2023-2024学年高二英语译林版2020选择性试题Unit1Period1单元知识详解

Unit1FoodmattersPeriod1单元知识详解练习Ⅰ.单词拼写1.Thenbeatthebutterandsugartogetheruntilpaleand____________(奶油色的).2.Thedogquicklylickedthemilkfromthe____________(碟子).3.Thefishistoosmallandtoo____________(咸的).4.Sweeteneddrinkscontainalotof____________(卡路里).5.Itishardtomakeaprofitfeedingobesepeopleatan“allyoucaneat”____________(自助餐).6.Thesmellisveryfamiliartoeveryonewholivesneara____________(面包房).7.Don’tforgettomarkthedateonthe____________(包装纸)!8.Asmallbabyhasno____________(概念)ofrightandwrong.9.Hestoodonthe____________(边缘)ofthecliff.10.Michaelisaprofessionallytrained____________(厨师).Ⅱ.单句语法填空1.Thesepaintscanbeusedindividuallyorin____________(bine).2.Thepathran____________(gentle)downtothesea.3.Thebookwaspublishedin____________(associate)withBritishHeritage.4.Theyarenowunderagreatdealofpressuretotightentheirairport____________(secure).5.Ilikemy____________(fry)eggswithsoysauce.6.Itwasapictureofan____________(adore)littlegirl.7.Hispersonalwealthis____________(estimate)ataround$100million.8.Thecityisa____________(mix)ofoldandnewbuildings.9.Theonlythingyouwouldendup____________(stimulate)issalesofhomesafes.10.Wemustpromoteoriginality,inspirecreativityandencourage____________(innovate).

