2007年6月英语六级真题

2007年6月大学英语六级(CET-6)真题试卷PartⅠWriting(30minutes)注意：此部分试题在答题卡1上。Directions: Forthispart,youareallowed30minutestowriteashortessayentitledShouldOneExpectaRewardWhenDoingaGoodDeed?Youshouldwriteatleast150wordsfollowingtheoutlinegivenbelow.1. 有人做好事期望得到回报；2. 有人认为应该像雷锋那样做好事不图回报；3. 我的观点。ShouldOneExpectaRewardWhenDoingaGoodDeed?PartIIReadingComprehension(SkimmingandScanning)(15minutes)Directions:Inthispart,youwillhave15minutestogooverthepassagequicklyandanswerthequestionsonAnswerSheet1.Forquestions1-4,markY(forYES) ifthestatementagreeswiththeinformationgiveninthepassage;N(forNO) ifthestatementcontradictstheinformationgiveninthepassage;NG(forNOTGIVEN) iftheinformationisnotgiveninthepassage.Forquestions5-10,completethesentenceswiththeinformationgiveninthepassage.SevenStepstoaMoreFulfillingJobManypeopletodayfindthemselvesinunfulfillingworksituations.Infact,oneinfourworkersisdissatisfiedwiththeircurrentjob,accordingtotherecent“Plansfor2004”survey.Theircareerpathmaybefinanciallyrewarding,butitdoesn’tmeettheiremotional,socialorcreativeneeds.They’restuck,unhappy,andhavenoideawhattodoaboutit,exceptmovetoanotherjob.MaryLynMiller,veterancareerconsultantandfounderoftheLifeandCareerClinic,saysthatwhenmostpeopleareunhappyabouttheirwork,theirfirstthoughtistogetadifferentjob.Instead,Millersuggestslookingatthepossibilityofadifferentlife.Throughherbook,8MythsofMakingaLiving,aswellasworkshops,seminarsandpersonalcoachingandconsulting,shehashelpedthousandsofdissatisfiedworkersreassesslifeandwork.LikethewayofZen,whichincludesunderstandingofoneselfasonereallyis,Millerencouragesjobseekersandthosedissatisfiedwithworkorlifetoexaminetheirbeliefsaboutworkandrecognizethat“inmanycasesyourbeliefsarewhatbroughtyoutowhereyouaretoday.”Youmayhavebeenraisedtothinkthatwomenwerebestatnurturingandcaringand,therefore,shouldbeteachersandnurses.Sothat’swhatyoudid.Or,perhapsyouwerebroughtuptobelievethatyoushoulddowhatyourfatherdid,soyouhavetakenoverthefamilybusiness,orbecomeadentist“justlikedad.”Ifthissoundsfamiliar,it’sprobablytimetolookatthenewpossibilitiesforyourfuture.Millerdevelopeda7-stepprocesstohelppotentialjobseekersassesstheircurrentsituationandbeliefs,identifytheirrealpassion,andstartonajourneythatallowsthemtopursuetheirpassionthroughwork.Step1:Willingnesstodosomethingdifferent.Breakingthecycleofdoingwhatyouhavealwaysdoneisoneofthemostdifficulttasksforjobseekers.Manyfinditdifficulttosteerawayfromacareerpathormakeachange,evenifitdoesn’tfeelright.Millerurgesjobseekerstoopentheirmindstootherpossibilitiesbeyondwhattheyarecurrentlydoing.Step2:Commitmenttobeingwhoyouare,notwhoorwhatsomeonewantsyoutobe.Lookatthegiftsandtalentsyouhaveandmakeacommitmenttopursuethosethingsthatyoulovemost.Ifyoulovethesocialaspectsofyourjob,butarestuckinsideanofficeor“chainedtoyourdesk”mostofthetime,vowtofollowyourinstinctandinvestigatealternativecareersandworkthatallowyoumoretimetointeractwithothers.Dawnworkedasamanagerforalargeretailclothingstoreforseveralyears.Thoughshehadadvancedwithinthecompany,shefeltfrustratedandlongedtobeinvolvedwithnatureandtheoutdoors.Shedecidedtogotoschoolnightsandweekendstopursuehertruepassionbyearninghermaster’sdegreeinforestry.Shenowworksinthebiotechforestrydivisionofamajorpapercompany.Step3:Self-definition.Millersuggeststhatoncejobseekersknowwhotheyare,theyneedtoknowhowtosellthemselves.