新高考英语三轮冲刺查缺补漏专题01阅读原卷版

专题01阅读理解目录01挑战真题·查知识漏洞02回顾教材·补知识漏洞回顾知识体系回顾核心考点易混易错归纳03知识通关演练Passage1（2023年全国统一高考英语试卷（新高考Ⅰ）WhenJohnToddwasachild，helovedtoexplorethewoodsaroundhishouse，observinghownaturesolvedproblems.Adirtystream，forexample，oftenbecameclearafterflowingthroughplantsandalongrockswheretinycreatureslived.Whenhegotolder，Johnstartedtowonderifthisprocesscouldbeusedtocleanupthemessespeopleweremaking.

Afterstudyingagriculture，medicine，andfisheriesincollege，Johnwentbacktoobservingnatureandaskingquestions.Whycancertainplantstrapharmfulbacteria（细菌）？Whichkindsoffishcaneatcancer-causingchemicals？Withtherightcombinationofanimalsandplants，hefigured，maybehecouldcleanupwastethewaynaturedid.Hedecidedtobuildwhathewouldlatercallaneco-machine.

ThetaskJohnsetforhimselfwastoremoveharmfulsubstancesfromsomesludge（污泥）.First，heconstructedaseriesofclearfiberglasstanksconnectedtoeachother.Thenhewentaroundtolocalpondsandstreamsandbroughtbacksomeplantsandanimals.Heplacedtheminthetanksandwaited.Littlebylittle，thesedifferentkindsoflifegotusedtooneanotherandformedtheirownecosystem.Afterafewweeks，Johnaddedthesludge.

Hewasamazedattheresults.Theplantsandanimalsintheeco-machinetookthesludgeasfoodandbegantoeatit!Withinweeks，ithadallbeendigested，andallthatwasleftwaspurewater.

Overtheyears，Johnhastakenonmanybigjobs.Hedevelopedagreenhouse-likefacilitythattreatedsewage（污水）from1，600homesinSouthBurlington.Healsodesignedaneco-machinetocleancanalwaterinFuzhou，acityinsoutheastChina."Ecologicaldesign"isthenameJohngivestowhathedoes."LifeonEarthiskindofaboxofsparepartsfortheinventor，"hesays."Youputorganismsinnewrelationshipsandobservewhat'shappening.Thenyouletthesenewsystemsdeveloptheirownwaystoself-repair."1.WhatcanwelearnaboutJohnfromthefirsttwoparagraphs？______A.Hewasfondoftraveling. B.Heenjoyedbeingalone.

C.Hehadaninquiringmind. D.Helongedtobeadoctor.2.WhydidJohnputthesludgeintothetanks？______A.Tofeedtheanimals. B.Tobuildanecosystem.

C.Toprotecttheplants. D.Totesttheeco-machine.3.Whatistheauthor'spurposeinmentioningFuzhou？______A.ToreviewJohn'sresearchplans.

B.ToshowanapplicationofJohn'sidea.

C.TocompareJohn'sdifferentjobs.

D.ToerasedoubtsaboutJohn'sinvention.4.WhatisthebasisforJohn'swork？______A.Naturecanrepairitself.

B.Organismsneedwatertosurvive.

C.LifeonEarthisdiverse.

D.Mosttinycreaturesliveingroups.

Passage2（2023年全国统一高考英语试卷（新高考Ⅰ）Thegoalofthisbookistomakethecasefordigitalminimalism，includingadetailedexplorationofwhatitasksandwhyitworks，andthentoteachyouhowtoadoptthisphilosophyifyoudecideit'srightforyou.

Todoso，Idividedthebookintotwoparts.Inpartone，Idescribethephilosophicalfoundationsofdigitalminimalism，startingwithanexaminationoftheforcesthataremakingsomanypeople'sdigitallivesincreasinglyintolerable，beforemovingontoadetaileddiscussionofthedigitalminimalismphilosophy.

Partoneconcludesbyintroducingmysuggestedmethodforadoptingthisphilosophy：thedigitaldeclutter.Thisprocessrequiresyoutostepawayfromoptionalonlineactivitiesforthirtydays.Attheendofthethirtydays，youwillthenaddbackasmallnumberofcarefullychosenonlineactivitiesthatyoubelievewillprovidemassivebenefitstothethingsyouvalue.

