山东省威海市2023-2024学年高一下学期期末考试英语试题（解析版）

高一英语本试卷共10页。满分150分。考试用时120分钟。考试结束后，将答题卡交回。注意事项：1.答卷前，考生务必将自己的姓名、座号、考生号等填写在答题卡上。2.回答选择题时，选出每小题答案后，用铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑。如需改动，用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其他答案标号。回答非选择题时，将答案写在答题卡上。写在本试卷上无效。第一部分听力（共两节，满分30分）第一节（共5小题；每小题1.5分，满分7.5分）听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。1.Whatwillthewomandotomorrow?A.Donateforthecharity.B.Goonacharitywalk.C.Visitthefloodvictims.2.Howmuchisthetelephonebillthismonth?A.$30.B.$100.C.$130.3.Whatwillthespeakersprobablydonext?A.Turnoffthefan.B.Leavetheoffice.C.Setoffthealarm.4.Wheredoestheconversationtakeplace?A.Atarestaurant.B.Inahospital.C.Overthephone.5.Whydidthemanworkatthecharityatfirst?A.Tohelpthehomeless.B.Todoacollegeproject.C.Togetworkexperience.第二节（共15小题；每小题1.5分，满分22.5分）听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟；听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。听下面一段对话，回答第6和第7题。6.Howlonghasthemanbeeninpain?A.Forfivedays.B.Foroneweek.C.Fortwoweeks.7.Whosuggestedthemedicinetotheman?A.Hisfriend.B.Hisdoctor.C.Hiscoach.听下面一段对话，回答第8和第9题。8.Wherearethespeakersnow?A.Inacafé.B.Inanoffice.C.Inaclassroom.9.WhatdoesJimdo?A.Heisalawyer.B.Heisateacher.C.Heisanengineer.听下面一段对话，回答第10至第12题。10.Whobegantoworkaftergraduation?A.Thewoman’sbrother.B.Thewoman’smother.C.Thewoman’sfather.11.Wheredoesthewomanwanttowork?A.Atajuniorschool.B.Ataseniorschool.C.Atauniversity.12.Whatdoesthemansuggestthewomando?A.Makealistofheroptions.B.Askherteacherforadvice.C.Trytochangeherfather’smind.听下面一段对话，回答第13至第16题。13.Wherewasthewomanwhenthemansawher?A.Onthehighway.B.Inthetravelagency.C.Onthestreet.14.Whydidn’tthewomanbookonline?A.Tohelphersister.B.Tosavesomemoney.C.Togetmoreinformation.15.Whatisthewoman’smainconcernabouthertrip?A.Thelongflight.B.Thehotelquality.C.ThefoodinThailand.16.Whatdoesthemanoffertodoforthewoman?A.Takecareofhercats.B.Buyheragift.C.Waterherplants.听下面一段独白，回答第17至第20题。17.Whatseasonisit?A.Summer.B.Fall.C.Winter.18.Whatwilltheclassdothisafternoon?A.VisittheSeaLifeCenter.B.Practicemathandspelling.C.Learnabouttheirsciencetopic.19.Howmuchwilleachstudentpayforthetrip?A.£5.00.B.£10.00.C.£20.00.20.Whatisthetalkmainlyabout?A.Anoticeaboutaschooltrip.B.Anintroductiontoanewlesson.C.Apresentationaboutseapollution.第二部分阅读（共两节，满分40分）第一节（共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中选出最佳选项。AHorseshavealwaysheldaspecialplaceintheheartsofmanyfamousartists.Let’sexploresomeofthemostwell-knownpaintingsofhorsesbyfamousartists.ChineseHorseatLascauxCaveThisChineseHorsepaintingwasfirstdiscoveredin1940attheprehistoriccaveartsites,Lascaux,inFrance.ThepaintingearneditsnameforlookinglikethestyleofaSungChinesepaintingofahorse.Earlyartistscreatedtheirownpaintbrushesfromanimalskinandhairandalsoemployedaspray(喷洒)paintingtechniqueusingahollow(空心的)reedtoblowpigmentthrough.WhistlejacketWhistlejacketdepictsalife-sizedracehorseagainstaplainbackground.Oneofthemostuniquefeaturesofthispaintingisthatitdoesnotsituatethehorseinanyparticularlocation.Rather,itfocusesonlyonthedetailsandcharacterofthehorseinquestion.Inaway,Stubbscapturesthespiritofthehorsethatsuggestsfreedomofspirit,nottiedtoanybackgroundorenvironment,whichmakesthishorsepaintingquitespecialforitstime.HorseFrightenedbyLightningInHorseFrightenedbyLightning,awhitehorseisfrightenedbythelightning,standingonitshindlegsinastorm.Thedaringcolorchoicesanddetailedbrushworkcapturesthereactionoftheanimalwithcare,showingpanicandterror.Theunpleasantweatherishighlightedbythestrongcontrastcreatedbetweenthehorseandthedarkblackandgraycloudsthatcovertheentiresky.ThesymbolismfoundinmostRomantichorsepaintingsincludesthemesofpassion,power,nobility,andintenseemotion.1.WhatdoweknowaboutChineseHorse?A.Itemployedcolorsdaringly.B.Itwaspaintedonanimalskins.C.ItwasaSungChinesepainting.D.Itusedaspraypaintingapproach.2.WhatthemeiscommonlyfoundinRomantichorsepaintings?A.Freedomofspirit. B.Strongemotion.C.Connectionwithanimals. D.Powerofnature.3.Wheremightthetextbetakenfrom?A.Anartmagazinearticle. B.Anartfestivalguide.C.Anartexhibitionposter. D.Anarthistorylecture.【答案】1.D2.B3.A【解析】【导语】这是一篇说明文，主要介绍了马在许多著名艺术家的心中一直占有特殊的地位，文章重点介绍了一些著名艺术家最著名的马画。【1题详解】细节理解题。根据ChineseHorseatLascauxCave中“Earlyartistscreatedtheirownpaintbrushesfromanimalskinandhairandalsoemployedaspray(喷洒)paintingtechniqueusingahollow(空心的)reedtoblowpigmentthrough.”（早期的艺术家们用动物的皮肤和毛发制作了他们自己的画笔，也采用了一种用中空芦苇吹颜料的喷洒绘画技术。）可知，中国马画使用了一种喷洒的方法。故选D项。【2题详解】细节理解题。根据HorseFrightenedbyLightning中“ThesymbolismfoundinmostRomantichorsepaintingsincludesthemesofpassion,power,nobility,andintenseemotion.”（在大多数浪漫主义的马画中发现的象征主义包括激情、权力、高贵和强烈的情感。）可知，浪漫主义马画中常见的主题是强烈的情感。故选B项。【3题详解】推理判断题。根据文章大意以及第一段“Horseshavealwaysheldaspecialplaceintheheartsofmanyfamousartists.Let’sexploresomeofthemostwell-knownpaintingsofhorsesbyfamousartists.”（马在许多著名艺术家的心中一直占有特殊的地位。让我们来探索一些著名艺术家最著名的马画。）可知，文章主要讲的是一些著名艺术家最著名的马画。由此可推知，这篇文章可能出自一篇艺术杂志文章。故选A项。BWhileWestAfrica’sBeninapproachesitsrainyseason,occasionalshowersandstickyhotweatherhavedonelittletolessentheenthusiasmoflocalvillagerswhogatheredtowatchthefirstBeninVillageSuperLeague.SoccerteamsfromtwovillagesinParakou,acentralcityinBenin,competedonasoccerfieldnearthebaseoftheChinesesupportmissionforcottonproductioninBenin,inBelleCiteVillage.Forthepastdecade,theChina-assistedcottontechnologyprojecthasbeenactiveinParakou,amajorcotton-producingregioninBenin.Thelong-termtechnicalassistancehasbuiltstrongrelationshipswithvillagers.Whentheprojectteamlearnedthattheformersoccerfieldhadbeenexpropriated(征用),theydecidedtobuildanewoneusingagriculturalmachineryandrecycledmaterials.Lastsummer,videosofsomesoccermatchesinRongjiangcounty,SouthwestChina’sGuizhouprovince,wentpopularandattractedworldwidetourists.Inspiredbythis,theVillageSuperLeagueinParakouincludesculturalperformancesduringhalftime,featuringChinesemartialartsandBeninesedance.