⅣBasicKnowledgeofElectronicsLesson20ComputerSimulation

UnitⅣNewWordssimulation [,simju'leiʃn] n. 仿真，假装，模拟demonstrate ['demənstreit] vt. 示范，证明，论证prototype ['prəutətaip] n. 原型phenomenon [fə'nɔminən] n. 现象malfunction [mæl'fʌŋkʃn] n. 故障supersonic [,sju:pə'sɔnik] adj.&n. 超音波的；超声波NewWordscrash [kræʃ] n.&v. 碰撞，坠落，坠毁impact ['impækt] n. 碰撞，冲击，影响，效果calamity [kə'læməti] n. 灾难，不幸事件replicate ['replikit] v. 复制iterative ['itərətiv] adj. 重复的，反复的depict [di'pikt] vt. 描述，描写NewWordspseudo ['sju:dəu] adj. 假的，冒充的architect ['ɑ:kitekt] n. 建筑师fuselage ['fju:zəlɑ:ʒ] n. 机身aerodynamics [,εərəudai'næmiks]n. 空气动力学，气体力学Elasticity [,elæs'tisəti] n. 弹力，弹性geometry [dʒi'ɔmətri] n. 几何学NewWordsaftermath ['ɑ:ftəmæθ] n. 结果，后果collision [kə'liʒn] n. 碰撞，冲突meteorite ['mi:tiərait] n. 陨星comprise [kəm'praiz] v. 包含，由……组成PhrasesandExpressionsCAD(ComputerAidedDesign) 计算机辅助设计greenhouseeffect 温室效应ComputerSimulationasapowerfulanalytictoolwidelyusedinscientificresearchandengineeringdesigndemonstratesunrivalledadvantages.Withcomputersimulation,scientistsandengineersdonothavetobuildrealprimaryprototypeswhentheyobserveanknownphenomenon,analyseacomplexprocess,designamachineorabuilding,etc.Computersimulationisparticularlysignificantwhentheobjectunderstudyandexaminationiscostlyorevenimpossibletobebuiltintoarea1model.Forexample,tostudythecauseofenginemalfunctionthathasledtoaseriesofsupersonicplanescrashed,ortoexaminetheimpactonpassengerswhenanairplanecrashes,researchersmayhavetorepeatsimulatingthecalamitiesoverandoveragainbeforetheycanfindoutwhattheyneedtoreachaconclusion.Lesson20ComputerSimulationChineseTranslationofTexts计算机仿真作为一种功能强大的分析工具广泛地用于科学研究和工程设计中且具有无与伦比的优越性。科学家们在观察已知的现象；分析复杂的过程；设计一台机器或一座建筑物时，利用计算机仿真技术后，不再需要建立真实的原始模型。在研究和考察价格昂贵或甚至无法实现的真实模型时，计算机仿真技术显得尤为重要。例如，为了研究造成超音速飞机一系列事故的发动机故障的原因，或者为了检查当飞机失事时对乘客的影响，研究者需要一遍又一遍地反复模仿飞机的飞行过程，直到获得最后的结论。第20课

计算机仿真ChineseTranslationofTextsObviously,thesecanonlybesimulatedbyrunningcomputersimulationprogramsorthelike,ratherthanreplicatingthetragedies.Anotherexampleisengineeringdesign,inwhichengineershavetotrymanyschemesandparametersbeforetheycancomeupwithasatisfactorydesign.Usingcomputersimulationprograms,engineerscanaccomplishthatiterativeprocesseachtimebyinputtingdifferentschemesandparametersintotheircomputermode1s,ratherthanbuildingmanydifferentrealmodels.ChineseTranslationofTexts显然，他们只能通过操作计算机对过程进行仿真，而不能创建真实的环境。另一个例子是在工程设计中工程师必须试验很多方案和参数，才能完成令人满意的设计。利用计算机仿真程序，工程师只须将不同的方案和参数输入到用计算机建立的模型中，就能完成每一次重复过程，而不需建立多个真实模型。ChineseTranslationofTextsVirtually,computersimulationisbasedonmathematica1modelsrepresentingthenatureoftheobjectunderstudyorexamination.Themathematicalmodelcomprisesaseriesofequationsthatdepicttheinherentprocessesoftheobjectinmathematicalterms.Acomputersimulationprogramincludesalgorithmsthatarederivedfromthoseequations.Theoutcomeofsimulationisusuallyexpressedinratherabstractforms,forinstance,2-Ddiagramscurvestables,figures.ChineseTranslationofTexts实际上，计算机仿真技术是以数学模型为基础的，通过研究和考察后获得的这些数学模型能够代表物体的自然属性。