专题二　第3讲　形容词和副词

语法专题专题二第3讲形容词和副词单击此处添加副标题

英语大一轮复习CLICKHERETOADDATITLE内容索引考点精讲一形容词和副词的基本用法考点精讲二

形容词和副词的比较级和最高级考点分层演练语法链接写作<考点精讲一形容词和副词的基本用法>PART.01Iboughtaninteresting①novelyesterday.Thebookissointeresting②thatIcanhardlyletgoofit.Worried③aboutmystudy，mymothertookitaway.However，Ifoundmymotherabsorbed④init.Mymotherisreadingthenovelattentively⑤nowandsheisquite⑤movedbyit.Obviously⑥，shewon’treturnthebooktomesoon.规则感悟①修饰名词，往往用形容词作定语。②在系动词之后，往往用形容词作表语。③表示情绪和精神状态的形容词可以作状语。④在“感官或使役动词＋宾语”之后，形容词可以作宾补，说明宾语的状态。⑤副词可以描述某个动作的情况或者描述动作、行为或状态的程度。⑥副词可以放在句首，作评论性状语，修饰整个句子。1.形容词的构词规则(1)名词转换为形容词的规则类别例词词尾加-ycloud→cloudy，luck→lucky，health→healthy，wind→windy，salt→salty词尾加-(e)dgift→gifted，talent→talented，experience→experienced，detail→detailed，age→aged类别例词词尾加-ful/-lessmeaning→meaningful/meaningless，care→careful/careless，help→helpful/helpless，harm→harmful/harmless，colour→colourful/colourless，use→useful/useless，thank→thankful/thankless词尾加-ablecomfort→comfortable，knowledge→knowledgeable，remark→remarkable，fashion→fashionable，reason→reasonable词尾加-ousdanger→dangerous，courage→courageous，humor→humorous类别例词词尾变-ce为-tabsence→absent，confidence→confident，difference→different，elegance→elegant，persistence→persistent，significance→significant词尾(去e)加-almusic→musical，person→personal，nation→national，education→educational，tradition→traditional，profession→professional词尾去-e加-al或-ialagriculture→agricultural，culture→cultural，globe→global，universe→universal，virtue→virtual，commerce→commercial，finance→financial类别例词词尾加-lyfriend→friendly，week→weekly，love→lovely词尾加-enwood→wooden，wool→woolen词尾去-e或-y加-etic/-icathlete→athletic，energy→energetic，scene→scenic，economy→economic，history→historic其他常见变化habit→habitual，fool→foolish，pleasure→pleasant/pleased，science→scientific，medicine→medical，day→daily，influence→influential，south→southern【注意】以一个辅音字母结尾的重读闭音节名词加后缀-y变成形容词时，要双写该辅音字母再加-y，如：sun→sunny，fun→funny等。以-e结尾的名词加-y变形容词时要去掉e再加-y，如：noise→noisy，ice→icy，taste→tasty等。(2)动词转换为形容词的规则类别例词词前加-alive→alive，wake→awake，sleep→asleep词尾加-ed/-dexcite→excited，educate→educated，relax→relaxed，challenge→challenged，crowd→crowded，balance→balanced词尾(去e)加-ingsurprise→surprising，convince→convincing，frighten→frightening，appeal→appealing，reward→rewarding，invite→inviting(2)动词转换为形容词的规则类别例词词尾(去e)加-ableaccept→acceptable，respect→respectable，enjoy→enjoyable，adjust→adjustable，afford→affordable，bear→bearable，suit→suitable，recognize→recognizable词尾(去e)加-ive/-ative/-itiveact→active，attract→attractive，compare→comparative，compete→competitive，create→creative，impress→impressive，relate→relative，select→selective【注意】以一个辅音字母结尾的重读闭音节名词加后缀-y变成形容词时，要双写该辅音字母再加-y，如：sun→sunny，fun→funny等。以-e结尾的名词加-y变形容词时要去掉e再加-y，如：noise→noisy，ice→icy，taste→tasty等。2.形容词变副词的规则类别例词(1)一般形容词变副词直接在其后加-ly。quick→quickly，anxious→anxiously(2)以辅音字母＋e结尾的形容词直接加-ly，以元音字母＋e结尾的形容词去掉e再加-ly。immediate→immediately，polite→politely，true→truly(3)以辅音字母＋le结尾的形容词要去掉e再加-y。possible→possibly，probable→probably类别例词(4)以辅音字母＋y结尾的形容词要变y为i再加-ly。happy→happily，healthy→healthily(5)以ic结尾的形容词要在其后加-ally。economic→economically，basic→basically(6)以ll结尾的形容词要在其后加-y。full→fully，dull→dully【注意】下面这两个单词是特殊的形式：whole→wholly