“LocalslovesoccerandIwantedtobringthismodelhereandsetupasimilarleague,”saidShouXiaoyong,headoftheChinesetechnicalteam.NamedtheFriendshipFootballField,thenewfacilitywasopenedinMarchlastyear.ItquicklybecamethepreferredplaceforsocceramongvillagersinBelleCiteandnearbyareas,hostingregularmatches,especiallyduringagriculturaldowntimes.Asthetournamentprogressed,itspopularityrose.Villagersfromsurroundingareastraveledonmotorcycleswiththeirchildrentowatchthematches.YvesKoba,theheadofBelleCiteVillage,praisedtheVillageSuperLeagueforpromoting(促进)communicationandfriendshipamongvillages.“Theleaguehasmadeusmoreunited.Ihopeitcontinuesandthatourvillagersachieveevenbetterresultsnextyear.”4.WhathascausedexcitementamongthevillagersinParakou?A.Thefirstvillageleague. B.TheChina-assistedproject.C.Thenewly-builtfootballfield. D.Thestartoftheharvestseason.5ForwhatreasonwastheFriendshipFootballFieldbuilt?A.Toattractworldwidetourists. B.Toprovideaplaceforsoccerlovers.C.Toinspirelocals’loveforsoccer. D.TobringChinesecultureintofocus.6.Whatisparagraph3mainlyabout?A.HowpopularfootballisinBenin.B.Howthenewfootballfieldwasbuilt.C.WhatBeninVillageSuperLeagueislike.D.WhyChinesevillageleaguemodelwasintroduced.7.WhatdoesYvesKobathinkoftheVillageSuperLeagueinBenin?A.Itbringsinhugemoney. B.Itpromotescross-culturalexchanges.C.Itformsanewtradition. D.Itstrengthensfriendshipamongvillages.【答案】4.A5.B6.D7.D【解析】【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了在中国援助下，贝宁的一个村庄如何通过足球联赛加强社区凝聚力和文化交流的故事。【4题详解】细节理解题。根据第一段第一句“WhileWestAfrica’sBeninapproachesitsrainyseason,occasionalshowersandstickyhotweatherhavedonelittletolessentheenthusiasmoflocalvillagerswhogatheredtowatchthefirstBeninVillageSuperLeague.(虽然西非的贝宁即将进入雨季，但偶尔的阵雨和闷热的天气丝毫没有影响聚集在一起观看第一届贝宁乡村超级联赛的当地村民的热情)”可知，第一届乡村联赛让帕拉库的村民感到兴奋。故选A项。【5题详解】推理判断题。根据第三段最后一句“ “LocalslovesoccerandIwantedtobringthismodelhereandsetupasimilarleague,”saidShouXiaoyong,headoftheChinesetechnicalteam.(“当地人热爱足球，我想把这种模式带到这里，建立一个类似的联赛，”中国技术团队负责人首晓勇说)”和第四段“NamedtheFriendshipFootballField,thenewfacilitywasopenedinMarchlastyear.ItquicklybecamethepreferredplaceforsocceramongvillagersinBelleCiteandnearbyareas,hostingregularmatches,especiallyduringagriculturaldowntimes.(这个名为“友谊足球场”的新设施于去年3月投入使用。它很快成为BelleCite及附近地区村民的首选足球场地，定期举办比赛，特别是在农闲时节。)”可知，建友谊足球场的目的是为足球爱好者提供一个场所。故选B项。【6题详解】主旨大意题。根据第三段的内容“Lastsummer,videosofsomesoccermatchesinRongjiangcounty,SouthwestChina’sGuizhouprovince,wentpopularandattractedworldwidetourists.Inspiredbythis,theVillageSuperLeagueinParakouincludesculturalperformancesduringhalftime,featuringChinesemartialartsandBeninesedance.“LocalslovesoccerandIwantedtobringthismodelhereandsetupasimilarleague,”saidShouXiaoyong,headoftheChinesetechnicalteam.(去年夏天，中国西南部贵州省榕江县的一些足球比赛视频变得非常流行，并吸引了来自世界各地的游客。受到这一点的启发，帕拉库的乡村超级联赛在中场休息时加入了文化表演，其中包括中国的武术和贝宁的传统舞蹈。“当地人热爱足球，我想把这种模式带到这里，建立一个类似的联赛，”中国技术团队负责人首晓勇说)”可知，第三段主要是说为什么要引进中国乡村联赛模式。故选D项。【7题详解】细节理解题。根据最后一段的句子“YvesKoba,theheadofBelleCiteVillage,praisedtheVillageSuperLeagueforpromoting( 促进 )communicationandfriendshipamongvillages.“Theleaguehasmadeusmoreunited.Ihopeitcontinuesandthatourvillagersachieveevenbetterresultsnextyear.”