新高考英语三轮冲刺查缺补漏专题03完形填空（原卷版）

专题03完形填空目录01挑战真题·查知识漏洞02回顾教材·补知识漏洞回顾知识体系回顾核心考点易混易错归纳03知识通关演练（2024年1月浙江省高考真题）Whiletakinga20-hourtrainridealongtheedgeoftheTaklimakanDesertinnorthwesternChina,Ihadthekindofhumbling,educational,andaboveallelse,wonderful43withalocalthatalltravelerslongfor.AyoungChineseman44meonthetrain.My45friendspokevirtuallynoEnglish,soIhappilytookthe46topracticemyChinese.Overseveralhours,hewouldtellmeabouthowhehad47atwo-yearprofessionalschooltoquicklyfindajob48highwaysinordertohelpsupporthisfamily.Perhapsthemost49,however,wasthefactthatthismanspenthoursstudyingeverydayafterhardphysicallabor.Withoutbattinganeye,hewould50atranslatedEmersonpassagebeforeaskingabouttheliteraryinfluenceofAmerican51asawhole.”AndwhatdoyoualllearnaboutRussianauthors?”I52himaskingatonepoint.Itwouldhavebeeneasyto53myassumptionsaboutthishighwaybuilderwhohadneverbeenmorethanafewhundredmilesfromhome.Butthishighlyinformed,54,andadmirablepersonpreventedmedoingso.Inthecourseofacoupleofhours,he55mejusthowmuchonecangainfrom56withanopenmind,andawillingnessto57withlocalsfromallwalksoflife.43．A．experiment B．encounter C．competition D．appointment44．A．treated B．saved C．lectured D．approached45．A．true B．so-called C．new D．long-lost46．A．chance B．advice C．trouble D．right47．A．visited B．financed C．attended D．founded48．A．building B．sweeping C．checking D．guarding49．A．typical B．obvious C．natural D．remarkable50．A．publish B．quote C．сорy D．download51．A．writers B．historians C．workers D．students52．A．anticipate B．imagine C．recall D．catch53．A．lookinto B．relyon C．goover D．dealwith54．A．well-behaved B．multi-skilled C．warm-hearted D．self-educated55．A．asked B．warned C．showed D．promised56．A．traveling B．reading C．searching D．teaching57．A．cooperate B．side C．negotiate D．engage（2023年新课标全国Ⅰ卷英语真题）OnOct.11,hundredsofrunnerscompetedinacross-countryraceinMinnesota.MelanieBaileyshouldhave58thecourseearlierthanshedid.Her59camebecauseshewascarryinga60acrossthefinishline.Asreportedbyalocalnewspaper,Baileywasmorethantwo-thirdsofthewaythroughher61whenarunnerinfrontofherbegancryinginpain.She62tohelpherfellowrunner,DanielleLenoue.Baileytookherarmtoseeifshecouldwalkforwardwith63.Shecouldn’t.Baileythen64toletLenoueclimbontoherbackandcarriedherallthewaytothefinishline,thenanother300feettowhereLenouecouldget65attention.Oncethere,Lenouewas66andlatertakentoahospital,whereshelearnedthatshehadseriousinjuriesinoneofherknees.Shewouldhavestruggledwithextreme67tomakeittothataidcheckpointwithoutBailey’shelp.AsforBailey,sheismore68aboutwhyheractisconsideredabig69.“Shewasjustcrying.Icouldn’t70her,”Baileytoldthereporter.“IfeellikeIwasjustdoingtherightthing.”Althoughthetwoyoungwomenwerestrangersbeforethe71,they’vesincebecomefriends.Neitherwontherace,butthe72ofhumankindnesswontheday.58．A．designed B．followed C．changed D．finished59．A．delay B．chance C．trouble D．excuse60．A．judge B．volunteer C．classmate D．competitor61．A．race B．school C．town D．