Inthefinalchapterofpartone，I'llguideyouthroughcarryingoutyourowndigitaldeclutter.Indoingso.I'lldrawonanexperimentIranin2018inwhichover1，600peopleagreedtoperformadigitaldeclutter.You'llheartheseparticipants'storiesandlearnwhatstrategiesworkedwellforthem，andwhattrapstheyencounteredthatyoushouldavoid.

Thesecondpartofthisbooktakesacloserlookatsomeideasthatwillhelpyoucultivateasustainabledigitalminimalismlifestyle.Inthesechapters，Iexamineissuessuchastheimportanceofsolitudeandthenecessityofcultivatinghigh-qualityleisuretoreplacethetimemostnowspendonmindlessdeviceuse.Eachchapterconcludeswithacollectionofpractices，whicharedesignedtohelpyouactonthebigideasofthechapter.Youcanviewthesepracticesasatoolboxmeanttoaidyoureffortstobuildaminimalistlifestylethatwordsforyourparticularcircumstances.5.Whatisthebookaimedat？______A.Teachingcriticalthinkingskills.

B.Advocatingasimpledigitallifestyle.

C.Solvingphilosophicalproblems.

D.Promotingtheuseofadigitaldevice.6.Whatdoestheunderlinedword"declutter"inparagraph3mean？______A.Clear-up. B.Add-on. C.Check-in. D.Take-over.7.Whatispresentedinthefinalchapterofpartone？______A.Theoreticalmodels. B.Statisticalmethods.

C.Practicalexamples. D.Historicalanalyses.8.Whatdoestheauthorsuggestreadersdowiththepracticesofferedinparttwo？______A.Usethemasneeded. B.Recommendthemtofriends.