数学模型由一系列描述物体内在过程的，用数学符号表示的数学表达式组成。计算机仿真程序包含了由这些数学表达式获得的算法。仿真的结果通常以相当抽象的形式表达，如二维曲线、图表、数字等。ChineseTranslationofTextsOverthepastyears,computergraphicstechniqueshavehelpedcomputersimulationbycreatingrealistic3-Dimagestodepicttheobjecttobesimulatedandtheenvironmentarounditortheeffectimposedonit.Sophisticatedcomputersimulationpackagecapableofprovidingreal-timeinteractivemovingimageshaveemerged,althoughstillbeyondthereachofmostindustries.Meanwhile,manyCADsystemshaveincorporatedvisualmodulestoenableengineerstointeractively“walk”throughtheir3-Dpseudomodelsonscreentoreviewtheirdesignsandpresentthemtotheirclients.Thisconvenienceisparticularlyimportanttoarchitects.ChineseTranslationofTextsChineseTranslationofTexts在过去几年里，计算机图形技术已经可以创造真实的三维图像来描述物体，物体周围的环境或其对环境的影响效果，这都促进了计算机仿真技术的发展。虽然还没有广泛用于工业，但能够提供实时的、交互的运动图像的计算机仿真程序已经出现。同时，许多结合了可视模型的计算机辅助设计系统使工程师能够交互地“走”进他们屏幕上的3D虚拟模型，检查他们的设计并将它们呈现在客户面前。这种方便对于建筑设计尤为重要。Hereisanexample.Toanalysethedistributionofstressinafuselagewhentheplaneisflying,thecomputersimulationpackagewillfirstsetupamathematicalmodelforthisspecificthemewhichcomprisesequationsderivedfromaerodynamics,elasticity,structuralmechanics,thenimplementaseriesofcomputationsonasimplifiedstructureoftheplane,basedonthefiniteelementstressanalysis,finally,itgivestheoutcomewhichwillbeclustersofcurvesspreadoverthesimplifiedstructureoftheplane,eachindicatingthelocationsinthefuselagethatsufferstressofauniformvalue.Theaccuracyofthesimulationdependsontheaccuracyofthemathematicalmodel,thatis,howcloselythemodelisbuilttorepresenttherealplaneanditsenvironmentintermsofmathematics,geometryandmechanics.ChineseTranslationofTexts这里还有一个例子，为了分析飞机飞行时机身的应力分布，计算机仿真系统将根据这一特殊主题，建立一个数学模型，数学模型由从空气动力学、弹性力学、结构力学等理论得出得等式组成；然后根据有限元应力分析，针对飞机的简化结构进行一系列计算；最后，由计算机仿真系统算出结果，结果将是一簇遍布飞机的简化结构的曲线，每一条曲线指明了机身上承受同一应力的位置。仿真结果的精确性取决于数学模型的精确性，即数学模型与它代表的真实飞机以及用数学、几何学、机械学表示的飞机所在环境的接近程度。ChineseTranslationofTextsComputersimulationseemstobetheonlychoiceforanalysingdisasters,calamitiesandaccidents.Quitealotofimpressivesimulationshavebeenmadeonsomepotentiallythreateningdisastersandcalamities,forexample,theaftermathsofaglobalnuclearwar,thedisastrouseffectonglobalclimateandenvironmentasaresultofworldwidegreenhouseeffect,theprobabilityofcollisionbetweenaninvadingmeteoriteandtheearth,etc.ChineseTranslationofTexts计算机仿真似乎是分析灾难、气候和事故的唯一选择。相当多的给人印象深刻的针对具有潜在威胁的灾难的计算机仿真已经被建立，例如，地球核战争的后果；世界范围的温室效应导致的对地球气候和环境的灾难性的影响；天外入侵的陨石与地球相撞的可能性等。