training62．A．agreed B．returned C．stopped D．promised63．A．courage B．aid C．patience D．advice64．A．wentaway B．stoodup C．steppedaside D．bentdown65．A．medical B．public C．constant D．equal66．A．interrupted B．assessed C．identified D．appreciated67．A．hunger B．pain C．cold D．tiredness68．A．worried B．ashamed C．confused D．discouraged69．A．game B．problem C．lesson D．deal70．A．leave B．cure C．bother D．understand71．A．ride B．test C．meet D．show72．A．secret B．display C．benefit D．exchange回顾知识体系回顾核心考点完形原则跳读首尾句进行预测利用语法分析解题利用固定搭配解题利用固定句型解题利用复现信息解题利用跳读法解题巧用排除法解题利用逻辑关系解题巧用背景常识解题利用对比结构解题利用平行结构解题利用暗示和对应解题根据文章的感情色彩解题综合利用各种线索解题01跳读首尾句进行预测一般来讲，高考完形填空的首、尾句通常是不挖空的。先跳读这两句，便可判断体裁，猜想它要讲什么。若首句交代了when,where,who,what，即四个W，那么就是记叙文，很可能就是一个故事;若首句是提出或解释说明某事物，一般来说是说明文;若首句提出一个论点，那么就是议论文。首句往往开宗明义，是文章的主题。细读首句可启示全文。而尾句又往往是对文章主题的总结。所以，它们是了解文章大意的一个窗口，对我们理解全文有着重要的启示作用。EvelynGlenniewasthefirstladyofsolopercussioninScotland.Inaninterview,sherecalledhowshebecameapercussionsoloist(打击乐器独奏演员)inspiteofherdisability.本文主要讲述的是苏格兰第一位女打击乐器独奏演员EvelynGlennie在耳聋的情况下成功学习打击乐器的经历。根据首句给出的信息，下面我们可以猜想EvelynGlennie学习打击乐器过程必然充满困难，而能够在耳聋的情况下学习打击乐器，EvelynGlennie对音乐肯定也是充满热情的。02利用语法分析解题完形填空虽然以语境填空为主，但也有部分考查语法项目的题目。对于这类题，考生可以利用平时所学的词汇知识，分析单词(组)的使用范围、动词的及物和不及物，并利用句子结构、句式特点等知识全面衡量所有选项排除干扰。如：___8___Ihadbeenborninthe16thcentury,Iwouldhavehadnojob.A.BecauseB.WhileC.IfD.Since【解析】根据后面的Ihadbeenborninthe16thcentury可知这只是个假设，是一个虚拟语气的条件句。故前面要用if引导。03利用固定搭配解题完形填空题中对词汇知识的考查，主要体现在习惯用法和同义词、近义词的辨析两方面。习惯用法是英语中某种固定的结构形态，即所谓的“习语”，不能随意改动。所以，考生平时应掌握好习惯用法。对词义辨析题的考查有加大力度的趋势。要做好这类题，需要有较大的词汇量和词语搭配能力、词语辨析能力，特别是在特定的语境中能灵活运用的能力。如：Theycouldn’treadorwrite.Theydidn’tliketoworkandtheynever___12___baths.A.tookB.washedC.ranD.covered【解析】本题考查的是固定搭配takeabath，意为“洗澡”。04利用固定句型解题完形填空虽然注重考查语境理解，但同时也会考到一些固定句型，考生掌握好这些句型，对确定题目的答案很有帮助。如：Itwasn’tlong___18___thepolicecaughtthethief.A.afterB.whenC.beforeD.until【解析】Itwasn’tlongbefore…是常用句型，意为“不久就……”。这里说的是不久警察就把小偷捉到了。05利用复现信息解题语篇复现的信息包括原词复现、同义词和反义词复现、上义词和下义词复现、概括词复现和代词复现等。语篇中有词汇和结构同现的现象，如与语篇话题相关、意义相关的词汇同时出现，结构同现，同义同现，修饰同现，因果同现等。因此，利用上下文寻找解题信息，确定正确答案。如：Iputmyheadin,expectingtheworst.Buttomysurprise,theroomwasn’temptyatall.Ithadfurniture,curtains,aTV,andevenpaintingsonthewall.Andthenonthewell-madebedsatAmy,mynew___44___,dressedneatly.A.roommateB.classmateC.neighborD.companion【解析】名词同现，空格前出现了room,furniture,curtains,aTV等同现信息可知坐在铺好的床上的是“我”的室友。06利用跳读法解题一般而言，完形填空要填的20空中总有一些空是相对简单的。对于这类空格考生可以先将其确定下来，之后再逐个去突破其他空。跳过那些不太容易得出答案的题。切忌做题时循规蹈矩地一个顺着一个地去完成。如：“Visitors!”repeatedJosh,wide-awakeatonce.He___1___upandlookedaround.Ashortdistanceaway,agroupof___2___stoodquietlywatchingus.Oneofthem___3___walkingtowardus.Webothjumpedtoour___4___notknowingwhattoexpect.1.A.satB.stayedC.thoughtD.put2.A.pilotsB.nativesC.editorsD.assistants3.A.avoidedB.delayedC.beganD.desired4.A.boatB.carC.horsesD.feet【解析】在通读全文的第一遍中，我们可以很容易地将第四空填出来，这是固定搭配jumptoone’sfeet(跳起来);由此也可推出第三空的答案，因为有人开始向“我们”走了过来，所以“我们”才跳了起来;再根据第一空前面的wide-awake可知，此处指的应该是“我和Josh完全清醒，坐起来，环顾四周”，所以第一空的答案为A;最后，根据句首Visitors可推知第二空的答案为B。