C.Evaluatetheireffects. D.Identifytheideasbehindthem.回顾知识体系回顾核心考点阅读理解做题步骤题文同序先看题干；确定关键词带着关键词，去文中准确定位；结合题干问题，对比文本和选项；细节理解题，同义替换是答案。英语阅读，明明每个单词都认识，每个小短句也熟悉，就是连起来不知道什么意思；每个选项都像是对的，最后的生死二选一总是出错，完美避开正确答案，到底是哪一步出现了问题？考点一：例证题1.当题干中出现example,case,illustrate,illustration,exemplify时。2.返回原文，找出该例证所在的位置，既给该例子定位。3.搜索该例证周围的区域，90%向上，10%向下，找出该例证支持的观点。例子周围具有概括抽象性的表达通常就是它的论点。▶▶注意：举例的目的是为了支持论点或是为了说明主题句。举例后马上问这个例子说明了什么问题?不能用例子中的话来回答这个问题。4.找出该论点，并与四个选项比较，得出选项中与该论点最一致的答案。例证题错误答案设计的干扰特征经常是：就事论事。即用例子中的某一内容拉出来让你去选。(╳)▶▶要求：在阅读中，遇到长的例子，立即给这个例子定位，即找出起始点，从哪开始到哪结束。考点二指代题1.返回原文，找出出题的指代词。2.向上搜索，找最近的名词、名词性短语或句子(先从最近点开始找，找不到再找次近的，一般答案不会离得太远)。3.将找到的词、词组或句子的意思代入替换该指代词，看其意思是否通顺。4.将找到的词、词组或句子与四个选项进行比较，找出最佳答案。考点三词汇题“搜索代入”法①返回原文，找出该词汇出现的地方。②确定该词汇的词性③从上下文(词汇的前后几句)中找到与所给词汇具有相同词性的词(如一下子找不到就再往上往下找)，代入所给词汇在文章中的位置(将之替换)看语义是否合适④找出选项中与代替词意思相同或相近的选相，即答案▶▶注意：a.如果该词汇是简单词汇，则其字面意思必然不是正确答案。b.高考阅读不是考察字认识不认识，而是考察是否能根据上下文作出正确的判断。c.词汇题的正确答案经常蕴藏在原文该词汇出现的附近。注意不能靠单词词义直接往下推。d.寻找时要注意同位语、特殊标点(比如分号，分号前后两句话的逻辑关系不是形式上的并列就是语义上的并列，也就是两句话的意思相同，所以可用其中一句话的意思来推测另一句话的意思从而推出所给词汇含义)、定语从句、前后缀，特别要注意寻找时的同性原则。比如：让猜一个名词词组(动词词组)的意思，我们就向上向下搜索名词词组(动词词组)。隐蔽型词汇题题干与原文的某句完全重合，只有一两个词被替换掉。隐蔽型词汇题的做法跟词汇题的做法几乎一样，往上往下找。四、句子理解题1.返回原文找到原句。2.对原句进行语法和词义的精确分析(找主干)，应该重点抓原句的字面含义。若该句的字面含义不能确定，则依据上下文进行判断。注意：局部含义是由整体决定的。3.一般来说，选项中的正确答案与原句意思完全相同，只不过用其他英语词汇换种表达而已。4.句子理解题的错误选项干扰项特征：推得过远。做题时应把握住推的度。▶▶思路：对句子微观分析?不行就依据上下文?选择时不要推得过远。五、推理题“最近原则”1.标志：learn,infer,imply,inform2.看是否可以通过题干返回原文或依据选项返回原文。一般要围绕文中的一两个重点进行推理。推理题无论通过题干能不能定位，我们都要把它固化到文章的一两点上。3.依据原文的意思进行三错一对的判断。先不要进行推理，若有一个选项跟原文的意思一模一样，则该选项必然是正确答案。推理题不是考察我们的想象力，它实际是考察我们原文中的某几个点如一个、两个点所涉及的问题我们读透了没有。因此，不推的比推的好;推的近的比推的远的要好。4.推理题的最近答案原则：不推的要比推的好，推的近的要比推的远的好，直接推出的要比间接推的好。(原文的某句话变个说法)▶▶注意：做题时不能想得太多，推得过远。是否把原文读懂才是关键。六、主旨题“串线摘帽”即在自然段少的时候串串线，串线法解不出来时，大帽子、小帽子摘一下。1.主旨题的标志：mainlyabout,mainlydiscuss,thebesttitle2.串线法：抓首段和其余各段的第一句话，把其意思连接成一个整体。要注意总结性的提示词和转折词，特别要注意中心句。(主要针对自然段少的文章;针对自然段多的文章，主旨题最好联系中心句。找一个和中心句最贴近的3.小心首段陷阱。4.主旨题错误选项的干扰特征经常是：①局部信息，即选项的内容小于文章的内容;②范围过宽，即选项的内容大于文章的内容。5.逆向思维法、快速作文法：在两个选项看上去都十分正确无法选择时，试着从选项出发，想象一下如果自己以此选项来写文章会有那些内容，然后把它与文章的内容比较，接近的即为正确选项。七、作者态度题1.标志：attitude2.应精确理解四个选项的含义3.不要掺杂自己的观点。4.可以寻找文中一些具有感情色彩的词。如：fortunately,excessively,toomany5.举例的方式。6.抓论述的主线。把第一段读透，把其他各段的段首段尾句拉出来，看整个文章的谋篇结构。7.做作者态度题时特别注意：首先看清楚是谁对谁的态度。八、判断题1.看可否通过四个选项具体化到文中一点或者根据自然段原则定位。2.每个选项都应返回原文，不能凭主观印象进行判断。3.要重点抓是“三错一对”还是“三对一错”的关系(做题是要看清题目)。九、细节题看完题目回到原文，重叠原文，得出答案重点题型中的几个问题词汇题：字面意思不是答案，要根据上下文推测其深刻含义句子理解题：一般不要求推理，只看句子本身。推理题：答案很大程度上是原文的重现，不一定非要经过逻辑推理从原文中得出。正确答案的特征1.正确答案经常与中心思想有关。2.正确答案的位置，最常见的三个位置是：段首段尾处、转折处、因果处。3.正确答案经常运用的原则是：①原文原词。用原文原词作为正确选项。②同义替换。常见方法有：对原文中的关键词进行同义替换，如把useup换成runoutof;把原文中的一些词变换词性，如把修饰语important变换成ofimportance;改变原文句子的语态，如主动语态与被动语态的转换。③信息归纳。用精炼的语言概括原文中比较分散或复杂的信息，设置为正确选项。。4.从语气角度来看，正确答案中经常含有不肯定的语气词和委婉表达的用词。如：can,may,might,possible,notnecessarily,some.5.正确答案经常具有概括性、深刻性，不能只见树木不见森林。错误答案的特征1.文不对题。是原文信息，但不是与题目对应的内容。2.张冠李戴。细节与原文一致，但把本来做该事的“张三”换成“李四”。3.无中生有。符合常识，但原文未提及。4.偷梁换柱。与原文信息极其相似，但在关键信息处改变了或所指对象等从而改变具体内涵5.扩缩范围。如原文用almost,all,nearly,morethan,normally,转换。usually等词对信息加以限制，干扰选项则改变了限定范围。6.颠倒是非。与原文信息大相径庭甚至完全相反。7.