“Inthejobmarket,youareaproduct.Andjustlikeaproduct,youmustknowthefeaturesandbenefitsthatyouhavetoofferapotentialclient,oremployer.”Examinetheskillsandknowledgethatyouhaveandidentifyhowtheycanapplytoyourdesiredoccupation.Yourqualitieswillexhibittoemployerswhytheyshouldhireyouoverothercandidates.Step4:Attainalevelofself-honoring.Self-honoringorself-lovemayseemlikeanoddstepforjobhunters,butbeingabletoacceptyourself,withoutjudgment,helpseliminateinsecuritiesandwillmakeyoumoreself-assured.Byacceptingwhoyouare–allyouremotions,hopesanddreams,yourpersonality,andyouruniquewayofbeing–you’llprojectmoreconfidencewhennetworkingandtalkingwithpotentialemployers.Thepowerofself-honoringcanhelptobreakallthefalsehoodsyouwereprogrammedtobelieve–thosethatmadeyoufeelthatyouwerenotgoodenough,orstrongenough,orintelligentenoughtodowhatyoutrulydesire.Step5:Vision.Millersuggeststhatjobseekersdevelopavisionthatembracestheanswerto“WhatdoIreallywanttodo?”oneshouldcreateasolidstatementinadozenorsosentencesthatdescribeindetailhowtheyseetheirliferelatedtowork.Forinstance,thesecretarywholongstobeanactressdescribesalifethatallowshertoexpressherloveofShakespeareonstage.Arealestateagent,attractedtohiscurrentjobbecausehelovesfixingupoldhomes,describesbuyingpropertiesthatneedalittletenderlovingcaretomakethemmoresaleable.Step6:Appropriaterisk.Somephilosophersbelievethatthewaytoenlightenmentcomesthroughfacingobstaclesanddifficulties.Oncepeoplediscovertheirpassion,manyaretooscaredtodoanythingaboutit.Instead,theydonothing.Withthisstep,jobseekersshouldassesswhattheyarewillingtogiveup,orrisk,inpursuitoftheirdream.Foroneworkingmom,thatmeanttakingnightclassestolearnnewcomputer-aideddesignskills,whilestillearningasalaryandkeepingherdayjob.Forsomeoneelse,itmaymeanquittinghisorherjob,takingoutaloanandgoingbacktoschoolfulltime.You’llmoveonestepclosertoyouridealworklifeifyouidentifyhowmuchriskyouarewillingtotakeandthesacrificesyouarewillingtomake.Step7:Action.Someteachersofphilosophydescribeactioninthisway,“Ifonewantstogettothetopofamountain,justsittingatthefootthinkingaboutitwillnotbringonethere.Itisbymakingtheeffortofclimbingupthemountain,stepbystep,thateventuallythesummitisreached.”Alltoooften,itisthelackofactionthatultimatelyholdspeoplebackfromattainingtheirideals.Creatingaplanandtakingitonestepatatimecanleadtonewanddifferentjobopportunities.Job-huntingtasksgainaddedmeaningasyousensetheirimportanceinyourquestforamoremeaningfulworklife.Theplancanincluderesearchingindustriesandoccupations,talkingtopeoplewhoareinyourdesiredareaofwork,takingclasses,oracceptingvolunteerworkinyourtargetedfield.Eachofthesestepswillleadyouonajourneytoahappierandmorerewardingworklife.Afterall,itisthejourney,notthedestination,thatismostimportant.注意：此部分试题请在答题卡1上作答。