高考英语语法填空之词性转换类讲解

语法填空第三讲：有提示词之词性转换词性转换是语法填空的必考点。这一考点涉及到:(1)句子成分划分或句子结构分析；(2)各种词性的语法功能；(3)构词法特别是派生法

词性转换等多个知识点，是综合性较强的一道题。我们将其主要考点和必备基础归纳如下：考点1：形容词——副词

形容词后+ly可变成与原来意义相同的副词。直接加-lyslow慢的slowly缓慢地改y为-ilyhappy高兴的happily高兴地去e加-lytrue真的truly真的考点解密后缀例词后缀例词-alindustrialnational-anEuropeanAmerican-erneasternnorthern-ablereasonablebelievable-fulcarefulmouthful-ishchildishselfish-iveactivecreative-ydirtythirstywindy-engoldenwooden-aryimaginaryrevolutionary-icrealistichistoric-sometroublesomelonesome-likechildlikewomanlike-ly friendlylovely-lesscarelessharmless考点2：名词——形容词

(1)名词加不同的后缀变成形容词，常见的后缀有：(2)形容词变成名词。如：后缀例词-nesshappiness幸福illness疾病-ydifficulty困难possibility可能性-ismsocialism社会主义考点3：形容词——动词

(1)形容词可变成动词。如：en-enrich丰富enable使能够-enwiden加宽sharpen削尖shorten缩短soften软化-izeAmericanize美国化civilize使开化modernize现代化nationalize国有化-ysimplify简化某些名词后加-y可变成动词，表示“使……化”。如：beautify美化(2)动词变成形容词。如：-ouscontinuous持续的various各种各样的-able/ibledrinkable可饮用的accessible可进入的-ing/edinteresting令人感兴趣的excited兴奋的

考点4：动词—名词后缀例词-anceacceptance接受appearance出现-encereference参考existence存在-alrefusal拒绝arrival到达-tiondictation听写preparation准备-mentargument争论judgment判断考点5：名词——名词(人)后缀例词-erteacher教师reader读者officer官员farmer农夫villager村民Londoner伦敦人-orconductor售票员visitor游客-arbeggar乞丐-essactress女演员hostess女主人-eseChinese中国人Japanese日本人-ianmusician音乐家physician内科医生-istscientist科学家socialist社会主义者考点6：不变词性的前缀和后缀前缀含义例词dis-不，否定dissatisfy使不满意dishonest不诚实un-不unable不能够unlucky不幸的un-相反动作undress脱衣服unload卸货in-im-ir-il-不，非inactive不活跃的incorrect不正确的impolite不有礼貌的impossible不可能的irregular不规则的irresponsible不负责任的illogical不合逻辑的illegal非法的non-不，非non-existent不存在的non-stop直达的mis-错误的，坏的misunderstand误解misfortune厄运,不幸前缀含义例词re重复，再rewrite重写remarry再婚super-在上面，超级supermarket超市supermodel超级名模under-在……之下underestimate低估underground地下的inter-相互，之间international国际的interact相互作用semi-半semifinal（半决赛）semicircle半圆multi-多，多种multi-national多国的multi-coloured多种颜色的kilo-千kilometer千米,公里kilogram千克,公斤tele-远telephone电话television电视a-在……上/里aboard在船/火车/飞机上ahead在前面注：前缀一般只改变词义而不改变词性：