07巧用排除法解题在有些情况下，考生如果不能很有把握地直接得出某一道题的答案，可以把排除法和词汇、语法分析结合起来运用，缩小选择的范围，提高正确率。如：Thewomanlookedcarefullyatme___5___throughherglasses,andthenquestionedmeinalowvoice.A.asusualB.forawhileC.inaminuteD.onceagain【解析】这篇文章讲述的是没有工作经验的作者找到工作的故事。此题的解题关键词是carefully，既然是“认真地看”，就不会是inaminute(立刻、马上);既然互不相识，作者也未曾去找过工作，不会是asusual(像往常一样);前面没说已经打量过作者一次了，所以用onceagain(再一次)是不合理的。所以，答案只能是B.08利用逻辑关系解题尝试从逻辑关系的高度整体上把握，就会不无惊喜地发现逻辑关系才是征服完形填空的最佳途径。所谓逻辑关系并不缥缈，它就隐藏在句子中、句与句之间以及段落与段落的衔接中。通过逻辑关系的方法，我们可以通过确切、具体的线索，把答案的逻辑意义推测出来，从而在答案中寻找表现了相同逻辑意义的选项。这样做，使得题目的难度大大降低。(1)句中逻辑关系Vitaminsaresimilarbecausetheyaremadeofthesameelements—usuallycarbon,hydrogen,oxygen,and___45___nitrogen.Theyaredifferentinthattheirelementsarearrangeddifferently,andeachvitaminperformsoneormorespecificfunctionsinthebody.A.mostlyB.partlyC.sometimesD.rarely【解析】短文中的usually和and是本题逻辑推理的线索。And前后构成了并列关系，即and前的usuallycarbon,hydrogen,oxygen这些维生素成分和and后面的nitrogen成分形成并列关系，相应修饰carbon,hydrogen,oxygen的usually必然和修饰nitrogen的45空的词构成一一对应的逻辑关系。鉴于此，在45空考虑填入的应是和usually相对应的频度副词，而语义与usually略有不同。mostly和partly都表示了部分、量的含义，与频度无关。rarely(很少地，罕有地)虽表示了频度关系，但其意义与usually相反，不符合一一对应的一致性，因此排除。只有C项sometimes(不时，有时)恰到好处地表示了and前后两部分的逻辑对应。故选C。(2)句间逻辑关系在此，我们发现所谓逻辑关系并不抽象，它往往通过转折、让步、递进、因果等明确的逻辑关系词来体现。当然，句子的逻辑关系也不一定体现在一句话的内部，它还可以渗透到篇章的层面上，在句与句之间表现出来。如：MsClevelanddoesnotkeepherworkersonashortleash.___13___,sheencouragesthemtoget___14___waystodobusiness.A.StillB.YetC.InsteadD.While【解析】根据前后句子的意思可推出两句间的逻辑关系是转折，意思是“OldMrCleveland把工人用带子捆绑起来(没有任何自由)，而她不那样，相反(instead)她鼓励雇员”。(3)段间逻辑关系这种逻辑关系主要体现在段落之间的衔接上。如：Noteveryoneseesthatprocessinperspective.Itisimportanttodoso.Itisgenerallyrecognized,___29___,thattheintroductionofthecomputerintheearly20thcentury,followedbytheinventionoftheintegratedcircuitduringthe1960s,radicallychangedtheprocess,althoughitsimpactinthemediawasnotimmediatelyapparent.A.indeedB.henceC.howeverD.therefore【解析】这里有两种情况，第一可能是第二段前后的逻辑体现;第二就是段落的前后衔接。但是，这个题出现在第二段的第一句，那么，从完形填空注重逻辑关系的命题思路来看，我们优先考虑第二种情况。前段末句意为“不是每个人都能够正确看待这个进程”。而第二段首句为“大家普遍认为”，显然这两者之间存在了逻辑意义上的相反，此处可能体现了一种转折关系。故选C。09巧用背景常识解题解答完形填空题时，有时文章中提供的信息还不够，还需要把读者头脑中储存的一般知识信息结合起来考虑，最后作出符合常识的最佳答案。因此，考生的知识范围越广，则对文章的理解会更容易，整体上知道所选短文在说什么，那么局部上的每一个空填起来也会得心应手。因此解答完形填空题时，考生的英语语言知识和有关世界的知识，都发挥着重要的作用。当对语言的把握不很准确时，可充分利用自己已掌握的文化背景和生活常识，巧妙地加以运用，先找出并理解文章主题和主线，并根据主题猜测细节，注意从重复出现的词语中寻找、体会文章表达的氛围。这样将会大大简化复杂的分析与判断过程，节省宝贵的时间，顺利地沿作者的思路阅读下去。如：After___2___theBritishflagatthePole,theytookaphotographofthemselvesbeforetheystartedthe950-milejourneyback.A.growingB.puttingC.plantingD.laying【解析】根据常识，南极地区冰雪覆盖，须费好大的劲将旗插进极地，plant在这里的意思是“安插”“插牢”，故答案为plant。10利用对比结构解题对比结构常把两种对立的事物或同一事物的两个不同方面并列出来加以比较或对比。高考完形填空题常常利用句子之间的对比关系或者同一个句子的不同部分之间的对比关系设计题目。如：Apupilwhocandohishomeworkinaquietand___59___roomisinamuchbetterpositionthanapupilwhodoeshishomeworkinasmall,noisyroomwiththetelevisionon.A.furnishedB.expensiveC.comfortableD.suitable【解析】本题利用相似短语之间的对比关系来命题。设空部分与下文的asmall,noisyroomwiththetelevisionon存在对比关系。作者想借此说明“相同的作业”对于“不同家庭背景的学生”所表现出的事实上的不公平。