2016年12月六级真题（第3套）

淘宝店铺：光速考研工作室机密*启用前大学英语六级考试COLLEGEENGLISHTEST—BandSix—(2016年12月第3套)试题册敬告考生一、在答题前，请认真完成以下内容:1.请检查试题册背面条形码粘贴条、答题卡的印刷质量，如有问题及时向监考员反映，确认无误后完成以下两点要求。2.请将试题册背面条形码粘贴条揭下后粘贴在答题卡1的条形码粘贴框内，并将姓名和准考证号填写在试题册背面相应位置。3.请在答题卡1和答题卡2指定位置用黑色签字笔填写准考证号、姓名和学校名称，并用HB-2B铅笔将对应准考证号的信息点涂黑。二、在考试过程中，请注意以下内容:1.所有题目必须在答题卡上规定位置作答，在试题册上或答题卡上非规定位置的作答一律无效。2.请在规定时间内在答题卡指定位置依次完成作文、听力、阅读、翻译各部分考试，作答作文期间不得翻阅该试题册。听力录音播放完毕后，请立即停止作答，监考员将立即收回答题卡1，得到监考员指令后方可继续作答。3.作文题内容印在试题册背面，作文题及其他主观题必须用黑色签字笔在答题卡指定区域内作答。4.选择题均为单选题，错选、不选或多选将不得分，作答时必须使用HB-2B铅笔在答题卡上相应位置填涂，修改时须用橡皮擦净。三、以下情况按违规处理:1.未正确填写(涂)个人信息，错贴、不贴、毁损条形码粘贴条。2.未按规定翻阅试题册、提前阅读试题、提前或在收答题卡期间作答。3.未用所规定的笔作答、折叠成毁损答题卡导致无法评卷。4.考试期间在非听力考试时间佩戴耳机。全国大学英语四、六级考试委员会

PartⅠWriting(30minutes)Directions:Forthispart,youareallowed30minutestowriteashortessayoncreation.Youressayshouldincludetheimportanceofcreationandmeasurestobetakentoencouragecreation.Youarerequiredtowriteatleast150wordsbutnomorethan200words.PartⅡListeningComprehension(30minutes)20162因此在本套真题中不再重复出现。PartⅢReadingComprehension(40minutes)SectionADirections:Inthissection,thereisapassagewithtenblanks.Youarerequiredtoselectonewordforeachblankfromalistofchoicesgiveninawordbankfollowingthepassage.Readthepassagethroughcarefullybeforemakingyourchoices.Eachchoiceinthebankisidentifiedbyaletter.PleasemarkthecorrespondingletterforeachitemonAnswerSheet2withasinglelinethroughthecentre.Youmaynotuseanyofthewordsinthebankmorethanonce.Questions26to35arebasedonthefollowingpassage.Smallcommunities,withtheirdistinctivecharacter--wherelifeisstableandintenselyhuman—aredisappearing.Somehave26fromthefaceoftheearth,othersaredyingslowly,butallhave27changesastheyhavecomeintocontactwithan28machinecivilization.Themergingofdiversepeoplesintoacommonmasshasproducedtensionamongmembersoftheminoritiesandthemajorityalike.TheOldOrderAmish,whoarrivedonAmericanshoresincolonialtimes,have29inthemodemworldindistinctive,smallcommunities.Theyhaveresistedthehomogenization30moresuccessfullythanothers.Inplantingandharvesttimeonecanseetheirbeardedmenworkingthefieldswithhorsesandtheirwomenhangingoutthelaundryinneatrowstodry.ManyAmericanpeoplehaveseenAmishfamilies,withthemenwearingbroad-brimmedblackhatsandthewomeninlongdresses,inrailwayorbus31AlthoughtheAmishhavelivedwith32Americaforovertwoandahalfcenturies,theyhavemoderateditsinfluenceontheirpersonallives,theirfamilies,communities,andtheirvalues.TheAmishareoften33byotherAmericanstoberelicsofthepastwholiveasimple,inflexiblelifededicatedtoinconvenientout-datedcustoms.Theyareseenasabandoningbothmodem34andtheAmericandreamofsuccessandprogress.ButmostpeoplehavenoquarrelwiththeAmishfordoingthingstheold-fashionedway.Theirconscientiousobjectionwastoleratedinwartime,forafterall,theyaregoodfarmerswho35thevirtuesofworkandthrift.A.accessingB.conveniencesC.destinedD.expandingE.industrializedF.perceivedG.practiceH.processI.progressJ.respectiveK.survivedL.terminalsM.undergoneN.universalO.vanishedSectionBDirections:Inthissection,youaregoingtoreadapassagewithtenstatementsattachedtoit.Eachstatementcontainsinformationgiveninoneoftheparagraphs.Identifytheparagraphfromwhichtheinformationisderived.Youmaychooseaparagraphmorethanonce.Eachparagraphismarkedwithaletter.AnswerthequestionsbymarkingthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet2.CountriesRushforUpperHandinAntarctica[A]Onaglacier-filledislandwithfjords(峡湾)andelephantseals,RussiahasbuiltAntarctica'sfirstOrthodoxchurchonahilloverlookingitsresearchbase.Lessthananhourawaybysnowmobile,ChineselabourershaveupdatedtheGreatWallStation,avitalpartofChina'splantooperatefivebasesonAntarctica,completewithanindoorbadmintoncourtandsleepingquartersfor150people.Nottobeoutdone,India'sfuturisticnewBharathibase,builtonstilts(桩子)using134interlockingshippingcontainers,resemblesaspaceship.TurkeyandIranhaveannouncedplanstobuildbases,too.