2002年全国硕士研究生考试英语试卷及答案

2002年全国硕士研究生考试英语试卷及答案NationalEntranceTestofEnglishforMA/MSCandidates(2002)考生注意事项1．考生必须严格遵守各项考场规则，得到监考人员指令后方可开始答题。2．答题前，考生应将答题卡上的“考生姓名”、“报考单位”、“考试语种”、“考生编号”等信息填写清楚，并与准考证上的一致。3．全国硕士研究生入学考试英语分为试题（一）、试题（二）。4．本试题为试题（一），共4页（1～4页）。考生必须在规定的时间内作答。5．试题（一）为听力部分。该部分共有A、B、C三节，所有答案都应填写或填涂在答题卡1上。A、B两节必须用蓝（黑）圆珠笔答题，注意字迹清楚。C节必须用2B铅笔按照答题卡上的要求填涂，如要改动，必须用橡皮擦干净。6．听力考试进行时，考生应先将答案写或标记在试题上，然后在听力部分结束前专门留出的5分钟内，将答案整洁地誊写或转涂到答题卡1上。仅写或标记在试题上不给分。SectionIListeningComprehensionDirections:ThisSectionisdesignedtotestyourabilitytounderstandspokenEnglish.YouwillhearaselectionofrecordedmaterialsandyoumustanswerthequestionsthataccoMPAnythem.Therearethreepartsinthissection,PartA,PartBandPartC.Remember,whileyouaredoingthetest,youshouldfirstputdownyouranswersinyourtestbooklet.Attheendofthelisteningcomprehensionsection,youwillhave5minutestotransferallyouranswersfromyourtestbooklettoANSWERSHEET1.NowlookatPartAinyourtestbooklet.PartADirections:ForQuestions1-5,youwillhearanintroductionaboutthelifeofMargaretWelch.Whileyoulisten,filloutthetablewiththeinformationyou'veheard.Someoftheinformationhasbeengiventoyouinthetable.Writeonly1wordornumberineachnumberedbox.Youwillheartherecordingtwice.Younowhave25secondstoreadthetablebelow.(5points)Welch'sPersonalInformationPlaceofBirthPhiladelphiaYearofBirth1901TransfertoBarnardUniversity1920MajoratUniversity1FinalDegreePhDYearofMarriage1928GrowingUpInNewGuineaPublished(Year)2FieldStudyintheSouthPacific(Age)3MainInterest4ProfessorshipatColumbiaStarted(Year)5Death(Age)77PartBDirections:Forquestions6-10,youwillhearatalkbyawell-knownU.S.journalist.Whileyoulisten,completethesentencesoranswerthequestions.Usenotmorethan3wordsforeachanswer.Youwillheartherecordingtwice.Younowhave25secondstoreadthesentencesandquestionsbelow.(5points)Besidesreporters,whoelsewerecampedoutfordaysoutsidethespeaker'shome?6Onereportergottothespeaker'sapartmentpretendingtopay7Thespeakerbelievedthereporterwantedapictureofherlooking8Whereisacorrectiontoafalsestoryusuallyplaced?9Accordingtothespeaker,thepresswilllostreadersunlesstheeditorsandthenewsdirectors10PartCDirections:Youwillhearthreepiecesofrecordedmaterial.Beforelisteningtoeachone,youwillhavetimetoreadthequestionsrelatedtoit.Whilelistening,answereachquestionbychoosingA,B,CorD.Afterlistening,youwillhavetimetocheckyouranswers.Youwillheareachpieceonceonly.(10points)Questions11-13arebasedonareportaboutchildren'shealthydevelopment.Younowhave15secondstoreadQuestions11-13.11.Whatunusualquestionmaydoctorsaskwhengivingkidsacheckupnexttime?［A］Howmuchexercisetheygeteveryday.［B］Whattheyaremostworriedabout.［C］HowlongtheirparentsaccoMPAnythemdaily.［D］Whatentertainmenttheyareinterestedin.12.Theacademysuggeststhatchildrenunderagetwo.［A］getenoughentertainment.［B］havemoreactivities.［C］receiveearlyeducation.［D］haveregularcheckups.13.Accordingtothereport,children'sbedroomsshould.［A］benoplaceforplay.［B］benearacommonarea.［C］havenoTVsets.