湘桂黔2022-2023学年高二下学期名校大联考英语试卷（解析版）

高级中学名校试卷PAGEPAGE1湘桂黔2022-2023学年高二下学期名校大联考英语试卷第一部分听力(共两节，满分30分)第一节(共5小题;每小题1.5分，满分7.5分)听下面5段对话。每段对话后有1个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。例：Howmuchistheshirt?A．£19.5.B．£9.8.C．£9.15.1．Howdidthewomanfeelaboutherpresentation?A．Relaxed.B．Anxious.C．Confident.2．Whatdoesthewomanwanttodo?A．Enjoyaconcert.B．Returnaticket.C．Waitforabus.3．Wherearethespeakers?A．Inabank.B．AttheCustoms.C．Inalibrary.4．Whatarethespeakersmainlytalkingabout?A．Chocolate.B．Milk.C．Cookies.5．Whatwasthewomandoingwhentheearthquakehappened?A．Shewaswashingherhair.B．Shewasfeedingthedog.C．Shewascleaningthebathroom.第二节(共15小题;每小题1.5分，满分22.5分)听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给出的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。听完每段对话或独白前，你将有时间来阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟;听完后，各个小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。听第6段材料，回答第6、7题。6．Whatwillthewomandoin15minutes?A．Watchagame.B．Drivetothestadium.C．Attendameeting.7．Whoistheman?A．Apoliceofficer.B．Ataxidriver.C．Abaseballplayer.听第7段材料，回答第8到10题。8．Whathappenedtotheman?A．Helockedhimselfout.B．Hishousewasbrokeninto.C．Hesawsomethieves.9．Whatisthewomangoingtodonext?A．Talktoothers.B．Askmorequestions.C．Lookaroundtheman’shouse.10．Whatcanwelearnfromtheconversation?A．Themandidn’topenthewindowsonFridaynight.B．Themanisn’tsureifhelockedthefrontdoor.C．Themannoticedsomethingimportant.听第8段材料，回答第11至13题。11．Whenisthemanleaving?A．Inaboutaweek.B．Inaboutamonth.C．Inacoupleofmonths.12．WhyisthemangoingbacktoNewYork?A．Tovisitafriend.B．Togosightseeing.C．Toworkonaproject.13．Whatdoesthemanoffertodo?A．ShowthewomanaroundNewYork.B．Lookafterthewoman’sfamily.C．Findajobforthewoman.听第9段材料，回答第14至17题。14．Whendoestheconversationtakeplace?A．OnSunday.B．OnTuesday.C．OnMonday.15．Howlongdoesatouroftheundergroundpassagetake?A．Fifteenminutes.B．Forty-fiveminutes.C．Anhour.16．Whatistheman’strouble?A．Hecan’twalktoomuch.B．Hemustwaitinalongqueue.C．Heisn’tabletospareenoughtime.17．Whatdoesthemandecidetodointheend?A．Bookaticketinadvance.B．GiveupthetriptoCatacombs.C．Touraroundonasightseeingbus.听第10段材料，回答第18至20题。18．Wheredidthespeakerfindhisfirstjob?A．Inanartstudio.B．Inafurnitureshop.C．Inanartschool.19．Whendidthespeaker’swebsitebecomepopular?A．Afterafewofhisworksweresoldtoasportsman.B．Afterhewasinterviewedbyanationalnewspaper.C．Afterareviewermadecommentsabouthisworks.20．Whatdoesthespeakerlikedoingattheweekend?A．Hillwalking.B．Cycling.C．Running.第二部分阅读理解(共两节，满分50分)第一节(共15小题;每小题2.5分，满分37.5分)阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项(A、B、C、D)中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。