[B]Morethanacenturyhaspassedsinceexplorersracedtoplanttheirflagsatthebottomoftheworld,andfordecadestocomethiscontinentissupposedtobeprotectedasascientificpreserve,shieldedfromintrusionslikemilitaryactivitiesandmining.Butanarrayofcountriesarerushingtoassertgreaterinfluencehere,withaneyenotjusttowardsthedaythoseprotectivetreatiesexpire,butalsoforthestrategicandcommercialopportunitiesthatalreadyexist.[C]Thenewerplayersaresteppingintowhattheyviewasatreasurehouseofresources.SomeoftheventuresfocusontheAntarcticresourcesthatarealreadyupforgrabs,likeabundantsealife.SouthKorea,whichoperatesstate-of-the-artbaseshere,isincreasingitsfishingofkrill(磷虾),foundinabundanceintheSouthernOcean,whileRussiarecentlyfrustratedeffortstocreateoneoftheworld'slargestoceansanctuarieshere.[D]SomescientistsareexaminingthepotentialforharvestingicebergsfromAntarctica,whichisestimatedtohavethebiggestreservesoffreshwaterontheplanet.Nationsarealsopressingaheadwithspaceresearchandsatelliteprojectstoexpandtheirglobalnavigationabilities.[E]BuildingonaSoviet-erafoothold,RussiaisexpandingitsmonitoringstationsforGlonass,itsversionoftheGlobalPositioningSystem(GPS).AtleastthreeRussianstationsarealreadyoperatinginAntarctica,partofitsefforttochallengethedominanceoftheAmericanGPS,andnewstationsareplannedforsitesliketheRussianbase,intheshadowoftheOrthodoxChurchoftheHolyTrinity.[F]ElsewhereinAntarctica,RussianresearchersboastoftheirrecentdiscoveryofafreshwaterreservethesizeofLakeOntarioafterdrillingthroughmilesofsolidice."Youcanseethatwe'reheretostay,"saidVladimirCheberdak,57,chiefoftheBellingshausenStation,ashesippedteaunderaportraitofFabianGottliebyonBellingshausen,ahigh-rankingofficerintheImperialRussianNavywhoexploredtheAntarcticcoastin1820.[G]Antarctica'smineral,oilandgaswealtharealonger-teamprize.Thetreatybanningmininghere,shieldingcoveted(令人垂涎的)reservesofironore,coalandchromium,comesupforreviewin2048.Researchersrecentlyfoundkimberlite(金伯利岩)depositshintingattheexistenceofdiamonds.Andwhileassessmentsvarywidely,geologistsestimatethatAntarcticaholdsatleast36billionbarrelsofoilandnaturalgas.[H]BeyondtheAntarctictreaties,hugeobstaclespersisttotappingtheseresources,likedriftingicebergsthatcouldjeopardiseoffshoreplatforms.ThenthereisAntarctica'sremoteness,withsomemineraldepositsfoundinwindsweptlocationsonacontinentthatislargerthanEuropeandwherewintertemperatureshoveraroundminus55degreesCelsius.[I]ButadvancesintechnologymightmakeAntarcticaalotmoreaccessiblethreedecadesfromnow.Andevenbeforethen,scholarswarn,thedemandforresourcesinanenergy-hungryworldcouldraisepressuretorenegotiateAntarctica'streaties,possiblyallowingmorecommercialendeavoursherewellbeforetheprohibitionsagainstthemexpire.TheresearchstationsonKingGeorgeIslandofferaglimpseintothelonggameonthisice-blanketedcontinentasnationsassertthemselves,erodingtheswaylongheldbycountriesliketheUnitedStates,Britain,AustraliaandNewZealand.