职称英语与前年不同内容

CookingOilFumesCauseTumor

Theleadingcauseoflungcanceramongwomeninthecitywascookingoilfumeswhilemenaremorelikelytodevelop

thediseasefromsmoking,saidmedicalexpertsafterafive-yearresearchstudy.

Doctorsannouncedtheresultsyesterdaywithanalysisonsomenewtendenciesinlungcancer.Theysaidpatients

areyounger,especiallywomen.

AccordingtotheShanghaiTumorresearchInstitute,morelocalresidentsdieoflungcancerinthecitythan

anythingelse.Followingbreastcancer,ithasthesecond-highestincidencerate.

“Anunhealthylifestyleisaveryimportantreasonforlungcancer,“saidDrHeYuminfromShanghaiMinshen

TraditionalChineseMedicineTumorDiagnosisandTreatmentCenter.

Hefollowed2,276lungcancerpatientsforfiveyears.Amongthem,1,483weremale.

Smokingcauses70percentofcasesamongmenwhileonly18percentoffemalepatientsdevelopedcancerfromsmoking

orinhalingsecond-handsmoke,accordingtothereport.

However,morethan60percentofwomenwiththediseasehadlongterm,closecontactwithstrongoilfumesfrom

cookingandcomplainedabout1irritatedeyesandthroat.

About32percentofwomenfriedfoodsinboilingoilinunventilatedkitchensandabout25percentofwomen*s

bedroomswereadjacentto2thekitchen.

However,localwomenweresurprisedtolearncookingoilfumescouldleadtocancer.Someclaimedtheymaychange

foodpreparationmethods.

“UnlessmyfamilyandIdon，teatathomeeveryday,Imuststayinthekitchentocook,“saidXuLi,a45-year-old

localwoman."Iknowthefumesarebadfortheskin,butitisthefirsttime1heardthatitcanresultinlung

cancer.Ihavealreadystartedfryingless.〃

Doctorssaidwomen'slungcancerhadfewlinkstopersonalhealthandphysicalcondition,butwascloselyrelated

tofamilycancerhistory,unhealthydietaryhabitsandweakimmunesystems.

Otherexpertsagreedwithhe3.

“Smokingisbyfarthebiggestcause4oflungcancerformen,“saidDrTanBinyong,honorarypresidentofthe

RespiratoryDiseaseInstituteatFudanUniversity，sMedicalCollege."It'struethatsecond-handsmokeand

cookingfumesarethemaincausesamongwomen.〃

He'sresearchalsowarnedpeoplenottostandnearofstallssellingsfriedfoodsduetothepoorqualityof

oilsused.

Thechanceofcatchinglungcanceristhreetimeshigherifexposedtothefumeforalongtime,6expertssaid.

词汇：

fume烟，气，汽

tumor(=tumour)n.肿瘤

cancer癌瘤

breast乳房,胸

incidence发生（率）

diagnosis诊断

inhale秒.吸人

irritate使疼痛,刺激

fry彩.油炸,油煎

unventilate使不通风

adjacent.临近的

dietary饮食的

immune吐免疫的

honorary名誉上的；荣誉的

respiratory呼吸的

stall货摊

注释：

1.complain原意是“抱怨，诉苦〃，但医学上常用complainabout或complainof表示"主诉”。

2.adjacentto：与...相毗邻，临近....（地方）

3.Otherexpertsagreedwithhe.其他专家同意何医生的意见。agreewithsb：同意某人的意见。agreewithsth：同

意什么东西。agreetodosth：同意做什么事情。

4.byfarthebiggestcause：最最大的原因。byfar是用来做形容词最高级thebiggest的状语，对形容词最高级起强

调作用。本来形容词最高级就已经是最高了，可是说话的人还要对它再强调出来，所以就相当汉语的“最最……”的意思。

5...warnedpeoplenottostandnearofstallsselling...：警告人们不要站在卖...的货摊附近。也可以说成.warned

z，

peopleoffstallsselling...o

6....ifexposedtothefumeforalongtime：...如果长时间接触这种烟的话。exposesb.tosth.原意是“使.....

（人）暴露于.....（物）”，但医学文献中常常用来表达“接触到……（物）〃的意思。此处if引导的条件状语从句相当于“if

oneisexposedtothefumeforalongtime”。

练习：

1.Whatanewtendencyinlungcancerisconcludedbytheresearchers?

AMenaremorelikelytodeveloplungcancerthanwomen.