正误参半。内容部分正确，部分错误。易混易错归纳【易错题01】细节理解题1.（2022全国甲卷）AftertakingadegreeatChichesterUniversityinRelatedArts,Ginnibegantotraveltheworld,eventuallygettingworkteachingEnglishinJapanandChile.AnditwasinChileshediscoveredshecouldgetlast-minutecheapdealsonshipsgoingtoAntarcticafromtheislandsoffTierradelFuego,thesouthernmosttipoftheSouthAmericanmainland.“IjustdecidedIwantedtogo,”shesays.“IhadnoideaaboutwhatI’dfindthereandIwasn’tnervous,Ijustwantedtodoit.AndIwantedtodoitaloneasIalwayspreferitthatway.”AftertakingadegreeatChichesterUniversityinRelatedArts,Ginnibegantotraveltheworld,eventuallygettingworkteachingEnglishinJapanandChile.AnditwasinChileshediscoveredshecouldgetlast-minutecheapdealsonshipsgoingtoAntarcticafromtheislandsoffTierradelFuego,thesouthernmosttipoftheSouthAmericanmainland.“IjustdecidedIwantedtogo,”shesays.“IhadnoideaaboutwhatI’dfindthereandIwasn’tnervous,Ijustwantedtodoit.AndIwantedtodoitaloneasIalwayspreferitthatway.”29.WhatmadeGinnidecideonthetriptoAntarctica?A.Lovelypenguins.B.Beautifulscenery.C.Adiscountfare.D.Afriend’sinvitation.【答案】C【错误分析】首先，抓不住题干细节，不能迅速定位到文中对应段落进行有效精准翻译，同时对文中长难句翻译时不会有效断句和提取主干。【解题思路】细节理解题。根据第三段中的“AnditwasinChileshediscoveredshecouldgetlast-minutecheapdealsonshipsgoingtoAntarcticafromtheislandsoffTieradelFuego.(正是在智利，她发现自己可以在最后一刻买到从火地岛附近岛屿前往南极洲的廉价船票)”可知，是折扣的票价让Ginni决定去南极洲旅行的。故选C。【易错题02】推理判断题1.（2022新高考I卷）GradingPoliciesforIntroductiontoLiteratureLateWorkAnessaynotsubmittedinclassontheduedatewilllosealettergradeforeachclassperioditislate.Ifitisnotturnedinbythe4thdayaftertheduedate,itwillearnazero.Dailyassignmentsnotcompletedduringclasswillgetazero.Shortwritingsmissedasaresultofanexcusedabsencewillbeaccepted.23.Whatwillhappenifyousubmitanessayoneweekaftertheduedate?A.Youwillreceiveazero.B.Youwilllosealettergrade.C.Youwillbegivenatest.D.Youwillhavetorewriteit.【答案】A【错误分析】根据已给信息进行综合归纳计算能力欠缺，只注重字面单一意思，不能有效运算推理。【解题思路】推理判断题。根据“LateWork”部分“Ifitisnotturnedinbythe4thdayaftertheduedate,itwillearnazero.(如果没有在截止日期后的第4天上交，将会得到零分)”可知，如果在截止日期后一周才交文章，你将会得零分。故选A项。【易错题03】主旨大意题1.Askingforhelpisasignofstrengthratherthanweakness.InAmericanculture,theindependentindividualisseenastheirideal.AstheUniversityofMissouriatSt.LouisstatesonitswebsiteundertheheadingKeyAmericanValues,“Americanshavebeentrainedsinceveryearlyintheirlivestoconsiderthemselvesasseparateindividualswhoareresponsiblefortheirownsituationsinlifeandtheirowndestinies.”Thevaluealsomakesthemthinktheycandoeverythingthemselves,andmakesthemfeelbadlyaboutaskingforhelpwhentheyneedit.Whatisthefirstparagraphmainlyabout?A．WhatkeyAmericanvaluesare.B．WhyAmericansrefusetoaskforhelp.C．Askingforhelpisasignofstrength.D．Americansareresponsiblefortheirlife.【答案】B【错误分析】不会正确分析文章结构，主旨句通常位于段首，无法对上下文进行长难句划分并合理翻译。【解题思路】段落大意题。本段第一句指出了本文的主旨大意，但是接着话锋一转，讲到在美国，由于受到传统文化的影响，人们一般都不愿求助于人，本段主要解释了“美国人为什么一般都不愿求助于人”这个问题。Passage1(2024年青海省百所名校高考英语二模试卷)Peoplemayforminaccurateimpressionsaboutusfromoursocialmediaposts，findsnewCornellUniversityresearchthatisthefirsttoexamineperceptions（认知）ofourpersonalitiesbasedononlineposts.

