山东省威海市2023-2024学年高一下学期期末考试英语试题（原卷版）

高一英语本试卷共10页。满分150分。考试用时120分钟。考试结束后，将答题卡交回。注意事项：1.答卷前，考生务必将自己的姓名、座号、考生号等填写在答题卡上。2.回答选择题时，选出每小题答案后，用铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑。如需改动，用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其他答案标号。回答非选择题时，将答案写在答题卡上。写在本试卷上无效。第一部分听力（共两节，满分30分）第一节（共5小题；每小题1.5分，满分7.5分）听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。1.Whatwillthewomandotomorrow?A.Donateforthecharity.B.Goonacharitywalk.C.Visitthefloodvictims.2.Howmuchisthetelephonebillthismonth?A.$30.B.$100.C.$130.3.Whatwillthespeakersprobablydonext?A.Turnoffthefan.B.Leavetheoffice.C.Setoffthealarm.4.Wheredoestheconversationtakeplace?A.Atarestaurant.B.Inahospital.C.Overthephone.5.Whydidthemanworkatthecharityatfirst?A.Tohelpthehomeless.B.Todoacollegeproject.C.Togetworkexperience.第二节（共15小题；每小题1.5分，满分22.5分）听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟；听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。听下面一段对话，回答第6和第7题。6.Howlonghasthemanbeeninpain?A.Forfivedays.B.Foroneweek.C.Fortwoweeks.7.Whosuggestedthemedicinetotheman?A.Hisfriend.B.Hisdoctor.C.Hiscoach.听下面一段对话，回答第8和第9题。8.Wherearethespeakersnow?A.Inacafé.B.Inanoffice.C.Inaclassroom.9.WhatdoesJimdo?A.Heisalawyer.B.Heisateacher.C.Heisanengineer.听下面一段对话，回答第10至第12题。10.Whobegantoworkaftergraduation?A.Thewoman’sbrother.B.Thewoman’smother.C.Thewoman’sfather.11.Wheredoesthewomanwanttowork?A.Atajuniorschool.B.Ataseniorschool.C.Atauniversity.12.Whatdoesthemansuggestthewomando?A.Makealistofheroptions.B.Askherteacherforadvice.C.Trytochangeherfather’smind.听下面一段对话，回答第13至第16题。13.Wherewasthewomanwhenthemansawher?A.Onthehighway.B.Inthetravelagency.C.Onthestreet.14.Whydidn’tthewomanbookonline?A.Tohelphersister.B.Tosavesomemoney.C.Togetmoreinformation.15.Whatisthewoman’smainconcernabouthertrip?A.Thelongflight.B.Thehotelquality.C.ThefoodinThailand.16.Whatdoesthemanoffertodoforthewoman?A.Takecareofhercats.B.Buyheragift.C.Waterherplants.听下面一段独白，回答第17至第20题。17.Whatseasonisit?A.Summer.B.Fall.C.Winter.18.Whatwilltheclassdothisafternoon?A.VisittheSeaLifeCenter.B.Practicemathandspelling.C.Learnabouttheirsciencetopic.19.Howmuchwilleachstudentpayforthetrip?A.£5.00.B.£10.00.C.£20.00.20.Whatisthetalkmainlyabout?A.Anoticeaboutaschooltrip.B.Anintroductiontoanewlesson.C.Apresentationaboutseapollution.第二部分阅读（共两节，满分40分）第一节（共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中选出最佳选项。AHorseshavealwaysheldaspecialplaceintheheartsofmanyfamousartists.Let’sexploresomeofthemostwell-knownpaintingsofhorsesbyfamousartists.ChineseHorseatLascauxCaveThisChineseHorsepaintingwasfirstdiscoveredin1940attheprehistoriccaveartsites,Lascaux,inFrance.ThepaintingearneditsnameforlookinglikethestyleofaSungChinesepaintingofahorse.Earlyartistscreatedtheirownpaintbrushesfromanimalskinandhairandalsoemployedaspray(喷洒)paintingtechniqueusingahollow(空心的)reedtoblowpigmentthrough.WhistlejacketWhistlejacketdepictsalife-sizedracehorseagainstaplainbackground.Oneofthemostuniquefeaturesofthispaintingisthatitdoesnotsituatethehorseinanyparticularlocation.Rather,itfocusesonlyonthedetailsandcharacterofthehorseinquestion.Inaway,Stubbscapturesthespiritofthehorsethatsuggestsfreedomofspirit,nottiedtoanybackgroundorenvironment,whichmakesthishorsepaintingquitespecialforitstime.HorseFrightenedbyLightningInHorseFrightenedbyLightning,awhitehorseisfrightenedbythelightning,standingonitshindlegsinastorm.Thedaringcolorchoicesanddetailedbrushworkcapturesthereactionoftheanimalwithcare,showingpanicandterror.Theunpleasantweatherishighlightedbythestrongcontrastcreatedbetweenthehorseandthedarkblackandgraycloudsthatcovertheentiresky.ThesymbolismfoundinmostRomantichorsepaintingsincludesthemesofpassion,power,nobility,andintenseemotion.1.WhatdoweknowaboutChineseHorse?A.Itemployedcolorsdaringly.B.Itwaspaintedonanimalskins.C.ItwasaSungChinesepainting.D.Itusedaspraypaintingapproach.2.WhatthemeiscommonlyfoundinRomantichorsepaintings?A.Freedomofspirit. B.Strongemotion.C.Connectionwithanimals. D.Powerofnature.3.Wheremightthetextbetakenfrom?A.Anartmagazinearticle. B.Anartfestivalguide.C.Anartexhibitionposter. D.Anarthistorylecture.BWhileWestAfrica’sBeninapproachesitsrainyseason,occasionalshowersandstickyhotweatherhavedonelittletolessentheenthusiasmoflocalvillagerswhogatheredtowatchthefirstBeninVillageSuperLeague.SoccerteamsfromtwovillagesinParakou,acentralcityinBenin,competedonasoccerfieldnearthebaseoftheChinesesupportmissionforcottonproductioninBenin,inBelleCiteVillage.Forthepastdecade,theChina-assistedcottontechnologyprojecthasbeenactiveinParakou,amajorcotton-producingregioninBenin.Thelong-termtechnicalassistancehasbuiltstrongrelationshipswithvillagers.Whentheprojectteamlearnedthattheformersoccerfieldhadbeenexpropriated(征用),theydecidedtobuildanewoneusingagriculturalmachineryandrecycledmaterials.Lastsummer,videosofsomesoccermatchesinRongjiangcounty,SouthwestChina’sGuizhouprovince,wentpopularandattractedworldwidetourists.Inspiredbythis,theVillageSuperLeagueinParakouincludesculturalperformancesduringhalftime,featuringChinesemartialartsandBeninesedance.“LocalslovesoccerandIwantedtobringthismodelhereandsetupasimilarleague,”saidShouXiaoyong,headoftheChinesetechnicalteam.NamedtheFriendshipFootballField,thenewfacilitywasopenedinMarchlastyear.ItquicklybecamethepreferredplaceforsocceramongvillagersinBelleCiteandnearbyareas,hostingregularmatches,especiallyduringagriculturaldowntimes.Asthetournamentprogressed,itspopularityrose.Villagersfromsurroundingareastraveledonmotorcycleswiththeirchildrentowatchthematches.YvesKoba,theheadofBelleCiteVillage,praisedtheVillageSuperLeagueforpromoting(促进)communicationandfriendshipamongvillages.“Theleaguehasmadeusmoreunited.Ihopeitcontinuesandthatourvillagersachieveevenbetterresultsnextyear.”4.WhathascausedexcitementamongthevillagersinParakou?A.Thefirstvillageleague. B.TheChina-assistedproject.C.Thenewly-builtfootballfield. D.Thestartoftheharvestseason.5.ForwhatreasonwastheFriendshipFootballFieldbuilt?A.Toattractworldwidetourists. B.Toprovideaplaceforsoccerlovers.C.Toinspirelocals’loveforsoccer. D.TobringChinesecultureintofocus.6.Whatisparagraph3mainlyabout?A.HowpopularfootballisinBenin.B.Howthenewfootballfieldwasbuilt.C.WhatBeninVillageSuperLeagueislike.D.WhyChinesevillageleaguemodelwasintroduced.7.WhatdoesYvesKobathinkoftheVillageSuperLeagueinBenin?A.Itbringsinhugemoney. B.Itpromotescross-culturalexchanges.C.Itformsanewtradition. D.Itstrengthensfriendshipamongvillages.CEveryyear,travelersheadtoSouthAmericatobeamazedatthevastglaciers,hugeopenskiesandhighmountains.ButatOmoraEthnobotanicalParkonTierradelFuego,visitorsareencouragedtothinksmall.TierradelFuego,aremoteislandatthetipofSouthAmerica,mightofferlittleintermsofanimalsandtrees,butwhenitcomestobryophytes(苔藓植物),itisamongtherichestcornersoftheplanet.Intheareathatcoverslessthan0.01%oftheEarth’slandsurface,morethan5%oftheworld’sbryophytespeciesisfound.Onenteringthepark,you’regivenamagnifyinglens(放大镜).Guidedbyplantexperts,youareinvitedtogetdownonyourhandsandkneestoexplorethelittle-knownworldofTierradelFuego’s“miniatureforests”—thebryophytesthatcovertherocksandtrees.Focusiskey:asyoutiptoethroughthepark,itiseasytomissorevensteponthem.Iwonderedhowinterestingmossescouldbe.ButwhenIgotupclose,theystartedtocometolife.Shapesandcoloursappearedthatwerenotvisibletothenakedeye.Oneplantwasbrightyellow,whileanotherwasgreenwithabrightredtiplikealittlehat.OneofthestrangestplantsisOldMan’sBeard,whichlookslikethinnoodlesandhangsoffthetreesinwebs.AccordingtomyguideLilyLewis,itplaysanimportantroleinthegrowthoftheforest,capturingnutrients(营养)andsaltsblowninontheoceanwind.OldMan’sBeardisextremelyvulnerabletopollution,andhasallbutdisappearedacrossmuchoftheplanet.ButinTierradelFuego,wheretheairandrainareamongthecleanestontheplanet,itgrowswildly.“Thehandlensisyourentrypointintotheworldoftheminiatureforests,”Lewissaid.“Lookingthroughalensremindsyouthatthereareotherviewpointsfromwhichwecanseetheworld.”8.WhichtitlebestdescribesTierradelFuego?A.Awonderlandfortinyplants. B.Auniqueplaceforrarespecies.C.Atopdestinationforhikinglovers. D.Aremotelandwithdifferentlandscapes.9.WhatqualityishighlyvaluedwhileexploringOmoraEthnobotanicalPark?A.Curiosityandcreativity. B.Quicknessandconfidence.C.Calmnessandattentiveness. D.Determinationandcourage.10.Whichcanbestreplacetheunderlinedword“vulnerable”?A.Sensitive. B.Adaptable. C.Beneficial. D.Resistant.11.Whatisthebesttitleforthetext?A.Eco-tourisminTierradelFuego B.AnEncounterwithOldMan’sBeardC.ATinyForestontheTipoftheWorld D.StartYourJourneyofDiscovery,Now!DThetimeforactionisnow,atleastwhenitcomestoclimatechange.Ifwedon’ttakemeasuresthatlimitglobalwarming,itmaybeimpossibletostopitsprogress,accordingtoastudypublishedin2018.Thestudyclaimsthatin2035,wewillcrossapointofnoreturn—afterwhichitwillbeextremelyunlikelythatwecanstopEarth’stemperaturefromrisingby2degreesCelsius(2℃)andkickingoffdangerousglobaldisasters.The2℃markisveryimportantforEarth’swell-being.Oncetheplanetwarmsanadditional2℃,scientistspredictarangeofdisastrouseffects,fromwidespreadfloodingincoastalareastoburningheatwavesandextremestorms.Oneimportantareathatcouldslowthemovementtowardapointofnoreturnin2035isthechangingfromfossilfuels(矿物燃料)torenewableenergysources.Buteventhiswillrequiresignificantprogress.Scientistshavefiguredthattheshareofrenewablesworldwidemustgrowbyatleast2percenteachyearinordertoslowtheprocesstowardclimatechange.Twopercentayearmaynotsoundlikemuch,butinthe20yearsleadingupto2017,thepercentageofenergyfromrenewablesgrewbyapoortotalof3.6percent.Thereishope,though.Iftheuseofrenewableenergyweretogobeyondthescientists’model,sayby5percentpereachyear,theclimatechangedeadline(最后期限)couldmovebackbyatleastadecade,theresearchersnote.Also,developingtechnologytoremovegreenhousegasesfromtheatmospherecouldhelpslowclimatechange.ThesegaseschangeEarth’satmosphereandallowittocapturemoreheatfromthesunandcausetemperaturestorise.“Wehopethat‘havingadeadline’maystimulatethesenseofurgencytoactforpolicymakers,”HenkDijkstra,oneofthestudyauthors,said.