BWomenaremorelikelytodeveloplungcancerthanmen.

CPatientswithlungcancerbecomeolder,especiallymales.

DPatientswithlungcancerbecomeyounger,especiallyfemales.

2.WhichofthefollowingdiseasesisthemostcommonamongthelocalresidentsinShanghai?

AHeartdisease.

BBreastcancer.

CInfectiousdiseases.

DLungcancer.

3.Whatsymptomsmaybe'complainedofbymostwomenwithlungcancerafterlongterm,closecontactwithcooking

oilfumes?

AIrritatedeyesandthroat.

BSeverepaininbothlungs.

CContinuouscoughandheadache.

DDifficultyinbreathin9.

4.Whatwasthelocalwomen*sreactionwhentheylearnedthatcookingoilfumescouldleadtocancer?

AHappy.BSurprised.

CAngry.DCareless

5.Whichofthefollowinghasrelativelylittleconnectionwithwomen'slungcancer?

AFamilycancerhistory.

BUnhealthydietaryhabits.

CWeakimmunesystems.

DPersonalhealthandphysicalcondition.

答案与题解:

1.D文章第二段明确提到，肺癌的新趋势就是“病人更年轻，尤其是妇女”。

2.B文章第三段说到，“肺癌排在乳腺癌之后，发病率第二高〃，可见乳腺癌才是最常见的疾病。

3.A文章第七段说到，“60%以上患肺癌的妇女都长期接触厨房油烟并主诉眼睛和喉咙疼痛难受〃。

4.B文章倒数第七段明确说到，“当妇女们知道厨房油烟可以致癌时都很惊讶〃。

5.D回答此题时，首先要注意倒数第五段中的两处文字，即hadfewlinksto...和wascloselyrelatedto...,其中

linkto意为connectionwith,而relateto则意为connectwith,都是"联系"的意思,只是few和closely的差别却很

大。few和little一样，都是具有否定意义的词，意为“很少，几乎没有〃，只是后面的名词分别为可数名词和不可数名词

而已；它们与afew和alittle不同，afew和alittle具有肯定意义，意为“有几个〃和“有一点〃，后面的名词同样分

别为可数名词和不可数名词。如果这一点明白了，也就很容易回答这道题了。

TheStateofMarriageToday

Istheresomethingseriouslywrongwithmarriagetoday?Duringthepast50years,therateofdivorceinthe

UnitedStateshasexploded：almost50%ofmarriagesendindivorcenow,andtheevidencesuggestsitisgoing

togetworse.Ifthistrendcontinues,itwillleadtothebreakupofthefamily,accordingtoaspokesperson

fortheNationalFamilyAssociation.Somefuturistspredictthatin100years.theaverageAmericanwillmarry

atleastfourtimes,andextramaritalaffairswillbeevenmorecommonthantheyarenow.

Butwhatarethereasonsforthis,andisthepicturereallysogloomy?Theanswertothefirstquestionisreally

quitesimple：marriageisnolongerthenecessityitoncewas.Theinstitutionofmarriagehasbeenbasedfor

yearspartlyoneconomicneed.Womenusedtobeeconomicallydependentontheirhusbandsastheyusuallydidn'

thavejobsoutsidethehome.Butwiththerisingnumberofwomeninwell-payingjobs,thisisnolongerthe

case,sotheydon,tfeelthattheyneedtostayinafailingmarriage.

Inanswertothesecondquestion,theoutlookmaynotbeaspessimisticasitseems.Whiletherateofdivorce

hasrisen,therateofcouplesmarryinghasneveractuallyfallenverymuch,somarriageisstillquitepopular.In

additiontothis,manycouplesnowcohabitanddon'tbothertomarry.Thesecouplesareeffectivelymarried,

buttheydonotappearineitherthemarriageordivorcestatistics.Infact,morethan50%Offirstmarriages

survive.Thestatisticsaredeceptivebecausethereisahighernumberofdivorcesinsecondandthirdmarriages

thaninfirstmarriages.

Soismarriagereallyanoutdatedinstitution?Thefactthatmostpeoplestillgetmarriedindicatesthatit

isn't.Anditisalsotruethatmarriedcoupleshaveahealthierlifethansinglepeople：theysufferlessfrom

stressanditsconsequences,suchasheartproblems,andmarriedmengenerallyconsiderthemselvesmorecontented

thantheirsinglecounterparts.Perhapsthekeyistofindoutwhatmakesasuccessfulmarriageandapplyit

toallofourrelationships!