Ⅲ.翻译句子1.Callmewhenyougetthere,nomatterwhatthetimeis.______________________________________2.Itakemytimewakingup,butthenIwashupquickly.______________________________________3.Beforeyouknowit,yourbestfriendisleavingforBeijingnextweek.______________________________________。4.Itdoesmyheartgoodtoseetheoldplacebeingtakencareofsowell.______________________________________5.Sinceherhusbanddied,shehasthrownherselfintoherwork.______________________________________Ⅳ.阅读理解AIn2015,researchersfromAustralia’sDeakinUniversitypublishedoneofthefirststudiesmeasuringfood’sphysicaleffectonthelefthippocampus(海马体),aseahorseshapedbrainregioncrucialformemory,learning,anddecisionmaking.ItisalsooneofthefirstareastoshrinkinpeoplewithAlzheimer’sdiseaseandotherformsofdementia(痴呆).255peoplefilledoutdietsurveysandthenunderwentMRI(磁共振扫描成像)thatmeasuredtheirbrains.Fouryearslater,theyreturnedforanotherscaninresponsetoarequestfromtheresearchers.Thestudyfoundthatthelefthippocampuswasbiggerandheavierinthehealthyeatersthanintheunhealthyones,regardlessofage,sex,weight,exercisehabits,orgeneralhealth.Thatmeanseatingtherightfoodsandskippingthewrongstuffcouldhelpprotectagainstdeclinesinthinkingandmemorythatleadtodementia.Healthyeatingdoesn’tjustpreventbraindecline.Itraisesscoresonthinkingandmemorytests,accordingtoastudypublishedinMarch2019thattracked2,621Americanwomenandmenfor30years.“Greenleafyvegetableshavegoodeffectsthatmayprotectbothfemalesandmalesagainstcognitive(认知的)declineanddementia,”saysleadresearcherClaireMcEvoy,RD,oftheCentreforPublicHealthatQueen’sUniversityBelfastinNorthernIreland.Evenalittlehealthyfoodgoesalongway.Accordingtoa2018RushUniversitystudythattracked960peoplefor4.7years,participantswhoatejust1.3extraservingsofgreenleafyvegetablesadayshowedcognitiveabilitiessimilartothoseofpeople11yearsyounger.Howarethesepowerfoodsworkingwithyourbraincells?AnimalandtesttubeexperimentssuggestthatpoundsinhealthydietshelpnewcellsmakecopiesofDNAwhentheydivideandmultiply.Meanwhile,highfat,highsugarprocessedfoodsharmbraincells.Whilefoodservesasanimportantbrainprotector,expertssaybrainsupplements(补品)aren’tallthateffective.Studiesshowthattheydon’tmakebraincellsactiveinasignificantlypositiveway.“Letthebuyerbecautious,”saysDavidHogan,MD,aspecialistattheUniversityofCalgary.Astudyofnootropics(益智药)intheNovember2019JournaloftheAmericanMedicalAssociationrevealedthattheunapproveddrug—piracetam(乙酰胺吡咯烷酮)wasfoundinfouroutoffivebrandstested,atlevelsthatcouldcausesideeffectssuchasdepression.1.Whydidtheresearchershavethe255peoplereturnforanotherMRIscanfouryearslater?A.TotestwhethertheyhadAlzheimer’sdisease.B.Toseewhateffectsdietshadonthelefthippocampus.C.Tostudyhowtheykepthealthyinthefouryears.D.TodeepentheirresearchintoAlzheimer’sdisease.2.WhatcanweinferfromParagraph2?A.Healthyeatinghelpstoreducetheriskofdementia.B.Unhealthydietisamajorcontributingfactorincognitivedecline.C.Ageandsexhavenothingtodowithourgeneralhealth.D.Plantbaseddietshavegreatereffectsonwomenthanmen.3.WhichofthefollowingwouldDavidHoganmostprobablyagreewith?A.Brainsupplementsareashelpfulashealthydiets.B.We’dbettertakebrainsupplementsforconvenience.C.Weshouldbecarefulwhentakingbrainsupplements.D.Brainsupplementshaveasmanysideeffectsasprocessedfoods.4.Whatmightbethebesttitleforthepassage?A.YestoGreenLeafyVegetablesB.YestoNootropicsC.NotoIntelligenceD.NotoDementiaBFeelinghungry?Thenwhat’stheeasiestwaytosatisfyyourhunger?Manyofuswillreachforatakeawaymenuandordersomedeliciousbutpossiblyunhealthyfood.Andourincreasinglybusyandstressfullivesaddtoourneedtobuyreadymadefoodonthegoordeliveredtohome.Eatingoptionsareendless,andnewtechnologymeanswecanfeedourdesiresatthepushofabutton.Takeawaydeliveryappsmakeorderingfoodquickandconvenient,andduringtheepidemic,itprovidedalifelinetothosestuckathomewithnothingtocookorwholackedtheskillstoprepareamealforthemselves.It’sestimatedthatintheUKalone,peopleeatthreemilliontakeawaymealsaday,andthethreebiggestdeliveryappstogetherofferachoiceof100dishesfrom60,000restaurants.It’snowonderwearetemptedtoskipthegroceryshopping,bypassthekitchen,andenjoysomethingthatsomeoneelsehasprepared.Butorderingapizza,aspicycurryoraboxofnoodles,caneatapricebothfinanciallyandtoourhealth.Eatingtoomuchprocessedandunhealthyfastfoodhassomeeffectonobesityandtheriskofdevelopingcertaindiseases.Afewyearsago,BBCGoodFoodnationsurveyfoundthatmostpeopleatefastfoodonaveragetwodaysperweek.But,inthe16to20yearoldcategory,oneinsixatefastfoodatleasttwiceaday.Ofcourse,reducingsalt,sugarandfatisonewaytomaketakeawayfoodhealthier,aswellasofferingsmallerportionsizes.Butthebestadviceistofindacookingbookandtrymakingyourownhealthymeal.Andifyouhaven’tgottime,tryorderingahealthieralternativefromthemenu.5.Whathasmadeorderinganddeliveringtakeawayfoodeasy?A.Thefastpacelifestyle.B.Takeawaydeliveryapps.C.Thecoronaviruscrisis.D.Lackofcookingskills.6.WhatcanbeinferredfromParagraph3?A.Processedfoodisusuallysoldatalowprice.B.It’sunbelievableforpeopletoenjoyfastfood.C.Fastfooddoeslessharmtothehealthofadults.D.Theyouthconsumefastfoodmorefrequently.7.Accordingtothearticle,howcanyoueatmosthealthily?A.Preparingmealsyourself.B.Eatinginlargerestaurants.C.Eatingtakeawayoccasionally.D.Addingvegetablesandfruit.8.What’sthetextmainlyabout?A.Thepopularityoftakeaway.B.Thenecessityofcookingathome.C.Theharmcausedbytakeaway.D.Thedilemmatakeawayfaces.Ⅴ.七选五MostAmericansloveChinesefood.However,theChinesefoodservedinmostAmericanrestaurantsisverydifferentfromtheauthenticcuisineenjoyeddailybypeoplelivinginChina.1ThenmanyChineseimmigrantshadtroublelandingajobinAmerica.Tomakealiving,someofthemopenedrestaurants.Overtheseyears,ChinesecuisinehasbeenadaptedtoreflectWesterninfluences.