答案为C。11利用平行结构解题平行结构指的是结构相同或相似，意思密切关联，语法一致的句子或词组成串排列的语言现象。这些结构的形式整齐匀称，内容联系紧密。命题者常从平行结构的句式相同或相似这一角度，利用其表现意义的关联或对比这一特点来设空。高考完形填空短文常常会出现这样一些平行结构，掌握这些结构极为相似的句子可大大提高我们的解题效率。如：Companieswithlowaccidentratesplantheirsafetyprograms,workhardtoorganizethem,andcontinueworkingtokeepthem___42___andactive.A.aliveB.vividC.mobileD.diverse【解析】因空格处与and后面的active是平行的，所以答案为与active意思相近的alive。12利用暗示和对应解题完形填空题中虽然也穿插了对语法、短语和单词的辨析、句子结构的考查等，但对文章故事情节发展线索的逻辑考查仍是重点。暗示与上下对应的思维方法，是突破此类完形填空最关键的思维方式。考生在做题时要有全局观念，进行连贯性思维，做题时要把每个空白处的含义与前后句的意思联系起来理解，进行合乎逻辑的推理判断。难选之处前后通常多有暗示，这种暗示多为后面暗示前面。如：...hewouldjoinstudentgroupstodiscussavarietyof___47___:agriculture,divingandmathematics.A.questionsB.subjectsC.mattersD.contents【解析】此题后面的冒号部分有提示：agriculture，divingandmathematics是他们谈话讨论的话题，由此可得出本题的答案为B。13根据文章的感情色彩解题考生在第一遍通读时，应在掌握文章大意，弄清作者思路的基础上，着重寻找反映语境褒贬性的标志性词汇或句子，这些标志性词汇或句子往往对文章的语境褒贬性起着决定性的作用。如：IwassosurprisedthatIwas___47___(speechless).Mycousinmusthavemadeanefforttogethimselfintoshape.___48___(Asaresult),atthepointinourgamewhenI’dhavepredictedthescoretobeabout9to1inmyfavor,itwas___49___(instead)7to9andEdwas50(leading).【解析】surprised一词道出了情况的转折，我们可以看到这时作者用词的转变。madeaneffort，getintoshape等这些褒义词的使用对这些空的选择起到了很好的引导作用。speechless,instead都是由惊讶得出的。14综合利用各种线索解题完形填空题主要考查短文阅读理解的能力。因此考生必须阅读全文，弄清句子与句子之间的关系，准确理解全文。为了答好题，考生必须从字里行间寻找能够利用的线索。如书写和形态变化线索(graphicandmorphologicalclues)、词汇线索(lexicalclues)、句法线索(syntacticalclues)、社会文化线索(socio-culturalclues)，并根据有关的线索进行猜测，作出合理的判断。如：Andtheclerkconfirmedthathisplanewasleavingatnineo’clockthreedaysfromthatday…Sincehewas___44___inthreedays,Andydidn’tloseanytime.movingB.returningC.stayingD.leaving易错考点归纳易错点一不懂熟词生义对于一些看上去很熟悉的词，考生往往不知道或者不重视除了自己所记住的词义之外的其他意思或者其他词性。在平时的复习中考生不重视熟词生义，导致他们在高考紧张的答题时间内，脑海中出现的就只有自己最熟悉的意思，从而出现答题失误，导致丢分。近几年高考英语全国卷完形填空中频繁出现熟词生义这个考点，一般以下列两种形式呈现：01一词多义Anditcametomethenhowmucheasieritwouldbeifwehadarangeofwordsthatexpressdifferent42ofgratitude（感谢）.A.gradesB.meaningsC.needsD.expectations【答案】A.grade（等级）grade:n.年级（熟词熟义）→n.程度；等级（熟词生义）根据句意可知，differentgradesofgratitude意为“不同程度的感谢”。整个句子的意思是“当时想，如果有一系列表达不同程度感谢的词，事情就容易多了”。【易错选项解析】B。答案怎么可能会是A？grades这个词再熟悉不过了，不是“年级”的意思吗？这是大部分考生看到这个词时的第一反应，殊不知，就是这种“最熟悉的陌生人”让考生与正确答案擦肩而过。考生不知道grade还可以表示“程度；等级”，因而在排除了C.needs（需求），D.expectations（期待）之后，勉强选了B.meanings（意思）。02多词性词多词性词是指同一个词，在不变换词形的情况下，有一种以上的词性。如果平时学生不留意，没有掌握这种多词性词，那么在高考英语中它就会对学生答题造成干扰。Thepatientlookedpuzzled,andthen56.replied:“Ohthisisn’tforthe57.careIhad.Itakethatasa58.No,thisisforsettingmyhairyesterday.”A.goalB.givenC.pushD.greeting【答案】B.given（既定的事实，一定会发生的事情）givenv.给；赠送（give的过去分词，基本义/熟义）→n.既定的事实（熟词生义）根据句意可知，这位患者给护士钱，不是因为她得到了护士的照顾。她认为护士照顾她是“一定会发生的事情”此外，“takesth.as...（把……认为）”这一短语以及代词that的指代作用，增加了学生解答试题的难度，也影响了这道题的正答率。【易错选项解析】D。2021年高考英语的这道题难倒了诸多考生。根据考生回忆，当时没有选B的原因，主要是其不知道该词的意思。英语基础好一些的考生也只记得given是个形容词，但不知道其具体的意思。在这种情况下，考生排除了A.goal（目标），C.push（推），因不确定B.given的意思，尽管有一部分考生认为D.greeting（问候）带到原文中意思似乎也不对，但还是勉强选了D。易错点二未能联系上下文高考英语完形填空都有特定的主题语境，但是考生往往会忽视语境对语篇的统摄作用，导致其做题时“只见树木，不见森林”。