词汇：

Divorcen.离婚

Evidencen.证据，迹象

Futuristn.未来主义者

Explodev.激增,迅速扩大

Predictv.预言，预料，预报

Extramaritaladj.婚外的

Gloomyadj.阴暗的;令人沮丧的

Institutionn.制度，习俗

Outlookn.展望，前景

Pessimisticadj.悲观的

Cohabitv.同居

Effectivelyad.实际上

Statisticsn.统计，统计资料

Deceptiveadj.迷惑的，骗人的

Outdatedadj.旧式的，过时的

Indicatev.表明,暗示

Consequencen.结果，后果

Contentedadj.满足的，满意的

Counterpartn.对应的人(或物)

注释：

NationalFamilyAssociation：美国国家家庭联合会

练习：

1.WhichistrueabouttheproblemofmarriageintheUnitedStatestoday?

A)Divorceleadstothebreakupofthefamily.

B)Halfofthemarriedcouplesgetdivorced：

C)Americanpeoplemarrymorethanfourtimes.

D)Moreandmorepeoplearegettingdivorced.

2.Whatdoes“thisisnolongerthecase”inparagraphtwomean?

A)Itisnotnecessarytogetmarriedanymore.

B)Womendonotneedahusbandanylonger.

C)Womenarenoteconomicallydependantanymore.

D)Manywivesdowe11-payingjobsoutsidehomenow.

3.Whymaytheoutlookofmarriagenotbeasgloomyasitappears?

A)Manypeoplestillliketogetmarried.

B)Therateofdivorcehasactuallydecreased.

C)Over50%ofthemarriagescontinuetoexist.

D)Thestatisticsofdivorceisnotquitetrue。

4.Howdopeopleusuallyfeelintheirmarriagelife?

A)Theyaremuchhealthier.

B)Theyfeelnolongersingle.

C)Theyaremoresatisfied.

D)Theysufferalotless.

5.WhichofthefollowingaboutmarriageisNOTmentionedinthepassage?

A)Therewillbemorerelationshipsoutsidemarriage.

B)Manypeopletrytogetmarriedagainafterdivorce.

C)Marriagehaslongbeenpartlyaneconomicalneed.

D)Itisafactthatmostpeoplechoosetogetmarried.

答案与题解：

LD从第•段里可以了解到选项A与C都是预计将来会发生的，而不是如今的情况。B选项与第一段第二句"almost50%

ofthemarriagesendindivorce,,不符。第一段第二句里的“therateofdivorceintheUnitedStateshasexploded”、

"theevidencesuggestsitisgoingtogetworse”话语正好说明了D选项的情况。

2.C第二段第四句、第五句说得很清楚，妇女们如今在外工作在经济上不再依赖她们的丈夫，因此觉得无需维持行将失败的

婚姻。

3.A从第三段里可以了解到离婚率并没有下降而是上升了，因此B选项不对。而C选项与第三段里“Infact,morethan50%

offirstmarriagessurvive”所说不符，该选项没有提到是第一次婚姻。同样，D选项在文中也没有说到，文中第三段的

最后一句只是说统计数据具有欺骗性，而没有说数据失实。

4.C文中第四段第三句的后半句说得很清楚，结了婚的人比单身的人更满足。A,D选项提到的是实际情况而不是婚后人们

的感觉，因此不对。文中并没有提到选项B所说的情况。

5.BA选项在第一段最后•句里提到了，C选项和D选项分别在第二段、第四段里提到了，而B选项却没有哪•段具体提到。

ExcessiveDemandsonYoungPeople

Beingabletomultitaskishailedbymostpeopleasawelcomeskill,butnotaccordingtoarecentstudy

whichclaimsthatyoungpeoplebetweentheagesofeightandeighteenoftheso-calledGenerationMlarespending

aconsiderableamountoftheirtimeinfruitlesseffortsastheymultitask.Itarguesthat,infact,theseyoung

peoplearefritteringawayasmuchashalfoftheirtimeagainastheywouldiftheyperformedtheverysame

tasksoneaftertheother.

Someyoungpeoplearejugglinganeverlargernumberofelectronicdevicesastheystudy.Atthesametime

thattheyareworking,youngadultsarealsosurfingontheInternet,orsendingoutemailstotheirfriends,

and/oransweringthetelephoneandlisteningtomusicontheiriPods2orOnanothercomputer.Assomenewdevice

comesalongittooisaddedtothelistratherthanreplacingoneoftheexistingdevices.

