职称英语理工类a级模拟47

职称英语理工类A级模拟47

第1部分：词汇选项

1、Whycan11youstopyoureternalcomplaining?

A.longB.everlastingC.

temporaryD.boring

2、"I'mnotmeddling,"Marysaidmildly."I'mjustcurious."

A.gentlyB.shylyC.weaklyD.sweetly

3、Thescientistsbegantoaccumulateahugemassofdata.

A.buildupB.putupC.makeupD.clearup

4、Awillisadocumentwrittentoensurethatthewishesofthedeceased

（已故的）arerealized.

A.fulfilledB.acceptedC.adoptedD.received

5、WhileservingintheSenateintheearly1970sBarbaraJordansupported

legislationtobandiscriminationandtodealwithenvironmentproblems.

A.listB.forbidC.handleD.

investigate

6、EleanorRoosevelt*sdedicationtohumanitariancauseswonheraffection

andhonorathomeandabroad.

A.ontheairB.henceforthC.nearbyD.inforeigncountries

7、Thepolicemanwrotedownalltheparticularsoftheaccident.

A.secretsB.details

C.benefitsD.words

8、Thisremarkabletechnologyprovidesfargreaterclaritythanconventional

x-ray.

A.accuracyB.precisionC.degreeD.

correctness

9、Theseprogrammesareofimmensevaluetooldpeople.

A.naturalB.fatal

C.tinyD.enormous

10、Thearchitectureisharmoniousandnobuildingisoversix-storeyhigh.

A.old-fashionedB.traditional

C.conventionalD.balanced

11>TheGroupofSeven,acliqueofCanadianartistspaintingattheturn

ofthecentury,hasbeencreditedwitharousingawidespreadawarenessofCanada's

ruggedlandscape.

A.stimulatingB.prolongingC.glorifyingD.

encouraging

12>Hewasaverycuteboybutnowheseemstohavenointerestinanything.

A.cleverB.honestC.braveD.

dull

13、Ittookusalongtimetomendthehouse.

A.buildB.destroyC.designD.repair

14>ThepainterLesQuinones,whosegraffitiarthasbeenexhibitedinNewYork

galleries,hasalsopaintedoutdoormuralsinvariousManhattanneighborhoods.

A.soldB.shownC.keptD.praised

15、Thechemicalisdeadlytoratsbutsafetocattle.

A.fatalB.hateful

C.goodD.useful

第2部分：阅读判断

RadiocarbonDating

Nowadaysscientistscananswermanyquestionsaboutthepastthrougha

techniquecalledradiocarbon（放射），orcarbon-14,dating.Onekeyto

understandinghowandwhysomethinghappenedistodiscoverwhenithappened.

Radiocarbondatingwasdevelopedinthelate1940sbyphysicistWillard

F.LibbyattheUniversityofChicago.Anatomofordinarycarbon,called

carbon-12zhassixprotons（质子）andsixneutrons（中子）initsnucleus（原

子核）,Carbon-14zorC-14,isaradioactivezunstableformofcarbonthathas

twoextraneutrons.Itreturnstoamorestableformofcarbonthrougha

processcalleddecay（衰减）.Thisprocessinvolvesthelossoftheextraneutrons

andenergyfromthenucleus.

InLibby*sradiocarbondatingtechniqueztheweakradioactiveemissions

（放射）fromthisdecayprocessarecountedbyinstrumentssuchasaradiation

detectorandcounter.Thedecayrateisusedtodeterminetheproportion

ofC-14atomsinthe1samplebeingdated.

Carbon-14isproducedintheEarth1satmospherewhennitrogen（M）-14,or

N-14,interactswithcosmierays（宇宙射线）.ScientistsbelievesincetheEarth

wasformed,theamountofnitrogenintheatmospherehasremainedconstant.

Consequently,C-14formationisthoughttooccurataconstantrate.Nowthe

ratioofC-14toothercarbonatomsintheatmosphereisknown.Mostscientists

agreethatthisratioisusefulfordatingitemsbacktoatleast50z000years.