(BelleCite村村长伊夫·科巴称赞乡村超级联赛促进了村庄之间的交流和友谊。“联赛让我们更加团结。我希望它能继续下去，我们的村民明年能取得更好的成绩。”)”可知，科巴认为联赛加强了村庄之间的友谊。故选D项。CEveryyear,travelersheadtoSouthAmericatobeamazedatthevastglaciers,hugeopenskiesandhighmountains.ButatOmoraEthnobotanicalParkonTierradelFuego,visitorsareencouragedtothinksmall.TierradelFuego,aremoteislandatthetipofSouthAmerica,mightofferlittleintermsofanimalsandtrees,butwhenitcomestobryophytes(苔藓植物),itisamongtherichestcornersoftheplanet.Intheareathatcoverslessthan0.01%oftheEarth’slandsurface,morethan5%oftheworld’sbryophytespeciesisfound.Onenteringthepark,you’regivenamagnifyinglens(放大镜).Guidedbyplantexperts,youareinvitedtogetdownonyourhandsandkneestoexplorethelittle-knownworldofTierradelFuego’s“miniatureforests”—thebryophytesthatcovertherocksandtrees.Focusiskey:asyoutiptoethroughthepark,itiseasytomissorevensteponthem.Iwonderedhowinterestingmossescouldbe.ButwhenIgotupclose,theystartedtocometolife.Shapesandcoloursappearedthatwerenotvisibletothenakedeye.Oneplantwasbrightyellow,whileanotherwasgreenwithabrightredtiplikealittlehat.OneofthestrangestplantsisOldMan’sBeard,whichlookslikethinnoodlesandhangsoffthetreesinwebs.AccordingtomyguideLilyLewis,itplaysanimportantroleinthegrowthoftheforest,capturingnutrients(营养)andsaltsblowninontheoceanwind.OldMan’sBeardisextremelyvulnerabletopollution,andhasallbutdisappearedacrossmuchoftheplanet.ButinTierradelFuego,wheretheairandrainareamongthecleanestontheplanet,itgrowswildly.“Thehandlensisyourentrypointintotheworldoftheminiatureforests,”Lewissaid.“Lookingthroughalensremindsyouthatthereareotherviewpointsfromwhichwecanseetheworld.”8.WhichtitlebestdescribesTierradelFuego?A.Awonderlandfortinyplants. B.Auniqueplaceforrarespecies.C.Atopdestinationforhikinglovers. D.Aremotelandwithdifferentlandscapes.9.WhatqualityishighlyvaluedwhileexploringOmoraEthnobotanicalPark?A.Curiosityandcreativity. B.Quicknessandconfidence.C.Calmnessandattentiveness. D.Determinationandcourage.10.Whichcanbestreplacetheunderlinedword“vulnerable”?A.Sensitive. B.Adaptable. C.Beneficial. D.Resistant.11.Whatisthebesttitleforthetext?A.Eco-tourisminTierradelFuego B.AnEncounterwithOldMan’sBeardC.ATinyForestontheTipoftheWorld D.StartYourJourneyofDiscovery,Now!【答案】8.A9.C10.A11.C【解析】【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了火地岛的奥莫拉民族植物公园里的苔藓植物组成了一个微型森林世界。【8题详解】推理判断题。根据第二段“TierradelFuego,aremoteislandatthetipofSouthAmerica,mightofferlittleintermsofanimalsandtrees,butwhenitcomestobryophytes(苔藓植物),itisamongtherichestcornersoftheplanet.Intheareathatcoverslessthan0.01%oftheEarth’slandsurface,morethan5%oftheworld’sbryophytespeciesisfound.(火地岛是南美洲的一个偏远岛屿，在动物和树木方面可能很少，但说到苔藓植物，它是地球上最丰富的角落之一。在地球陆地面积不到0.01%的地区，发现了世界上超过5%的苔藓植物物种)”可知，火地岛虽小，但拥有世界上超过5%的苔藓植物物种，“火地岛是小植物的仙境”适合做标题。故选A。【9题详解】细节理解题。根据第三段“Focusiskey:asyoutiptoethroughthepark,itiseasytomissorevensteponthem.(集中注意力是关键：当你蹑手蹑脚地穿过公园时，很容易错过甚至踩到它们)”可知，在探索奥莫拉民族植物公园时，冷静和专注是最重要的。故选C。【10题详解】词句猜测题。根据倒数第二段“ButinTierradelFuego,wheretheairandrainareamongthecleanestontheplanet,itgrowswildly.(但在火地岛，那里的空气和雨水是地球上最干净的，它疯狂地生长)”以及划线词句“OldMan’sBeardisextremely