Anannlysisofonlinestatusupdatesfoundgreatdifferencebetweenhowviewerssawtheauthorsacrossarangeofpersonalitytraits，andtheauthors'self-perceptions.

ViewersratedtheInternetusersonaverageashavinglowerself-esteemandbeingmoreself-revealing，forexample.thantheusersratedthemselves.Statusupdatescontainingphotos，videosorlinksinadditiontotextfacilitatedmoreaccurateassessmentsthanthosewithjusttext.theresearchersfound.

Overall，theysaid，thestudyshedslightonthedynamicprocessbywhichacyberaudiencetriestomakesenseofwhowearefromisolatedfragments（碎片）ofsharedinformation，jointlyconstructingourdigitalidentity.

"Theimpressionpeopleformaboutusonsocialmediabasedonwhatwepostcandifferfromthewayweviewourselves."saidQiWang，professorofpsychologyanddirectoroftheCulture&CognitionLab."Amismatchbetweenwhoweareandhowpeopleperceiveuscouldinfluenceourabilitytofeelconnectedonlineandthebenefitsofengaginginsocialmediainteraction."

TheCornellresearchersbelievetheirstudyisthefirsttoinvestigateaudienceperceptionsofsocialmediausersthroughtheirposts.Onplatforms，usersoftensharefragmentarypersonalnarrativeswhileinteractingwith"friends"theymayknowonlyalittleorsometimesnotatall.

Interestingly，thestudyfoundthatonlinestatusupdatesgeneratedperceptionsofusersthatwereconsistentwithculturalstandardsinofflinecontextsconcerninggenderandethnicity—eventhoughviewerswereblindtotheiridentities.

Wangsaidthefindingscouldhelpdevelopersdesigninterfacesthatallowpeopletoexpressthemselvesmostauthentically.

"Ifpeople'sviewofusisverydifferentfromwhoweactuallyare，orhowwewouldliketobeperceived，"Wangsaid，"itcouldharmoursociallifeandwell-being."1.Whatmayyouronlinepostsleadto？______A.Authenticdigitalidentity. B.Viewer'smisjudgmentofyou.

C.Lesssocialmediainteraction. D.Makingmoreonlinefriends.2.Whichofthefollowingwillleastrevealyourpersonality？______A.Alinkwithtext. B.Apurevideopost.

C.Aplaintextpost. D.Atextpostwithphotos.3.Whowillbemostinterestedinthesefindings？______A.Onlinewebviewers. B.Internetbloggers.

C.Computerrepairmen. D.Socialmediadevelopers.4.WhatdoesWangthinkoftheresultoftheresearch？______A.Profitable. B.Meaningless. C.Useful. D.Unpractical.Passage2(2024年青海省百所名校高考英语二模试卷)Firstestablishedin2000tohelpthousandsofworkingdonkeysinIsraelandthePalestinianTerritories，thecharitySafeHavenforDonkeyshasbegunworkingwithanEgyptianpartnerorganisation，theBridgeFoundation，toprovidecaretothedonkeysintheElSafregionofEgypt.

Thousandsofdonkeysandmulesworkinthebrickkilns（砖窑）inEgypt，ofwhichthereareapproximately1.000，carrying1.4to1.6tonnesofbricksandmovingatanintensepacetopreventunfiredbricksfromcrackingintheheat.Duetoalackofexpertveterinary（兽医）care，manyoftheseanimalsaresufferingintensepainfromharnesswounds，beatings，teethandhoofissuesandparasiticdiseasesspreadbyflies.

NowacollaborationbetweenUKcharitySafeHavenforDonkeysandEgyptiancommunitydevelopmentcharitytheBridgeFoundationisprovidingmuch-neededrelieftotheseanimals.Theprojectincludesamobileveterinaryclinicwhichtreatscommoninjuriesandinfectionsandtrainsownersonhowtobestlookaftertheirdonkeysandmules.

