2024-2025学年新教材高中英语Unit1ScienceandScientistsPeriod3课时素养检测含解析新人教版选择性必修第二册

PAGEUnit1ScienceandScientists课时素养检测三Unit1Period3Ⅰ.阅读理解StudyingtheDNAof300micehasflaggedupgeneswhichhavebeenlinkedtohereditary(遗传的)sightlossforthefirsttime.Researcherssaybecausemice’sgenesaresosimilartohumans’,theirfindingscouldleadtothetreatmentofmoregeneticdiseases.ScientistsattheUniversityofCalifornia,Davisstudiedinformationfromadatabankofmice’sgeneticmaterial.Theyfound347geneslinkedtoeyeproblems,withjust86ofthemhavingbeenstudiedinthepast.Onlyaround50to75percentofhereditaryeyediseasesinhumancanbeexplainedwithpresentscience.Theresearchersbelievethesehundredsofnewgenesfoundinmicecouldbeakeytoexplaining—andthereforebeingabletotreattheother25—50percent.“Thisisextremelyvaluableforpeoplewithhereditaryeyedisease,”saidresearcherProfessorAlaMoshiri.“Allresearchersaregoingtostartusingthesedata.Inthepast,weknewtheproblemwastherebutwedidn’tknowwheretolook.Noweyecenterscancallbackpatientsandscreenthemforthesenewgenes.Weexpectedthatmoreandmoreofthesegeneticdiseaseswillbetreatable.”Also,thefactisthatmorethan60percentofeyeproblemsatbirthareonesresultingfromthebaby’sparents!ThankstodatafromtheInternationalMousePhenotypingConsortium(IMPC),whichistryingtoworkoutwhateverysinglegeneinamouseisresponsiblefor,withtheaimoftranslatingittohumans,scientistsaremovingclosertofiguringoutallgeneticcausesofblindness.Todothis,scientistsseparateasinglegenefromotheronesatatimeandthenobservewhateffectithasonthemouseforalongtime.Thishassofarbeendonemorethan7,000timesandhasachievedgreatsuccess.ResearchersarenowworkingalongsideeyecarecentersinTexasandIowainordertocomparethemice’sgenestothoseofpatients.【语篇概述】本文是一篇科普说明文。加州高校戴维斯分校的科学家们对小白鼠数百种的新基因进行了探讨。探讨的成果是说明人类遗传性眼病的关键。1.Howmanyhereditary-sight-loss-relatedgeneswerenewlyfound?A.86.B.261.C.300.D.347.【解析】选B。推理推断题。依据其次段Theyfound347geneslinkedtoeyeproblems,withjust86ofthemhavingbeenstudiedinthepast.可知,他们发觉347个基因与眼睛问题有关,其中只有86个基因在过去被探讨过。即新发觉与遗传性失明相关的基因有:347-86=261个。2.WhyisthepercentageofgeneticeyeproblemsmentionedinParagraph3?A.Toshowthesignificanceofstudyingmice’sgenes.B.Toprovemice’sgenesaresimilartohumans’.C.Towarnthehighrisklevelofsufferingthem.D.Toexplainhowcommontheyareamongpeople.【解析】选A。细微环节理解题。由第三段Theresearchersbelievethesehundredsofnewgenesfoundinmicecouldbeakeytoexplaining—andthereforebeingabletotreattheother25-50percent.可知,探讨人员认为,在老鼠身上发觉的数百种新基因可能是说明这一现象的关键,因此能够治疗另外25%至50%的疾病。即第三段提到遗传性眼睛问题的百分比是为了展示探讨老鼠基因的重要性。3.Whatshouldscientistsdofirsttounlocksecretsofgeneticblindness?A.Comparehumans’geneswithmice’s.B.Recognizeeachgene’sroleofhumans.C.Setapartageneofamouseeachtime.D.Figureouteachgene’sfunctionofamouse.【解析】选C。细微环节理解题。由最终一段Todothis,scientistsseparateasinglegenefromotheronesatatimeandthenobservewhateffectithasonthemouseforalongtime.可知,科学家们一次将一个基因从其他基因中分别出来,然后视察它在很长一段时间内对老鼠有什么影响。即为了解开基因性失明的隐私,科学家们首先应当每次从老鼠身上分别出一个基因。4.Whatcanbeasuitabletitleforthetext?A.NewWaystoCureSightLossB.GenesFoundBehindEyeProblemsC.GeneticDiseasesDiscoveredinMiceD.Humans’GenesCausingEyeDiseases【解析】选B。主旨大意题。文章主要内容:科学家发觉在小白鼠身上发觉的数百种新基因可能是说明人类遗传性眼部疾病的关键。Ⅱ.阅读填句依据短文内容,从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项,选项中有两项为多余选项。FlorenceNightingalewasnamedafterherbirthplace,Florence,Italy.Whenshewasalmostoneyearold,shereturnedwithherfamilytoEngland.Florenceoftenhelpedhermotherdeliver(运输)foodtothepoorandsick.1Herfamilywasshockedbecausenursingwasnotarespectedprofession(职业).ButFlorencewasdetermined.Shestudiedbooksonmedicine.Later,shevisitedhospitalsinFrance,GermanyandIrelandandlearnedeverythingshecould.2