public→publicly3.常见的以-ly结尾的形容词(1)表示时间的形容词：hourly每小时的；daily每天的；weekly每周的；monthly每月的；yearly每年的；timely及时的，适时的。(2)表示人的形容词：manly有男子气概的；womanly女性特有的；motherly慈母般的；fatherly慈父般的；comradely同志般的。(3)表示人的外貌、特征、性格、心理等的形容词：lovely可爱的；friendly友好的；ugly难看的；lively活泼的；lonely孤独的；unfriendly不友好的；kindly亲切的；sickly多病的；elderly年长的。(4)表示事物特征、环境、情况、状态的形容词：likely可能的；orderly整齐的；deadly致命的；chilly寒冷的；disorderly乱七八糟的；unlikely不大可能发生的。4.如何区分-ed结尾的形容词与-ing结尾的形容词(1)-ing结尾的形容词主要用于修饰物或事，表示事物的性质或特征，常译为“令人……的”。(2)-ed结尾的形容词通常用于说明人的感受，常译为“感到……的”，也可以修饰事物，多修饰smile(微笑)，appearance(外貌)，face(面部表情)，voice(声音)，look(表情)，expression(表情)等表示人的情绪状况的名词。Hehadapleasedsmileonhisface.他脸上露出了满意的微笑。Hetoldmethenewsinaveryexcitedvoice.他以非常激动的声音告诉了我这个消息。5.常考的连接性副词though然而，可是；meanwhile在此期间；therefore/thus/consequently因此，所以；moreover/furthermore而且，此外；besides而且，另外，还有；however然而；instead相反，代替；anyway/anyhow尽管，即使这样；otherwise否则。Theyoungmancouldn’taffordanewcar.Instead，heboughtausedone.那个年轻人买不起新车，便买了一辆二手的。Thehousewastooexpensiveandtoobig.Besides，I’dgrownfondofourlittlerentedhouse.这个房子太贵、太大了。而且，我已经越来越喜欢我们租的小屋了。6.意义不同的同根副词(1)closeadv.不远地；接近地closelyadv.密切地(2)freeadv.免费地freelyadv.自由地(3)hardadv.努力地hardlyadv.几乎不(4)lateadv.晚，迟latelyadv.近来(5)mostadv.非常；几乎，差不多mostlyadv.主要地(6)wideadv.尽可能远地；充分地widelyadv.广泛地(7)highadv.高highlyadv.高度地(8)deepadv.深地；在深处deeplyadv.深刻地(9)nearadv.在附近nearlyadv.几乎1.Theoldpeoplethereweretalkativeandtheytoldustheir____________

(person)storiescheerfully.2.Thereweremanypeoplewaitingatthebusstop，andsomeofthemlookedveryanxiousand

(disappoint).3.I’llneverforgetthe

(amaze)tripIhadinBeijing，ChinaandIhopetogotherenexttimewithmyfriends.4.Hespentsevendaysinthewindandsnow，coldand

(hunger).对点练习personaldisappointedamazinghungry5.Inthestudy，GBSwasusedtoprovidea

(high)efficientwayofdemonstratingquantumcomputationalspeedupinsolvingsometasks.6.Thetitlewillbe

(official)giventomeataceremonyinLondon.7.