2TheChinesefoodfoundinWesternrestaurantsismainlycookedthroughfrying.Manydishesarecookedusingvariousfryingmethods.However,traditionalChinesefoodisrarelycookedthroughfrying.Instead,methodssuchasbaking,steaming,boilingandfermenting(发酵)aremoremonlyused.

AnotherbigdifferencebetweenauthenticandwesternizedChinesefoodistheingredientsused.3Someingredients—likecarrots,onionsandtomatoes—arenotoftenusedinauthenticChinesecooking.Inaddition,whileyoucanfindsomeWesterncuisinesthatusestrangemeats—likepigears—mostWesternculturesareprettyconservativeaboutthemeatstheyconsume.AuthenticChinesefood,incontrast,usesawidervarietyofproteinsources,includingtofu,snake,chickenfeet,duckbloodandmanymorethatWesternersgenerallywouldn’tchoosetoeat.

4SweetandSourChicken,forexample,hasnoequivalent(同等物)intraditionalChinesecuisine.Similarly,thefortunecookieisapletelyAmericaninvention.

Indeed,therearenumerousdifferencesbetweenauthenticandwesternizedChinesecuisine,butWesternpalates(味觉)adapttonewflavorseasily.5

A.ThehistoryofwesternizedChinesefoodstartedinthemid1800s.B.WesternizedChinesefoodfeaturesvegetablesthataremoninWesterncuisines.C.TherearesomanyregionsofChina,andtheyallpreparetheirdishesalittlebitdifferently.D.SoitmayonlybeamatteroftimebeforeauthenticChinesefoodbeespopularinAmerica.E.ManyofthemostpopularChinesedishesintheWestarenotservedinChineserestaurantsatall.F.Deepfryingfoodisquick,whichiswhyyoucanusuallygetyourChinesefoodinjustafewminutes.G.OneofthemaindifferencesbetweenauthenticandwesternizedChinesefoodliesincookingmethods.Ⅵ.语法填空Peoplewillconnecttotheirculturalgroupthroughsimilarfoodpatterns.Immigrantsoftenusefoodas1.meansofkeepingtheiridentity.Peoplefromdifferentbackgroundseatdifferentfood.Theareas2.familiesliveinfluencefoodlikesanddislikes.Fooditemsthemselveshavemeaning3.(attach)tothem.InmanyWesterncountries,aboxofchocolatewouldbeviewedasanappropriategift.Thereceiverofthegiftwouldreact4.(different)toagiftofcabbagesorcarrots.Inothercountries,however,chocolatemightbealessappropriategift.

Nationsorcountriesareoftenlinked5.certainfood.Forexample,manypeoplethinkofItalywheneatingpizza.SomefamiliesintheUnitedStatesprefertoeatmeatandpotatoes.Grits(粗玉米粉)6.(eat)byfamiliesinthesouthernUnitedStates.

7.(region)foodhabitsdoexist,buttheyalsochangeovertime.Familiesmovetootherlocations,8.(bring)theirfoodpreferenceswiththem.Theymayusesomelocal9.(ingredient)totrytheiroldrecipes,orexperimentwithnewrecipes.Becausepeopleandfoodaremobile,tryingtodefineacountry’sculturebywhattheyeatisoften10.(accurate).