ACBD(大麻二酚)hashittheheadlines,takenthecountrybystorm,andhaseveryoneconsideringaddingittotheirdrinks.ButtheFDAhasonlyapproveditforuseintreatingepilepsy(癫痫)—aseriousmedicalcondition—inchildren.WhatisCBD,anyway?CanCBDhelpmeloseweight?HowmuchCBDdoIneedtotaketohelpmycondition?WhatdoIlookforwhenbuyingCBD?TheEssentialGuidetoCBDwillanswerallofthesequestionsandmanymore.WritteninpartbytheexpertsatProjectCBD,thebookwillseparatefactfromfiction.HOTTOPIC:CBDsuddenlyseemstobeeverywhereandissaidtobeabletohelpeverythingfromsleeplessnesstophysicalpaintoheartproblems.Butmisinformationiswidespread,andthere’saneedforanauthoritativeexperttocutthroughtheconfusionanddescribewhatresearchhasactuallyshown.TRUSTEDAUTHOURITY:ReaderstrustReader’sDigesttogettherealfactsandexplaintheminabriefandstraightforwardway.Here,Reader’sDigesthaspartneredwiththeeditorsofProjectCBD,whohavebeentrackingtheresearchbeingdoneintoCBD.PRACTICALGUIDE:ThebookwillnotonlyexplainwhatCBDcanactuallyhelpwith,butwilltellyouwheretobuyitlegally,whattolookforwhenyoubuy,andhowmuchtotake.REAL-PERSONSTRORIES:Thebookwillincludefirst-personstatementsfromrealpeoplewhohavetriedCBDfordifferentillnesses.1.WhatcanwelearnfromtheHOTTOPICpart?A.CBDhaslimitedmedicaluse. B.CBDisappliedinmanyfields.C.ManypeopleareignorantofCBD. D.FewpeoplearecautiousaboutCBD.2.WhatisthefeatureofTheEssentialGuidetoCBD?A.Itenjoyshighpopularityworldwide. B.Itincludesrealuserexperience.C.ItcoversthelatestresearchonCBD. D.It’swrittenbyexpertsatProjectCBD.3.Whydoestheauthorwritethistext?A.TointroducesomeknowledgeofCBD. B.ToexplaindifferenteffectsofCBD.C.ToadvertiseabookconcerningCBD. D.ToclarifymisinformationaboutCBD.〖答案〗1.C2.B3.C【语篇解读】本文是一篇应用文。文章主要向读者推荐了一本书——TheEssentialGuidetoCBD，让他们对大麻二酚有科学的了解，从而消除他们对大麻二酚的误解。【1题详析】推理判断题。根据HOTTOPIC部分中的“Butmisinformationiswidespread,andthere’saneedforanauthoritativeexperttocutthroughtheconfusionanddescribewhatresearchhasactuallyshown.”（但错误信息广泛传播，需要一位权威专家来消除混淆，描述研究的真实结果。）可推知，很多人缺乏对大麻二酚的正确认识，他们在这方面缺乏知识，故选C。【2题详析】细节理解题。根据最后一段中“Thebookwillincludefirst-personstatementsfromrealpeoplewhohavetriedCBDfordifferentillnesses.”（本书将收录那些尝试使用CBD治疗不同疾病的真实人物的第一人称陈述。）可知，TheEssentialGuidetoCBD这本书提供了真实的用户体验，故选B。【3题详析】推理判断题。通读全文，尤其是第二段中“TheEssentialGuidetoCBDwillanswerallofthesequestionsandmanymore.WritteninpartbytheexpertsatProjectCBD,thebookwillseparatefactfromfiction.”（《CBD基本指南》将解答所有这些问题，甚至更多。本书由ProjectCBD的专家撰写，将事实与虚构区分开来。）可知，本文主要介绍了TheEssentialGuidetoCBD这本书的相关内容，背景和主题等，由此可推知，作者的写着目的是介绍这本书，为这本书做广告，故选C。BOnceItoldsomeoneIwantedtogetamaster’sdegreeoffineartsincreativewritingandtheytoldmeitwasthesecond-to-worstpost-graduationplanthey’deverheardfromastudent.Artsdegrees—especiallyfineartsdegrees,whichusuallycomeintheformofmusic,studioart,creativewritingandtheater—havebeen,overtheyears,labeleduseless.It’struethatforthemostpart,STEMdegreesleadtohigherpayingjobsthanliberalandfineartsdegrees,andit’sunderstandablewhyyoungpeoplecareaboutahigherstartingsalaryandfinancialsecurity.Studentloandebtisplayingaroleinthephysicalandmentalstressofyoungpeople.AndwhileSTEMmajorsusuallyhavestartingsalariesthatare$20,000higherthanthoseofliberalartsmajors,bythetimepeoplereachtheageof40,thesalariesbetweenthosewhomajoredintheliberalartsandthosewhomajoredinSTEMarevirtuallythesame.Forexample,womenwhomajorinSTEMearnednearly50%morethansocialscienceandhistorymajorsatages23-25,butonly10%morebyages38-40,aNewYorkTimesanalysisreported.Soevenintermsofsalary,whichdoesn’tsolelydeterminewhetherornotadegreeisuseful,liberalartsdegreesaren’tallthatfarbehindSTEM.Itseemstoothatsincepeoplenowadaysaregoingtohavetoworklonger,it’smoreimportantthaneverthatweactuallylikeandcareaboutwhatwe’redoing.Pursuingsomethingenjoyable,orelseapassion,iscontinuouslyfoundtobeakeyfactorinmaintaininghealthyrelationships,mentalhealth,physicalhealthandenergy.Inotherwords,notuseless.Artisalsoamethodofcommunication.Itallowspeoplefromdifferentbackgrounds,fromdifferentwalksoflifetocommunicatewitheachother.Inaworldwherebordersanddivisionseemtobeallovertheplace,weneedartmorethanever.Weneedliberalartsmajors.Andmorethananything,weneedtobeabletopursuewhatwelovewithconfidence,andweneedtonotgetcaughtupinthe“usefulness”ofwhatwelove.Andjustbecausesomeone’sprimaryjobisn’tintheirfieldofstudy—awriterwhoteacheshighschoolforexample—doesn’tmakethedegreeuseless.Itjustmeansthattheirwayoffindingastableincomeisdifferent.Thesamegoesforartistswhohavetoworkmultiplejobstosupportthemselves.Theymighthavetofindothermeansofsupportingthemselvesandtheirartistry.Itmightbecopyeditingoritmightbetutoring.SoIamgoingtograduateschool,andIamgoingtograduateschoolforwriting.Imightbepayingrentbywayofovernightrestaurantshifts—there’ssomuchI’mnotsureof.ButonethingIamsureofisthis—Iwouldratherbeawriterworkingtwojobstopaymybillsthanbenowriteratall.4.ANewYorkTimesanalysisreportismentionedinParagraph3to______.A.analysethepotentialvalueofdifferentmajorsB.putforwardtheopiniononmajorsbyexampleC.provetheargumentagainstartsdegreeswrongD.demonstratethelinkbetweenmajorsandincomes5.Whydoestheauthorthinklearningartsisuseful?A.Followingone’sdreamofartskeepsoneingoodcondition.B.Doingwhatonelovesbuildsupone’sself-confidenceinarts.C.Masteringartsimprovesone’sunderstandingofdifferentjobs.D.Developingaloveforartshelpsonemaintainpassionforwork.6.Theauthorthinksthatdoingmultiplejobsis_______.A.unavoidable B.commonC.traditional D.acceptable7.Whatcanweinferfromthepassage?A.Studentslearningartsaremoreconcernedaboutthevalueoflife.B.Peopletendtoplaceincomeinthefirstplacewhenchoosingmajors.C.Themanwhodoesn’tlovehisworkwon’tstickwiththejobforlong.D.Graduatescanfindabroaderspaceofdevelopmentinthefieldofarts.〖答案〗4.C5.A6.D7.B【语篇解读】这是一篇议论文。文章中作者主要议论了艺术学位是否是无用的问题，作者认为薪水并不能完全决定一个学位是否有用，学习艺术是有用的，是因为追求艺术梦想能使人保持良好状态。作者还指出仅仅因为一个人的主要工作不是在他们的研究领域——例如，一个在高中教书的作家——并不会使学位毫无用处。【4题详析】推理判断题。根据第三段中Soevenintermsofsalary,whichdoesn’tsolelydeterminewhetherornotadegreeisuseful,liberalartsdegreesaren’tallthatfarbehindSTEM.可知因此，即使就薪水而言，文科学位也不比STEM差那么多。薪水并不能完全决定一个学位是否有用。由此可推知，在第三段提到了一篇《纽约时报》分析报告，是为了证明反对艺术学位的论点是错误的。故选C。【5题详析】细节理解题。根据第四段中Pursuingsomethingenjoyable,orelseapassion,iscontinuouslyfoundtobeakeyfactorinmaintaininghealthyrelationships,mentalhealth,physicalhealthandenergy.Inotherwords,notuseless.