Otherresearchhasindicatedthatthismultitaskingisevenaffectingthewayfamiliesthemselvesfunction

asyoungpeoplearetoowrappedup3intheirownisolatedworldstointeractwiththeotherpeoplearoundthem.

Theycannolongergreetfamilymemberswhentheyenterthehousenorcantheyeatatthefamilytable.

Allthiselectronicwizardryissupposedlyalsoseriouslyaffectingyoungpeople，sperformanceatuniversity

andintheworkplace.Whenaskedabouttheirperceptionoftheimpactofmoderngadgetsontheirperformance

oftasks,theoverwhelmingmajorityofyoungpeoplegaveafavourableresponse.

Theresponsefromtheacademicandbusinessworldswasnotquiteaspositive.Theformerfeelthatmultitasking

withelectronicgadgetsbychildrenaffectslaterdevelopmentofstudyskills,resultinginadeclineinthe

qualityofwriting,forexample,becauseofthelackofconcentrationontaskcompletion.Theyfeelthatmany

undergraduatesnowurgentlyneedremedialhelpwithstudyskills.Similarly,employersfeelthatyoungpeople

enteringtheworkforceneedtobetaughtalloveragain,astheyhavebecomedeskilled.

Whileallthismaybetrue,itmustbeborneinmind4thatmoreandmoreisexpectedofyoungpeoplenowadays;

infact,toomuch.Praiseratherthancriticismisdueinrespectof5thewaytoday'syouthareabletocope

despitewhattheoldergenerationthrowatthem.

词汇：

excessiveadj.过多的，额夕卜

interactvi.交流，沟通，互动

multitaskvi.同时进行多个任务

wizardryn.魔力，法术

supposedlyadv.据认为，据推测

hailvt.赞扬

performancen.表现，行为

claimvt.声称，主张

perceptionn.认识，看法，见解

considerableadj.相当大的，相当多的

impactn.影响，作用

gadgetn.小巧的机械装置

frittervt.消费,浪费

overwhelmingadj.压倒性的

jugglevt.耍弄，玩耍

majorityn.大多数

electronicdevicen.电子装置，电子仪器

academicadj.学术的，学校的

declinen.下降，衰退

surfvi.（网上）冲浪，漫游，浏览

concentrationn.专心，专注

indicatevt.表明,指出

remedialadj.补习的，补救的

affectvt.影响

deskilledadj.逐渐失去技能的

isolatedadj.鼓励的，与世隔绝的

dueadj.应有的，适当的

注释：

1.GenerationM：M代表multimedia。GenerationM即"多媒体时代”，是指伴随着计算机和因特网的普及而成长

起来的一代年轻人。他们多出生于1980年之后，热求于计算机、因特网、视频游戏、智能手机。这些新媒体和传统媒体如

电视、印刷品、音响制品结合起来，使得他们的世界异常丰富多彩。“多媒体时代”的另一特征就是可以multitask,即多

项任务同时进行，如他们可以一边上网冲浪、一边听着音乐、一边看着电视里的MTV、一边和朋友短信聊天、同时还做着自己

的家庭作业。

2.iPod：美国苹果公司的一款音乐播放器，除了可以播放MP3音乐外，iPod还可以作为高速移动硬盘使用，可以显示

联系人、日历和任务，以及阅读电子书和聆听有声电子书以及播客(Podcasts)。

3.bewrappedupin...注意力完全集中于...

4.bearinmindt己住

5.inrespectof关于，就....而言

练习：

1.Accordingtoarecentstudy,whatisprobablytrueaboutthemultitaskingGenerationM?

A)Theyarehighlycommendedforbeingsoeffectiveandefficient.

B)Theywastemoretimethantheyshouldsave,contrarytocommonassumptions.

C)Theyshouldprioritizeandfocusonthemostimportanttasksonhand.

D)TheyneedtoimprovetheirorganizationalskillsSOastocompletealltheirtasks.

2.Withtheadventofnewgadgets,whatwillhappentoGenerationM'spresente-devices?

A)Theymakewayforthelatestandgreatestandareretiredbytheyoungpeople.

B)Theyareputawaytemporarilybutstayinrotationfortheirownerstochoosefrom.

C)Theybecomepartoftheeverincreasingcollectionofnovelties.