［D］haveacomputerforstudy.Questions14-16arebasedonthefollowingtalkabouthowtosavemoney.Younowhave15secondstoreadQuestions14-16.14.Accordingtothespeaker,whatshouldonepayspecialattentiontoifhewantstosaveup?［A］Familydebts.［B］Banksavings.［C］Monthlybills.［D］Spendinghabits.15.Howmuchcanapersonsavebyretirementifhegivesuphispack-a-dayhabit?［A］$190,000.［B］$330,000.［C］$500,000.［D］$1,000,000.16.Whatshouldonedobeforepayingmonthlybills,ifhewantstoaccumulatewealth?［A］Investintoamutualfund.［B］Usethediscounttickets.［C］Quithiseating-outhabit.［D］Useonlypaperbillsandsavecoins.Questions17-20arebasedonaninterviewwithHerbertA.Glieberman,adomestic-relationslawyer.Younowhave20secondstoreadQuestions17-20.17.Whichwordbestdescribesthelawyer'spredictionofthechangeindivorcerate?［A］Fall.［B］Rise.［C］V-shape.18.Whatdopeoplenowadaysdesiretodoconcerningtheirmarriage?［A］Toembracechangesofthought.［B］Toadapttothedisintegratedfamilylife.［C］Toreturntothepracticeinthe'60sand'70s.［D］Tocreatestabilityintheirlives.19.Whydidsomepeoplechoosenottodivorce20yearsago?［A］Theyfearedthecomplicatedprocedures.［B］Theywantedtogoagainstthetrend.［C］Theywereafraidoflosingface.［D］theywerewillingtostaytogether.20.YearsagoadivorcedmaninacoMPAnywouldhave.［A］beenshiftedaroundthecountry.［B］haddifficultybeingpromoted.［C］enjoyedahappierlife.［D］tastedlittlebitternessofdisgrace.Younowhave5minutestotransferallyouranswersfromyourtestbooklettoANSWERSHEET1.THISISTHEENDOFSECTIONIDONOTREADORWORKONTHENEXTSECTIONUNTILYOUARETOLDTOCONTINUE全国硕士研究生入学考试英语试题（二）NationalEntranceTestofEnglishforMA/MSCandidates(2002)考生注意事项1．考生必须严格遵守各项考场规则，得到监考人员指令后方可开始答题。2.全国硕士研究生入学考试英语分为试题（一）、试题（二）。3．本试题为试题（二），共11页（5～15页），含有英语知识运用、阅读理解、写作三个部分。英语知识运用、阅读理解A节的答案必须用2B铅笔按要求直接填涂在答题卡1上，如要改动，必须用橡皮擦干净。阅读理解B节和写作部分必须用蓝（黑）圆珠笔在答题卡2上答题，注意字迹清楚。4．考试结束后，考生应将答题卡1、答题卡2一并装入原试卷袋中，将试题（一）、试题（二）交给监考人员。SectionIIUseofEnglishDirections:Readthefollowingtext.Choosethebestword(s)foreachnumberedblankandmarkA,B,CorDonANSWERSHEET1.(10points)CoMPArisonsweredrawnbetweenthedevelopmentoftelevisioninthe20thcenturyandthediffusionofprintinginthe15thand16thcenturies.Yetmuchhadhappened(21).Aswasdiscussedbefore,itwasnot(22)the19thcenturythatthenewspaperbecamethedominantpre-electronic(23),followinginthewakeofthepamphletandthebookandinthe(24)oftheperiodical.Itwasduringthesametimethatthecommunicationsrevolution(25)up,beginningwithtransport,therailway,andleading(26)throughthetelegraph,thetelephone,radio,andmotionpictures(27)the20th-centuryworldofthemotorcarandtheairplane.Noteveryoneseesthatprocessin(28).Itisimportanttodoso.Itisgenerallyrecognized,(29),thattheintroductionofthecomputerintheearly20thcentury,(30)bytheinventionoftheintegratedcircuitduringthe1960s,radicallychangedtheprocess,(31)itsiMPActonthemediawasnotimmediately(32).Astimewentby,computersbecamesmallerandmorepowerful,andtheybecame“personal"too,aswellas(33),withdisplaybecomingsharperandstorage(34)increasing.Theywerethoughtof,likepeople,(35)generations,withthedistancebetweengenerationsmuch(36).Itwaswithinthecomputeragethattheterm“informationsociety"begantobewidelyusedtodescribethe(37)withinwhichwenowlive.Thecommunicationsrevolutionhas(38)bothworkandleisureandhowwethinkandfeelbothaboutplaceandtime,buttherehavebeen(39)viewaboutitseconomic,political,socialandculturalimplications.