AlllifeonEarthismadeoforganicmolecules（分子）thatcontaincarbon

atomscomingfromtheatraosphere.Soalllivingthingshaveaboutthesame

ratioofC-14atomstoothercarbonatomsintheirtissues偿且织）.Oncean

organism（有机体）diesitstopstakingincarboninanyform,andtheC-14

alreadyzresentbeginstodecay.OvertimetheamountofC-14inthematerial

decreases,andtheratioofC-14toothercarbonatomsgoesdown.Interms

ofradiocarbondating,thefewerC-14atomsinasample,theolderthatsample

is.

16>Nowadaysmanyscientistsdependonradiocarbonfordatingage-oldobjects.

A.RightB.WrongC.Notmentioned

17、Theradiocarbondatingtechniqueisonlyabout40yearsold.

A.RightB.WrongC.Notmentioned

18>Anatomofordinarycarbonhassixprotonsandeightneutrons.

A.RightB.WrongC.Notmentioned

19、Radarisusedtodeterminethecharacteristicsofradiocarbon.

A.RightB.WrongC.Notmentioned

20、Radiocarbonisreliableindatinganobjectbacktoatleast50,000years.

A.RightB.WrongC.Notmentioned

21、Whenanorganismdies,theC-14initbeginstodecay.

A.RightB.WrongC.Notmentioned

22>Thehalf-lifeofC-14isabout25,000years.

A.RightB.WrongC.Notmentioned

第3部分：概括大意与完成句子

A.Airportservices

B.Trainingofpilots

C.Beginningperiod

D.RapidgrowthintheU.S.

E.Development

F.Competition

23、Paragraph2

24、Paragraph3

25、Paragraph4

26、Paragraph5

ThePriceofIdleness

1.ElectricaldevicessuchasCDplayers；vidoesandburglaralarmsareconsuming

moreenergyinstandbymodethanwhentheyareactuallybeingused.

2.MariaSanchezandhercolleaguesfromtheLawrenceLivermoreNational

LaboratoryinBerkeley,California,testedmorethan50smallelectrical

applicanceszfromcomputerstodoorbells,electricmowers,VCRs,andpool

pumps.InthecurrentissueofEnergyPolicy,theyreportthatabouthalf

ofallconsumerelectronicsenergyisusedinstandbymode.Thiscosts

Americanconsumers$1billionayearinwastedenergy.

3.Theresearcherssaythatwhileelectronicdevicesarelyingdormant（休

眠状态）,runningtheirclocks,maintaininginternalmemoriesordisplayingtheir

settings,theyconsumearoud40terawatthoursofelectricityintheU.S.

everyyear--enoughtopoweracitysuchasChicagoorLondon.Manymachines

usealmostasmuchpoweronstandbyaswhenworking.Forexample,ittakes

15wattstoplayatypicalCD,butanaverageof11wattstokeepitonstandby.

SatelliteTVsystemsuse14wattswhenactiveand14wattsonstandby.Given

thelonghoursthesesystemsspendidling,eachusesfarmorepowerinstandby

modethanwhenactuallyworking.

4・"Baddesignislargelytoblame,HsaysSanchez.Inaseparatesurveyof

CDplayerslastyear,hercolleagueWolfgangHuberfoundthattwomachines

withsimilarfeaturesused28wattsand2wattsrespectivelyonstandby.nFor

mostproducts,webelievethatstandbypowercanbereducedtoonewattor

lessz"saysSanchez.

5.Shebacksproposalstosetupanationallabelingsystemtopromotemachines

thatmeetthisstandard.Suchasystemcouldreducestandbypowerconsumption

intheU.S.by50percent,sayscoauthorAlanMeier--morethan20terawatt

hoursperyear.Lastmonth,electronicscompanyPhilipsannouncedthelaunch

ofadevicethatcandramaticallyreducethepowerusedinstandbymode.

27、SatelliteTVsystemsuse14watts.

Abaddesign

Bthetotalenergyofthecountry

Cpoweralargecity

Dthemostenergy

Ewastedenergy

Fstand-bypowerconsumption

28、TheenergywastedbytheelectronicdevicesintheU.S.issufficientto

29、Itisfoundthatpowerwasteismainlycausedby.