[J]BeingstationedinAntarcticainvolvesadaptingtolifeontheplanet'sdriest,windiestandcoldestcontinent,yeteachnationmanagestomakeitselfathome.BeardedRussianpriestsofferregularservicesattheOrthodoxchurchforthe16orsoRussianspeakerswhospendthewinteratthebase,largelypolarscientistsinfieldslikeglaciologyandmeteorology.Theirnumberclimbstoabout40inthewarmersummermonths.Chinahasarguablythefastest-growingoperationsinAntarctica.Itopeneditsfourthstationlastyearandispressingaheadwithplanstobuildafifth.Itisbuildingitssecondice-breakingshipandsettingupresearchdrillingoperationsonanicedome13,422feetabovesealevelthatisoneoftheplanet'scoldestplaces.ChineseofficialssaytheexpansioninAntarcticaprioritisesscientificresearch,buttheyalsoacknowledgethatconcernsabout"resourcesecurity"influencetheirmoves.[K]China'snewlyrenovatedGreatWallStationonKingGeorgeIslandmakestheRussianandChileanbaseshereseemoutdated."Wedoweathermonitoringhereandotherresearch,"NingXu,53,thechiefoftheChinesebase,saidoverteaduringafierceblizzard(baofengxuE.inlateNovember.Thelargebaseheleadsresemblesasnowed-incollegecampusonholidaybreak,withthecapacitytosleepmorethan10timesthe13peoplewhowerestayingonthroughtheAntarcticwinter.YongYu,aChinesemicrobiologist,showedoffthespaciousbuilding,withemptydesksunderanillustratedtimelinedetailingtherapidgrowthofChina'sAntarcticoperationssincethe1980s."Wenowfeelequippedtogrow,"hesaid.[L]AssomecountriesexpandoperationsinAntarctica,theUnitedStatesmaintainsthreeyear-roundstationsonthecontinentwithmorethan1,000peopleduringthesouthernhemisphere'ssummer,includingthoseattheAmundsen-Scottstation,builtin1956atanelevationof9,301feetonaplateauattheSouthPole.ButUSresearchersquietlycomplainaboutbudgetrestraintsandhavingfarfewericebreakersthanRussia,limitingthereachoftheUnitedStatesinAntarctica.[M]ScholarswarnthatAntarctica'spoliticaldriftcouldblurthedistinctionbetweenmilitaryandcivilianactivitieslongbeforethecontinent'streatiescomeupforrenegotiation,especiallyinpartsofAntarcticathatareidealforintercepting(拦截)signalsfromsatellitesorretaskingsatellitesystems,potentiallyenhancingglobalelectronicintelligenceoperations.[N]Somecountrieshavehadahardtimehere.Brazilopenedaresearchstationin1984,butitwaslargelydestroyedbyafirethatkilledtwomembersofthenavyin2012,thesameyearthatadiesel-ladenBrazilianbargesanknearthebase.Asifthatwerenotenough,aBrazilianC-130HerculesmilitarytransportplanehasremainedstrandedneartherunwayofChile'sairbaseheresinceitcrash-landedin2014.[O]However,Brazil'sstretchofmisfortunehascreatedopportunitiesforChina,withaChinesecompanywinningthe$100millioncontractin2015torebuildtheBrazilianstation.[P]Amidallthechanges,Antarcticamaintainsitsallure.SouthKoreaopeneditssecondAntarcticresearchbasein2014,describingitasawaytotestrobotsdevelopedbyKoreanresearchersforuseinextremeconditions.WithRussia'shelp,BelarusispreparingtobuilditsfirstAntarcticbase.ColombiasaidthisyearthatitplannedtojoinotherSouthAmericannationswithbasesinAntarctica.