“Benefits"havebeenweighed(40)“harmful"outcomes.Andgeneralizationshaveproveddifficult.21.［A］between［B］before［C］since［D］later22.［A］after［B］by［C］during［D］until23.［A］means［B］method［C］medium［D］measure24.［A］process［B］coMPAny［C］light［D］form25.［A］gathered［B］speeded［C］worked［D］picked26.［A］on［B］out［C］over［D］off27.［A］of［B］for［C］beyond［D］into28.［A］concept［B］dimension［C］effect［D］perspective29.［A］indeed［B］hence［C］however［D］therefore30.［A］brought［B］followed［C］stimulated［D］characterized31.［A］unless［B］since［C］lest［D］although32.［A］apparent［B］desirable［C］negative［D］plausible33.［A］institutional［B］universal［C］fundamental［D］instrumental34.［A］ability［B］capability［C］capacity［D］faculty35.［A］bymeansof［B］intermsof［C］withregardto［D］inlinewith36.［A］deeper［B］fewer［C］nearer［D］smaller37.［A］context［B］range［C］scope［D］territory38.［A］regarded［B］impressed［C］influenced［D］effected39.［A］competitive［B］controversial［C］distracting［D］irrational40.［A］above［B］upon［C］against［D］withSectionIIIReadingComprehensionPartADirections:Readthefollowingfourtexts.AnswerthequestionsbeloweachtextbychoosingA,B,CorD.MarkyouranswersonANSWERSHEET1.(40points)Text1Ifyouintendusinghumorinyourtalktomakepeoplesmile,youmustknowhowtoidentifysharedexperiencesandproblems.YourhumormustberelevanttotheaudienceandshouldhelptoshowthemthatyouareoneofthemorthatyouunderstandtheirsituationandareinsyMPAthywiththeirpointofview.Dependingonwhomyouareaddressing,theproblemswillbedifferent.Ifyouaretalkingtoagroupofmanagers,youmayrefertothedisorganizedmethodsoftheirsecretaries;alternativelyifyouareaddressingsecretaries,youmaywanttocommentontheirdisorganizedbosses.Hereisanexample,whichIheardatanurses'convention,ofastorywhichworkswellbecausetheaudienceallsharedthesameviewofdoctors.AmanarrivesinheavenandisbeingshownaroundbySt.Peter.Heseeswonderfulaccommodations,beautifulgardens,sunnyweather,andsoon.Everyoneisverypeaceful,politeandfriendlyuntil,waitinginalineforlunch,thenewarrivalissuddenlypushedasidebyamaninawhitecoat,whorushestotheheadoftheline,grabshisfoodandstompsovertoatablebyhimself.“Whoisthat?"thenewarrivalaskedSt.Peter.“On,that'sGod,"camethereply,“butsometimeshethinkshe'sadoctor."Ifyouarepartofthegroupwhichyouareaddressing,youwillbeinapositiontoknowtheexperiencesandproblemswhicharecommontoallofyouandit'llbeappropriateforyoutomakeapassingremarkabouttheinediblecanteenfoodorthechairman'snotoriousbadtasteinties.Withotheraudiencesyoumustn'tattempttocutinwithhumorastheywillresentanoutsidermakingdisparagingremarksabouttheircanteenortheirchairman.YouwillbeonsafergroundifyousticktoscapegoatslikethePostOfficeorthetelephonesystem.Ifyoufeelawkwardbeinghumorous