Ⅶ.读后续写阅读下面材料,根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段,使之构成一篇完整的短文。Bobbywasgettingcoldsittingoutinhisbackyardinthesnow.Bobbydidn’twearboots;orrather,hedidn’townany.Thethinsneakersheworehadafewholesinthemandtheydidapoorjobofkeepingoutthecold.Bobbyhadbeeninhisbackyardforaboutanhouralready.Tryashemight,hecouldnoteupwithanideaforhismother’sChristmasgift.Heshookhisheadashethought,“Thisisuseless.EvenifIdoeupwithanidea,Idon’thaveanymoneyforagift.”Wipingtearsfromhiseyes,Bobbystartedwalkingdowntothestreetwheretheshopswere.Itwasn’teasybeingsixwithoutafather,especiallywhenheneededamantotalkto.Bobbywalkedfromshoptoshop,lookingintoeachdecoratedwindow.Everythingseemedsobeautifulbutsooutofreach.ItwasstartingtogetdarkandBobbyreluctantlyturnedtowalkhomewhensuddenlyhiseyescaughttheglimmer(微光)ofthesettingsun’sraysreflectingonsomethingontheroadside.Hereacheddownanddiscoveredashinydime(十分硬币).NeverbeforehasanyonefeltaswealthyasBobbydidatthatmoment.Asheheldhisnewlyfoundtreasure,warmthspreadthroughouthisentirebodyandhewalkedintothefirststore.Hisexcitementquicklyturnedcoldwhensalespersonaftersalespersontoldhimthathecouldnotbuyanythingwithonlyadime.Hesawaflowershopandwentinsidetowaitinline.Whentheshopowneraskedifhecouldhelphim,Bobbypresentedthedimeandaskedifhecouldbuyoneflowerforhismother’sChristmasgift.TheshopownerlookedatBobbyandhistencentoffering.ThenheputhishandonBobby’sshoulder,saying,“YoujustwaithereandI’llseewhatIcandoforyou.”ThesoundofthedoorclosingasthelastcustomerleftpulledBobbybacktoreality.Allaloneintheshop,Bobbybegantofeellonelyandafraid.注意:续写词数应为150左右。Eventuallytheshopownercameoutandmovedtothecounter.

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____________________________________________________________________Withthebunchofbeautifulrosesinhishands,Bobbybackedoffandthenturnedandran.________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

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____________________________________________________________________参考答案Ⅰ.1.Thenbeatthebutterandsugartogetheruntilpaleandcreamy(奶油色的).2.Thedogquicklylickedthemilkfromthesaucer(碟子).3.Thefishistoosmallandtoosalty(咸的).4.Sweeteneddrinkscontainalotofcalories(卡路里).5.Itishardtomakeaprofitfeedingobesepeopleatan“allyoucaneat”buffet(自助餐).6.Thesmellisveryfamiliartoeveryonewholivesnearabakery(面包房).7.Don’tforgettomarkthedateonthewrapper(包装纸)!8.Asmallbabyhasnoconcept(概念)ofrightandwrong.9.Hestoodontheedge(边缘)ofthecliff.10.Michaelisaprofessionallytrainedchef(厨师).Ⅱ.1.Thesepaintscanbeusedindividuallyorinbination(bine).2.Thepathrangently(gentle)downtothesea.3.Thebookwaspublishedinassociation(associate)withBritishHeritage.4.Theyarenowunderagreatdealofpressuretotightentheirairportsecurity(secure).5.Ilikemyfried(fry)eggswithsoysauce.6.Itwasapictureofanadorable(adore)littlegirl.7.Hispersonalwealthisestimated(estimate)ataround$100million.8.Thecityisamixture(mix)ofoldandnewbuildings.9.Theonlythingyouwouldendupstimulating(stimulate)issalesofhomesafes.10.Wemustpromoteoriginality,inspirecreativityandencourageinnovation(innovate).