[Q]"TheolddaysoftheAntarcticbeingdominatedbytheinterestsandwishesofwhitemenfromEuropean,AustralasianandNorthAmericanstatesareover,"saidKlausDodds,apoliticsscholarattheUniversityofLondonwhospecialisesinAntarctica."TherealityisthatAntarcticaisgeopoliticallycontested."36.AccordingtoChineseofficials,theiractivitiesinAntarcticalaygreateremphasisonscientificresearch.37.Effortstocreateoneoftheworld'slargestoceansanctuariesfailedbecauseofRussia'sobstruction.38.WithseveralmonitoringstationsoperatinginAntarctica,RussiaistryinghardtocounterAmerica'sdominanceinthefieldofworldwidenavigationalfacilities.39.Accordingtogeologists'estimates,Antarcticahasenormousreservesofoilandnaturalgas.40.ItisestimatedthatAntarcticaboastsoftherichestreservesoffreshwateronearth.41.ThedemandforenergyresourcesmaycompelrenegotiationofAntarctica'streatiesbeforetheirexpiration.42.ManycountriesareracingagainsteachothertoincreasetheirbusinessandstrategicinfluenceonAntarctica.43.Antarctica'sharshnaturalconditionsconstitutehugeobstaclestotheexploitationofitsresources.44.Withcompetitionfrommanycountries,Antarcticaisnolongerdominatedbythetraditionalwhitenations.45.AmericanscientistscomplainaboutlackofsufficientmoneyandequipmentfortheirexpansioninAntarctica.SectionCDirections:Thereare2passagesinthissection.Eachpassageisfollowedbysomequestionsorunfinishedstatements.ForeachofthemtherearefourchoicesmarkedA,B,CandD.YoushoulddecideonthebestchoiceandmarkthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet2withasinglelinethroughthecentre.PassageOneQuestions46to50arebasedonthefollowingpassage.Anyveterannicotineaddictwilltestifythatfancypackagingplaysnoroleinthedecisiontokeepsmoking.So,itisargued,strippingcartonsoftheirbrandingwilltriggernomassmovementtoquit.Butthatisn'twhythegovernment--underpressurefromcancercharities,healthworkersandtheLabourparty--hasagreedtolegislateforstandardisedpackaging.Thetheoryisthatsmokingshouldbestrippedofanyappealtodiscouragenewgenerationsfromstartinginthefirstplace.Plainpackagingwouldbeanotherstepinthereclassificationofcigarettesfrominvitingconsumerproductstonarcotics(麻醉剂).Naturally,thetobaccoindustryisviolentlyopposed.Nobusinesslikestoadmitthatitsellsaddictivepoisonasalifestylechoice.Thatiswhygovernmenthashistoricallyintervened,banningadvertising,imposinghealthwarningsandpunitive(惩罚性的)duties.Thisapproachhasledovertimetoafallinsmokingwithnumbershavingroughlyhalvedsincethe1970s.EvidencefromAustraliasuggestsplainpackagingpushessocietyfurtheralongthatroad.SincetobaccoisoneofthebiggestcausesofprematuredeathintheUK,ameasurethattamesthehabitevenbyafractionisworthtrying.Sowhyhasittakensolong?TheDepartmentofHealthdeclareditsintentiontoconsiderthemoveinNovember2010andconsultedthrough2012.ButtheplanwassuspendedinJuly2013.ItdidnotescapenoticethatalobbyingfirmsetupbyLyntonCrosby,DavidCameron'selectioncampaigndirector,hadpreviouslyactedforPhilipMorrisInternational.(Theprimeministerdeniedtherewasaconnectionbetweenhisnewadviser'soutsideinterestsandthechangeinlegislativeprogramme.)InNovember2013,afteranunnecessaryroundofadditionalconsultation,healthministerJaneEllisonsaidthegovernmentwasmindedtoproceedafterall.NowwearetoldMembersofParliament(MPs)willhaveafreevotebeforeparliamentisdissolvedinMarch.Parliamenthasinfactalreadyauthorisedthegovernmenttotamethetobaccotrade.MPsvotedoverwhelminglyinfavourofLabouramendmentstothechildrenandfamiliesbilllastFebruarythatincludedthepowertoregulateforplainpackaging.WithsufficientwillinDowningStreetthiswouldhavebeendonealready.ButstrengthofwillisthemissingingredientwhereMr.Cameronandpublichealthareconcerned.Hisattitudetostateinterventionhaslookedconfusedeversincehisbizarre2006lament(叹惜)thatchocolateorangesplacedseductivelyatsupermarketcheckoutsfueledobesity.Thegovernmenthasmovedreluctantlyintoasensiblepublichealthpolicy,butwithsuchobviousover-cautiousnessthatanypoliticalcreditduebelongstotheopposition.WithoutsustainedexternalpressureitseemscertainMr.Cameronwouldstillbehookedontheinterestsofbigtobaccocompanies.46.Whatdochainsmokersthinkofcigarettepackaging?A.Fancypackagingcanhelptoengagenewsmokers.B.Ithaslittletodowiththequalityortasteofcigarettes.C.Plainpackagingdiscouragesnon-smokersfromtakingupsmoking.D.Ithaslittleimpactontheirdecisionwhetherornottoquitsmoking.47.WhathastheUKgovernmentagreedtodoconcerningtobaccopackaging?A.Passalawtostandardisecigarettepackaging.B.Ridcigarettecartonsofalladvertisements.C.Subsidisecompaniestoadoptplainpackaging.D.Reclassifycigarettesaccordingtopackaging.48.WhathashappenedinAustraliawhereplainpackagingisimplemented?A.Prematuredeathratesresultingfromsmokinghavedeclined.B.ThenumberofsmokershasdroppedmoresharplythanintheUK.C.Thesalesoftobaccosubstituteshaveincreasedconsiderably.D.CigarettesaleshavebeenfallingfarmorequicklythanintheUK.49.WhyhasittakensolongfortheUKgovernmenttoconsiderplainpackaging?A.PrimeMinisterCameronhasbeenreluctanttotakeaction.B.Thereisstrongoppositionfromveterannicotineaddicts.C.ManyMembersofParliamentareaddictedtosmoking.D.Pressurefromtobaccomanufacturersremainsstrong.50.WhatdidCameronsayaboutchocolateorangesatsupermarketcheckouts?A.Theyfueledalotofcontroversy.B.Theyattractedalotofsmokers.C.TheymademoreBritishpeopleobese.D.Theyhadcertainingredientsmissing.PassageTwoQuestions51to55arebasedonthefollowingpassage.Whatawasteofmoney!Inreturnforanaverageof~44,000ofdebt,studentsgetanaverageofonly14hoursoflectureandtutorialtimeaweekinBritain.Annualfeeshaverisenfrom￡1,000to￡9,000inthelastdecade,butcontacttimeatuniversityhasbarelyrisenatall.Andgraduatingdoesn'tevenprovideanyguaranteeofadecentjob:sixintengraduatestodayareinnon-graduatejobs.Nowonderithasbecomefashionabletodenouncemanyuniversitiesaslittlemorethanelaboratecon-tricks(骗术).There'salotforstudentstocomplainabout:therepaymentthresholdforpayingbackloanswillbefrozenforfiveyears,meaningthatlower-paidgraduateshavetostartrepayingtheirloans;andmaintenancegrantshavebeenreplacedbyloans,meaningthatstudentsfrompoorerbackgroundsfacehigherdebtthanthosewithwealthierparents.Yetitstillpaystogotouniversity.Ifgoingtouniversitydoesn'tworkout,studentspayverylittle--ifany--oftheirtuitionfeesback:youonlystartrepayingwhenyouareearning￡21,000ayear.Almosthalfofgraduates--thosewhogoontoearnless--willhaveaportionoftheirdebtwrittenoff.It'snotjustthelecturesandtutorialsthatareimportant.Educationisthesumofwhatstudentsteacheachotherinbetweenlecturesandseminars.Studentsdonotmerelybenefitwhileatuniversity;studiesshow-theygoontobehealthierandhappierthannon-graduates,andalsofarmorelikelytovote.Whateveryourtalents,itisextraordinarilydifficulttogetaleadingjobinmostfieldswithouthavingbeentouniversity.Recruiterscircleeliteuniversitieslikevultures(兀鹰).Manytopfirmswillnotevenlookatapplicationsfromthosewholacka2.1,i.e.,anupper-secondclassdegree,fromaneliteuniversity.Studentsatuniversityalsomeetthoselikelytobeinleadingjobsinthefuture,formingcontactsforlife.Thismightnotberight,butschool-leaverswhofailtoacknowledgeasmuchriskmakingthewrongdecisionaboutgoingtouniversity.Perhapsthereasonwhysomanyuniversitiesoffertheirstudentssolittleistheyknowstudyingatatopuniversityremainsabrilliantinvestmentevenifyoudon'tlearnanything.Studyingatuniversitywillonlybec