ChineseTranslationofTextsOtherapplicationsofcomputersimulationtechniquecanbeweatherforecasting,simulationofcombatactionsinbattlefield,flightprogramsfortrainingfuturepilots,humanmodelsfortestingnewmedicinesandbusoperator’sworkstation(asshowninFig.20-1).ChineseTranslationofTexts计算机仿真还可应用于天气预报，战场上战争情况的模拟，训练飞行员的飞行程序，模仿人类试用新药的反应和汽车驾驶仿真操作等（如图20－1所示）。ChineseTranslationofTextsNotesComputersimulationasapowerfulanalytictoolwidelyusedinscientificresearchandengineeringdesigndemonstratesunrivalledadvantages.计算机仿真作为一种功能强大的分析工具，广泛地用于科学研究和工程设计中，且具有无与伦比的优越性。过去分词短语widelyusedinscientificresearchandengineeringdesign充当后置定语，修饰computersimulation。1NotesForexample,tostudythecauseofenginemalfunctionthathasledtoaseriesofsupersonicplanescrashed,ortoexaminetheimpactonpassengerswhenanairplanecrashes,researchersmayhavetorepeatsimulatingthecalamitiesoverandoveragainbeforetheycanfindoutwhattheyneedtoreachaconclusion.例如，为了研究造成超音速飞机一系列事故的发动机故障的原因，或者为了检查当飞机失事时对乘客的影响，研究者需要一遍又一遍地反复模拟飞机的飞行过程，直到获得最后的结论。2NotesForexample,tostudythecauseofenginemalfunctionthathasledtoaseriesofsupersonicplanescrashed,ortoexaminetheimpactonpassengerswhenanairplanecrashes,researchersmayhavetorepeatsimulatingthecalamitiesoverandoveragainbeforetheycanfindoutwhattheyneedtoreachaconclusion.（1）两个不定式短语充当目的状语，其中，thathasledtoaseriesofsupersonicplanescrashed是定语从句，修饰enginemalfunction；whenanairplanecrashes是时间状语从句。（2）overandoveragain：“一次又一次”，相当于againandagain。2NotesForexample,tostudythecauseofenginemalfunctionthathasledtoaseriesofsupersonicplanescrashed,ortoexaminetheimpactonpassengerswhenanairplanecrashes,researchersmayhavetorepeatsimulatingthecalamitiesoverandoveragainbeforetheycanfindoutwhattheyneedtoreachaconclusion.（3）before引导时间状语从句，其中，what引导宾语从句。（4）findout：v.计算出，找出，发现，查明（真相等）。2NotesObviously,thesecanonlybesimulatedbyrunningcomputersimulationprogramsorthelike,ratherthanreplicatingthetragedies.显然，他们只能通过计算机模拟程序或其他类似的程序对过程进行仿真模拟，而不是在现实中再制造一场同样的灾难。3NotesObviously,thesecanonlybesimulatedbyrunningcomputersimulationprogramsorthelike,ratherthanreplicatingthetragedies.（1）orthelike：“或者像这种”，指类似于通过操作计算机仿真程序进行模仿这样的事情；（2）ratherthan：“而不是”。3Notes Sophisticatedcomputersimulationpackagecapableofprovidingreal-timeinteractivemovingimageshaveemerged,althoughstillbeyondthereachofmostindustries.虽然还没有广泛应用于工业，但能够提供实时的、交互的运动图像的计算机仿真程序已经出现。4Notes Sophisticatedcomputersimulationpackagecapableofprovidingreal-timeinteractivemovingimageshaveemerged,althoughstillbeyondthereachofmostindustries.（1）capableofprovidingreal-timeinteractivemovingimages：形容词短语，后置定语，修饰computersimulationpackage。（2）在althoughstillbeyondthereachofmostindustries中省略了主谓部分itis，it指computersimulationpackage。4Notes…whichcomprisesequationsderivedfromaerodynamics,elasticity,structuralmechanics,…finally,itgivestheoutcomewhichwillbeclustersofcurvesspreadoverthesimplifiedstructureoftheplane,eachindicatingthelocationsinthefuselagethatsufferstressofauniformvalue.（1）这里的两个which引导定语从句，分别修饰amathematicalmodel和outcome。