In1854,BritainwasatwarwithRussia.FlorencewenttotheBritishhospitalinScutariandshewasshocked.Thehospitalleftmenlyingonthefloor,andratswererunningeverywhere.3Manysoldiersdiedbeforereceivinghelp.

Thedoctorswouldn’tlistentoFlorencebecausetheydidn’tliketheideaofwomeninarmyhospitals—untiloneday500unexpectedcasualties(伤亡者)arrived.4Florencemadechanges,makingsurethemenwerewashedandtheirinjurieswerecaredfor.Everynightshewouldcheckthepatientswithherlamp.Whenshereturnedhomeafterthewar,afundhadbeensetupinherhonor.Manyofthesoldiersshehadnursedhadmadecontributions(捐款).NowshecouldsetuptheNightingaleTrainingSchoolinLondon.

Afteryearsofhardwork,FlorenceNightingalesawcleanerandmorecheerfulhospitals.5Allofthiswasbecauseofthe“ladywiththelamp”.

A.Nursingbecameanhonoredprofession.B.Therewasnorunningwaterandnoheat.C.Sheknewshehadmuchtolearnaboutnursing.D.Florencesawthesoldiers’healthhadimproved.E.Asshegrewolder,shedecidedtobecomeanurse.F.TheysoonrealizedthatFlorencecouldgiveahand.G.Uponreturninghome,shewasanexpertonhospitalmanagement.【语篇概述】本文讲解并描述了南丁格尔为医学界中重要的护理事业做出的巨大贡献。1.【解析】选E。依据下一句Herfamilywasshockedbecausenursingwasnotarespectedprofession.可知,E项“随着南丁格尔渐渐长大,她确定要当一名护士”符合语境。2.【解析】选G。依据上一句中的shevisitedhospitalsinFrance,GermanyandIrelandandlearnedeverythingshecould推知南丁格尔回到英国后已经特别熟识医院管理方面的学问。3.【解析】选B。选项内容与上一句Thehospitalleftmenlyingonthefloor,andratswererunningeverywhere.并列,描述医院的条件特别差。4.【解析】选F。依据上一句中的Thedoctorswouldn’tlistentoFlorence和下一句中的Florencemadechanges可知,划线处在此承上启下,因此F项“那些医生很快意识到弗洛伦斯能帮上忙”符合该处语境。5.【解析】选A。依据上一段末句中的shecouldsetuptheNightingaleTrainingSchoolinLondon以及该段中的cleanerandmorecheerfulhospitals可知南丁格尔经过多年的努力使得护理成为了一个令人敬重的职业。Ⅲ.完形填空CharlotteWhiteheadwasborninEnglandin1843,andmovedtoMontreal,Canadaattheageoffivewithherfamily.While1herilleldersisterthroughouttheyears,Charlottediscoveredshehadaninterestinmedicine.At18shemarriedand2afamily.Severalyearslater,Charlottesaidshewantedtobea3Unfortunately,Canadianmedicalschoolsdidnot4womenstudentsatthetime.Therefore,CharlottewenttotheUnitedStatestostudy5attheWomen’sMedicalCollegeinPhiladelphia.Ittookherfiveyearstoearnhermedicaldegree.

Upongraduation,Charlotte6toMontrealandsetupaprivate7.Threeyearslater,shemovedtoWinnipeg,Manitoba,andthereshewasonceagainabusydoctor.Manyofherpatientswerefromthenearbytimberandrailwaycamps.Charlotte8herselfoperatingondamagedlimbsandsetting9bones,inadditiontodeliveringallthebabiesinthearea.