1.Accordingtotherecent“Plansfor2004”survey,mostpeopleareunhappywiththeircurrentjobs.2.MaryLynMiller’sjobistoadvisepeopleontheirlifeandcareer.3.MaryLynMillerherselfwasoncequitedissatisfiedwithherownwork.4.Manypeoplefinditdifficulttomakeuptheirmindswhethertochangetheircareerpath.5.AccordingtoMaryLynMiller,peopleconsideringchangingtheircareersshouldcommitthemselvestothepursuitof________.6.Inthejobmarket,jobseekersneedtoknowhowtosellthemselveslike________.7.Duringaninterviewwithpotentialemployers,self-honoringorself-lovemayhelpajobseekertoshow________.8.MaryLynMillersuggeststhatajobseekerdevelopavisionthatanswersthequestion“________”9.Manypeoplearetooscaredtopursuetheirdreamsbecausetheyareunwillingto________.10.Whatultimatelyholdspeoplebackfromattainingtheiridealsis________.PartIIIListeningComprehension(35minutes)SectionADirections:Inthissection,youwillhear8shortconversationsand2longconversations.Attheendofeachconversation,oneormorequestionswillbeaskedaboutwhatwassaid.Boththeconversationandthequestionswillbespokenonlyonce.Aftereachquestiontherewillbeapause.Duringthepause,youmustreadthefourchoicesmarked[A],[B],[C]and[D],anddecidewhichisthebestanswer.ThenmarkthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet2withasinglelinethroughthecentre.注意：此部分试题请在答题卡2上作答。11.A)Surfingthenet. B)Watchingatalkshow. C)Packingabirthdaygift. D)Shoppingatajewelrystore.12.A)Heenjoysfindingfaultwithexams. B)Heissureofhissuccessintheexam. C)Hedoesn’tknowifhecandowellintheexam. D)HeusedtogetstraightA’sintheexamshetook.13.A)Themanisgenerouswithhisgoodcommentsonpeople. B)Thewomanisunsureiftherewillbepeaceintheworld. C)Thewomanisdoubtfulaboutnewspaperstories. D)Themanisquiteoptimisticabouthumannature.14.A)Studyforsomeprofession. B)Attendamedicalschool. C)Stayinbusiness. D)Sellhisshop.15.A)Moremoney. B)Fairtreatment. C)Acollegeeducation. D)Shorterworkhours.16.A)Shewasexhaustedfromhertrip. B)Shemissedthecomfortsofhome. C)ShewasimpressedbyMexicanfood. D)ShewillnotgotoMexicoagain.17.A)Cheerherselfupabit. B)Findamoresuitablejob. C)Seekprofessionaladvice. D)Takeapsychologycourse.18.A)Hedressesmoreformallynow. B)Whathewearsdoesnotmatchhisposition. C)Hehasignoredhisfriendssincegraduation. D)Hefailedtodowellatcollege.Questions19to22arebasedontheconversationyouhavejustheard.19.A)Togosightseeing. B)Tohavemeetings. C)Topromoteanewchampagne. D)Tojoininatrainingprogram.20.A)Itcanreducethenumberofpassengercomplaints. B)Itcanmakeairtravelmoreentertaining. C)Itcancutdowntheexpensesforairtravel. D)Itcanlessenthediscomfortcausedbyairtravel.21.A)Tookbalancedmealswithchampagne. B)Atevegetablesandfruitonly. C)Refrainedfromfishormeat. D)Avoidedeatingrichfood.22.A)Manyofthemfounditdifficulttoexerciseonaplane. B)Manyofthemwereconcernedwiththeirwell-being. C)Notmanyofthemchosetodowhatshedid. D)Notmanyofthemunderstoodtheprogram.Questions23to25arebasedontheconversationyouhavejustheard.23.A)Atafair. B)Atacafeteria. C)Inacomputerlab. D)Inashoppingmall.24.A)Thelatestcomputertechnology. B)Theorganizingofanexhibition. C)Thepurchasingofsomeequipment. D)Thedramaticchangesinthejobmarket.25.A)Datacollection. B)Trainingconsultancy. C)Corporatemanagement. D)Informationprocessing.SectionBDirections: Inthissection,youwillhear3shortpassages.Attheendofeachpassage,youwillhearsomequestions.Boththepassageandthequestionswillbespokenonlyonce.Afteryouhearaquestion,youmustchoosethebestanswerfromthefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)andD).ThenmarkthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet2withasinglelinethroughthecentre.PassageOneQuestions26to28arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard.26.A)Improvethemselves. B)Getridofemptydreams. C)Followtheculturaltradition. D)Attemptsomethingimpossible.27.A)Byfindingsufficientsupportforimplementation. B)Bytakingintoaccounttheirownabilitytochange. C)Byconstantlykeepinginmindtheirultimategoals. D)Bymakingdetailedplansandcarryingthemout.28.A)Toshowpeoplehowtogettheirlivesbacktonormal. B)Toshowhowdifficultitisforpeopletoloseweight. C)Toremindpeopletocheckthecaloriesonfoodbags. D)Toillustratehoweasilypeopleabandontheirgoals.PassageTwoQuestions29to31arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard.29.A)Michael’sparentsgotdivorced. B)KarenwasadoptedbyRayAnderson. C)Karen’smotherdiedinacaraccident. D)Atruckdriverlosthislifeinacollision.30.A)Heranaredlightandcollidedwithatruck. B)Hesacrificedhislifetosaveababygirl. C)Hewaskilledinstantlyinaburningcar. D)HegotmarriedtoKaren’smother.31. A)Thereportedheroturnedouttobehisfather. B)Hedidnotunderstandhisfathertilltoolate. C)Suchmisfortuneshouldhavefallenonhim. D)Itremindedhimofhismiserablechildhood.PassageThreeQuestions32to35arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard.32.A)Germany. B)Japan. C)TheU.S. D)TheU.K.33.A)Bydoingoddjobsatweekends. B)Byworkinglonghourseveryday. C)Byputtinginmorehourseachweek. D)Bytakingshortervacationseachyear.34.A)Tocombatcompetitionandraiseproductivity. B)Toprovidethemwithmorejobopportunities. C)Tohelpthemmaintaintheirlivingstandard. D)Topreventthemfromholdingasecondjob.35.A)Changetheirjobs. B)Earnmoremoney. C)Reducetheirworkinghours. D)Strengthenthegovernment’srole.SectionCDirections: Inthissection,youwillhearapassagethreetimes.Whenthepassageisreadforthefirsttime,youshouldlistencarefullyforitsgeneralidea.Whenthepassageisreadforthesecondtime,youarerequiredtofillintheblanksnumberedfrom36to43withtheexactwordsyouhavejustheard.Forblanksnumberedfrom44to46youarerequiredtofillinthemissinginformation.Fortheseblanks,youcaneitherusetheexactwordsyouhavejustheardorwritedownthemainpointsinyourownwords.Finally,whenthepassageisreadforthethirdtime,youshouldcheckwhatyouhavewritten.注意：此部分试题请在答题卡2上作答。Nursing,asatypicallyfemaleprofession,mustdealconstantlywiththefalseimpressionthatnursesaretheretowaitonthephysician.Asnurses,weare(36)________toprovidenursingcareonly.Wedonothaveanylegalormoral(37)________toanyphysician.Weprovidehealthteaching,(38)________physicalaswellasemotionalproblems,(39)________patient-relatedservices,andmakeallofournursingdecisionsbaseduponwhatisbestorsuitableforthepatient.If,inany(40)________,wefeelthataphysician’sorderis(41)________orunsafe,wehavealegal(42)________toquestionthatorderorrefusetocarryitout.Nursingisnotanine-to-fivejobwitheveryweekendoff.Allnursesareawareofthatbeforetheyentertheprofession.Theemotionalandphysicalstress,however,thatoccursduetooddworkinghoursisa(43)________reasonforalotofthecareerdissatisfaction.(44)______________________________________________________________________________.Thatdisturbsourpersonallives,disruptsoursleepingandeatinghabits,andisolatesusfromeverythingexceptjob-relatedfriendsandactivities.Thequalityofnursingcareisbeingaffecteddramaticallybythesesituations.