（2）it这里指computersimulationpackage。5Notes…whichcomprisesequationsderivedfromaerodynamics,elasticity,structuralmechanics,…finally,itgivestheoutcomewhichwillbeclustersofcurvesspreadoverthesimplifiedstructureoftheplane,eachindicatingthelocationsinthefuselagethatsufferstressofauniformvalue.（3）spreadoverthesimplifiedstructureoftheplane：过去分词短语，修饰clustersofcurves。（4）eachindicatingthelocationsinthefuselagethatsufferstressofauniformvalue：现在分词的独立结构，充当伴随状语，其中that引导定语从句，修饰locations。5Exercises1.WriteT(True)orF(False)besidethefollowingstatementsaboutthetext.a.Withcomputersimulation,scientistsandengineersstillhavetobuildrealprimaryprototypes.b.Computersimulationisreallyusefulwhenmakingamodelcostsalotorevenimpossible.c.Evenusingcomputersimulationprograms,engineershavetotrymanyschemesandparametersbeforetheycancomeupwithasatisfactorydesign.d.Thetechnologyofcomputersimulationisbasedonmathematicalmodelsrepresentingthenatureoftheobjectunderstudyorexamination.e.Themathematicalmodelcan’tdepicttheinherentprocessesoftheobject.Exercises1.WriteT(True)orF(False)besidethefollowingstatementsaboutthetext.a.Withcomputersimulation,scientistsandengineersstillhavetobuildrealprimaryprototypes.b.Computersimulationisreallyusefulwhenmakingamodelcostsalotorevenimpossible.c.Evenusingcomputersimulationprograms,engineershavetotrymanyschemesandparametersbeforetheycancomeupwithasatisfactorydesign.d.Thetechnologyofcomputersimulationisbasedonmathematicalmodelsrepresentingthenatureoftheobjectunderstudyorexamination.e.Themathematicalmodelcan’tdepicttheinherentprocessesoftheobject.FTFTFExercises1.WriteT(True)orF(False)besidethefollowingstatementsaboutthetext.f.Theoutcomeofsimulationisusuallyexpressedinparticularforms.g.Computergraphicstechniqueshavehelpedcomputersimulationbycreatingrealistic3Dimages.h.Computersimulationistheonlychoiceforanalysingdisasters,calamitiesandaccidents.Exercises1.WriteT(True)orF(False)besidethefollowingstatementsaboutthetext.f.Theoutcomeofsimulationisusuallyexpressedinparticularforms.g.Computergraphicstechniqueshavehelpedcomputersimulationbycreatingrealistic3Dimages.h.Computersimulationistheonlychoiceforanalysingdisasters,calamitiesandaccidents.TTTExercises2.Fillinthemissingwordsaccordingtothetext.a.Computersimulationasapowerfulanalytictoolwidelyusedinscientificresearchand engineeringdesigndemonstratesunrivalledadvantages.b.Otherapplicationsofcomputersimulationtechniquecanbeweatherforecasting,simulationofcombatactionsinbattlefield,flightprograms,fortrainingfuturepilots,humanmodels

fortestingnewmedicines.c.Tostudythecauseofenginemalfunctionthathasledtoaseriesofsupersonicplanescrashed,ortoexaminetheimpactonpassengerswhenanairplanecrashes,researchersmayhavetorepeatsimulatingthetragediesoverandoveragainbeforetheycanfindoutconclusio