(lucky)，healsohasacowwhichproducesmilkeveryday.8.Iam

(terrible)sorrythatIcan’tgotothebookstorewithyouattheappointedtime.对点练习返回highlyofficiallyLuckilyterribly><考点精讲二形容词和副词的比较级和最高级Inmyfamily，mymotheristhethinnest①.Myfatherismuchtaller②thanherandme，butheistwiceasheavyas③mymother，andbecomingfatterandfatter④.Heisquiteworriedbecausethefatter⑤heis，themorelikely⑤heistobeill.规则感悟①形容词和副词变比较级或最高级，一般直接加-er或-est；以e结尾的直接加-r或-st；以一个辅音字母结尾的重读闭音节词注意双写结尾辅音字母；以“辅音字母＋y”结尾的词，将y变为i再加-er或-est；多音节词前面加more或most。两者或两部分之间比较，多用比较级；三者或三者以上的比较，可以使用最高级。②比较级常常和than连用，并且可以被much，alittle，abit，even，far，still等词修饰。规则感悟③倍数表达法：·A＋谓语＋倍数＋adj./adv.比较级＋than＋B·A＋谓语＋倍数＋as＋adj./adv.原级(＋名词)＋as＋B·A＋谓语＋倍数＋the＋名词(size，length，height，weight等)＋of＋B④“adj./adv.比较级＋and＋adj./adv.比较级”表示“越来越……”。⑤“the＋比较级...，the＋比较级...”表示“越……，就越……”。1.少数以-er，-ow，-y或-le结尾的双音节词，可以加-er构成比较级，加-est构成最高级。clever→cleverer→cleverestnarrow→narrower→narrowesteasy→easier→easiestsimple→simpler→simplest2.有些形容词没有程度可分或其本身就表示某种程度，因此没有比较级和最高级。这类形容词有right(正确的)，wrong(错误的)，possible(可能的)，empty(空的)，first(第一的)，wooden(木制的)，final(最后的)，east(东方的)，last(最后的)等。3.有些形容词和副词变比较级或最高级时为不规则变化，需牢记。good/well→better→bestbad/ill→worse→worstmany/much→more→mostlittle→less→leastold→older/elder→oldest/eldestfar→farther→farthest(指具体空间上)far→further→furthest(指抽象程度上)4.比较级的基本用法(1)同级比较①as＋adj./adv.(原级)＋as...“和……一样”；notas/so＋adj./adv.(原级)＋as...“不如……”Sincepeoplearefondofhumour，itisaswelcomeinconversationasanywhereelse.因为人们喜欢幽默，所以在谈话中或其他任何地方它都是受欢迎的。②当as...as结构中有名词时，可用以下结构：as＋形容词原级＋a(n)＋n.＋as...as＋many＋可数名词复数＋as...as＋much＋不可数名词＋as...I’mnotalittletiredtodayaftergivingtheroomathoroughcleaningandIhaveneverhadastiringadayastoday.今天对房间进行了大扫除之后我非常累，我从来没有过比今天更累的一天了。(2)比较级比较“形容词/副词比较级＋than”表示“两者中一方比另一方更……”。“less＋形容词/副词原级＋than”表示“一方不及另一方……”。Iknowmysisterbetterthananyoneelse.Onceshehasmadeuphermind，nothingcanchangeit.我比其他任何人更了解我姐姐。她一旦下定决心，没有什么能够改变。5.比较级的特殊用法①“more＋原级＋than＋原级”表示“与其说……不如说……”。