可知人们不断发现，追求愉快的事情，或者激情，是维持健康人际关系、心理健康、身体健康和精力的关键因素。换句话说，不是没用的。由此可知，作者认为学习艺术是有用的，是因为追求艺术梦想能使人保持良好状态。故选A。【6题详析】推理判断题。根据倒数第二段中Thesamegoesforartistswhohavetoworkmultiplejobstosupportthemselves.Theymighthavetofindothermeansofsupportingthemselvesandtheirartistry.Itmightbecopyeditingoritmightbetutoring.可知同样的道理也适用于那些为了养活自己而不得不做多份工作的艺术家们。他们可能不得不寻找其他的方式来养活自己和自己的艺术才华。可能是编辑稿件，也可能是辅导。由此可推知，作者认为做多份工作是可以接受的。故选D。【7题详析】推理判断题。根据第二段中It’struethatforthemostpart,STEMdegreesleadtohigherpayingjobsthanliberalandfineartsdegrees,andit’sunderstandablewhyyoungpeoplecareaboutahigherstartingsalaryandfinancialsecurity.可知的确，在大多数情况下，STEM学位比文科和美术学位能找到薪水更高的工作，所以年轻人关心起薪更高和经济保障也是可以理解的。由此可推知，人们在选择专业时往往把收入放在第一位。故选B。CIalwaystoldmychildrenthattheyweresmartallthetime.Especiallyinthefirstyearsoftheirlife,theirrapidacquisitionofskillsandlanguagefeltnothingshortofmiraculous,eventhoughitcouldnotbemorecommon.IhaveaparticularlyclearmemoryofwatchingmydaughterfigureouthowtomakeaMagna-Tilehousethatwouldstanduponitsown,andthinking,“You’reatinyarchitecturalgenius.Momisproudofyou.”Butsomeresearchrecommendsthatwenottellourchildrenthey’re“smart”whentheydoimpressivethings.WhenIfirstheardit,Iinstinctivelydisagreed.Butafterdoingin-depthresearch,Iwaspersuaded.Itallgoesbackto“growthmindset”,whichholdstheconceptthatyoucanchangeyourabilitiesthrougheffortandstrategy.Thealternativetoagrowthmindsetisa“fixedmindset”—theideathatyourabilitiesareinbornandcan’tbechanged.Whenwepraiseourchildrenforbeing“smart”basedontriumphs,likesolvingaproblemordoingwellonatest.we’reunconsciouslyencouragingthemtobelievethatiftheydopoorlyormakemistakes,they’renotsmart.Andit’snotjustwhatwesayaboutourchildren’striumphsthatmatters—it’showwetoleratetheirsetbacks.AstudyledbyKylaHaimovits,PhD,showsifparentsthinkthatfailureisshameful,theirchildrenaremorelikelytobederailedbymistakes.Butit’ssubtle.Forexample,Dr.Haimovitzexplains,yourchildrenmaybestrugglingwithearlymathconceptsandyoumaysaysomethinglike“Noteveryoneneedstobegoodatnumbers”asawaytocomfortthem.Butwhatyou’rereallydoingisimplyingthattheirmathabilitiesarealreadyset,andunchangeable.Whateveryousaytoyourkids,it’saboutgettingthemcomfortablewithfailures,bigandsmall.HerearesometipsfromDr.Haimovitz.Onewayistopraisekids’effortratherthantheirintelligence.AsDr.Haimovitzpointedout,ifwepraiseakidforaschoolprojecthefinishedinfiveminutes,hewouldknowourpraiseisempty.Instead,wecanaskhimquestionsabouthowhedidit,whichcanhelpusknowhowtopraisefutureefforts.Also,wecantalkaboutourmistakes.Wedon’thavetodenywehavenegativeemotionalreactions.Butifwehighlightourmisstepsandexplainhowwepersevered,ourchildrencanlearntodothesame.8.Whatdidtheauthortendtodoinparenting?A.Shetriedtodevelopherkids’intelligence.B.Shealwayssparedtimetoaccompanyherkids.C.Sheoftengaveencouragementandsupporttoherkids.D.Shetaughtherkidsnottobeafraidofmakingmistakes.9.Whyshouldn’tparentsalwayspraisechildrenfortheirintelligence?A.Becauseitwouldmakechildrenunwillingtotryharder.B.