SafeHavenforDonkeysCEOAndyFoxcroftsaid，"Currently，nootheranimalwelfarecharityprovidesveterinaryinterventionsintheseparticularkilns，hencetheneedforSafeHaven'sexpertise，ontheground.treatingsickandinjuredanimalsandprovidingtrainingforownersandlocalprofessionals（vetsandfarriers）.Thisfirstyearisvitalaswehopetomakealastingimpactbyreducingtheunnecessarysufferingofworkinganimals.whichsadly.isalltoocommonafeatureinthebrickkilns."

SafeHavenforDonkeys'work，whichhelpsanestimated10.000animalsayear.ismadepossiblebycharitabledonationsthatfundthetreatmentandtrainingthattheyoffer.YoucandonateatsafehavenA.5.Whatcausesthesufferingsofthedonkeys？______A.Theneedsofkilnsandtheirowners'cruelty.

B.Lackofexpertadviceandfoodshortage.

C.Heavyworkandshortageofpropercare.

D.Watershortageandtheheatofbrickkilns.6.HowwillSafeHavenforDonkeyshelptheworkingdonkeys？______A.Offeringrelieftothem. B.Providingtrainingforthem.

C.Rescuingthemfromhardwork. D.Monitoringthosebrickkilns.7.WhatdoesAndyFoxcroftexpectSafeHavenforDonkeystodo？______A.Bringaboutmoreprofessionalvets.

B.Treatsickandinjuredanimalswell.

C.Provideprofessionaltrainingforowners.

D.Shiftworkinganimals'situationlastingly.8.Whatisthepurposeofthelastparagraph？______A.Tocallfordonations. B.Tosummarizethearticle.

C.TointroduceSafeHaven. D.TopraisetheworkofSafeHaven.Passage3（2024年江苏省宿迁市高考英语一模试卷）Countlessstorieshaveportrayedthedeepconnectionbetweenhumansandhorses，suchasclassicliteraryworksBlackBeautyandTheChroniclesofNarnia.However，theextenttowhichhorsescomprehendtheirhumancompanionsremainsamystery.Recentresearchhasshownthathorsescandistinguishbetweenhumanexpressionsofhappinessandsadnessconveyedthroughfacialmovementsorvocaltones.

Theresearchersbrought28horsesintoaroomonebyone，eachwearingheartratemonitorsastheiractionswererecorded.Thehorsefacedtwoscreensplayingtwodifferentvideos：oneshowedahappypersonandtheotherasadperson.Avoicewasplayedatthesametime，soundinghappyorsad.

Whenthepictureandvoicedidn'tmatch—forexample，ifthevoicewassadbutthepictureshowedahappyperson—thehorseseemedpuzzledandlookedforalongertime，comparedtotheonethatdidmatch，asifitknewsomethingdidn'tmakesense."Youcouldimaginethattheyhaveaparticularboxintheirmindlabeled'humansadness'containingthecharacteristicsofbothasadfaceandasadvoice，andthatwhenwearesad，theyexpectwhatwesaytomatchhowwelook，"saidDoctoralResearcherOceaneLiehrmannoftheUniversityofTurku，inFinland.

Theresearchersalsosawthathorsesweremoreattentivetothescreendisplayingthehappyface.Theylookedatitmoreoftenandforalongertimeandtheirheartratesincreasedwhentheyheardahappyvoiceanddecreasedwhentheyheardasadvoiceaswell.

Itispossiblethatthehorsesmighthaveassociatedhappyhumanexpressionswithpositivememoriesfromtheirpast.Anothertheoryisthatseeingahappypersoncouldactuallymakeahorsefeelhappier—aprocessknownasemotionalcontagion."Wedon'tknowwhetherhorsesthemselvesunderstandwhatitistobesad.Itispossiblethattheylearnitmeanssomethingforahuman，"saidLiehrmann.9.Howdidtheresearcherscarryouttheexperiment？______A.Bycomparingdifferenthorses'expressions.

B.Bymonitoringhorses'oddbehaviorinthelab.

C.Bysummarizingthecharacteristicsofthehorses.

D.Byobservinghorses'reactiontohumanemotions.10.Whatcanwelearnfromtheresultoftheresearch？______A.Horseshadapreferenceforhappypeople.

B.Horsesweretoonervousaboutthevideos.

C.Horsesrecognizedpeople'sidentityquickly.