Thegirlwasmorefrightenedthanhurt.与其说这个女孩是受了伤，不如说是受到了惊吓。②“morethan＋主语＋can＋谓语”表示“非……所能；……不能”。ThebeautyofthecityismorethanIcandescribe.这座城市的美是我所不能描述的。③形容词比较级前一般不用冠词，但如果出现表示范围的短语时，就需要加定冠词。Ofthetwosisters，Maryisthecleverer.这两姐妹中，玛丽更聪明。6.比较级形式表示最高级含义在某个特定范围内，同类事物对比，可用以下比较级结构表示最高级含义。①比较级＋than＋anyother＋可数名词单数②比较级＋than＋theother＋可数名词复数③比较级＋than＋anyone/anythingelse④比较级＋than＋anyoftheother＋可数名词复数⑤“否定词＋比较级”也可表示最高级含义。ChinaisthelargestcountryinAsia.Thatis，itislargerthananyothercountryinAsia.中国是亚洲最大的国家。即中国比亚洲其他任何国家都要大。Nomanisbetterthanyouintheworld.人世间没有人比你好。Ihaven’treadamoreinterestingnovel.这是我读过的最有趣的小说了。7.最高级的基本用法(1)形容词最高级(＋名词)＋表示范围的状语Sheisthemostactivestudentinourclass.她是我们班最活跃的学生。(2)oneof＋形容词最高级＋名词复数Shanghaiisoneofthebiggestcitiesinourcountry.＝Shanghaiisamongthebiggestcitiesinourcountry.上海是我国最大的城市之一。(3)序数词＋形容词最高级＋名词Africaisthesecondlargestcontinentintheworld.非洲是世界上第二大洲。1.The

(much)wedoforthoseinneed，thehappierwe’llbe.2.Roadsafetyhasaroused

(wide)attentionofthepublicthanbefore.3.Duringtheendofthe19thcenturyandthebeginningofthe20thcentury，BeijingOperafinallyformedandbecamethe

(big)ofalloperasinChina.4.Theelectronicwastestreamisincreasingthreetimes

(fast)thantraditionalgarbageasawhole.5.Ihaveseldomseenmymother

pleasedwithmyprogressassheisnow.对点练习morewiderbiggestfasteras/so1.Whenthehousewasbuilt，itwasmuch

(small)thanitistoday.(2021·浙江6月)2.Xiao

long

bao(soupdumplings)，thoseamazingconstructionsofdelicatedumplingwrappersencasinghot，

(taste)soupandsweet，freshmeat，arefarandawaymyfavoriteChinesestreetfood.(2023·新课标Ⅰ)smallertasty3.Onedaytheemperorwantedtogethisportrait(画像)donesohecalledallgreatartiststocomeandpresenttheir

(fine)work，sothathecouldchoosethebest.(2020·全国Ⅲ)4.Asthesmallboatmoved

(gentle)alongtheriverhewasleftspeechlessbythemountainsbeingsilentlyreflectedinthewater.(2020·全国Ⅲ)返回finestgently<考点分层演练>PART.01单句语法填空层级一基础达标练1.LastOctober，whiletendinghergardeninMora，Sweden，LenaPahlssonpulledoutahandfulofsmall

(carrot)andwasabouttothrowthemaway.2.Handlethemostimportanttasksfirst，andyou’llfeelarealsenseof____________(achieve).3.Althoughheresearchescloning，his

(intend)hasneverbeentocreatecopiesofhumans.carrotsachievementintention4.Intheearly

(fifty)，researchersfoundthatpeoplescoredhigheronintelligencetestsiftheyspokemorethanonelanguage.5.Sheisthe

(twelve)tutor，whohascometolookafterhischildrensincetheirmotherdied.6.Theoldmangoestotheparkevery

(three)day，joggingwithhisfellows.7.Butthesuccessfultestdrillingforfireicedoesnotmeanitcanbeextractedfor

(industry)use.层级一基础达标练fiftiestwelfththirdindustrial8.Theworld’spopulationisincreasingata

(surprise)rateandourenvironmentisfacinggreatpressure.9.Nowadaysit’sthesecond

(large)cityinBulgariaandit’sasignificanteconomic，educationalandculturalcenter.10.Huizhouisfamousforitsstone，woodandbrickcarvings，whichare________(wide)usedinthedecorationoflocalhouses.层级一基础达标练surprisinglargestwidely单句语法填空层级二高考真题练1.Fableswerepartoftheoraltraditionofmanyearlycultures，andthewell-knownAesop’sfablesdatetothe

(six)century，B.C.Yet，theformofthefablestillhasvaluestoday，asRachelCarsonsaysin“AFableforTomorrow”.(2023·全国甲)2.