,youmustpracticesothatitbecomesmorenatural.Includeafewcasualandapparentlyoff-the-cuffremarkswhichyoucandeliverinarelaxedandunforcedmanner.Oftenit'sthedeliverywhichcausestheaudiencetosmile,sospeakslowlyandrememberthataraisedeyebroworanunbelievinglookmayhelptoshowthatyouaremakingalight-heartedremark.Lookforthehumor.Itoftencomesfromtheunexpected.Atwistonafamiliarquote“Ifatfirstyoudon'tsucceed,giveup"oraplayonwordsoronasituation.Searchforexaggerationandunderstatements.Lookatyourtalkandpickoutafewwordsorsentenceswhichyoucanturnaboutandinjectwithhumor.(447words)41.Tomakeyourhumorwork,youshould.［A］takeadvantageofdifferentkindsofaudience.［B］makefunofthedisorganizedpeople.［C］addressdifferentproblemstodifferentpeople.［D］showsyMPAthyforyourlisteners.42.Thejokeaboutdoctorsimpliesthat,intheeyesofnurses,theyare.［A］impolitetonewarrivals.［B］veryconsciousoftheirgodlikerole.［C］entitledtosomeprivileges.［D］verybusyevenduringlunchhours.43.Itcanbeinferredfromthetextthatpublicservices.［A］havebenefitedmanypeople.［B］arethefocusofpublicattention.［C］areaninappropriatesubjectforhumor.［D］haveoftenbeenthelaughingstock.44.Toachievethedesiredresult,humorousstoriesshouldbedelivered.［A］inwell-wordedlanguage.［B］asawkwardlyaspossible.［C］inexaggeratedstatements.［D］ascasuallyaspossible.45.Thebesttitleforthetextmaybe.［A］UseHumorEffectively.［B］VariousKindsofHumor.［C］AddHumortoSpeech.［D］DifferentHumorStrategies.Text2Sincethedawnofhumaningenuity,peoplehavedevisedevermorecunningtoolstocopewithworkthatisdangerous,boring,burdensome,orjustplainnasty.Thatcompulsionhasresultedinrobotics—thescienceofconferringvarioushumancapabilitiesonmachines.Andifscientistshaveyettocreatethemechanicalversionofsciencefiction,theyhavebeguntocomeclose.Asaresult,themodernworldisincreasinglypopulatedbyintelligentgizmoswhosepresencewebarelynoticebutwhoseuniversalexistencehasremovedmuchhumanlabor.Ourfactorieshumtotherhythmofrobotassemblyarms.Ourbankingisdoneatautomatedtellerterminalsthatthankuswithmechanicalpolitenessforthetransaction.Oursubwaytrainsarecontrolledbytirelessrobo-drivers.Andthankstothecontinualminiaturizationofelectronicsandmicro-mechanics,therearealreadyrobotsystemsthatcanperformsomekindsofbrainandbonesurgerywithsubmillimeteraccuracy—fargreaterprecisionthanhighlyskilledphysicianscanachievewiththeirhandsalone.Butifrobotsaretoreachthenextstageoflaborsavingutility,theywillhavetooperatewithlesshumansupervisionandbeabletomakeatleastafewdecisionsforthemselves—goalsthatposearealchallenge.“Whileweknowhowtotellarobottohandleaspecificerror,"saysDaveLavery,managerofaroboticsprogramatNASA,“wecan'tyetgivearobotenough'commonsense'toreliablyinteractwithadynamicworld."Indeedthequestfortrueartificialintelligencehasproducedverymixedresults.Despiteaspellofinitialoptimisminthe1960sand1970swhenitappearedthattransistorcircuitsandmicroprocessorsmightbeabletocopytheactionofthehumanbrainbytheyear2010,researcherslatelyhavebeguntoextendthatforecastbydecadesifnotcenturies.Whattheyfound,inattemptingtomodelthought,isthatthehumanbrain'sroughlyonehundredbillionnervecellsaremuchmoretalented—andhumanperceptionfarmorecomplicated—thanpreviouslyimagined.Theyhavebuiltrobotsthatcanrecognizetheerrorofamachinepanelbyafractionofamillimeterinacontrolledfactoryenvironment.Butthehumanmindcanglimpsearapidlychangingsceneandimmediatelydisregardthe98percentthatisirrelevant,instantaneouslyfocusingonthemonkeyatthesideofawindingforestroadorthesinglesuspiciousfaceinabigcrowd.ThemostadvancedcomputersystemsonEarthcan'tapproachthatkindofability,andneuroscientistsstilldon'tknowquitehowwedoit.46.Humaningenuitywasinitiallydemonstratedin.［A］theuseofmachinestoproducesciencefiction.［B］thewideuseofmachinesinmanufacturingindustry.［C］theinventionoftoolsfordifficultanddangerouswork.［D］theelite'scunningtacklingofdangerousandboringwork.47.Theword“gizmos"(line1,paragraph2)mostprobablymeans.［A］programs.［B］experts.［C］devices.［D］creatures.48.Accordingtothetext,whatisbeyondman'sabilitynowistodesignarobotthatcan.［A］fulfilldelicatetaskslikeperformingbrainsurgery.［B］interactwithhumanbeingsverbally.［C］havealittlecommonsense.［D］respondindependentlytoachangingworld.49.Besidesreducinghumanlabor,robotscanalso.［A］makeafewdecisionsforthemselves.［B］dealwithsomeerrorswithhumanintervention.［C］improvefactoryenvironments.［D］cultivatehumancreativity.50.Theauthorusestheexampleofamonkeytoarguethatrobotsare.［A］expectedtocopyhumanbrainininternalstructure.［B］abletoperceiveabnormalitiesimmediately.［C］farlessablethanhumanbraininfocusingonrelevantinformation.［D］bestusedinacontrolledenvironment.Text3Couldthebadolddaysofeconomicdeclinebeabouttoreturn?SinceOPECagreedtosupply-cutsinMarch,thepriceofcrudeoilhasjumpedtoalmost$26abarrel,upfromlessthan$10lastDecember.Thisnear-triplingofoilpricescallsupscarymemoriesofthe1973oilshock,whenpricesquadrupled,and1979-80,whentheyalsoalmosttripled.Bothpreviousshocksresultedindouble-digitinflationandglobaleconomicdecline.Sowherearetheheadlineswarningofgloomanddoomthistime?TheoilpricewasgivenanotherpushupthisweekwhenIraqsuspendedoilexports.Strengtheningeconomicgrowth,atthesametimeaswintergripsthenorthernhemisphere,couldpushthepricehigherstillintheshortterm.Yettherearegoodreasonstoexpecttheeconomicconsequencesnowtobelessseverethaninthe1970s.Inmostcountriesthecostofcrudeoilnowaccountsforasmallershareofthepriceofpetrolthanitdidinthe1970s.InEurope,taxesaccountforuptofour-fifthsoftheretailprice,soevenquitebigchangesinthepriceofcrudehaveamoremutedeffectonpumppricesthaninthepast.Richeconomiesarealsolessdependentonoilthantheywere,andsolesssensitivetoswingsintheoilprice.Energyconservation,ashifttootherfuelsandadeclineintheimportanceofheavy,energy-intensiveindustrieshavereducedoilconsumption.Software,consultancyandmobiletelephonesusefarlessoilthansteelorcarproduction.ForeachdollarofGDP(inconstantprices)richeconomiesnowusenearly50%lessoilthanin1973.TheOECDestimatesinitslatestEconomicOutlookthat,itoilpricesaveraged$22abarrelforafullyear,coMPAredwith$13in1998,thiswouldincreasetheoilimportbillinricheconomiesbyonly0.25-0.5%ofGDP.Thatislessthanone-quarteroftheincomelossin1974or1980.Ontheotherhand,oil-importingemergingeconomies—towhichheavyindustryhasshifted—havebecomemoreenergy-intensive,andsocouldbemoreseriouslysqueezed.Onemorereasonnottolosesleepovertheriseinoilpricesisthat,unliketherisesinthe1970s,ithasnotoccurredagainstthebackgroundofgeneralcommodity-priceinflationandglobalexcessdemand.Asizableportionoftheworldisonlyjustemergingfromeconomicdecline.TheEconomist'scommoditypriceindexisbroadlyunchangingfromayearago.In1973commoditypricesjumpedby70%,andin1979byalmost30%.51.Themainreasonforthelatestriseofoilpriceis.［A］globalinflation.［B］reductioninsupply.［C］fastgrowthineconomy.［D］Iraq'ssuspensionofexports.52.Itcanbeinferredfromthetextthattheretailpriceofpetrolwillgoupdramaticallyif.［A］priceofcruderises.［B］commoditypricesrise.［C］consumptionrises.［D］oiltaxesrise.53.TheestimatesinEconomicOutlookshowthatinrichcountries.［A］heavyindustrybecomesmoreenergy-intensive.［B］incomelossmainlyresultsfromfluctuatingcrudeoilprices.［C］manufacturingindustryhasbeenseriouslysqueezed.［D］oilpricechangeshavenosignificantiMPActonGDP.54.Wecandrawaconclusionfromthetextthat.［A］oil-priceshocksarelessshockingnow.［B］inflationseemsirrelevanttooil-priceshocks.［C］energyconservationcankeepdowntheoilprices.［D］thepriceriseofcrudeleadstotheshrinkingofheavyindustry.55.Fromthetextwecanseethatthewriterseems.［A］optimistic.［B］sensitive.［C］gloomy.［D］scared.Text4TheSupremeCourt'sdecisionsonphysician-assistedsuicidecarryimportantimplicationsforhowmedicineseekstorelievedyingpatientsofpainandsuffering.Althoughitruledthatthereisnoconstitutionalrighttophysician-assistedsuicide,theCourtineffectsupportedthemedicalprincipleof“doubleeffect,"acenturies-oldmoralprincipleholdingthatanactionhavingtwoeffects—agoodonethatisintendedandaharmfulonethatisforeseen—ispermissibleiftheactorintendsonlythegoodeffect.Doctorshaveusedthatprincipleinrecentyearstojustifyusinghighdosesofmorphinetocontrolterminallyillpatients'pain,eventhoughincreasingdosageswilleventuallykillthepatient.NancyDubler,directorofMontefioreMedicalCenter,contendsthattheprinciplewillshielddoctorswho“untilnowhavevery,verystronglyinsistedthattheycouldnotgivepatientssufficientmediationtocontroltheirpainifthatmighthastendeath."GeorgeAnnas,chairofthehealthlawdepartmentatBostonUniversity,maintainsthat,aslongasadoctorprescribesadrugforalegitimatemedicalpurpose,thedoctorhasdonenothingillegalevenifthepatientusesthedrugtohastendeath.“It'slikesurgery,"hesays.