“Verylittletimeisleft.”12.WhatmighthappenoncetheEarthwarmsanadditional2℃?A.Theclimatesystemwillberebuilt.B.Globalwarmingisuncontrollable.C.Naturaldisastersbecomeunavoidable.D.Timelyactionwillnolongerbenecessary.13.Whatdoestheunderlined“this”inparagraph4referto?A.Theadvancesofscientificresearch.B.Theshiftfromfossilfuelstorenewables.C.Theprocessofslowingdownclimatechange.D.Theincreaseofpublicenvironmentalawareness.14.Whatisparagraph5mainlyabout?A.Thelimitationofscientists’model.B.Possiblesolutionstoslowingclimatechange.C.Thevalueofthe‘pointofnoreturn’concept.DSeriouseffectsofgreenhousegasesonEarth.15.Whydotheresearcherssetadeadline?A.Tostresstheneedofglobalcooperation.B.Tocallonpeopletouserenewableenergy.C.Tourgepolicymakerstotakeimmediateaction.D.Toshowtheirdeterminationtostopglobalwarming.第二节（共5小题；每小题2分，满分10分）根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。IwouldfeelashamedeverytimeIreceiveanewpackage(包裹)onmydoorstep.Iknowthatbuyingnewstuffisbadfortheplanet.ButeverytimeIbuysomething,Igetsomehappinessthat’shardtogiveup.Recentlyanewbookhasgivenmenewinsights:____16____It’sthewayourbrainshaveevolved(进化).Andtheremaybeawaytobreakthecycle.Weareevolvedfromsimpleorganismsthatsurvivedbecausetheirnetworksofnervecellslearnedtorepeatrewarding(有益的)decisions.Today,wehavebillionsofactioncellsinthebrain.Theyarealwaysformingconnectionstostrengthenrewardingbehavior.____17____Weseekoutthosereleasesindopamine,andatthesametimerepeattheactionsthatleadtothem.____18____Maybeyouweren’teventhinkingaboutbuyingwatercolorpaints.Thensomethingremindedthatyoulikepainting,andyousearchedonlineandfoundtheywerelessexpensivethanyouexpected.Whentheyarrivedonyourdoorstep,theywerebetterthanyouthought.Yourbrainwillbedrawntorepeatthebehaviorthatgotyousomethingunexpectedandgood.Thebestwaytobreaktheoverbuyinghabitsisnottostopbuyingthingscompletely.____19____Imagineyou’veformedahabitofeatingchocolatebeforebedforcomfort,eventhoughyouknowyoudon’tneedthecalories.Youcantryhavingmilkwithcocoapowderasahealthierreplacement,whichprovidessimilarcomfort.Onceyoustartlosingweight,therewardofbeingabletofitintoyouroldclotheswillfeelasgoodasthechocolateoncedoes.____20____Buyinguseditemssatisfiesourdesiretoacquire.Itgivesusthesamegoodfeelingofanunexpectedrewardwithoutconsumingmoreresources.A.Weneedthatsamereplacementforshopping.B.Whetherthatapproachwouldworkisupfordebate.C.Ourbrainsespeciallylikeitandreleasemoredopamine.D.Mydesiretokeepbuyingthingsisn’tnecessarilyapersonalfault.E.Inthisprocess,dopamineisreleased,helpinguslearnhowtoobtainareward.FThegoodfeelingconnectedtounexpectedrewardsispartlywhywelikeshopping.G.Abettersolutionmaybetoreplacetheold,long-termharmfulrewardswithnewones.第三部分语言运用（共三节，满分35分）第一节（共10小题；每小题1分，满分10分）阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的四个选项（A、B、C和D）中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。GitanjaliRaoisasophomore(大二学生)andalsoaninventor.Inhershortlife,shehasusedscientificcreativityto____21____manyreal-worldproblems.SinceGitanjaliwasin3rdgrade,shehastriedtoaddressbigsocialproblemswithher____22____.Itwasthenthatshelearnedaboutlead-pollutedwater,andtheterribleimpactithasonchildren’s____23____.Afterlotsofresearch,shemanagedtodesignadevicethatattachestoamobilephoneandcanimmediatelyidentify____24____inwater.Gitanjali’sloveofreal-worldproblemsolvingdidnot____25____there,however.Sincethen,shehasalsoinventedanapptohelppreventcyberbullying.Andanearlywarningsystemtocatchdrugaddictioninyoungadults.BuildingonherexperienceGitanjaliwantsto____26____otherstousescienceandtechtosolvebigproblems.