30、Philipshavestartedtodevelopadevicethatcangreatlyreduce

31、Paragraph2

AFactorsLeadingtoEnergyWaste

BHomeAppliances

CPropsalstoCutEnergyConsumption

DEnergyConsumptionTest

ETerawattHours

FNonessentialElectricityUse

32、Paragraph3

33、Paragraph4

34、Paragraph5

第4部分：阅读理解

第J一篇/ntj

ArcticMelt

Earth*sNorthandSouthPolesarefamousforbeingcoldandicy.Lastyear,

however,theamountoficeintheArcticOceanfelltoarecordlow.

Normally,icebuildsinArcticwatersaroundtheNorthPoleeachwinter

andshrinksduringthesummer.Butformanyyearsztheamountoficeleft

bytheendofsummerhasbeendeclining.

Since1979,eachdecadehasseenan11.4percentdropinendofsummer

icecover.Between1981and2000ziceintheArcticlost22percentofits

thicknesszbecoming1.13metersthinner.

Lastsummer,Arcticseaicereacheditsskimpiestlevelsyet.Bytheend

ofsummer2007,theicehadshrunktocoverjust4.2millionsquarekilometers.

That*s38percentlessareathantheaveragecoveratthattimeofyear.And

it*saverylarge23percentbelowthepreviousrecordlow,whichwasset

just2yearsago.Thiscontinuingtrendhasscientistsconcerned.

TheremaybeseveralreasonsfortheicemeltzsaysJinlunZhang,an

oceanographerattheUniversityofWashingtonatSeattle.Unusuallystrong

windsblewthroughtheArcticlastsummer.Thewindspushedmuchoftheice

outofthecentralArctic,leavingalargeareaofthiniceandopenwater.

ScientistsalsosuspectthatfewercloudscovertheArcticnowthanin

thepast.Clearerskiesallowmoresunlighttoreachtheocean.Theextra

heatwarmsboththewaterandtheatmosphere.InpartsoftheArcticOcean

lastyear,surfacetemperatureswere3.5℃warmerthanaverageand1.5℃warmer

thanthepreviousrecordhigh.

Withbothairandwatergettingwarmer,theiceismeltingfrombothabove

andbelow.InsomepartsoftheBeaufortSea,northofAlaskaandwestern

Canadazicethatmeasured3.3metersthickatthebeginningofthesummer

measuredjust50centimetersbyseason*send.

Thenewmeasurementssuggestthatmeltingisfarmoreseverethanscientists

haveseenbyjustlookingaticecoverfromabove,saysDonaldK.Perovich,

ageophysicistattheU.S.ArmyColdRegionsResearchandEngineeringLaboratory

inHanover,N.H.

SomescientistsfearthattheArcticisstuckinawarmingtrendfromwhich

itmayneverrecover.

35、Whichofthefollowingisclosestinmeaningtotheword"build"inthe

firstsentenceofthesecondparagraph?

A.construct

B.extend

C.create

D.expand

36、WhatistheicecoverintheArcticbytheendof2007summer?

A.4.2millionsquarekilometers

B.11.4millionsquarekilometers

C.1.13millionsquarekilometers

D.38millionsquarekilometers

37>Whatarethereasonsfortheicemeltingaccordingtothescientists?

A.strongwindsandclearskies

B.longsummerandshortwinter

C.openwaterandthinice

D.lightcloudsandlightwinds

38、Whyistheicemeltingfrombothaboveandbelow?

A.Becauseextraheatwarmstheair.

B.Becauseextraheatwarmsthewater.

C.Becausethetemperatureabovethewaterishigher.

D,BothAandB.

39、Whatcanbeapossibletitleforthepassage?

A.WhatarescientistslookingforintheArcticOcean?

B.WhatarescientistsdoingintheArcticOcean?

C.WhyarescientistsworryingabouttheArcticOcean?

D.WhyarescientistsinterestedintheArcticOcean?