“Wedon'tcallthosedeathshomicidesbecausethedoctorsdidn'tintendtokilltheirpatients,althoughtheyriskedtheirdeath.Ifyou'reaphysician,youcanriskyourpatient'ssuicideaslongasyoudon'tintendtheirsuicide."Onanotherlevel,manyinthemedicalcommunityacknowledgethattheassisted-suicidedebatehasbeenfueledinpartbythedespairofpatientsforwhommodernmedicinehasprolongedthephysicalagonyofdying.JustthreeweeksbeforetheCourt'srulingonphysician-assistedsuicide,theNationalAcademyofScience(NAS)releasedatwo-volumereport,ApproachingDeath:ImprovingCareattheEndofLife.Itidentifiestheundertreatmentofpainandtheaggressiveuseof“ineffectualandforcedmedicalproceduresthatmayprolongandevendishonortheperiodofdying"asthetwinproblemsofend-of-lifecare.Theprofessionistakingstepstorequireyoungdoctorstotraininhospices,totestknowledgeofaggressivepainmanagementtherapies,todevelopaMedicarebillingcodeforhospital-basedcare,andtodevelopnewstandardsforassessingandtreatingpainattheendoflife.Annassayslawyerscanplayakeyroleininsistingthatthesewell-meaningmedicalinitiativestranslateintobettercare.“Largenumbersofphysiciansseemunconcernedwiththepaintheirpatientsareneedlesslyandpredictablysuffering,"totheextentthatitconstitutes“systematicpatientabuse."Hesaysmedicallicensingboards“mustmakeitclear…thatpainfuldeathsarepresumptivelyonesthatareincompetentlymanagedandshouldresultinlicensesuspension."56.Fromthefirstthreeparagraphs,welearnthat.［A］doctorsusedtoincreasedrugdosagestocontroltheirpatients'pain.［B］itisstillillegalfordoctorstohelpthedyingendtheirlives.［C］theSupremeCourtstronglyopposesphysician-assistedsuicide.［D］patientshavenoconstitutionalrighttocommitsuicide.57.Whichofthefollowingstatementsitstrueaccordingtothetext?［A］Doctorswillbeheldguiltyiftheyrisktheirpatients'death.［B］Modernmedicinehasassistedterminallyillpatientsinpainlessrecovery.［C］TheCourtruledthathigh-dosagepain-relievingmedicationcanbeprescribed.［D］Adoctor'smedicationisnolongerjustifiedbyhisintentions.58.AccordingtotheNAS'sreport,oneoftheproblemsinend-of-lifecareis.［A］prolongedmedicalprocedures.［B］inadequatetreatmentofpain.［C］systematicdrugabuse.［D］insufficienthospitalcare.59.Whichofthefollowingbestdefinestheword“aggressive"(line3,paragraph7)?［A］Bold.［B］Harmful.［C］Careless.［D］Desperate.60.GeorgeAnnaswouldprobablyagreethatdoctorsshouldbepunishedifthey.［A］managetheirpatientsincompetently.［B］givepatientsmoremedicinethanneeded.［C］reducedrugdosagesfortheirpatients.［D］prolongtheneedlesssufferingofthepatients.PartBDirections:ReadthefollowingtextcarefullyandthentranslatetheunderlinedsegmentsintoChinese.YourtranslationshouldbewrittenclearlyonANSWERSHEET2.(10points)Almostallourmajorproblemsinvolvehumanbehavior,andtheycannotbesolvedbyphysicalandbiologicaltechnologyalone.Whatisneededisatechnologyofbehavior,butwehavebeenslowtodevelopthesciencefromwhichsuchatechnologymightbedrawn.61)Onedifficultyisthatalmostallofwhatiscalledbehavioralsciencecontinuestotracebehaviortostatesofmind,feelings,traitsofcharacter,humannature,andsoon.Physicsandbiologyoncefollowedsimilarpracticesandadvancedonlywhentheydiscardedthem.62)Thebehavioralscienceshavebeenslowtochangepartlybecausetheexplanatoryitemsoftenseemtobedirectlyobservedandpartlybecauseotherkindsofexplanationshavebeenhard