(45)______________________________________________________________________________.Consumersofmedicallyrelatedserviceshaveevidentlynotbeenaffectedenoughyettodemandchangesinourmedicalsystem.Butiftrendscontinueaspredicted,(46)______________________________________________________________________________.PartIVReadingComprehension（ReadinginDepth）（25minutes）SectionADirections: Inthissection,thereisashortpassagewith5questionsorincompletestatements.Readthepassagecarefully.Thenanswerthequestionsorcompletestatementsinthefewestpossiblewords.PleasewriteyouranswersonAnswerSheet2.Questions47to51arebasedonthefollowingpassage.Googleisaworld-famouscompany,withitsheadquartersinMountainView,California.ItwassetupinaSiliconValleygaragein1998,andinflated(膨胀)withtheInternetbubble.Evenwheneverythingarounditcollapsedthecompanykeptoninflating.Google’ssearchengineissowidespreadacrosstheworldthatsearchbecameGoogle,andgooglebecameaverb.Theworldfellinlovewiththeeffective,fascinatinglyfasttechnology.GoogleowesmuchofitssuccesstothebrillianceofS.BrinandL.Page,butalsotoaseriesoffortunateevents.ItwasPagewho,atStanfordin1996,initiatedtheacademicprojectthateventuallybecameGoogle’ssearchengine.Brin,whohadmetPageatastudentorientationayearearlier,joinedtheprojectearlyon.TheywerebothPh.D.candidateswhentheydevisedthesearchenginewhichwasbetterthantherestand,withoutanymarketing,spreadbywordofmouthfromearlyadoptersto,eventually,yourgrandmother.Theirbreakthrough,simplyput,wasthatwhentheirsearchenginecrawledtheWeb,itdidmorethanjustlookforwordmatches;italsotallied(统计)andrankedahostofothercriticalfactorslikehowwebsiteslinktooneanother.Thatdeliveredfarbetterresultsthananythingelse.BrinandPagemeanttonametheircreationGoogol(themathematicaltermforthenumber1followedby100zeroes),butsomeonemisspelledthewordsoitstuckasGoogle.Theyraisedmoneyfromprescient(有先见之明的)professorsandventurecapitalists,andmovedoffcampustoturnGoogleintoabusiness.Perhapstheirbiggeststrokeofluckcameearlyonwhentheytriedtoselltheirtechnologytoothersearchengines,butnoonemettheirprice,andtheybuiltitupontheirown.Thenextbreakthroughcamein2000,whenGooglefiguredouthowtomakemoneywithitsinvention.Ithadlotsofusers,butalmostnoonewaspaying.Thesolutionturnedouttobeadvertising,andit’snotanexaggerationtosaythatGoogleisnowessentiallyanadvertisingcompany,giventhatthat’sthesourceofnearlyallitsrevenue.Todayitisagiantadvertisingcompany,worth$100billion.注意：此部分试题请在答题卡2上作答。47.Apartfromaseriesoffortunateevents,whatisitthathasmadeGooglesosuccessful?48.Google’ssearchengineoriginatedfrom________startedbyL.Page.49.HowdidGoogle’ssearchenginespreadallovertheworld?50.BrinandPagedecidedtosetuptheirownbusinessbecausenoonewould________.51.TherevenueoftheGooglecompanyislargelygeneratedfrom________.SectionBDirections: Thereare2passagesinthissection.Eachpassageisfollowedbysomequestionsorunfinishedstatements.ForeachofthemtherearefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)andD).YoushoulddecideonthebestchoiceandmarkthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet2withasinglelinethroughthecentre.PassageOneQuestions52to56arebasedonthefollowingpassage.Youheartherefrainallthetime:theU.S.economylooksgoodstatistically,butitdoesn’tfeelgood.Whydoesn’tever-greaterwealthpromoteever-greaterhappiness?Itisaquestionthatdatesatleasttotheappearancein1958ofTheAffluent(富裕的)SocietybyJohnKennethGalbraith,whodiedrecentlyat97.TheAffluentSocietyisamodernclassicbecauseithelpeddefineanewmomentinthehumancondition.Formostofhistory,“hunger,sickness,andcold”threatenednearlyeveryone,Galbraithwrote.