vulnerable

topollution,andhasallbutdisappearedacrossmuchoftheplanet.(OldMan’sBeard对污染极其vulnerable，几乎在地球的大部分地区都消失了)”可知，火地岛环境非常好，OldMan’sBeard在火地岛生长得很好，说明对污染很敏感，在地球上的大部分地区几乎都消失了。故划线词意思是“敏感的”。故选A。【11题详解】主旨大意题。根据第三段“Onenteringthepark,you’regivenamagnifyinglens(放大镜).Guidedbyplantexperts,youareinvitedtogetdownonyourhandsandkneestoexplorethelittle-knownworldofTierradelFuego’s“miniatureforests”—thebryophytesthatcovertherocksandtrees.(一进入公园，你就会得到一个放大镜。在植物专家的指导下，您将被邀请跪下来探索火地岛鲜为人知的“微型森林”世界——覆盖在岩石和树木上的苔藓植物)”结合文章主要介绍了火地岛的奥莫拉民族植物公园里的苔藓植物组成了一个微型森林世界。可知，C选项“世界之巅的小森林”最符合文章标题。故选C。DThetimeforactionisnow,atleastwhenitcomestoclimatechange.Ifwedon’ttakemeasuresthatlimitglobalwarming,itmaybeimpossibletostopitsprogress,accordingtoastudypublishedin2018.Thestudyclaimsthatin2035,wewillcrossapointofnoreturn—afterwhichitwillbeextremelyunlikelythatwecanstopEarth’stemperaturefromrisingby2degreesCelsius(2℃)andkickingoffdangerousglobaldisasters.The2℃markisveryimportantforEarth’swell-being.Oncetheplanetwarmsanadditional2℃,scientistspredictarangeofdisastrouseffects,fromwidespreadfloodingincoastalareastoburningheatwavesandextremestorms.Oneimportantareathatcouldslowthemovementtowardapointofnoreturnin2035isthechangingfromfossilfuels(矿物燃料)torenewableenergysources.Buteventhiswillrequiresignificantprogress.Scientistshavefiguredthattheshareofrenewablesworldwidemustgrowbyatleast2percenteachyearinordertoslowtheprocesstowardclimatechange.Twopercentayearmaynotsoundlikemuch,butinthe20yearsleadingupto2017,thepercentageofenergyfromrenewablesgrewbyapoortotalof3.6percent.Thereishope,though.Iftheuseofrenewableenergyweretogobeyondthescientists’model,sayby5percentpereachyear,theclimatechangedeadline(最后期限)couldmovebackbyatleastadecade,theresearchersnote.Also,developingtechnologytoremovegreenhousegasesfromtheatmospherecouldhelpslowclimatechange.ThesegaseschangeEarth’satmosphereandallowittocapturemoreheatfromthesunandcausetemperaturestorise.“Wehopethat‘havingadeadline’maystimulatethesenseofurgencytoactforpolicymakers,”HenkDijkstra,oneofthestudyauthors,said.“Verylittletimeisleft.”12.WhatmighthappenoncetheEarthwarmsanadditional2℃?A.Theclimatesystemwillberebuilt.B.Globalwarmingisuncontrollable.C.Naturaldisastersbecomeunavoidable.D.Timelyactionwillnolongerbenecessary.13.Whatdoestheunderlined“this”inparagraph4referto?A.Theadvancesofscientificresearch.B.Theshiftfromfossilfuelstorenewables.C.Theprocessofslowingdownclimatechange.D.Theincreaseofpublicenvironmentalawareness.14.Whatisparagraph5mainlyabout?AThelimitationofscientists’model.B.Possiblesolutionstoslowingclimatechange.C.Thevalueofthe‘pointofnoreturn’concept.D.SeriouseffectsofgreenhousegasesonEarth.15.Whydotheresearcherssetadeadline?A.Tostresstheneedofglobalcooperation.B.Tocallonpeopletouserenewableenergy.C.Tourgepolicymakerstotakeimmediateaction.D.Toshowtheirdeterminationtostopglobalwarming.