D)Theyareeithersoldortradedsothattheirownerscanupdatetheirtoysandhobbies.

3.HowwillmultitaskingaffectGenerationMadversely?

A)Itmakesthemfeellonelyandpitiful.

B)Itmakesthemaloofandelusivetofamilyandfriends.

C)Itmakesthemselfishandpossessive.

D)Itmakesthemimpoliteandungrateful.

4.Whatisthebiggestproblemformultitaskingundergraduatesinuniversities?

A)Theyshouldadjusttheiracademicattitudesseriously.

B)Theyshouldseekpsychologicalprofessionalsforassistance.

C)Theyshouldtakesomecrashcoursestocatchupwiththeirclassmates.

D)Theyshouldtryhardertofocusononetaskbeforemovingontothenext.

5.Indealingwithtoday'syouth,whatapproachshouldparentstake?

A)Besupportiveandunderstanding.

B)Berealisticandlowertheirexpectations.

C)Beencouragingandlettheirchildrensticktotheiroldhabits.

D)Bepatientandhopeeverythingwillworkoutjustfineeventually.

答案与题解：

1.B从第一段第•句话中的“aconsiderableamountoftheirtime，z，/fruitlessefforts''以及该段最后一句话中

的“fritteringawayasmuchas…”可以进行同义替换,waste就是fruitless和fritter的同义词。

2.C从第二段的最后一句话中的"addedtothelistratherthanreplacing”可以判断出，这些年轻人的电子设备

是越来越多，而不是A被取而代之、8被轮流使用、D被出售或交换以便买更新的产品。

3.B答案A是文字游戏，原文中〃isolatedworlds〃应该理解为孤立的世界，即独自"alone"，而不是孤独"lonely”。

答案C说他们变得自私和占有欲强，想买更多电子产品，显然不对。答案D说他们变得不懂礼貌和不知感恩，均是对第三段

最后一句话中的"nolongergreet"和"norcantheyeatatthefamilytable”的字面理解。答案B是两个近义词，

重点在性格变化上，变得“若即若离，难以捉摸”。

4.D答案A认为是态度问题，把客观问题主观化。答案B是遇到选项，试图用“remedialhelp”误导大家联想到remedy

一。词，故引出psychologicalprofessional的曲解。答案C把第五段第一句中的“laterdevelopment"和"declineinthe

qualityof…”表象化，认为应该抓紧赶上同学(catchup)。答案D才是正确答案，问题症结在于multitasking难以让

人集中注意力，造成浪费时间、影响表现等后果，这些前文均已提过。

5.A答案A把praise替换成了相对隐性的近义词。答案B只针对最后一段的第一句话，断章取义。答案C前半部分

encouraging还算接近正确答案，后半部分则成了鼓励“将错就错”。答案D认为应采取〃听之任之，“顺其自然”的态度。

WhyPeopleUsePseudonyms

Youcan，tchoosethenameyouaregivenatbirth,butinmanycountriesyoucanchangeitlegallywhenyou

reachadulthood.Ofcourse,mostpeopleneverchangetheirnames--1-一theyfeelunhappyaboutthem.However,

somepeopledo-2-thiscourseofaction-particularlyartists!Whatmakesanartistwanttochangetheirname?

Sometimesit'sforpurely--3--reasons,suchastheNobelPrizewinningpoetfromChile,NeflaliReyes.Hedidn，t

wanthisfatherto-4-hewaswritingpoetry,sohechangedhisnametoPabloNerudawhenhewasayoungman.-5一

othertimesthereasonmayappeareccentric;takethecaseofthePortuguesepoetFernandoPessoa,-一6一一wrote

under75differentnames.

Thereason?”WhenIuseadifferentname,Ialwayswriteinadifferentway,“heexplained.Inmostcases,

一7一-,thereasonisforsocial,historical,political,orculturalreasons.Herearesomeofmost-8一:

Theperson，srealnameisjus--9-longanddifficulttoremember.Let'sbehonest,MadonnaLouiseCiccone

isnotas-10-torememberasjustplain“Madonna”.Andshortnamesaremucheasiertoremember：WilliamBradley

becameBradPittandEdsonArantesdoNascimentobecamePele.

Sometimesnamesarechangedformarketing-11—.Forexample,ifanamesoundstoo“foreign”,itmaybe

changedtosomethingthatismorerecognizableina-12--.Sointhefilmworld,RamonEstsvezadoptedthename

MartinSheen.Ormaybetheartist*sdoesn'tsoundveryattractive-ChadEverettdoes-13-alotbetterthan

RaymondCramto.