弟一^扁

APhoneThatKnowsYou'reBusy

It1samodernproblem：You1retoobusytobedisturbedbyincessant（连

续不断的）phonecallssoyouturnyourcellphoneoff.Butifyoudon11remember

toturnitbackonwhenyou1relessbusy,youcouldmisssomeimportantcalls.

Ifonlythephoneknewwhenitwaswisetointerruptyou,youwouldn11have

toturnitoffatall.Instead,itcouldletcallsthroughwhenyouarenot

toobusy.

Abunchofbehaviorsensors（传感器）andacleverpieceofsoftwarecould

dojustthat,byanalyzingyourbehaviortodetermineifit1sagoodtime

tointerruptyou.Ifbuiltintoaphone,thesystemmaydecideyou1retoo

busyandaskthecallertoleaveamessageorringbacklater.

JamesFogartyandScottHudsonatCarnegieMellonUniversityinPennsylvania

basedtheirsystemontinymicrophoneszcamerasandtouchsensorsthatreveal

bodylanguageandactivity.Firsttheyhadtostudydifferentbehaviorsto

findoutwhichonesstronglypredictwhetheryourmindisinterrupted.

Thepotential"busyness"signalstheyfocusedonincludedwhethertheoffice

doorswereleftopenorclosed,thetimeofday,ifotherpeoplewerewith

thepersoninquestion,howclosetheyweretoeachother,andwhetheror

notthecomputerwasinuse.

Thesensorsmonitoredtheseandmanyotherfactorswhilefoursubjects

wereatwork.Atrandomintervals,thesubjectsratedhowinterruptiblethey

wereonascalerangingfrom"highlyinterruptible"to"highly

not-interruptible".Theirratingswerethencorrelatedwiththevarious

behaviors.nItisashotgun（随意的）approach：weusedalltheindicatorswe

couldthinkofandthenletstatisticsfindoutwhichwereimportant,Hsays

Hudson.

Themodelshowedthatusingthekeyboard,andtalkingonalandlineor

tosomeoneelseintheofficecorrelatedmoststronglywithhowinterruptible

thesubjectsjudgedthemselvestobe.

Interestingly,thecomputerwasactuallybetterthanpeopleatpredicting

whensomeonewastoobusytobeinterrupted.Thecomputergotitright82

percentofthetimezhumans77percent.Fogartyspeculatesthatthismight

bebecausepeopledoingtheinterruptingareinevitablybiasedtowards

deliveringtheirmessagezwhereascomputersdon*tcare.

ThefirstapplicationforHudsonandFogarty1ssystemislikelytobein

aninstantmessagingsystem,followedbyofficephonesandcellphones."There

isnotechnologicalroadblock（障碍）toitbeingdeployedinacoupleofyears,"

saysHudson.

40、Abigproblemfacingpeopletodayisthat

A.theymusttoleratephonedisturbancesormissimportantcalls.

B.theymustturnofftheirphonestokeeptheirhomesquiet.

C.theyhavetoswitchfromadesktopphonetoacellphone.

D.theyaretoobusytomakephonecalls.

41、Thebehaviorsensorandsoftwaresystembuiltinaphone

A.couldhelpstoremessages.

B.couldsendmessagesinstantly.

C.couldtellwhenitiswisetointerruptyou.

D.couldidentifyimportantphonecalls.

42、ScientistsatCarnegieMellonUniversitytriedtofindout

A.whyofficedoorswereoftenleftopen.

B.whenitwasagoodtimetoturnoffthecomputer.

C.whatquestionsofficeworkerswerebotheredwith.

D.whichbehaviorscouldtellwhetherapersonwasbusy.

43、Duringtheexperiment,thesubjectswereasked

A.tocontrolthesensorsandthecamera.

B.toratethedegreestowhichtheycouldbeinterrupted.

C.tocomparetheirbehaviorswithothers1.

D.toanalyzealltheindicatorsofinterruption.

44、Thecomputerperformedbetterthanpeopleinthestudybecause

A.thecomputerworkedharder.

B.thecomputerwasnotbusy.

C.peopletendedtobebiased.

D.peoplewerenotgoodatstatistics.