【答案】12.C13.B14.B15.C【解析】【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要描述了全球变暖的发展趋势和即将产生的危害，并敦促决策者要立即采取行动加以应对。【12题详解】细节理解题。根据第三段“Oncetheplanetwarmsanadditional2℃,scientistspredictarangeofdisastrouseffects,fromwidespreadfloodingincoastalareastoburningheatwavesandextremestorms.”(科学家们预测，一旦地球温度再升高2摄氏度，就会产生一系列灾难性的影响，从沿海地区的大范围洪水到燃烧的热浪和极端风暴。)可知，一旦地球温度再升高2℃，就很可能无法避免地发生自然灾害。故选C。【13题详解】词义猜测题。根据第四段“Oneimportantareathatcouldslowthemovementtowardapointofnoreturnin2035isthechangingfromfossilfuels(矿物燃料)torenewableenergysources.”(一个可能会减缓2035年走向不可逆转的临界点的重要领域，是从化石燃料到可再生能源的转变。)和划线词所在句“Buteventhiswillrequiresignificantprogress.”(但甚至这样也需要取得重大进展。)可知，“this”指的是上句所提到的“thechangingfromfossilfuelstorenewableenergysources(从化石燃料到可再生能源的转变)”，即theshiftfromfossilfuelstorenewables(从化石燃料到可再生能源的转变)。故选B。【14题详解】主旨大意题。根据第五段“Iftheuseofrenewableenergyweretogobeyondthescientists’model,sayby5percentpereachyear,theclimatechangedeadline(最后期限)couldmovebackbyatleastadecade,theresearchersnote.Also,developingtechnologytoremovegreenhousegasesfromtheatmospherecouldhelpslowclimatechange.”(研究人员指出，如果可再生能源的使用超过科学家的范例，比如每年增加5%，那么气候变化的最后期限可能会推迟至少十年。此外，开发从大气中去除温室气体的技术也有助于减缓气候变化。)可知，该段主要讲述了可能减缓气候变化的解决方案。故选B。【15题详解】推理判断题。根据最后一段研究者HenkDijkstra的话“Wehopethat‘havingadeadline’maystimulatethesenseofurgencytoactforpolicymakers,”(我们希望“设定最后期限”可能会激发决策者采取行动的紧迫感)可知，研究者们设定最后期限是为了敦促决策者立即采取行动。故选C。第二节（共5小题；每小题2分，满分10分）根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。IwouldfeelashamedeverytimeIreceiveanewpackage(包裹)onmydoorstep.Iknowthatbuyingnewstuffisbadfortheplanet.ButeverytimeIbuysomething,Igetsomehappinessthat’shardtogiveup.Recentlyanewbookhasgivenmenewinsights:____16____It’sthewayourbrainshaveevolved(进化).Andtheremaybeawaytobreakthecycle.Weareevolvedfromsimpleorganismsthatsurvivedbecausetheirnetworksofnervecellslearnedtorepeatrewarding(有益的)decisions.Today,wehavebillionsofactioncellsinthebrain.Theyarealwaysformingconnectionstostrengthenrewardingbehavior.____17____Weseekoutthosereleasesindopamine,andatthesametimerepeattheactionsthatleadtothem.____18____Maybeyouweren’teventhinkingaboutbuyingwatercolorpaints.Thensomethingremindedthatyoulikepainting,andyousearchedonlineandfoundtheywerelessexpensivethanyouexpected.Whentheyarrivedonyourdoorstep,theywerebetterthanyouthought.Yourbrainwillbedrawntorepeatthebehaviorthatgotyousomethingunexpectedandgood.Thebestwaytobreaktheoverbuyinghabitsisnottostopbuyingthingscompletely.____19____Imagineyou’veformedahabitofeatingchocolatebeforebedforcomfort,eventhoughyouknowyoudon’tneedthecalories.Youcantryhavingmilkwithcocoapowderasahealthierreplacement,whichprovidessimilarcomfort.Onceyoustartlosingweight,therewardofbeingabletofitintoyouroldclotheswillfeelasgoodasthechocolateoncedoes.