Artistssometimes一-14--thenameofsomeonetheyadmire.RobertZimmermanchangedhisnametoBooDylan

becauseofhisadmirationfortheWelshpoet,DylanThomas.

Anotherreasonmaybepracticality:inthepast,womenfounditverydifficulttogetpublished.To-15一

thissituationthey，ssituationtheysometimesgavethemselvesmen'snames,sotheEnglishauthorMaryAnnEvans

becameGeorgeEliot,andshedidgetherbookspublished!

词汇：

pseudonymn.假名，笔名

legallyad.法律上，合法地

eccentricadj.古怪的，反常的

Portugueseadj.葡萄牙的，葡萄牙人的，葡萄牙语的

plainadj.清楚的，明白的

marketingn.推销，营销

recognizableadj.可辨认的,可识别的

attractiveadj.有吸引力的，引人注目的

adoptv.采取，采纳

admireV.赞赏，钦佩

注释：

NobelPrize：诺贝尔奖

练习：

1.A)asifB)asC)evenifD)even

2.A)takeB)makeOdoD)have

3.A)privateB)individualC)ownD)personal

4・A)understandB)knowC)recognizeD)observe

5.A)AtB)0nC)InD)During

6.A)whomB)whichC)whoD)that

7.A)butB)althoughC)thoughD)however

8.A)popularB)commonC)ordinaryD)average

9.A)soB)tooC)veryD)much

10.A)easyB)shortC)simpleD)brief

11.A)aimsB)endsC)goalsD)purposes

12.A、)marketB)filmC)countryD)business

13.A、)lookB)soundC)appearD)seem

14.A)chooseB)giveC)changeD)get

15.A)admitB)assureC)avoidD)affect

答案与题解：

1.C本句前半句提到“大多数人不会改名字”，因此可以判断是选有让步转折意义的"evenif'',其他的选项都没

有这个意思，尤其要注意even是副词，不可以这样用于句首引出从句。

2.A本句的意思是想说“有些人，尤其是艺术家们，会更改名字”。不过，本句没有直接说changetheirnames而是

说采取行动，那么只能用take与action进行搭配，其他动词都不合适。

3.D根据后面suchas后所举的例子知道，某些人改名字完全出于个人的原因，故选择personal。private是指与公

众无关的，私隐的；individual是与集体对立而言，个体的；而own则必须放在物主代词的后面一起来表达属于某人的。

4.B本句是想说他改名字是为了不让父亲了解到他在写诗这件事，因此选know。understand是理解的意思，recognize

是认出，observe是察觉、观察到的意思。

5.A本句里的times是时机、场合的意思，atothertimes是表示“其他的情况”，还有其他的固定搭配也是用at这

个介词，如atalltimes,atthebestoftime等等，其他介词无此搭配。

6.C本句是举葡萄牙人的例子来说明某些人更改名字的理由很奇怪，后半句是想说此人用过75个不同的名字。对本

句结构做出分析后，应该是非限定性定语从句对此诗人做出补充解释，故用whO。that不能用于非限定性定语从句，which

则不能表示人，只能表示物，whom是用来做宾格形式只能作宾语不能作主语。

7.D如果注意到了此空前后的逗号的话就应该知道需要填一个副词来表示转折了，四个选项中只有however是副词，

所以其他的选项都不对。

8.B前徇刚说到大家改名字有社会、历史、政治、文化等方面的原因，通过下面几段里所给出的例子可以知道本句

是想说“下面是几种常见的原因”，所以选common用于指常常发生的情况，而popular是指大家都喜欢的‘ordinary和average

则都是指没什么特别的。

9.B根据后文，本句是想说某些人的名字太长、太难不好记住，是一个too…to…的结构，表达“太……而不能……”