但en-也改变词性，如：large大的--enlarge扩大，danger危险--endanger危及；

后缀一般改变词性不改变词义，但-ship也不改变词性，如：leader领导--leadership领导阶层；friend朋友--friendship友谊。要正确解答高考语法填空中的词语派生题，必须弄清要填的词在句子中充当哪种句子成分，作该种成分需要哪种词类的词；然后再根据构词法将括号中的词变成所需要的词类。下表归纳了各种句子成分的概念、所处的语境和充当该句子成分的典型词类，这些是做好词语派生题的必备基础，建议同学们理解并熟记：解题技巧概念描述所处语境充当的词类主语讲的是什么人或什么事句子最前面；在冠词、形容词性物主代词，及some,any,other等后名词、代词；动名词、不定式或从句宾语动作的行为对象及物动词或介词之后；在冠词、形容词性物主代词，及some,any,other等后谓语表示主语干什么或是什么主语之后动词表语说明主语的身份、特征或状态系动词之后主要是形容词；某些名词；个别副词补语补充说明宾语或主语在宾语之后；或在被动式谓语之后定语修饰和限定名词或代词名词之前，something等代词之后形容词状语修饰动词、形容词、副词，或整个句子动词前后；形容词或副词之前；句首副词根据该词在句子所作成分确定用哪种形式。具体方法有：技巧1：作表语、定语或补语，通常用形容词形式。Theyoungsterimmediatelyfell________(silence)astearsflewdownfromhisbigblueeyes.解析：因在系动词felt后作表语，用形容词，故填silent。

Ina________(danger)partoftheseaoffthecoastofNewZealand,theylearntto…解析：在冠词与名词之间，要用形容词，作定语，故填dangerous。

考点分析Teachersmusttrytheirbesttomakemostoftheirstudents________(interest)inthesubject解析：因所填词在句中作宾语mostoftheirstudents的补足语，用形容词；表示”感兴趣的”，填interested。考点分析1.Inthislecture,Icanonlygiveyouapurely___________(person)viewofhowwecanlivelifetothefullandmakesomesuggestionsaboutthefuture.2.IfIfindsomeonewholookslikethesuspect,my___________(immediately)reactionwillbetotellthepolice.personal

immediate

巩固练习技巧2：作主语、在及物动词或介词后作宾语，用名词形式；在形容词性物主代词后，或者在”冠词(+形容词)”后，用名词形式。要注意名词是否用复数形式。如：考点分析1.Alwaysreadthe______________(instruct)onthebottlecarefullyandtaketherightamountofmedicine.2.Onthesevendaysinaweek,Saturdayissaidtobethemostpopular_________(choose)foraweddinginsomecountries.3.Wetake_________(proud)intheprosperityofourcountry.instructions

choice

pride

巩固练习4.…theremainsdatefromthisperiodbecauseoftheir_______(similar)tothosefoundelsewhere.5.…instructorsexpectstudentstobefamiliarwith________(inform)inthereading…similarities

information

巩固练习技巧3：修饰动词、形容词、副词，或整个句子，作状语，用副词形式。如：1．Volunteeringisbecoming_________(increase)popularinChina.2．Iwasn’tblaminganyone;I______(mere)saiderrorslikethiscouldbeavoided.increasingly

merely

考点分析3.Theislandis______(equal)attractiveinspringandautumnbecauseofthepleasantweatherinbothseasons.4.Doyouthinkshoppingonlinewill________(final)taketheplaceofshoppinginstores?equally

finally

巩固练习技巧4：括号中所给词有可能是要求词义转换，词类不一定要变，主要是考查具有与词根意义相反的派生词，需根据句子意思及前后逻辑关系，在词根前加un-,im-等，在词根后加-less等。如：考点分析1.Withthetimegoingby,hewasincreasingconcernedthathisaimwas_____(hope)toachieve.2._____________(fortunate),whenhehurriedtothestation,hefoundthetrainhadleftfiveminutes.hopeless

Unfortunately巩固练习技巧5：括号中所给动词也不一定是考动词的时态语态或非谓语动词，而是考词类转换；若是形容词或副词，有可能是考查其比较等级。如：考点分析1…therewasalotofinformationaboutthecity’swell-knowntourist_________(attract)…2Theotherfrogwentonjumpingashardashecould…Hejumpedeven______(hard)andfinallymadehimselfout.3.Mr.Blackisveryhappybecausetheclothesmadeinhisfactoryhaveneverbeen______________(popular).more

popularattractions

harder

巩固练习4.Stormswhichproducedatleast13tornadoessweptalongNewMexico’sborderwithTexasonFriday,destroyinghomesandotherbuildingsandinjuringatleast16people,severalcritically,authoritiessaid.The________(bad)damagewasreportedinthetownsofLoganandClovis,whichareabout80milesapart,policesaid.worst