Becausechildrenwouldbeimpatientofhearingcompliments.C.Becausechildrenwouldbecomeoverconfidentafterbeingpraised.D.Becauseitwouldmakechildrendoubtthemselveswhentheydowrong.10.Whichcanbestreplacetheunderlinedword“derailed”inparagraph3?A.Trapped. B.Received. C.Seized. D.Alerted.11.WhichofthefollowingdoesDr.Haimovitzsuggestparentsdo?A.Figureoutasolutiontogetherwithkids. B.Focusonkids’processofcompletingatask.C.Getkidsengagedineducationalactivities. D.Trytoavoidexpressingnegativeemotions.〖答案〗8.C9.D10.A11.B【语篇解读】这是一篇说明文。研究发现表扬孩子可能造成不好的结果。对于孩子的优秀表现，家长应该肯定他的努力付出得到了回报，而非夸赞他的聪明。【8题详析】推理判断题。根据第一段“Ialwaystoldmychildrenthattheyweresmartallthetime.Especiallyinthefirstyearsoftheirlife,theirrapidacquisitionofskillsandlanguagefeltnothingshortofmiraculous,eventhoughitcouldnotbemorecommon.IhaveaparticularlyclearmemoryofwatchingmydaughterfigureouthowtomakeaMagna-Tilehousethatwouldstanduponitsown,andthinking,“You’reatinyarchitecturalgenius.Momisproudofyou.””（我总是告诉我的孩子们，他们很聪明。尤其是在他们生命的最初几年，他们对技能和语言的快速掌握简直是奇迹，尽管这种情况再普遍不过了。我还特别清楚地记得，看着我的女儿弄清楚如何做一个可以自己站立的大瓦房，我想，“你是一个小小的建筑天才。妈妈为你感到骄傲。”）可知，作者从不吝惜对孩子们的称赞和表扬，在育儿方面采取的是鼓励和支持的方法。故选C项。【9题详析】推理判断题。根据第二段最后两句“Whenwepraiseourchildrenforbeing“smart”basedontriumphs,likesolvingaproblemordoingwellonatest.we’reunconsciouslyencouragingthemtobelievethatiftheydopoorlyormakemistakes,they’renotsmart.”（当我们基于成功而称赞孩子“聪明”时，比如解决了一个问题或在考试中取得了好成绩。我们无意识地鼓励他们相信，如果他们做得不好或犯了错误，他们就不聪明。）可知，称赞孩子“聪明”会使孩子在犯了错或做得不好时怀疑自己不够聪明，这就是父母不应该总是称赞孩子的聪明的原因。故选D项。【10题详析】词句猜测题。根据第三段第二句“AstudyledbyKylaHaimovits,PhD,showsifparentsthinkthatfailureisshameful,theirchildrenaremorelikelytobederailedbymistakes.”（凯拉·海莫维茨博士领导的一项研究表明，如果父母认为失败是可耻的，他们的孩子就更有可能被错误……。）并结合后文例子“Forexample,Dr.Haimovitzexplains,yourchildrenmaybestrugglingwithearlymathconceptsandyoumaysaysomethinglike“Noteveryoneneedstobegoodatnumbers”asawaytocomfortthem.Butwhatyou’rereallydoingisimplyingthattheirmathabilitiesarealreadyset,andunchangeable.”（例如，海莫维茨博士解释说，你的孩子可能对早期的数学概念感到困惑，你可能会说“不是每个人都需要擅长数字”这样的话来安慰他们。但你实际上是在暗示他们的数学能力是固定的，不可改变的。）可知，父母对待失败的错误方式会对孩子产生消极的暗示，说明如果父母认为失败是可耻的，那孩子们对待失败的态度也不会积极，会消极的看待失败，更可能会困在失败和错误之中，无法迎难而上。故推测derailed应表示“阻挠”，与trapped“受困，使受限”含义一致。故选A项。【11题详析】细节理解题。根据最后一段前三句“Onewayistopraisekids’effortratherthantheirintelligence.AsDr.Haimovitzpointedout,ifwepraiseakidforaschoolprojecthefinishedinfiveminutes,hewouldknowourpraiseisempty.Instead,wecanaskhimquestionsabouthowhedidit,whichcanhelpusknowhowtopraisefutureefforts.”（一种方法是表扬孩子的努力，而不是他们的智力。正如海莫维茨博士指出的那样，如果我们表扬一个孩子在五分钟内完成了一项学校作业，他会知道我们的表扬是空洞的。相反，我们可以问他是如何做到的，这可以帮助我们知道如何赞扬未来的努力。）可知，海莫维茨博士建议我们要表扬孩子为了完成任务付出的努力，而不是他们的智力。他认为可以通过关注孩子完成任务的过程而不是空洞地表扬任务完成的结果来肯定孩子的表现。故选B项。DAnalmostlimitlesssupplyoffreshwaterexistsintheformoftinydropsaboveEarth’soceans,yetremainsundeveloped,researcherssaid.AnewstudyfromtheUniversityofIllinoisUrbana-Champaignisthefirsttosuggestaninvestmentinanewstructureabletoharvestoceanicwatervapor(蒸气)asasolutiontolimitedsuppliesoffreshwaterinvariousplacesaroundtheworld.Previouswastewaterrecycling,cloudseedinganddesalination(海水脱盐)techniqueshavemetwithonlylimitedsuccess.Thoughbuiltinsomeareasacrosstheglobe,desalinationplantsfaceenvironmentalproblemsbecausethesaltwaterandwastewatertheycreatearefullofheavymetal.“Eventually,wewillneedtofindawaytoincreasethesupplyoffreshwaterasconservationandrecycledwaterfromexistingsources,thoughvital,willnotbeenoughtomeethumanneeds.Wethinkourmethodcandothatbetter,”civilandenvironmentalengineeringprofessorPraveenKumarsaid.Thestudyassessedthepossibilityofahypothetical(假定的)structurethatcantrapwatervaporfromabovetheoceanandtransformitintofreshwater.Theresearchersperformedatmosphericandeconomicanalysesoftheplacementofhypotheticaloffshorestructures210metersinwidthand100metersinheight.Throughtheiranalyses,theresearchersconcludedthatthismethodisworkableformanywater-stressedregionsworldwide.Oneforcefulpredictionofclimatechangeisthatdryregionswillgetdrier,andwetareaswillgetwetter.Thecurrentregionsexperiencingwatershortagewilllikelybeevendrierinthefuture,worseningtheproblem.However,theclimatepredictionshowsthattheoceanicvaporflowwillincreaseovertime,providingevenmorefreshwatersupplies.So,theideawillbeworkableunderclimatechange.Thisprovidesamuchneededandeffectiveapproachtoadaptationtoclimatechange.Thefactthatthissuggestedsolutionworkslikethenaturalwatercycleisoneofitselegantaspects.“Thedifferenceisthatwecanguidewherethewatervaporfromtheoceangoes,”professorFrancinaDominguezsaid.12.Whereisthenewtechnologydesignedtogetfreshwaterfrom?A.Thewastewater. B.Therainfall.C.Theocean. D.Theair.13.Whatisthefunctionofparagraph2?A.Addingbackgroundinformation. B.Statingeffectsoftraditionalmethods.C.Introducingwaystogetfreshwater. D.Leadinginanewtopicfordiscussion.14.Howdotheresearchersgettheirfindings?A.Byanalyzinganassumption. B.Bystudyingcausesandeffects.C.Byconductinglaboratorytests. D.Byreferringtopreviousresearch.15.Whichcanbeasuitabletitleofthetext?A.TheOcean:APotentialSourceofFreshWaterB.WastewaterRecycling:AMethodNoLongerPracticalC.ClimateChange:AContinuousThreattotheWholeWorldD.OceanVaporTrappingStructure:ASolutiontoWaterShortage〖答案〗12.D13.A14.A15.D【语篇解读】本文是说明文。文章讲述了海洋上空的水蒸气中存在着几乎无限的淡水供应，但仍未被开发。一项新研究建议收集海洋水蒸气，以解决世界多地淡水供应有限的问题。【12题详析】细节理解题。根据第一段中的“AnalmostlimitlesssupplyoffreshwaterexistsintheformoftinydropsaboveEarth’soceans,yetremainsundeveloped(地球海洋上方以微小水滴的形式存在着几乎无限的淡水供应，但尚未得到开发。)”和“AnewstudyfromtheUniversityofIllinoisUrbana-Champaignisthefirsttosuggestaninvestmentinanewstructureabletoharvestoceanicwatervapor(蒸气)asasolutiontolimitedsuppliesoffreshwaterinvariousplacesaroundtheworld.(伊利诺伊大学厄巴纳-香槟分校(UniversityofIllinoisUrbana-Champaign)的一项新研究首次建议投资一种能够收集海洋水蒸气的新结构，以解决世界各地淡水供应有限的问题。)”可知，地球海洋上空的水蒸气中存在着几乎无限的淡水供应，但仍未被开发。一项新研究首次建设投资能够收集海洋水蒸气的新结构体。由此可知，这项新技术是被用来从海洋上方的空气中获取淡水的。故选D。【13题详析】推理判断题。根据文章第二段内容“Previouswastewaterrecycling,cloudseedinganddesalination(海水脱盐)techniqueshavemetwithonlylimitedsuccess.Thoughbuiltinsomeareasacrosstheglobe,desalinationplantsfaceenvironmentalproblemsbecausethesaltwaterandwastewatertheycreatearefullofheavymetal.