Ⅲ.1.无论什么时间,你到了那里就给我打。2.我花了一些时间起床,然后很快地洗漱完毕。3.不知不觉,你最好的朋友下周要动身去北京了。4.看到故居被照管得这么好,我心里很高兴。5.自从她丈夫去世后,她一直埋头于自己的工作。Ⅳ.A【文章大意】这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了健康饮食尤其是绿叶蔬菜对大脑的影响——可以预防老年痴呆。1.【解析】选B。细节理解题。根据文章第一段最后一句可知,他们回来是为了再做一次扫描来给实验提供数据,也就是说研究者想看看饮食对左海马体有什么影响。故选B。2.【解析】选A。推理判断题。根据文章第二段可知,吃健康的食物是对左侧海马体有积极的影响的,健康的饮食有助于降低患痴呆症的风险。故选A。3.【解析】选C。推理判断题。根据文章最后一段Letthebuyersbecautious可知,我们在服用大脑补品时应该小心。因为他发现有些药可以导致像抑郁症这样的副作用的。故选C。4.【解析】选A。标题归纳题。根据全文内容可知,本文都在讲健康的饮食尤其是绿叶蔬菜对海马体的积极影响。故选A。B【文章大意】本文是说明文。外卖递送应用程序使订购和送外卖变得简单,加上人们生活忙碌紧张使得外卖食品在人们生活中越来越普遍。但从健康方面考虑,外卖食品存在着弊端。最健康的选择是自己做饭,如果没有时间,就尽量点健康的食物。5.【解析】选B。细节理解题。根据第二段中“外卖递送应用程序让点餐变得又快又方便”和“这三款最大的送餐应用共提供来自6万家餐厅的100道菜的选择”可知外卖递送应用程序使订购和送外卖变得简单,故选B。6.【解析】选D。推理判断题。根据第三段最后一句可知,几年前,《BBC美食》国度调查发现,大多数人平均每周有两天吃快餐。但是现在,在16到20岁的人群中,六分之一的人每天至少吃两次快餐。通过对比可知现在年轻人吃快餐更频繁。故选D。7.【解析】选A。细节理解题。根据最后一段“Butthebestadviceistofindacookingbookandtrymakingyourownhealthymeal.”可知找一本烹饪书,试着自己做健康的饭菜才是最健康的选择。故选A。8.【解析】选D。主旨大意题。第二段第二句说明了外卖递送应用程序使订购和送外卖变得简单,尤其在疫情期间成了部分人的救生索。第三段介绍了常吃外卖食品不健康,但外卖订餐越来越普遍的现状。这些说明了外卖食品的两面性,Thedilemmatakeawayfaces全面概括了文章内容。而其他选项均是文章内容的某一方面,故选D。Ⅴ.【文章大意】本文是一篇说明文。中国菜到了西方以后受到了西方的影响,文章介绍了西化的中国菜和传统中国菜的不同之处。1.【解析】选A。根据空后内容可知,当时,许多中国移民在美国找不到工作。为了谋生,他们中的一些人开了餐馆。这些年来,中国菜已经适应了西方的影响。因此,A项(西化的中国食物的历史始于19世纪中期)和下文内容相呼应,inthemid1800s和下文的then相呼应,westernizedChinesefood和Westerninfluences相呼应。2.【解析】选G。根据下文的TheChinesefoodfoundinWesternrestaurantsismainlycookedthroughfrying.(西餐厅的中餐主要是油炸的)和traditionalChinesefood...Instead,methodssuchasbaking,steaming,boilingandfermentingaremoremonlyused.(中国传统食物更常用烘烤、蒸、煮和发酵等方法。)可知,G项主要说明了正宗中国菜和西化中国菜的区别之一是烹饪方法。G项可以承接下文,且根据下文的Anotherbigdifference和选项中Oneofthemaindifferences相呼应。3.【解析】选B。根据下文可知,一些配料,如胡萝卜、洋葱和西红柿,在正宗的中国菜中并不常用。因此,B项中的vegetables和likecarrots,onionsandtomatoes相呼应,且语义(西化的中国菜以西餐中常见的蔬菜为特色)承接上下文。4.【解析】选E。根据下文可知,糖醋鸡在中国传统烹饪中就没有类似的食物。因此,E项的语义(许多在西方最受欢迎的中国菜在中国餐馆里根本不存在)可以承接下文,且SweetandSourChicken和themostpopularChinesedishesintheWest相呼应,arenotserved和hasnoequivalent相呼应。5.【解析】选D。根据前文可知,的确,正宗的中国菜和西化的中国菜有很多不同之处,但是西方人的口味很容易适应新的口味。因此,D项语义(所以,正宗的中国菜在美国流行也许只是时间问题)与前文是因果关系。Ⅵ.【文章大意】这是一篇说明文。人们会把相似的饮食模式与他们的文化群体建立联系,但人和食物都是流动的,试图通过人们吃什么来定义一个国家的文化往往是不准确的。1.【解析】a。考查冠词。句意:移民经常用食物作为保持他们身份的一种手段。结合句意表示“作为一种……手段”可知为asameansof...。means首字母是辅音音素。故填a。2.【解析】where。考查定语从句。句意:家庭居住的地区会影响人们对食物的喜恶。此处为定语从句修饰先行