D.Horseslookedexcitedatavoiceofsadness.11.Whatdoestheunderlinedword"contagion"probablymeaninthelastparagraph？______A.Support. B.Influence. C.Outbreak. D.Control.12.Whichofthefollowingisasuitabletitleforthetext？______A.HumansImpactHorsesHugely

B.HorsesDislikeSorrowfulPeople

C.HumansandHorsesInteractClosely

D.HorsesKnowWhenYouareHappyPassage4（2024年河北省保定市高考英语一模试卷）AteveryweddingIattendedthispastyear，theeventspacehasbeendecoratedwithfamilyportraits-black-and-whitephotosofgrandparents，parentsin1970shairstylesandfamilyheirlooms（传家宝）passeddownfromgenerations.

Asachild，Iusedtocrywhenlookingatthosereminders.Whenmyhusbandsuggestedmakingaslideshowofourfamilyphotosforourwedding，Irealizedwebarelyhadany.ItwasatthattimethatIunderstoodjustwhythesekindsofitemsinspiredsomanycomplicatedfeelings.

MygrandparentsimmigratedfromPolandtoCubainthe1930s.DuringtheCubanRevolution，theirbusinessandhomewereshutdown.ThefamilycametotheUnitedStatesin1968，leavingeverythingbutafewpiecesofclothingbehind.Mygrandparentsandmotherrespondedtothepaintheyhadexperiencedbyholdingontothings.

Today，whenmymothercomestovisit，shestillbringsbagsfullofusefulitemsevenifwehaveplentyoffood.Afullcupboard，ahousestockedwithusableobjects，istheultimateexpressionoflove.

Likemanywhoareprivileged（幸运）enoughnottohavetoworryabouthavingbasicthings，Itendedtoadmiretheopposite—theemptyspacesofyogastudios，thedelightfulfeelingofsortingthroughapileofstuffthatIcouldabandon.

NowthatmybrotherandIhavecomeofage，myparentshavebothexpressedadesiretodownsizeourpossessions.Iwentthroughthethingsthatmatteredmosttome：thebooksIlovedasachild；theCDsmadebyfriends；thecollegetextbooksIneverrememberedtoreturn.Theysaythatwecanappreciatetheobjectsweusedtolovedeeplyjustbysayinggoodbyetothem.ButIdidn'twanttogiveanyofthemupbecausetheyfilledwithmemoriesofapersonIoncewas，andapersonthatpartofmealwayswillbe.13.Theauthorrealizedthemeaningoffamilyolditemswhen______.A.shewasattendingafriend'swedding

B.shewaspreparingforherownwedding

C.herfamilycametotheUnitedStatesin1968

D.hermothercametovisit，bringingbagsfullofusefulitems14.Whatdoestheauthorwanttoshowusbysharinghergrandparents'story？______A.Intheolddays，theelderssufferedalot.

B.TheCubanRevolutionbroughtpeoplemuchpain.

C.Someolditemsrepresentone'spreciousmemories.

D.Theyoungshouldtreasuretoday'shappylife.15.Whydidn'ttheauthorwanttogiveupherpreviousobjects？______A.Theywerethesymbolsoflove.

B.Theygaveherasenseofidentity.

C.Theyremindedheroftheolddays.

D.Theywerenolongeravailableanywhere.16.Whatcanweinferfromthistext？______A.Losttimewon'treturnanylonger.

B.Apictureisworthathousandwords.

C.Somesortofstuffisworthkeeping.

D.It'snevertoolatetomakeachange.Passage5（2024年广东省湛江市高考英语二模试卷）LexiisjustalittlegirlfromCanadawhofoundherselfinaheart-stoppingsituation.Itstartedoffasanormalcartrip.AngelaShymanski，Lexi'smom，wasatthewheel，navigatingthetrickyroadsoftheRockieswithherdaughterLexiandherbabyPeterinthecar.Anunexpectedanimalranintotheroad.Angelaswerved（突然转向）toavoidtheanimal.Unfortunately，theircarwasofftheroad，fallingdownasteepembankment（路堤）.

Thecrashwasnothingshortofterrifying.Angelaendedupwithabrokenback.Shewasunconscious，andunabletohelpherbabies.Meanwhile，babyPeter'scriesechoedinthechaos.ButLexi，onlyfiveyearsold，didn'tfreeze.Instead，sheshowedcouragethatwouldleavemanygrown-upsinawe.