(以前的废水回收、人工降雨和海水淡化技术只取得了有限的成功。虽然海水淡化厂建在世界各地的一些地区，但它们面临着环境问题，因为它们产生的盐水和废水充满了重金属。)”可知，以前的废水回收、云催化和海水脱盐技术只取得了有限的成功。尽管海水脱盐厂已在全球一些地区建立起来，但由于产生的盐水和废水中含有大量重金属，海水脱盐厂面临着环保问题。再结合第三段中提到的“wewillneedtofindawaytoincreasethesupplyoffreshwater...humanneeds(我们需要找到一种方法来增加淡水的供应，因为从现有资源中节约用水和循环水虽然至关重要，但仍不足以满足人类的需要。)”可知，第二段是对新技术的开发背景的介绍。故选A。【14题详析】推理判断题。根据文章第四段“Thestudyassessedthepossibilityofahypothetical(假定的)structurethatcantrapwatervaporfromabovetheoceanandtransformitintofreshwater.Theresearchersperformedatmosphericandeconomicanalysesoftheplacementofhypotheticaloffshorestructures210metersinwidthand100metersinheight.Throughtheiranalyses,theresearchersconcludedthatthismethodisworkableformanywater-stressedregionsworldwide.(该研究评估了一种假设结构的可能性，这种结构可以捕获海洋上方的水蒸气并将其转化为淡水。研究人员对假设的210米宽、100米高的海上结构进行了大气和经济分析。通过他们的分析，研究人员得出结论，这种方法对世界上许多缺水地区都是可行的。)”可知，研究人员是通过对一项假设进行分析得到他们的发现的。故选A。【15题详析】主旨大意题。根据文章第一段AnewstudyfromtheUniversityofIllinoisUrbana-Champaignisthefirsttosuggestaninvestmentinanewstructureabletoharvestoceanicwatervapor(蒸气)asasolutiontolimitedsuppliesoffreshwaterinvariousplacesaroundtheworld.(伊利诺伊大学厄巴纳-香槟分校(UniversityofIllinoisUrbana-Champaign)的一项新研究首次建议投资一种能够收集海洋水蒸气的新结构，以解决世界各地淡水供应有限的问题。)”可知，本文主要介绍了一种新的海洋水蒸气捕获结构体有望将海洋上空的水蒸气转化为淡水，以解决世界多地淡水供应有限的问题。故选D。第二节(共5小题，每小题2.5分，满分12.5分)根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。DuringNewYear’sEve,somepeopletraveltoTimesSquarefortheofficialcountdown.___16___Formyfamily,wepreferredtospendaquieteveningathome,dullykillingthetimeandtryingtostayawakeuntilmidnight.Thisdidn’tchangeuntilmyfriendgavemeagiftyearsago.Itwasaboxof365cards-oneforeachdayoftheyear.Theideawastowriteonthecardsdailyasonewouldwriteinthejournal.Idecidedtousethecardsasa“familyjournal”withhighlightsofeachday.Ididn’thavehighhopesthatIwouldkeepupwiththisforawholeyear.___17___Ikeptwritingandfinallysuccessfullywrotesomethingoneverycardoneverydayof2012.OnNewYear’sEve,myhusbandandsonswerecuriousaboutwhatIhadbeenwritingallyear.Wedecidedwewouldstartwiththefirstcardandreadthemallaloudtogether.Wetookturnsreadingawholemonth’sworthofcardsbeforepassingtheboxtothenextperson.___18___Somecardswouldsaysomethingsimplelike,“wetookafamilywalkafterdinnertonight.”Otherswouldsaysomethingimportantlike,“___19___”Asthecardswereread,wewouldmakecommentslike,“Thatwasanamazingday.”Afterthatevening,IcontinuedwritingoncardsandonNewYear’sEve,wereadthemtogether.___20___It’sawonderfulwayforustothinkabouttheyearthathaspassedandlookforwardtothenewyearthatbeginsatmidnight.Besides,itbringsusfun,preventingusdullyspendingNewYear’sEve.Moreover,itgathersustogetherandstrengthensourbond.A.Thisfamilytraditionissignificanttous.B.Wehadaterriblequarrelwitheachother.C.Unfortunately,Ihaveneverkeptajournal.D.Atmidnight,wefinishedreadingthe365cards.E.Today,wecelebratedour10thweddinganniversary.F.Somehaveexcitinggatheringswithfamilyandfriends.G.Butforsomereason,Iwashighlymotivatedtofillupthosecards.