“Povertywasfoundeverywhereinthatworld.Obviouslyitisnotofours.”AfterWorldWarII,thedreadofanotherGreatDepressiongavewaytoaneconomicboom.Inthe1930sunemploymenthadaveraged18.2percent;inthe1950sitwas4.5percent.ToGalbraith,materialismhadgonemadandwouldbreeddiscontent.Throughadvertising,companiesconditionedconsumerstobuythingstheydidn’treallywantorneed.Becausesomuchspendingwasartificial,itwouldbeunfulfilling.Meanwhile,governmentspendingthatwouldmakeeveryonebetteroffwasbeingcutdownbecausepeopleinstinctively—andwrongly—labeledgovernmentonlyas“anecessaryevil.”It’softensaidthatonlythericharegettingahead;everyoneelseisstandingstillorfallingbehind.Well,therearemanyundeservingrich—overpaidchiefexecutives,forinstance.Butoveranymeaningfulperiod,mostpeople’sincomesareincreasing.From1995to2004,inflation-adjustedaveragefamilyincomerose14.3percent,to$43,200.Peoplefeel“squeezed”becausetheirrisingincomesoftendon’tsatisfytheirrisingwants—forbiggerhomes,morehealthcare,moreeducation,fasterInternetconnections.Theothergreatfrustrationisthatithasnoteliminatedinsecurity.Peopleregardjobstabilityaspartoftheirstandardofliving.Ascorporatelayoffsincreased,thatparthaseroded.Moreworkersfearthey’vebecome“thedisposableAmerican,”asLouisUchitelleputsitinhisbookbythesamename.Becausesomuchprevioussufferingandsocialconflictstemmedfrompoverty,thearrivalofwidespreadaffluencesuggestedutopian(乌托邦式的)possibilities.Uptoapoint,affluencesucceeds.Thereismuchlessphysicalmiserythanbefore.Peoplearebetteroff.Unfortunately,affluencealsocreatesnewcomplaintsandcontradictions.Advancedsocietiesneedeconomicgrowthtosatisfythemultiplyingwantsoftheircitizens.Butthequestforgrowthletsloosenewanxietiesandeconomicconflictsthatdisturbthesocialorder.Affluenceliberatestheindividual,promisingthateveryonecanchooseauniquewaytoself-fulfillment.Butthepromiseissoextravagantthatitpredestinesmanydisappointmentsandsometimesinspireschoicesthathaveanti-socialconsequences,includingfamilybreakdownandobesity(肥胖症).Statisticalindicatorsofhappinesshavenotrisenwithincomes.Shouldwebesurprised?Notreally.We’vesimplyreaffirmedanoldtruth:thepursuitofaffluencedoesnotalwaysendwithhappiness.52.WhatquestiondoesJohnKennethGalbraithraiseinhisbookTheAffluentSociety? A)Whystatisticsdon’ttellthetruthabouttheeconomy. B)Whyaffluencedoesn’tguaranteehappiness. C)Howhappinesscanbepromotedtoday. D)Whatliesbehindaneconomicboom.53.AccordingtoGalbraith,peoplefeeldiscontentedbecause________. A)publicspendinghasn’tbeencutdownasexpected B)thegovernmenthasprovedtobeanecessaryevil C)theyareinfearofanotherGreatDepression