巩固练习综合练习：根据以上技巧完成下面的语法填空综合练习语篇填空：阅读下列短文，按照句子结构的语法性，用括号中所给词语的适当形式填空。(A)Afathersatathisdesklookingatandcarefullystudyinghis[1]____________(month)billswhenhisyoungsonrushedinandannounced,“Dad,becausethisisyourbirthdayandyou’re55yearsold,I’mgoingtogiveyou55kisses,oneforeachyear!”Butthefatherexclaimed,“Oh,Andrew,don’tdoitnow;I’mtoobusy!”monthly综合练习Theyoungsterimmediatelyfell[2]________(silence)astearsflewdownfromhisbigblueeyes.[3]_____________(apology)thefathersaid,“Youcanfinishlater.”Theboysaidnothingbut[4]________(quiet)walkedaway,[5]________________(disappoint)writtenoverhisface.Thateveningthefathersaid,“Comeandfinishthekissesnow,Andrew!”Buttheboydidn’trespond.[6]_______________(fortunate),theboyhadanaccidentandwasdrowned.Hisheartbrokenfatherwrote...silentApologicallyquietlydisappointmentUnfortunately“IfonlyIcouldtellhimhowmuchIregretmy[7]____________(thought)words,andcouldbeassuredthatheknowshowmuchmyheartisaching.”…Loveisatwo-waystreet.Anylovingactmustbe[8]________(warm)acceptedoritwillbetakenas[9]__________(reject)andcanleaveascar.Nothingismore[10]__________(importance)thanrespondingwithlovetothecryforlovefromthosewhoarenearandprecioustous.Because...theremaybenochanceatallasinthecaseofthelittleboy...thoughtlesswarmlyrejectionimportant粗心的相互的(B)TheEdinburghInternationalFestivalisoverfiftyyearsoldandhasearneditsreputationasoneoftheworld’sgreatest[1]________________(celebrate)ofthearts.The[2]____________(found)oftheFestivalbelievedthattheFestivalprogrammesshouldbeofthehighestpossibleartisticstandardpresentedbythebest[3]________(art)intheworld,thattheFestivalshouldenliven(使活跃)and[4]________(rich)theculturallifeofEurope,BritainandScotlandandthatitshouldprovideaperiodoffloweringofthehumanspirit.celebrationsfoundersartistsenrich综合练习TheEdinburghInternationalFestivalhasdeveloped[5]_______________(significance)overtheyears,yetthefounders’[6]___________(origin)intentionsarecloselyreflectedinthecurrentaimsandobjectives.significantlyoriginalEachyearduringthesummermonthsEdinburghbecomestheworld’sFestivalCity.Itisthehugerangeandnumberofartisticevents,[7]_______________(perform)andexhibitionshappeningthroughoutthecitywhichmakesEdinburgh[8]________________(forget).Itmakesyoufeelthatthereisalwayssomethingelsehappeningaroundthecornerwhichyouare[9]__________(miss).Thisis[10]________(evitable可以避免的)partofthejoyoftheFestival.performancesunforgettablemissinginevitableThe______(die)ofcomposerWolfgangAmadeusMozartattheageof35mayhavebeencausedbycomplicationsstemmingfromstrepthroat,accordingtoaDutchstudypublishedonMonday.Sincethe___________(compose)deathin1791,therehavebeen______(vary)theoriesaboutthecauseofhis______(time)end,fromintentionalpoisoning,torheumaticfever,totrichinosis,aparasiticdiseasecausedbyeatingraworundercookedpork.death

composer’s

various