Shequicklyjumpedintoaction.Thelittlegirl，withoutevenshoesonherfeet，wrestledfreefromherseatbeltandclimbedthe40-footembankment.Onceshereachedthetop，Lexidideverythingshecouldtoflagdownapassingcarinordertogethelpforhermomandbrother.

Lexi'sinsistencefinallypaidoff.Acarstopped，andthepeopleinsidedidn'thesitatetohelphercallforemergencyservices.Whentheparamedics（护理人员）arrived，theyfoundAngelainaseverestate，andherhearthadstopped.Thankfully，theymanagedtobringherback.

Lexi'sdad，reflectingontheincident，couldn'thelpbutbeamazedbyhisdaughter'sbravery.Hestressedhowimportantitisforkidstobepreparedforemergencies，shockedathowLexirememberedandactedonwhatshehadbeentaught.It'sapowerfulreminderofwhatkidscandowhenpushcomestoshove.

AndLexi'sheroismdidn'tgounnoticed.ShewasawardedaBronzeMedalforBraverybythepolice.ButfortheShymanskis，therealprizewasbeingbackineachother'sarms，safeandsound.17.Whatcausedtheaccident？______A.Thetoughroad. B.Thechildren'snoise.

C.Acarthatsuddenlyswerved. D.Ananimalappearingsuddenly.18.WhatwasLexi'sfirstmoveaftertheaccident？______A.Puttingonhershoes. B.Managingtogetoutofthecar.

C.Flaggingdownapassingcar. D.Scalingthe40-footembankment.19.WhatcanwelearnaboutLexifromparagraph5？______A.Herheroicactiondeservedrecognition.

B.Herdadknewherdaughterwellenough.

C.Shehadlearnedhowtodealwithemergencies.

D.Itwasimportantforhertofacesomeemergencies.20.WhichofthefollowingcanbestdescribeLexi？______A.Braveandhonest. B.Calmandcourageous.

C.Thoughtfulbutstubborn. D.Caringbutnaughty.Passage6（2024年陕西省渭南市高考英语一模试卷）Courageisahugethemeinmylife，aqualityIconstantlyseek，appreciate，andanalyze.Therootof"courage"is"cor，"theLatinwordforheart.Originally，couragemeant"tospeakone'smindbytellingallone'sheart."Whilecourageisoftenassociatedwithheroismnowadays，Ibelievetruecourageliesinbeingopenandhonestaboutwhoweareandhowwefeel.

Irecentlywitnessedanexampleoftruecourage.Duringamountain-climbingtripwithmy15-year-olddaughterandsomecollegestudents，Inoticedherstrugglingtokeepupwiththegroup.Despitemysuggestionstorest，shepersisteduntilshecouldn'tbreatheproperly.

Panicked，Icalledouttothefrontforhelp，buttherewasnoresponse，andwehadnocellphonesignal.Fortunately，twostudentsjustcamebacktocheckoutonus.Theyofferedassistanceandcalmedusdown.Aswecontinuedataslowerpace，theysharedtheirownexperiences，fromstartingoutasbeginnerslikemydaughtertobecomingconsistentlyamongthefirsttoreachthepeak.

"Youknow，"oneofthemsaid，lookingatmydaughter，"IwasjustlikeyouwhenIstarted.Butwithpracticeandproperpace，you'llgettheretoo."

"Yeah，don'tletyourlackofexperiencestopyou，"theotheradded."It'sokaytoadmitwhenyou'restrugglingornotfeelingalright.Infact，it'simportanttospeakupandaskforhelpwhenyouneedit.That'showweimproveandgrow."

Reachingthemountaintopwasahugereliefforbothmydaughterandme.However，thetwostudentsaddressedthecelebratinggroupdirectly，emphasizingtheimportanceofstayingtogetherintoughenvironments.Theirwordsledthegrouptoapologizetousforoverlookingourstruggle.

Iwastotallyamazedattheirbravery，andmydaughterlearnedthatit'sokaytobetheleastexperiencedinagroup.Courage，I'vecometorealize，hasarippleeffect.Eachtimewechoosecourage，weinspirethosearoundustobealittlebraverandmaketheworldalittlebetter.21.Whydoestheauthormentiontheoriginalmeaningofcourage？______A.Toargueforthetrueessenceofcourage.

B.Toquestionthecommonbeliefofcourage.

C.Toshowthechangingmeaningofcourage.

D.Toc