“Idon’tlooklikeyour____27____scientist.EverythingIseeonTVisthatit’susuallyanoldermanasascientist,”shesaid.“Mygoalhasreallyshiftedfrom____28____myowndevicestosolveproblemstoinspiringotherstodothesameaswell.Because,frompersonalexperience,it’snot____29____whenyoudon’tseeanyoneelselikeyou.SoIreallywanttoputoutthat____30____:“IfIcandoit,youcandoit,andanyonecandoit.”21.A.meetwith B.focuson C.learnfrom D.dealwith22.A.projects B.teams C.talents D.plans23.A.health B.education C.creativity D.behavior24.A.lead B.drugs C.microplastic D.minerals25.A.lie B.end C.work D.reach26.A.teach B.inspire C.advise D.remind27.A.successful B.serious C.modern D.typical28.A.fixing B.testing C.creating D.using29.A.fun B.easy C.helpful D.comfortable30.A.message B.challenge C.theory D.summary第二节（共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。Chineseshadowpuppetry(皮影戏)isprobablyoneofthemostancientartsusinglightandshadow.Generally,shadowpuppetryisa____31____(combine)ofvariousartformsinvolvingpainting,carving,music,operaperformanceandstory-telling.DatingbacktotheHanDynasty,shadowpuppetryreacheditsgoldenageintheQingDynasty.Atthattime,it____32____(perform)inalmosteveryprovince,andatvariouscelebrations,ranging____33____weddingstofestivalcelebrations.Itisnotaneasyjobtomakethepuppets(木偶)____34____(use)inperformances.Mostofthemaremadeofleathers,____35____mustbecarefullyselectedandrepeatedlypolishedandprocessedbeforetheyarereadyforcarvingthepuppets.Whentheleathersbecometransparent,fineandsmoothenough,theartistswouldpaintthecharactersonthem,andthencarvethemoutwithtools.Thebodypartsofthepuppetsareseparatelycutoutandjoinedtogether,sothattheycouldhaveasmuchas24movablejoints(关节).Performersholdthemwithsticksconnectedto____36____(they)mostimportantjointsduringtheperformances,sothatthepuppetscouldbeshownas“____37____(move)images”onthescreens.With____38____riseofvariousformsofentertainment,shadowpuppetryhasbeenlosingitsshine.However,localartistsacrossChina____39____(explore)waystohelpitsurvive.In2011,ChineseshadowpuppetrywasaddedtoUNESCO’sIntangibleCulturalHeritagelist,thus____40____(breathe)newlifeintotheancientartform.第三节（共10小题；每小题1分，满分10分）请根据汉语意思及首字母将单词的完整形式写在答题卡上。41.Myhearts______(下沉)whenIheardthebadnews.(根据中英文提示单词拼写)42.Theanimalwasaf______(经常性的)subjectforartists.(根据中英文提示单词拼写)43.Electricitywasc_______(传导)throughstringtothekey.(根据中英文提示单词拼写)44.Theteachersaidnothing,m______(仅仅)smiledandwatchedher.(根据中英文提示单词拼写)45.Morepeoplewanttoprotectsharksfrome______(灭绝)nowadays.(根据中英文提示单词拼写)46.Perhapsyourfriendswantsomef______(坦诚的)commentsfromyou.(根据中英文提示单词拼写)47.Apunchlinec______(结束)ajokeandisintendedtomakepeoplelaugh.(根据中英文提示单词拼写)48.Diggingwellsisagoodwaytosolvetheproblemofwaters______(短缺).(根据中英文提示单词拼写)49.Goingdownontotheplatformislikejumpingintoavolcanothat’se______(喷发).(根据中英文提示单词拼写)50.Heperformedbeyondeveryone’se______(预料，预期)withhiscontinuousefforts.(根据中英文提示单词拼写)第四部分写作（共两节，满分45分）第一节（满分20分）51.阅读下面短文，根据内容写一篇80词左右内容概要。Anewstudyhasfoundthattrafficnoisepollutionholdsbackgrowthinbabybirds,evenwhileinsidetheegg.Unhatched(未孵化的)birdsandnewbornchicksthatareexposed(暴露)tonoisefromcitytrafficsufferfromlong-termnegativeeffectsontheirhealth,growthandreproduction(繁殖).“Soundhasamuchstrongerandmoredirectimpactonbirddevelopmentthanweknewbefore,”saidDrMyleneMariette,abirdcommunicationexpertandaco-authorofthestudy.“Itwouldbewisetoworkmoretoreducenoisepollution.”Previousresearchhassuggestedthatnoisepollutioncausesstresstobirdsandmakescommu