考生遇到不会的题，可以暂时放过，往往下文会有语境上的提示，这也是教师在讲解完形填空时经常对学生说的“上下求索”，即联系上下文，它主要有以下三种情况：01同词复现同词复现指的是完形填空中的某个设空处的答案在上下文中已经出现过。学生通过“上下求索”就能得出设空处的答案。Iwonderif49.parentsshouldalwaystellthetruthnomatterthe50.consequences.Ihaveaverystrong51thattheliewe’retellingisdoing52.spiritualdamagetoourchildren...Maybeit’sanunreasonablefear.A.demandB.fearC.desireD.doubt【答案】B.fearn.（害怕）。句意：“我非常害怕，现在撒的谎正在对孩子造成精神上的伤害。”【易错选项解析】D。有的考生看到51空前的strong会选择doubt，觉得应该是我深深怀疑……，但是如果考生在这里多思考一下，接着看下文“Maybeit’sanunreasonablefear.”，就会得出正确答案为B.fear。02同义复现同义复现是指完形填空中某个设空处的答案在上下文中有相同或者相似意义的表达的暗示。有时候这样的暗示是通过转折关系来体现的。学生通过揣摩上下文语义就能得出设空处的答案。Alocalfarmertoldthemthedogsoundedlikeone50aslostinthelocalpaper.Theadhada51.phonephonenumberforatowninsouthernMichigan.A.predictedB.advertisedC.believedD.recorded【答案】B.advertisedv.（做广告）。句意：“当地农民告诉他们这只狗像是当地报纸上刊登的走丢的狗。”【易错选项解析】D。考生选错的原因在于其没有看到下文中的“Theadhada...”，还有部分考生看到ad一下子就懵了，没反应过来ad是advertisement的缩写，觉得这个消息应该是在当地报纸上record（记录）的，从而误选D。03逻辑关系准确把握上下文逻辑关系对提高考生完形填空试题的正答率大有裨益。逻辑关系有顺承、转折、因果等。有时候考生要想分析出这样的逻辑关系，还需要通读全篇。“Weseetheskyis43.blue,butdowninthevalleyit’sdarker—it’slikeona44day.”A.cloudyB.normalC.differentD.warm【答案】A.cloudyadj.（阴天的）。句意：“我们能看到天空是蓝色的，但是在山谷里天变暗了，像阴天一样。”【易错选项解析】C。根据破折号前的内容可知，山谷里稍暗一些，破折号后的内容是对前文的进一步解释。此外，对比句意的前后逻辑关系blue—darker—（...），也可以看出应选cloudy，而不是different，blue—darker—different（snowy?rainy?）这样的逻辑关系在这里讲不通。易错点三没记准词义或固定搭配的含义词义辨析或者固定搭配是完形填空的必考项，尤其是形近词辨析、动词短语或者介词短语辨析。这类题型考查的是学生对词义或固定搭配的识记能力，但考生往往因为选项中的单词或者短语比较相似而记不准词义，从而导致丢分。...butthegunshotshadscaredthedogoff.Jeffsearched55forRosieinthenextfourdays.A.onpurposeB.ontimeC.inturnD.invain【答案】D.invain（徒劳）。句意：“枪声把狗吓跑了，Jeff搜寻了Rosie四天，没有任何结果。”【易错选项解析】A、B、C。A.onpurpose（故意），B.ontime（按时），C.inturn（依次；轮流），D.invain（徒劳）。考生如果没记准这些常见的固定搭配，就会想当然地随便选择选项。易错点四缺乏常识或文化背景知识对于完形填空中的一些考查常识或文化背景的题，如果考生对相关的主题比较熟悉，有这方面的常识或者文化背景，那么正答率就高。这就要求考生的阅读面要广，有一定的常识及文化背景知识的积累。58.Finallyyouclimbintoanarctic-likezonewith59snowandtheglaciersthatmaysoondisappear.A.permanentB.littleC.freshD.artificial【答案】A.permanentadj.（永久的）。根据句意，“最后你会爬到像北极一样的地区，那里永久的积雪和冰川也许很快会消失。”【易错选项解析】B。这篇完形填空的主题是人与自然，介绍了非洲最高的山——乞力马扎罗山的环境污染情况，以及在当地机构努力治理之后，其环境的改观。如果学生对乞力马扎罗山有所了解，就会知道它是世界上唯一的一座“赤道雪山”。目前乞力马扎罗山的冰雪融化、冰川消失现象非常严重，在过去的80年内冰川已经萎缩了80%以上。有环境专家指出，乞力马扎罗雪顶可能将在10年内彻底融化消失。选错的考生认为，既然积雪和冰川马上就要消亡了，那积雪肯定特别少，所以就误选了B.little。在缺乏背景知识的情况下，考生就会有各种奇葩的思路。Passage1（2024届江苏二模英语试题）GlenEdwardsbecameaherowhenherescuedaconstructionworkertrappedontopofa160-meter-highbuilding.Asacrane(吊车)73workingonaconstructionsite,Edwards74foundhimselfinalife-savingmissionwhenafirebrokeout.Herecalledhowhe75thetrappedworkerfromhiscrane’scabin(驾驶舱),andhowhecameupwiththeideaofsavingthemanbylowerinacagetohimtolethim76.However,hisattemptto77thecagebeforethemanwasbynomeansaneasyjob,aseachpost(弹)ofwindpreventedtothrowhiscraneoffbalance.Besides,thesmokeandflamesalsoaddedtothedifficulty.78thegreatchallenges,Edwardsrefusedtogiveupandfoughtto79control.Luckily,someoneonthegroundoffered80onwheretolandthecagethrougharadio.Edwards81thecrane’smovements,inchbyinch,untilthecagehanged(盘旋)justinchesfromtheedgeofthe82.Withdetermination,Edwardssuccessfullylandedthecage.Eventually,Edwardswatchedthecage83themanawayfromthehorriblefirebelowandloweringhimtosafety.Thecrowd84abigroundofapplause,atribute(致敬)tothecourageandskill85byEdwards.Heknewthathisquickthinkingandstrong86hadmadeallthedifferencebetweenlifeanddeathinthefaceofdisaster.AGoFundMepagehasnowbeensetuptoraisemoneyforhim——withorganizers87peopleto“buyGlenabeer”forhislife-savingefforts.73．A．engineer B．operator C．cleaner D．salesman74．A．regularly B．unfortunately C．intentionally D．unexpectedly75．A．helped B．spotted C．realized D．guided76．A．escape B．hide C．walk D．slide77．A．clean B．cover C．position D．open78．A．Despite B．Without C．For D．From79．A．switch B．maintain C．lose D．give80．A．instructions B．problems C．explanations D．courses81．A．quickened B．described C．adjusted D．repeated82．A．door B．garden C．crane D．roof83．A．persuading B．lifting C．warning D．dragging84．A．wentthrough B．puton C．askedfor D．brokeinto85．A．displayed B．admitted C．exchanged D．required86．A．preference B．response C．emotion D．determination87．A．choosing B．encouraging C．ordering D．teachingPassage2(2024届湖南省（一模）英语试题)In2015,MistyCopelandwasnamedaprincipaldancer-aballerinaofthehighestrank—atAmericanBalletTheatre.SheisthefirstAfricanAmericanwomanto88it.Inherchildhood,Mistywasshyand89thespotlight.Butshelovedmusicand90.Whenshewas13,Misty’steachersuggestedshe91aballetclass.Fortwoweeks,Mistysatonthegymbleachers(露天看台)watchingtheclass,92tojoinin.Shefelt93intheclass.Overtime,however,shebegantoenjoythelessons.Shediscoveredher94—especiallyherlonglegsandstrong,flexiblemuscles—wasjustrightforballet.95,balletmeantalottoMisty.“Forthefirsttimeinmylife,IfeltlikeIbelongedinballet,shesays.Mistysuddenlygained96anddevelopedcurvesat19.“Iwasbeingtoldthatmyweightandproportionsjustweren’t97anymore.”Thisshookher98.EventhoughMistyfelt99,shedidn’tquit.Shelearnedtoeathealthierfoods.Shelearnedtrainingtechniques100toherbodytype.Whenshewasn’tperforming,shewaspracticing.Whenshewasn’tpracticing,shewasstretching.Asshedid,shebegantobelieveagainthatshe101in.“Nomatterwhatthatdreamis,”shesays,“youhavethepowertomakeitcometruewithhardworkand102.”88．A．finish B．create C．make D．perform89．A．prohibited B．avoided C．abandoned D．ignored90．A．movement B．practice C．gesture D．cycle91．A．confirm B．attend C．sign D．tend92．A．anxious B．curious C．eager D．afraid93．A．outofdate B．outofplace C．outoforder D．outofbreath94．A．appearance B．limbs C．body D．organs95．A．Approximately B．Obviously C．Partially D．Gradually96．A．weight B．muscle C．strength D．independence97．A．true B．fair C．right D．real98．A．self-esteem B．self-confidence C．self-consciousness D．self-discipline99．A．disturbed B．ashamed C．confused D．discouraged100．A．specified B．tailored C．expected D．positive101．A．broke B．fitted C．took D．gave102．A．engagement B．contribution C．subscription D．