(difference)fromtraditionalfables，Carson’sstoryendswithanaccusationinsteadofamoral.(2023·全国甲)sixthDifferent3.However，Carson’sthemeisamoreweighty

(warn)aboutenvironmentaldestruction.(2023·全国甲)4.The

(remark)developmentofthiscity，whichisconsciouslydesignedtoprotectthepastwhilesteppingintothemodernworld，meansthereisalwayssomethingnewtodiscoverhere，andIcouldbephotographingBeijingforthenext50years.(2023·全国乙)5.NomatterwhereIbuythem，onesteamerbasketis

(rare)enough，yettwoseemsgreedy，andsoIamalwaysleftwantingmorenexttime.(2023·新课标Ⅰ)层级二高考真题练warningremarkablerarely6.Theytalktothefloodofinternationaltouristsandto

(visit)Chinesezookeeperswhooftencometocheckonthepandas，whichareonloanfromChina.(2023·新课标Ⅱ)7.Theyalsoneedtobereadytogive

(interview)inEnglishwithinternationaljournalists.(2023·新课标Ⅱ)8.So，whataretheylearning？

(basic)，howtodescribeapanda’slife.(2023·新课标Ⅱ)层级二高考真题练visitinginterviewsBasically9.JohnOlson，aformer

(photograph)andhisteamturnpaintingsintofullytextured3Dmodels.(2022·浙江6月)10.Caobelievesthiswillmakethehikingtripevenmore_______________

(meaning).Thetwoofthemcollectedmorethan1,000plasticbottlesalongthe40-dayjourney.(2022·全国甲)层级二高考真题练photographermeaningful语法填空层级三语篇提能练(2023·浙江1月改编)DuringChina’s1.

(dynasty)period，emperorsplannedthecityofBeijingandarrangedtheresidentialareasaccordingtosocial2._______(class).Theterm“hutong”，3.

(original)meaning“waterwell”inMongolian，appearedfirstduringtheYuanDynasty.dynasticclassesoriginally层级三语篇提能练IntheMingDynasty，thecenterwastheForbiddenCity，surroundedinconcentric(同心的)circlesbytheInnerCityandOuterCity.Citizensofhighersocialclasseswerepermittedtolive4.

(close)tothecenterofthecircles.Thelargesiheyuanofthesehigh-rankingofficialsand5.________

(wealth)businessmenoftenfeatured6.

(beautiful)carvedandpaintedroofbeamsandpillars(柱子).Thehutongstheyformedwereorderly，linedby7._________(space)homesandwalledgardens.Fartherfromthecenterlivedthecommonersandlaborers.Theirsiheyuanwerefarsmallerinscaleand8.___________________(simple)indesignanddecoration，andthehutongswerenarrower.closerwealthybeautifullyspacioussimpler/moresimple层级三语篇提能练Hutongsrepresentanimportant9.

(culture)elementofthecityofBeijing.ThankstoBeijing’slonghistoryascapitalofChina，almosteveryhutonghasitsstories，andsomeareevenassociatedwithhistoric10.

(event).Incontrasttothecourtlifeandupper-classculturerepresentedbytheForbiddenCity，theSummerPalace，andtheTempleofHeaven，thehutongsreflectthecultureofgrassrootsBeijingers.返回culturalevents<语法链接写作>PART.021.形容词的名词化表达某些形容词可以用“beof＋抽象名词”来表达。例如：beimportant＝beofimportance

bebeneficial＝beofbenefit

bevaluable＝beofvalue

behelpful＝beofhelp

beuseful＝beofuse运用(2022·全国甲)说到海洋，它对世界非常重要，然而，它的污染正变得越来越严重。______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________典例(2023·天津6月)作为一名来自中国的交换生，我认为不同国家之间的文化交流是非常重要的。

AsanexchangestudentfromChina，Ibelievethatculturalexchangebetweendifferentcountriesisofgreatimportance.Whenitcomestoocean，