ButCharlottehadbeenpracticingwithoutalicense.Shehad10adoctor’slicenseinbothMontrealandWinnipeg,butwas11.TheManitobaCollegeofPhysiciansandSurgeons,anall-maleboard,wantedherto12herstudiesataCanadianmedicalcollege!Charlotterefusedtoleaveherpatientstospendtimestudyingwhatshealreadyknew.Soin1887,sheappealedtotheManitobaLegislatureto13alicensetoherbutthey,too,refused.Charlotte14In1993,77yearsafterher15,amedicallicensewasissuedtoCharlotte.ThisdecisionwasmadebytheManitobaLegislaturetohonor“thiscourageousandpioneeringwoman.”

【语篇概述】本文讲解并描述了一位女医生冲破性别卑视的羁绊救死扶伤的故事。1.A.raising B.teaching C.nursing D.missing【解析】选C。逻辑推理题。依据下文“herilleldersister”可知此处是“护理她生病的姐姐”。nurse“护理”。2.A.invented B.selected C.offered D.started【解析】选D。逻辑推理题。18岁时结了婚,所以起先(拥有)了家庭。3.A.doctor B.musician C.lawyer D.physicist【解析】选A。逻辑推理题。依据上文中的“她对医学感爱好”及下一段中Charlottewentto...attheWomen’sMedicalCollegeinPhiladelphia.可知此处是想当医生。4.A.hire B.entertain C.trust D.accept【解析】选D。词语辨析题。加拿大的医学院不接受女学生。hire“雇佣”;entertain“款待,款待”;trust“信任”;accept“接受”。依据句意选D。5.A.history B.physics C.medicine D.law【解析】选C。词汇复现题。结合上文,不能在加拿高校医,她只好到美国去学医。6.A.returned B.escapedC.spread D.wandered【解析】选A。逻辑推理题。一毕业,她就回到了蒙特利尔,第一段第一句有提示。7.A.school B.museum C.clinic D.lab【解析】选C。逻辑推理题。学医之后,她回到蒙特利尔开了一家私人诊所。clinic“诊所;门诊部”。8.A.helped B.found C.troubled D.imagined【解析】选B。固定搭配题。findoneselfdoing...“发觉自己在做某事”。此处强调她自己始终忙于做手术。9.A.harmful B.tired C.broken D.weak【解析】选C。逻辑推理题。依据句中的“damagedlimbs”可知此处应选“broken”。setthebrokenbones“接骨”。10.A.putaway B.takenoverC.turnedin D.appliedfor【解析】选D。背景常识题。没有行医执照,所以去申请。applyfor“申请”。11.A.punished B.refusedC.blamed D.fired【解析】选B。逻辑推理题。句中but表示转折的关系。她申请行医执照,但是被拒绝了。12.A.display B.changeC.preview D.complete【解析】选D。逻辑推理题。曼尼托巴医学院要她在一所加拿大的医学院里完成学业。complete“完成”。13.A.sell B.donate C.issue D.show【解析】选C。词语辨析题。由于医学院拒绝发给她行医执照,她只好要求立法机构给她发一个执照,但是也被拒绝了。sell“卖”;donate“捐赠”;issue“颁发”;show“表演”。依据语境选C。14.A.continued B.promisedC.pretended D.dreamed【解析】选A。逻辑推理题。依据语境可知Charlotte在没有执照的状况下,接着行医直至1912年。15.A.birth B.deathC.wedding D.graduation【解析】选B。逻辑推理题。结合上文,发给她行医执照应当是她去世后77年的事了。Ⅳ.语法填空阅读下面短文,在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。WearedeeplysaddenedbythepassingofDr.LiWenliang.Dr.LiWenliang,oneoftheeight“whistleblowers”whotried1.(warn)fellowmedics(医师)of2.novelcoronavirus,diedearlyonFriday.WuhanCentralHospital3.(confirm)inastatementreleasedon4.(it)officialWeiboaccount.“Ourhospital’sophthalmologistLiWenliangwas5.(unfortunate)infectedwithCOVID-19duringhisworkinthefight6.thenovelcoronavirusepidemic,”thestatementread,7.(add)“Hediedat2:58a.m.onFebruary7afterattemptstoresuscitatewereunsuccessful.”“Afteremergencytreatment,LiWenliangpassedaway,”theCentralHospitalofWuhanannouncedonWeibo,China’sversionofTwitter.“WedeeplyregretandmournLi’s8.(die).”Dr.Liisahero,9.willliveinourheartsforever.MayGodblessallthecourageousdoctorsand10.(nurse)fightingonthefrontline.【语篇概述】在疫情爆发之前,他们选择站出来,让更多应当知道真相的人知道了真相。以此文沉痛哀悼和纪念一位宏大的医生——李文亮!1.【解析】towarn。考查固定搭配。trytodosth.“尽力去做某事”2.【解析】the。考查冠词。此处特指新冠病毒。3.【解析】confirmed。考查谓语动词的时态。依据上下文可知此处用一般过去式。4.【解析】its。考查代词。后面的officialWeibo是名词,所以此处用形容词性物主代词。5.【解析】unfortunately。考查副词。此处修饰动词短语beinfected,所以用副词形式。6.【解析】against/with。考查固定搭配。抗击是“fightagainst”或“fightwith”。7.【解析】adding。考查谓语动词。本句主语是statement,thestatementread“声明中写道”,逗号后面用现在分词作伴随状语,表示补充。8.【解析】death。考查名词。依据前面的Li’s可知此处用名词。9.【解析】who。考查定语从句。此处是非限制性定语从句修饰ahero,who在定语从句中作主语。10.【解析】nurses。考查名词复数。依据and前面的doctors可知此处用复数。完形填空ACommitmenttoLifeThesnowwasfallingandtheroadshadbecomedangerous.Theschoolsweredismissedearly,butmuchtomysurprise,my1wasn’tcanceled.SoIwent,feelingespeciallyheroic.AsfarasIcouldsee,Iwasriskingmylifetokeepmy2.Snowornosnow,Iwouldbeontimeformyscheduleddonationatthelocal_____3center.