Itisoftenclaimedthatnuclearenergyissomethingwecannotdowithout.

Weliveinaconsumersocietywherethereisanenormousdemandforcommercial

productsofallkinds.Moreover,anincreaseinindustrialproductionis

consideredtobeonesolutiontotheproblemofmassunemployment.Suchan

increasepresumesanabundantandcheapenergysupply.Manypeoplebelieve

thatnuclearenergyprovidesaninexhaustibleandeconomicalsourceofpower

andthatitisthereforeessentialforanindustriallydevelopingsociety.

Thereareanumberofotheradvantagesintheuseofnuclearenergy.Firstly,

nuclearpower,exceptforaccidentszisclean.Afurtheradvantageisthat

anuclearpowerstationcanberunandmaintainedbyrelativelyfewtechnical

andadministrativestaff.Thenuclearreactorrepresentsanenormousstep

inourscientificevolutionand,whatevertheanti-nucleargroupsays,it

iswrongtoexpectareturntomoreprimitivesourcesoffuel.However,opponents

ofnuclearenergypointoutthatnuclearpowerstationsbringadirectthreat

notonlytotheenvironmentbutalsotocivilliberties.

Furthermore,itisquestionablewhetherultimatelynuclearpowerisacheap

sourceofenergy.Therehave,forexample,beenverycostlyaccidentsin

America,inBritainand,ofcourse,inRussia.Thepossibilityofincreases

inthecostofuranium（铀）inadditiontothecostofgreatersafetyprovisions

couldpricenuclearpoweroutofthemarket.Inthelongrun,environmentalists

argue,nuclearenergywastesvaluableresourcesanddisturbstheecologyto

anextentwhichcouldbringaboutthedestructionofthehumanrace.Thusz

ifwewishto.survive,wecannotaffordnuclearenergy.Inspiteofthecase

againstnuclearenergyout1inedabove,nuclearenergyprogrammesareexpanding.

Suchanexpansionassumesacontinualgrowthinindustrialproductionand

consumerdemands.However,itisdoubtfulwhetherthisgrowth,willorcan

continue.Havingweigheduptheargumentsonbothsides,itseemsthereare

goodeconomicandecologicalreasonsforsourcesofenergyotherthannuclear

power.

45、Thewriter1sattitudetowardnuclearenergyis.

A.indifferentB.tolerant

C.favorableD.negative

46、Accordingtotheopponentsofnuclearenergy,whichofthefollowingis

trueofnuclearenergy?

A.Primitive.B.Cheap.

C.Exhaustible.D.Unsafe.

47、Somepeopleclaimthatnuclearenergyisessentialbecause.

A.itprovidesaperfectsolutiontomassunemp1oyment

B.itrepresentsanenormousstepforwardinourscientificevolution

C.itcanmeetthegrowingdemandofanindustriallydevelopingsociety

D.nuclearpowerstationscanberunandmaintainedbyrelativelyfew

technicalandadadministrativestaff

48、Whichofthefollowingstatementsdoesthewritersupport?

A.Thedemandforcommercialproductswillnotnecessarilykeep

increasing.

B.Nuclearenergyissomethingwecannotdowithout.

C.Uraniumisagoodsourceofenergyforeconomicandecologicalreasons.

D.Greatersafetyprovisionscanbringabouttheexpansionofnuclear

energyprogrammes.

49、Thefunctionofthelastsentenceisto.

A.advancethefinalargument

B.reflectthewriter'sattitude

C.reversepreviouslyexpressedthoughts

D.showthedisadvantagesofnuclearpower

第5部分：补全短文

Brands

Thewordbrandisacomprehensivetermthatencompasses（包含）othernarrower

terms.50Abranddifferentiatesoneseller'sproductsfromthoseof

competitors.Abrandnameconsistsofwordszletters,and/ornumbersthat

canbevocalized.Abrandmarkisthepartofthebrandthatappearsinthe

formofasymbolzdesign,ordistinctivecoloringorlettering.51

Atrademarkisabrandthatisgivenlegalprotectionbecause,underthe

law,ithasbeenappropriatedbyone