〖答案〗16.F17.G18.D19.E20.A【语篇解读】本文是一篇记叙文，主要讲述了作者通过一种创意的方式——使用一年365张卡片记录家庭生活的点滴，从而改变了家人新年前夕的传统庆祝方式，使得这个特殊夜晚变得更加有意义和有趣。【16题详析】空前“DuringNewYear’sEve,somepeopletraveltoTimesSquarefortheofficialcountdown.(在新年前夕，一些人前往时代广场参加官方倒计时。)”介绍了新年前夕一些人的庆祝方式，空格处应该继续讲还有什么庆祝方式，F选项“Somehaveexcitinggatheringswithfamilyandfriends.(有些人与家人和朋友有令人兴奋的聚会。)”介绍的也是人们的庆祝方式，因此承接上文，符合语境，故选F。【17题详析】空前“Ididn’thavehighhopesthatIwouldkeepupwiththisforawholeyear.(我并没有抱太大的希望去坚持一整年。)”说明作者觉得自己不能坚持写一年，空后“Ikeptwritingandfinallysuccessfullywrotesomethingoneverycardoneverydayof2012.(我一直在写，最后成功地在2012年的每一天的每张卡片上都写了一些东西。)”说明作者写完了这些卡片，空格处应该说作者开始写卡片，G选项“Butforsomereason,Iwashighlymotivatedtofillupthosecards.(但出于某种原因，我很有动力去填那些卡片。)”中的but表转折，说明作者虽然觉得自己不能坚持，但是还是去写了，因此承上启下，符合语境，故选G。【18题详析】空前“Wetookturnsreadingawholemonth’sworthofcardsbeforepassingtheboxtothenextperson.(我们轮流读了整整一个月的卡片，然后把盒子递给下一个人。)”说明作者一家人读卡片上的内容，空格处应该也和读卡片有关，D选项“Atmidnight,wefinishedreadingthe365cards.(午夜时分，我们读完了这365张卡片。)”说明作者一家人午夜时读完了卡片，和读卡片有关，因此承接上文，符合语境，故选D。【19题详析】空前“Otherswouldsaysomethingimportantlike(其他的会说一些重要的东西，比如)”说明了有的卡片会说一些重要的东西，空格处应该具体举出一个重要的事情的例子，E选项“Today,wecelebratedour10thweddinganniversary.(今天是我们结婚十周年纪念日。)”举的就是一个重要的事情的例子，因此承接上文，符合语境，故选E。【20题详析】空后“It’sawonderfulwayforustothinkabouttheyearthathaspassedandlookforwardtothenewyearthatbeginsatmidnight.Besides,itbringsusfun,preventingusdullyspendingNewYear’sEve.Moreover,itgathersustogetherandstrengthensourbond.(这是一种很好的方式，让我们回顾过去的一年，期待午夜开始的新年。此外，它给我们带来了乐趣，防止我们沉闷地度过除夕。此外，它使我们团结在一起，加强了我们的纽带。)”说明的是写卡片这种方式的重要性，A选项“Thisfamilytraditionissignificanttous.(这个家庭传统对我们很重要。)”说明了这个家庭传统很重要，引出后文的具体的重要性，因此引起下文，符合语境，故选A。第三部分英语知识运用(共两节，满分30分)第一节完形填空(共15小题;每小题1分，满分15分)阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的四个选项(A、B、C、D)中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。Iarossiisa10-year-oldsoftball(垒球)playerfromTampa,FL.Shewastiredofhavingherpracticescanceledbecauseofan___21___betweengirlsandboyssports.Hercommunityhasmanybaseballfieldsbutonlyonesoftballfield.Whenbaseballteamsneedmoretraining,theywilloftentakeupthesoftballfield,___22___herteam’spractice.Iarossisaidtheeffectwasn’tjust___23___.“Manyofmyteammatesseemedless___24___.Theyfeltdiscouragedfromcontinuingandthereforesome___25___.Theythoughttheydidn’tgetthepracticeandthusunabletobeasgood.”Tochangethat,shedecidedtosenda___26___,tothemayor(市长).“Isaidit’snotthe1800sanymore,andgirlswouldliketoplaysportstoo.Pleasegivegirlsandboyssportsanequal___27___,”Iarossisaid.“Ihopeallgirlsget___28___tosoftball.It’sjustfairforallinsports.”Herinitialgoalwastogainsupportforthecause,butitdidmuchmore.Heraction___29___thecity’sgovernmenttoconstructmulti-usefields___30___forbothgirlssoftballandboysbaseballteams.Iarossi’smomsaid,“___31___,towritetothemayorwasallmydaughter’sidea—noonetoldherto.Ifeelproudofherdaringto___32___themayorasalittlechildandexcitedbythe___33___fromtheauthorities.Itisreally___34___toseether