2024年GMAT语法知识点总结

語法知识點總結：1.句子构造：A.run-onSVO,andSVO,andSVO.對的SV,V,andV.對的FANBOYS(for,and,nor,but,or,yet,so)B.主谓一致C.缺乏主谓宾（主句和從句）D.從句省略：AlthoughSVO,SVO從句的S省略：条件主從句的主語相似；從句谓語中有be動詞，也可以省略Although(heis)fat,hestilleatsalot.When(hewas)walkingbackhome,hecameacrossadog.考點：主語還原後发現意思不和逻辑E.倒装句判断的措施：。。。。Alongsidethetrailonwhichweridebikeeverymorningrunsalineofruggedoldoaktrees.2.平行构造：A.平行配搭：规定绝對的平行notonly...butalso...;not...but...(not)somuch....as....neither...nor...either...or...B.功能相似的成分才可以平行：Doing...anddone....,SVO.doing和done都是定語，修饰主語Ibelievethat....andthat....功能相似的從句C.and,but,or平行標志詞，前後构造一定相似(OG13-40題)doinganddoing;todoandtodo;asif...andasif3比较构造：A.比较搭配：thesame...as...;morethan...;as...as...;like/unlike/differentfromB.比较從句：than;as...as...IamtallerthanLiLei(is)Iwalkasfastas(Idid)whenIwasyounger.主從句句式绝對対称；比较對象對等be動詞可省可不省；倒装；什么相似省略什么C.IloveLiLeimorethanHanmeimei.IloveLiLeimorethanIloveHanmeimeiIloveLiLeimorethanHanmeimeidoes省略後不能有歧义（主句裏面有名詞宾語的時候，從句一定不能只跟一种名詞。）D.that/thoseit/theyTheairofBeijingisdrierthanthatofShanghai.that指代的是air這個概念，不過不一样所属it指代的是前面实实在在出現的那個名詞E.Belikelytodosth（OG13-108）AbemorelikelythanBtodosth/AbemorelikelytodosththanB(be)AbeaslikelyasBtodosth/AbeaslikelytodosthasB(be)4.固定搭配（Manhattan語法）5.修饰從句：1.名詞性從句（同位語從句，主語從句，表語從句，宾語從句）2.形容詞性從句（定語從句）3.副詞性從句（時间状語從句，地點状語從句，原因状語從句）when;while;because;so..that;although;where...........B.done/doingDone...,SVOS是done的動作承受者BroughttotheUStoreceiveeducation,LiLei.....SVO,donedone就近修饰前面的O（有無逗号状况同样）Ilovethepen,boughtbymyMumyesterday.Done在句子當中，也是就近修饰前面的名詞。Iatethechocolate,madeinUS,andtheegg.Doing,SVOS是動作发出者Walkingbackhome,Iboughtacarmodel.SVO,doing伴随状語doing修饰S,VIwalkedonthestage,smilingatthestudents.成果状語doing修饰前面整句话Thebulletenteredhisbrain,resultinghisdeath.S,doing,VOdoing在句子當中的時候（doing前面有逗号），做状語，修饰主語(OG13-25)Ndoingdoing就近修饰前面的名詞（不能有任何逗号，除了including）（OG13-40）Amanstandingbythetreeissmoking.C.havingdone构造（OG13-70題C选项）只能做状語才對，不能做定語D.夹心修饰(OG13-104題)M1,M2,SVOS,M1,M2,VOM2:doing/done/介短修饰方向不确定，錯M2:which定從只能往前修饰，對E介詞短語在句末，注意修饰也許有歧义(OG13-126；OG13-115C选项)Istabbedahooliganwithaknife.有歧义F同位語修饰（GMAT喜欢的构造）1)．名詞性同位Computersarebecomingfaster,morepowerful,andmorereliable,andsotooaremodems,thedevicesthatallowtwoormorecomputerstoshareinformationoverregulartelephoneline.2).同位語從句AristotlehasatheorythatEarthisround.3).概括性同位AristotlebelievesthatEarthisround,atheoryaffectingeveryone.4.反复性同位（OG13-102）Bystudyingtheprimitivevisualsystemsofsingle-cellaquaticorganisms,biophysicistshavediscoveredastrikingsimilaritybetweenalgaeandcows,asimilaritythatindicatesthecommonevolutionaryoriginofplantsandanimals:bothalgaeandcowsproducealight-sensitiveproteincalledrhodopsin.5.代詞替代性同位AstronomersatthePalomarObservatoryhavediscoveredadistantsupernovaexplosion,onetheybelievetobeofatypepreviouslyunknowntoscience.F.独立主格作用：解释阐明前面的句子形式：S+adj/N/doing/done/介短Therearealotofvendorsandbeggars,manyofthemcrying/manyofthemhappy/theyhappyfromruralareas/manychildren/manyofthemreadytowintheheartsofpassers-byG.AofB,NAofB,which（OG13-19/47題）N/which既可以修饰A，又可以修饰B.H.Which，引导定語從句：一般就近修饰前面的名詞，不能指代前面整句话I跳跃修饰：相對不太好的选项名詞非就近修饰的四种特殊状况：介詞短語修饰名詞時Hehadawayofdodgingopponentsthatimpressedthescouts.2.谓語非常短AnewCEOhasbeenhiredwhowilltransferthecompanybydecentralizingauthoritytovariousdivisionheadswhileincreasingtheiraccountabilitythroughtheuseofpublicscorecards.3.用逗号隔開的，非常短的插入語OursystemofPresidentialelectionsfavorsstates,suchasDelaware,thatbypopulationareover-representedintheElectoralCollege.4.平行构造的修饰語IwanttoretiretoaplacewhereIcanrelaxandwherethetaxesarelow.J.moreadjNmoredeliciousapplesmore修饰歧义錯误5時态：a完毕時和過去完毕時有無必要？b有明确時间状語的事後，時态跟時间状語走c客观事实只用一般目前時d虚拟語气：假定型虚拟語气和命令型虚拟語气假定型虚拟語气：1)對不也許事情的虚拟：ifdid/were,woulddoIfIhadatimemachine,Iwouldturnbacktime.2)對過去事情的虚拟：ifhaddone,wouldhavedoneIfIhadmarriedyou,Iwouldhaveregrettedfortherestofmylife.3)虚拟語气的倒装；IFhad/were/should的時候，可以将had/were/should提前，if省略IfIshouldbeintheoffice,Iwouldpickupthephone.=ShouldIbeintheoffice,Iwouldpickkupthephone.IfIwereintheoffice=wereIintheofficeb.命令型虚拟語气dictate,recommend,propose,suggest....這些動詞引导的宾語從句，宾語從句的谓語永遠用動詞原形WeproposethatLileimarryHanmeimei.6代詞a.thisthatthesethose不能單独做主語和宾語的，包括介詞宾語withoutthat/amongthese錯的b一句话當中同一种代詞只能指代相似名詞c.名詞处在所有格位子，不能用代詞指代father’sgift,不能用he指代father.d.主從句和并列句，主語對应指代。SVO,andSVO.AlthoughSVO,SVO.e.只要没有划线部分出現代詞，优先勾画出来，考點f.尽量不要选择有代詞的选项VAN原则動詞优于形容詞优于名詞抽象名詞优先用從句解释(OG13-70,126題)being的使用方法：一般being+短語