的意思。

10.A.根据上下文知道，本句是想说简单明了的Madonna更容易记住。从本句中的plain一词可以断定不是想说长短,

所以short和brief都不对，而simple则是与复杂相对立的，因此选用easy一词与前句的difficult来对应，后一句话中

的easiertoremember也可以帮助我们选择easy。

11.D此题四个选项都能表示目的，但各有不同，aim是偏重于想要取得的目标；end往往表示最终目的，而且常常用

于指与手段相对应的目的；goal则更多的是指个人或者某群体决心要达到的目标，通常指一般的趋势或方向而没有最终的具

体目标；而purpose则主要是指所向往的结果，是行为、行动的缘由。

12.A根据前一句中的marketingpurposes一词可以判断此旬是想说把名字改成在市场上更好识记的，因此选market,

而不是在某个国家、某部电影或者是某笔生意里更容易辨识。

13.B根据前半句里的doesn'tsound可以判断此处应该选用sound来表示听上去怎样，其他三个选项里的词意上不

恰当。

14.A从后面一句可以推断此句是想说艺术家有时候根据自己所欣赏的人的名字给自己取笔名或艺名。如果用give一词

的话则必须有themselv6s来作间接宾语，不然就不是给他们自己取名字了。也不能用change,但如果是changeinto的话

还可以表示把名字改成别的名字，而get则是“获得”、“得到”的意思，所以只能用choose来表示“选用”的意思了。

15.C本句是想说为了不让作品得不到出版的情况出现而取个男子的名字，因此选avoidoadmit是承认的意思，assure

是确认的意思，，affect则是影响的意思。

WhyPeopleUsePseudonyms

Youcan*tchoosethenameyouaregivenatbirth,butinmanycountriesyoucanchangeitlegallywhenyoureach

adulthood.Ofcourse,mostpeopleneverchangetheirnames一-1一一theyfeelunhappyaboutthem.However,some

peopledo-2--thiscourseofaction—particularlyartists!Whatmakesanartistwanttochangetheirname?

Sometimesit'sforpurely-3—reasons,suchastheNobelPrizewinningpoetfromChile,NeflaliReyes.Hedidn，t

wanthisfatherto-4一一hewaswritingpoetry,sohechangedhisnametoPabloNerudawhenhewasayoungman.--5-

othertimesthereasonmayappeareccentric;takethecaseofthePortuguesepoetFernandoPessoa,--6一一wrote

under75differentnames.

Thereason?”When1useadifferentname,Ialwayswriteinadifferentway,“heexplained.Inmostcases,

一7一-,thereasonisforsocial,historical,political,orculturalreasons.Herearesomeofmost-一8--:

Theperson，srealnameisjus-9-longanddifficulttoremember.Let，sbehonest,MadonnaLouiseCicconeis

notas-10--torememberasjustplain"Madonna”.Andshortnamesaremucheasiertoremember：WilliamBradley

becameBradPittandEdsonArantesdoNascimentobecamePele.

Sometimesnamesarechangedformarketing-11一.Forexample,ifanamesoundstoo"foreign”,itmaybechanged

tosomethingthatismorerecognizableina-12--.Sointhefilmworld,RamonEstsvezadoptedthenameMartin

Sheen.Ormaybetheartist/sdoesn，tsoundveryattractive-ChadEverettdoes-13-alotbetterthanRaymond

Cramto.

Artistssometimes-14--thenameofsomeonetheyadmire.RobertZimmermanchangedhisnametoBooDylanbecause

ofhisadmirationfortheWelshpoet,DylanThomas.

Anotherreasonmaybepracticality:inthepast,womenfounditverydifficulttogetpublished.To-15-this

situationthey*ssituationtheysometimesgavethemselvesmen'snames,sotheEnglishauthorMaryAnnEvansbecame

GeorgeEliot,andshedidgetherbookspublished!

词汇:

pseudonymn.假名，笔名

legallyad.法律上,合法地

eccentricadj.古怪的，反常的

Portugueseadj.葡萄牙的，葡萄牙人的，葡萄牙语的

plainadj.清楚的，明白的

marketingn.推销，营销

recognizableadj.可辨认的,可识别的

attractiveadj.有吸引力的，引人注目的

adoptv.采取，采纳

admireV,赞赏,钦佩

注释：

NobelPrize：诺贝尔奖

练习：

1.A)asifB)asC)evenifD)even

2.A)takeB)makeC)doD)have

3.A)privateB)individualC)ownD)personal

4.A)understandB)knowC)recognizeD)observe

5.A)AtB)0nC)InD)During

6.A)whomB)whichC)whoD)that

7.A)butB)althoughC)thoughD)however

8.A)popularB)commonC)ordinaryD)average

9.A)soB)tooC)veryD)much

10.A)easyB)shortC)simpleD)brief

11.A)aimsB)endsC)goalsD)purposes

12.A^)marketC)countryD)business

13.A、)lookB