____20____Buyinguseditemssatisfiesourdesiretoacquire.Itgivesusthesamegoodfeelingofanunexpectedrewardwithoutconsumingmoreresources.A.Weneedthatsamereplacementforshopping.B.Whetherthatapproachwouldworkisupfordebate.C.Ourbrainsespeciallylikeit,andreleasemoredopamine.D.Mydesiretokeepbuyingthingsisn’tnecessarilyapersonalfault.E.Inthisprocess,dopamineisreleased,helpinguslearnhowtoobtainareward.F.Thegoodfeelingconnectedtounexpectedrewardsispartlywhywelikeshopping.G.Abettersolutionmaybetoreplacetheold,long-termharmfulrewardswithnewones.【答案】16.D17.E18.F19.G20.A【解析】【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章分析了为什么人类喜欢购物以及如何改掉购物的习惯。【16题详解】根据上文“Recentlyanewbookhasgivenmenewinsights(最近一本新书给了我新的见解)”以及后文“It’sthewayourbrainshaveevolved(进化).(这是我们大脑进化的方式)”可知，本句承接上文，说明具体的见解内容。故D选项“我想不停地买东西并不一定是个人的错”符合语境，故选D。【17题详解】根据上文“Today,wehavebillionsofactioncellsinthebrain.Theyarealwaysformingconnectionstostrengthenrewardingbehavior.(今天，我们的大脑中有数十亿的活动细胞。它们总是形成联系来加强奖励行为)”以及后文“Weseekoutthosereleasesindopamine,andatthesametimerepeattheactionsthatleadtothem.(我们寻找多巴胺的释放，同时重复导致它们的行为)”可知，本句承接上文，说明细胞形成联系加强奖励行为会释放多巴胺。故E选项“在这个过程中，多巴胺被释放，帮助我们学习如何获得奖励”符合语境，故选E。【18题详解】根据后文“Maybeyouweren’teventhinkingaboutbuyingwatercolorpaints.Thensomethingremindedthatyoulikepainting,andyousearchedonlineandfoundtheywerelessexpensivethanyouexpected.Whentheyarrivedonyourdoorstep,theywerebetterthanyouthought.Yourbrainwillbedrawntorepeatthebehaviorthatgotyousomethingunexpectedandgood.(也许你根本没想过买水彩颜料。然后有什么东西提醒你喜欢画画，你在网上搜索，发现它们比你想象的要便宜。当它们来到你家门口时，它们比你想象的要好。你的大脑会被吸引去重复那些给你带来意想不到的好东西的行为)”可知，本段主要分析了喜欢购物是因为可以带来良好的感觉。故F选项“与意外奖励相关的良好感觉是我们喜欢购物的部分原因”符合语境，故选F。【19题详解】根据后文“Imagineyou’veformedahabitofeatingchocolatebeforebedforcomfort,eventhoughyouknowyoudon’tneedthecalories.Youcantryhavingmilkwithcocoapowderasahealthierreplacement,whichprovidessimilarcomfort.Onceyoustartlosingweight,therewardofbeingabletofitintoyouroldclotheswillfeelasgoodasthechocolateoncedoes.(想象一下，你已经养成了睡前吃巧克力的习惯，即使你知道你不需要卡路里。你可以尝试用可可粉代替牛奶，这更健康，也能提供同样的舒适感。一旦你开始减肥，能够穿上旧衣服的奖励就像巧克力曾经给你的感觉一样好)”可知，本段给出的建议是通过新的奖励来代替旧的不好的奖励。故G选项“一个更好的解决办法可能是用新的奖励取代旧的、长期有害的奖励”符合语境，故选G。【20题详解】根据后文“Buyinguseditemssatisfiesourdesiretoacquire.Itgivesusthesamegoodfeelingofanunexpectedrewardwithoutconsumingmoreresources.(购买二手物品满足了我们的获得欲望。它让我们在不消耗更多资源的情况下获得意想不到的奖励)”可知，后文提到了购买二手物品来代替购物，故A选项“我们需要同样替代的品来购物”符合语境，故选A。第三部分语言运用（共三节，满分35分）第一节（共10小题；每小题1分，满分10分）阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的四个选项（A、B、C和D）中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。GitanjaliRaoisasophomore(大二学生)andalsoaninventor.Inhershortlife,shehasusedscientificcreativityto____21____manyreal-worldproblems.SinceGitanjaliwasin3rdgrade,shehastriedtoaddressbigsocialproblemswithher____22____.Itwasthenthatshelearnedaboutlead-pollutedwater,andtheterribleimpactithasonchildren’s____23____.Afterlotsofresearch,shemanagedtodesignadevicethatattachestoamobilephoneandcanimmediatelyidentify____24____inwater.Gitanjali’sloveofreal-worldproblemsolvingdidnot____25____there,however.Sincethen,shehasalsoinventedanapptohelppreventcyberbullying.Andanearlywarningsystemtocatchdrugaddictioninyoungadults.Buildingonherexperience,Gitanjaliwantsto____26____otherstousescienceandtechtosolvebigproblems.