commitmentPassage3（2024陕西省西安市二模）Wemayhaveheardthatit’snevertoolatetopursueyourdreams.Now,aman103thattobetruebyachievinghislifelong104after84years.Earlierthisyear,101-year-oldMerrillPittmanCooper105hishighschooldiplomaduringasurprisegraduation106.Hisfamilyworkedwithlocalschoolofficialsto107thecelebration.CooperattendedStorerCollegefrom1934to1938,butlifecondition108himfromfinishingschoolandearninghis109.Withouthisfatheraround,hismotherworkedasalive-inhousekeeperinorderto110hisschooltuitionandboard,butthatwasn’t111.Afterrealizinghismothercouldn’t112tomakethefinaltuitionpaymentforhissenioryear,theteen113hertomovethemtoPhiladelphiatobeclosertoherfamily.InPhiladelphia,Cooperworkedtohelphismotherpaythebillsandhewas114asacitytrolley(有轨电车)caroperatorin1945.Thatjobledhimtoalongand115careerintransportationwherehe116becamepresidentofthelocalunioninPennsylvaniaandlatervicepresidentoftheInternationalTransportWorkersUnioninNewYorkCity.Butdespitesuchasuccessful117,healwaysregrettednotgraduatingandgettinghishighschooldiploma.Butnow,after84years,Cooperwas118abletoseehislifelongdreamcometrue.Hisfamilygottheideato119himwiththehonoraryhighschooldiploma.Coopercouldhardly120histearswhenhediscoveredtheirplan.ThewholethingwasadreamcometrueforCooper,whonow121hisdiplomaproudlyfromitsperch(栖息处)onhisbedroomdresser.“Ican’tthinkofa122day,”saystheinspiring101-year-oldman.“I’mreallyhappytohaveit.”103．A．proved B．found C．provided D．counted104．A．habit B．belief C．goal D．challenge105．A．caught B．received C．left D．opened106．A．donation B．sport C．meeting D．ceremony107．A．arrange B．cancel C．expect D．change108．A．saved B．prevented C．rescued D．protected109．A．degree B．fame C．diploma D．living110．A．show B．offer C．buy D．pay111．A．enough B．meaningful C．inspiring D．reasonable112．A．refuse B．afford C．choose D．hope113．A．ordered B．forced C．encouraged D．promised114．A．appointed B．treated C．voted D．hired115．A．boring B．fruitful C．sincere D．annoying116．A．eventually B．eagerly C．thoroughly D．frequently117．A．experience B．adventure C．career D．hobby118．A．immediately B．finally C．actually D．absolutely119．A．shock B．disappoint C．interest D．surprise120．A．comeacross B．wipeout C．holdback D．cheerup121．A．displays B．reaches C．demonstrates D．cares122．A．calmer B．warmer C．richer D．happierPassage4（2024河北二模英语试题）Borneoishometosomeofthemostextraordinarywildlife.Severalyearsago,Idecidedtogothereforavisit.Alocalpersonofferedtobemyguide,whichwasagreatbonusforme.Oneday,myguideturnedoffthesmoothroadandtookmeacrossa123hillsideinstead.Wepickedourwaycarefullywhen124acharmingflowerpoppedintomyviewamongthosestones.Oh,dear!Morethan125,Ibentdownandputmynosepracticallyinsidetheflower’score.126,tomysurprise,itwasonlyoneofthe127duringthetrip.AsI128theendofmytrip,therewasstillsomethingIhadyettosee.Weplannedto129mostfearedcreaturethere,thesaltwatercrocodile,whichcangrowtoa130of6metersormore.Whenweshoneaflashlighttowardsthemuddyshore,littlesounds131inthedarknessasifsomethingunseenunderwaterhadbrokenthe132.Takingasecondlook,wespottedtwogreedy133justabovethewaterline.Aswedrewnear,it134andwesawclearlyitwasacrocodile.Withgreatcaution,weneareditandfinallycould135itstruedimensions.Itwasababy—nomorethan0.6meterlong.Aha,whatever,Icouldnowreporttothe136backhome,whohadneverbeentoBorneo,thatIhad137ahungrycrocodileinthewildandlivedtotellthetale.123．