D)materialismhasrunwildinmodernsociety54.Whydopeoplefeelsqueezedwhentheiraverageincomerisesconsiderably? A)Theirmaterialpursuitshavegonefaraheadoftheirearnings. B)Theirpurchasingpowerhasdroppedmarkedlywithinflation. C)Thedistributionofwealthisunevenbetweentherichandthepoor. D)Healthcareandeducationalcostshavesomehowgoneoutofcontrol.55.WhatdoesLouisUchitellemeanby“thedisposableAmerican”(Line3,Para.5)? A)Thosewhoseejobstabilityaspartoftheirlivingstandard. B)Peoplefullofutopianideasresultingfromaffluence. C)PeoplewhohavelittlesayinAmericanpolitics. D)Workerswhonolongerhavesecurejobs.56.WhathasaffluencebroughttoAmericansociety? A)Renewedeconomicsecurity. B)Asenseofself-fulfillment. C)Newconflictsandcomplaints. D)Miseryandanti-socialbehavior.PassageTwoQuestions57to61arebasedonthefollowingpassage.Theuseofdeferential(敬重的)languageissymbolicoftheConfucianidealofthewoman,whichdominatesconservativegendernormsinJapan.Thisidealpresentsawomanwhowithdrawsquietlytothebackground,subordinatingherlifeandneedstothoseofherfamilyanditsmalehead.Sheisadutifuldaughter,wife,andmother,masterofthedomesticarts.ThetypicalrefinedJapanesewomanexcelsinmodestyanddelicacy;she“treadssoftly(谨言慎行)intheworld,”elevatingfemininebeautyandgracetoanartform.Nowadays,itiscommonlyobservedthatyoungwomenarenotconformingtothefemininelinguistic(语言的)ideal.Theyareusingfeweroftheverydeferential“women’s”forms,andevenusingthefewstrongformsthatareknownas“men’s.”This,ofcourse,attractsconsiderableattentionandhasledtoanoutcryintheJapanesemediaagainstthedefeminizationofwomen’slanguage.Indeed,wedidn’thearabout“men’slanguage”untilpeoplebegantorespondtogirls’appropriationofformsnormallyreservedforboysandmen.Thereisconsiderablesentimentaboutthe“corruption”ofwomen’slanguage—whichofcourseisviewedaspartofthelossoffeminineidealsandmorality—andthissentimentiscrystallizedbynationwideopinionpollsthatareregularlycarriedoutbythemedia.YoshikoMatsumotohasarguedthatyoungwomenprobablyneverusedasmanyofthehighlydeferentialformsasolderwomen.Thishighlypolitestyleisnodoubtsomethingthatyoungwomenhavebeenexpectedto“growinto”—afterall,itisasignnotsimplyoffemininity,butofmaturityandrefinement,anditsusecouldbetakentoindicateachangeinthenatureofone’ssocialrelationsaswell.Onemightwellimaginelittlegirlsusingexceedinglypoliteformswhenplayinghouseorimitatingolderwomen—inafashionanalogoustolittlegirls’useofahigh-pitchedvoicetodo“teachertalk”or“mothertalk”inroleplay.ThefactthatyoungJapanesewomenareusinglessdeferentiallanguageisasuresignofchange—ofsocialchangeandoflinguisticchange.Butitismostcertainlynotasignofthe“masculinization”ofgirls.Insomeinstances,itmaybeasignthatgirlsaremakingthesameclaimtoauthorityasboysandmen,butthatisverydifferentfromsayingthattheyaretryingtobe“masculine.”KatsueReynoldshasarguedthatgirlsnowadaysareusingmoreassertivelanguagestrategiesinordertobeabletocompetewithboysinschoolsandout.Socialchangealsobringsnotsimplydifferentpositionsforwomenandgirls,butdifferentrelationstolifestages,andadolescentgirlsareparticipatinginnewsubculturalforms.Thuswhatmay,toanolderspeaker,seemlike“masculine”speechmayseemtoanadolescentlike“liberated”or“hip”speech.57.Thefirstparagraphdescribesindetail________. A)thestandardssetforcontemporaryJapanesewomen B)theConfucianinfluenceongendernormsinJapan C)thestereotypedroleofwomeninJapanesefamilies D)thenormsfortraditionalJapanesewomentofollow58.Whatchangehasbeenobservedintoday’syoungJapanesewomen? A)Theypaylessattentiontotheirlinguisticbehavior. B)Theusefewerofthedeferentiallinguisticforms. C)Theyconfusemaleandfemaleformsoflanguage. D)Theyemployverystronglinguisticexpressions.59.Howdosomepeoplerea