“Idon’tlooklikeyour____27____scientist.EverythingIseeonTVisthatit’susuallyanoldermanasascientist,”shesaid.“Mygoalhasreallyshiftedfrom____28____myowndevicestosolveproblemstoinspiringotherstodothesameaswell.Because,frompersonalexperience,it’snot____29____whenyoudon’tseeanyoneelselikeyou.SoIreallywanttoputoutthat____30____:“IfIcandoit,youcandoit,andanyonecandoit.”21.A.meetwith B.focuson C.learnfrom D.dealwith22.A.projects B.teams C.talents D.plans23.A.health B.education C.creativity D.behavior24.A.lead B.drugs C.microplastic D.minerals25.A.lie B.end C.work D.reach26.A.teach B.inspire C.advise D.remind27.A.successful B.serious C.modern D.typical28.A.fixing B.testing C.creating D.using29.A.fun B.easy C.helpful D.comfortable30.A.message B.challenge C.theory D.summary【答案】21.D22.C23.A24.A25.B26.B27.D28.C29.B30.A【解析】【导语】这是一篇记叙文，文章介绍了大二学生GitanjaliRao用自己的发明解决社会问题的故事。【21题详解】考查动词短语辨析。句意：在她短暂的一生中，她运用科学创造力解决了许多现实问题。A.meetwith遇见；B.focuson集中注意力于；C.learnfrom从……中学习；D.dealwith处理，解决。结合空后“manyreal-worldproblems”以及下文“addressbigsocialproblems”可知，GitanjaliRao用创意解决现实问题，故选D。【22题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：自从Gitanjali上三年级以来，她就试图用自己的才能解决重大的社会问题。A.projects项目，工程；B.teams团队；C.talents才能，天赋；D.plans计划。根据上文“shehasusedscientificcreativity”可知，她用科学创意解决问题，即自己的才能，故选C。【23题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：就在那时，她了解到铅污染的水，以及它对儿童健康的可怕影响。A.health健康；B.education教育；C.creativity创造力；D.behavior行为。根据上文“shelearnedaboutlead-pollutedwater”可知，她了解到铅污染的水，应是对儿童的健康产生影响，故选A。【24题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：经过大量的研究，她设法设计了一种可以附着在手机上的设备，可以立即识别水中的铅。A.lead铅；B.drugs药物，毒品；C.microplastic微塑料；D.minerals矿物质。根据上文“lead-pollutedwater”可知，她是要解决铅污染的问题，故她发明的设备可以检测水中的铅，故选A。【25题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：然而，Gitanjali对解决现实问题的热爱并没有就此结束。A.lie平躺，撒谎；B.end结束；C.work工作；D.reach到达。结合下文“Sincethen,shehasalsoinventedanapptohelppreventcyberbullying.”可知，她对解决现实问题的热爱并没有就此结束，故选B。【26题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：基于她的经验，Gitanjali希望激励其他人使用科学技术来解决大问题。A.teach教；B.inspire鼓舞，激励；C.advise建议；D.remind提醒。根据下文“inspiringotherstodothesameaswell”可知，她希望激励其他人使用科学技术来解决大问题，故选B。【27题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我看起来不像典型的科学家。A.successful成功的；B.serious严肃的；C.modern现代的；D.typical典型的。根据下文“EverythingIseeonTVisthatit’susuallyanoldermanasascientist”可知，科学家通常是年纪较大的人，Gitanjali是一名大二的学生，故看起来不像典型的科学家，故选D。【28题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：我的目标已经从创造自己的设备来解决问题转变为激励其他人也这样做。A.fixing修理；B.testing测试；C.creating创造；D.using使用。根据上文内容以及文章首句中“aninventor”可知，Gitanjali是一名发明家，故发明、创造设备来解决问题，故选C。【29题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：因为，从我个人的经验来看，当你看不到和你一样的人时，这并不容易。A.fun有趣的；B.easy容易的；C.helpful有帮助的；D.comfortable舒服的。根据上文“inspiringotherstodothesameaswell”以及空后“whenyoudon’tseeanyoneelselikeyou”可知，Gitanjali想要激励其他人也这样做，说明只靠个人发明来解决问题很困难，所以她希望有更多人和她一样，故选B。【30题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：所以我真的很想传达这样的信息：“如果我能做到，你也能做到，任何人都能做到。”A.message信息；B.challenge挑战；C.theory理论