WhenIgotthere,IdiscoveredIwasn’talone.Fourmore“hero-types”werealreadylyingbackindonorchairswithlines4totheirveins,andmachinesquietlypumpingawayto5theirlifesavinggifts.

Seeingmyfellowdonorshonoringtheirowncommitments,IrealizedwhyIwasthere.Ilaybackinmydonorchair,readytomakeadifferenceinthelifeofsomeoneIwouldnevermeet.Tobehonest,I’dneverreallythoughtaboutwhyIdonate.Ijustdoit.Butafewmonthsago,duringoneofmy6donationsIlearnedthatmybloodwasspecificallyforacancerpatientandforanewbornbaby—bothpatientsneededwhatIwouldgiveinordertolive.I’veviewedmyvisitstothebloodcenter7eversince.

MywifeKarenisa8,too.Andmoreimportantly,shehasbeenonthebonemarrow(骨髄)listforfifteenyears,eversinceshesigneduptoprovidebonemarrowtoakindergartnerwithleukemia(白血病).ThatlittlegirldiedbeforeKaren’sbonemarrowcouldhelpher,butKarenwascalledagainrecently.Hertestresultswerestillonfile,anditturnedoutshewasapotential9forsomeoneelse.ThecalleraskedKarenifshewouldstillbewillingtobecomeabonemarrowdonor.“Yes,”shesaidandthenimmediatelybeganansweringquestionsonthepagesofpaperworkforfurthertesting.Itwasaraceagainsttime.

IwishIcouldsaythatthis10won.Itdidn’t.ThecallerlaterthankedKarenforherparticipationandaskedafewmorequestions—includingwhetherornotshe’d11onthedonorlist.“Ofcourse,”Karenanswered.

LastweekKarengavebloodandnextweekI’llmakemyusualdonation.I’ll12anafternoonfrommyscheduleandmakeanappointment.Idon’tknowwhoselifemydonationmay13.Mostlikelyitwillbeastranger,butonanydaythepersonneedingabloodproductcouldbeyouormeormaybealovedone.Itisworthwhileto14ourtimetodonate.

Ireallydofeel15everytimeIdonate.AndIlikethefeeling.

【语篇概述】作者通过自愿参与献血活动告知我们:你献出的每一份小小的爱心,都可能有大影响。1.A.appointment B.classC.meeting D.flight【解析】选A。逻辑推理题。依据下文可知我要去参与献血活动,应当提前预约。此处指:下大雪了,但我的预约没取消。appointment“预约”。2.A.secret B.balanceC.shape D.word【解析】选D。逻辑推理题。因为下着大雪我还是去了,所以说我是冒着生命遵守诺言的。固定短语:keepone’sword遵守诺言。故选D。3.A.service B.shoppingC.blood D.care【解析】选C。背景常识题。因为要献血,所以到达的是血液中心。所以选C。4.A.exposed B.attachedC.applied D.added【解析