A．rolling B．spectacular C．rough D．breathtaking124．A．suddenly B．literally C．definitely D．ultimately125．A．alarmed B．pleased C．concerned D．upset126．A．Nevertheless B．Besides C．Instead D．Therefore127．A．desires B．motivations C．destinations D．highlights128．A．summarized B．suspected C．approached D．valued129．A．holdonto B．pickup C．reflecton D．huntfor130．A．width B．length C．height D．size131．A．emerged B．paused C．continued D．declined132．A．mud B．surface C．ground D．shore133．A．legs B．mouths C．eyes D．teeth134．A．moved B．sank C．hid D．escaped135．A．giveout B．letout C．turnout D．makeout136．A．victims B．opponents C．folks D．guides137．A．challenged B．encountered C．terrified D．chasedPassage5(2024安徽省三模考试)AwinterstormdroppedhugeamountsofsnowovernightonJanuary16inwesternPennsylvania.138BrianDelallo,whoworkedonalocalhighschoolfootballteam,decidedtocalloffhisplayers’weightlifting139.Hetextedhis140saying:“Duetotheexpectedsevereweather,Monday’sweightliftingworkouthasbeen141.Findanelderlyordisabledneighborandshovel(为……除雪)theirdriveway.Don’t142anymoney—that’sourMonday’sworkout.”Theplayersreceivedthe143andwentouttoworkonthemorethansixinchesofsnowthatfellovernight.Theysaidthattheyremovedsnowfromdozensof144.Someplayerstextedtheircoachafterwardstotellhimhow145itwas.“Weallfeelgreataboutit,”saidteamcaptainGavinMoul.“It’snotonlyhelpingthem,butit’shelpingustobecomeabetterteam.”Manyofthepeoplewhomtheteammembersapproachedcouldn’tbelievethattheplayersrefusedanypayment.Sometimespeopleeven146theirhelpbecausetheywouldn’ttakemoneyforit.147,itwasnotthefirsttimefortheteamtohaveshovelingworkout.Itwasstartedbyacoachmorethantwodecadesago.Itwasoneofthemany148theteamkept.“It’saboutcommunity.”thecoachsaid.“Itisaninspiringwayforustointeractwithourcommunityandshowthatit149.Shovelingsnowisjustoneofthoseopportunitiestoshow150tothecommunitythatsupportsus.”Theteamgotaworkoutandgavebacktothecommunitybydoingtheseactsof151atthesametime.Itwasa152forall.138．A．Principal B．Coach C．Physician D．Goalkeeper139．A．tournament B．journey C．vacation D．practice140．A．superiors B．players C．opponents D．neighbours141．A．postponed B．advanced C．cancelled D．approved142．A．accept B．donate C．lose D．carry143．A．parcel B．criticism C．invitation D．message144．A．schools B．hospitals C．homes D．shelters145．A．demanding B．rewarding C．promising D．amusing146．A．heldout B．fixedup C．calledon D．turneddown147．A．Actually B．Recently C．Normally D．Totally148．A．goals B．secrets C．traditions D．jobs149．A．matters B．cares C．works D．stays150．A．strength B．patience C．dependence D．appreciation151．A．trust B．confidence C．