2020-2021学年深圳外国语中学高三英语模拟试卷及参考答案

2020-2021学年深圳外国语中学高三英语模拟试卷及参考答案第一部分阅读（共两节，满分40分）

第一节（共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项ASomeyoungpeoplewinattentionbecauseoftheirgoodlooksortheirsingingability.Amuchsmallernumbergainfamebecausetheyhavedonesomethingimportantandworthwhilewiththeirabilities.RishabJainisamongthelatter.In2018,13-year-oldRishabdevelopedawaytouseAItechnologytohelppancreatic(胰腺的)cancerpatientsandwonthe3MYoungScientistChallenge,anationwidemiddle-schoolsciencecompetition,andits$25,000prize.Inthelaststageofthecontest,Rishabcompetedagainstnineotherfinalistsatthe3MInnovationCenter(创新中心)inSt.Paul,Minnesota.Leadinguptothebigmeet,eachfinalisthadpartneredwithascientisttofurtherdeveloptheirinventions.Rishabexplainswhatledhimtocreatehisinvention.First,afamilyfrienddiedofcancer.ThenRishablearnedabouthowdeadlypancreaticcanceris,andthatitslowsurvivalrateisduetohowdifficultitistotreat."I'malsointoprogramming,soIwaslearningaboutAItechnology.Idecidedtotrytosolveareal-worldproblemusingit."HiswinningshavebeenputinfurtherresearchandinhisnonprofitSamyakScienceSociety,whichhelpspoorchildrenentertheSTEM(science,technology,engineeringandmath)education.Rishabisalsoraisingawarenessaboutpancreaticcancer.Theseeffortsmakehimquitedifferentfromteenagersofhisage.Consideringbecomingabiomedicalengineeroradoctor一orboth,hehasalsoputsomemoneyasidetofurtherhisownlearning.Almostcertainlythedoorsofhighereducationwillopenwidetohimbeforeheevenknocks.That'sanoutstandingoutlookforonesoyoung.Rashibiscommittedtohelpingverysickpeopleinneed.Heisalsoprovidingteenagersofhisagewithamuch-neededmodelofwhatkindsofthingsyouthcanachieve.1.Whatcanwelearnaboutthe3MYoungScientistChallengein2018?A.Itwasintendedtosolvemedicalproblems.B.ItwasanationwideAIcompetitionforteenagers.C.Itofferedthefinalistsanopportunitytoworkwithscientists.D.ItallowedthefinaliststolearnAItechnologyinthe3Mcenter.2.HowdidRishabwinthe3MYoungScientistChallenge?A.Heshowedexcellentprogrammingability.B.Hefiguredoutthesurvivalrateofpancreaticcancer.C.HeintroducedpoorchildrentoSTEMeducation.D.HeappliedAItechnologytotreatingpancreaticcancer.3.WhichofthefollowingbestdescribesRishab?A.Talentedandcaring.B.Independentandhumorous.C.Responsibleandpatient.D.Politeandinspiring.BInmanycountriesoftheworld,peoplecanconfidentlytellyouthemeaningoftheirtownorcity,butmostpeoplewholiveinManchester,OxfordorBirminghamwouldnotbeabletoexplainwhatthenameoftheircitymeans.ThenameofeveryBritishtownandcity,however,hasalonghistory.Twothousandyearsago,mostpeoplelivinginBritainwereCelts.Eventheword“Britain"isCeltic(凯尔特语).ThentheRomansarrivedandbuiltcampswhichbecamecitiescalled“castra".ThisiswhytherearesomanyplacenamesinEnglandwhichendin"-chester"or“-caster"Manchester,forexample.TheRomansneverreachedWalesorScotland,andmanyplacenamesthereareCeltic.Forexample,Welshplacenamesthatbeginwith“Llan"comefromtheCelticwordfor"church".AftertheRomansleftBritain,itwasattackedbytheAnglo-SaxonswhowerefromtheareaofEuropethatisnowGermanyandHolland.Thenamesoftheirvillagesoftenendedin“-ham"or“-ton".Somegottheirnamesfromtheleaderofthevillage.SoBirminghamforexample,means"Beormund'svillage”TheAnglo-Saxonswerefarmersandthelandscapewasveryimportanttothem,sowehavevillagescalledUpton(villageonahill)——agoodplacetobuildavillageandMoreton(“villagebyalake”)wherefloodscouldmakelifehard.Placenamesthatendin“-ford"(aplacewhereyoucouldcrossariver)alsodescribethelocationofAnglo-Saxonvillages.Finally,in1066EnglandbecameNorman—theNormansgaveustheplacename"grange",whichmeansfarm.AndhowaboutLondon?Expertscannotagree.TheRomanscalledthecityLondinium,buttheywerenotthefirstinhabitants(居民).PeopleoncebelievedthattheUnitedKingdom’scapitalcitygotitsnamefromthecastleofaKingcalledLudbutthisisveryunlikely.OurbestguesstodayisthatthenamecomesfromaCelticwordmeaningafast-flowingriver.LikeanumberofBritishplacenames,itshistoryislostintime.4.TheoriginofBritishplacenamesisunfamiliartomanylocalpeoplebecauseofA.thedeathoflocallanguagesB.thelonglosthistoryofthenamesC.theirlackofinterestinitD.thefrequentchangestothenames5.Accordingtothearticle,Stratfordismostlikelyatown.A.onahillB.nearacastleC.besideariverD.withachurch6.WhichofthefollowingshowsthecorrectorderofthearrivalofinhabitantsinBritain?A.TheCelts—TheRomans—TheNormans—TheAngloSaxonsB.TheCelts—TheRomans—TheAngloSaxons—TheNormansC.TheRomans—TheCelts—TheAngloSaxons—TheNormansD.TheRomans―TheAngloSaxons—TheCelts—TheNormans7.WhatdoesLondonmeaninCeltic?A.RiverB.LondiniumC.LudD.CastleCBritishanthropologists(人类学家)RussellHillandRobertBartonoftheUniversityofDurham,afterstudyingtheresultsofone-on-oneboxing,taekwondo,Greco-RomanwrestlingandfreestylewrestlingmatchesattheOlympicGames,concludethatwhentwocompetitorsareequallymatchedinfitnessandskill,theathletewearingredismorelikelytowin.HillandBartonreportthatwhenonecompetitorismuchbetterthantheother,colourhasnoeffectontheresult.However,whenthereisonlyasmalldifferencebetweenthem,theeffectofcolourisenoughtipthebalance.Theanthropologistssaythatthenumberoftimesredwinsisnotsimplybychance,butthattheseresultsarestatisticallysignificant.JoannaSetchell,aprimate(灵长目动物)researcherattheUniversityofCambridge,hasfoundsimilarresultsinnature.ShestudiesthelargeAfricanmonkeysknownasmandrills.Mandrillshavebrightrednosesthatstandoutagainsttheirwhitefaces.Setchell’sworkshowsthatthepowerfulmales—theoneswhoaremoresuccessfulwithfemales—haveabrighterrednosethanothermales.AswellasthestudiesonprimatesbySetchell,anotherstudyshowstheeffectofredamongbirds.Inanexperiment,scientistsputredplasticringsonthelegsofmalezebrafinchesandthisincreasedthebirds’successwithfemalezebrafinches,Zebrafinchesalreadyhavebrightredbeaks(鸟喙),sothisstudysuggeststhat,aswithOlympicathletes,anextraflashofredissignificant.Infact,researchersfromtheUniversityofGlasgowsaythatthebirds’brightlycolouredbeaksareanindicatorofhealth.JonathanBlount,abiologist,andhiscolleaguesthinktheyhavefoundproofthatbrightredororangebeaksattractfemalesbecausetheymeanthatthemalesarehealthier.Nothinginnatureissimple,however,becauseinspeciessuchasthebluefootedbooby,acompletelydifferentcolourseemstogivethemalebirdsthesameadvantagewithfemales.Meanwhile,whataboutthoseathleteswhowinintheireventswhilewearingred?Dotheirclothesgivethemanunintentionaladvantage?RobertBartonacceptsthat“thatistheimplication”oftheirfindings.Isittimeforsportsauthoritiestoconsidernewregulationsonsportsclothing?8.Accordingtotheirresearch.HillandBartonconcludethat________.A.thecolourofclothinghasaneffectonmostsporteventsB.redshouldbethechoiceofcolourforclothinginsportsC.redplaysarolewhencompetitorsareequallycapableD.athletesperformbetterwhensurroundedbybrightred9.Theunderlinedword“tip”inParagraph2isclosestinmeaningto________.A.achieveB.advanceC.keepD.change10.Theexampleofthebluefootedboobyprovesthat________.A.malebirdsusedifferentbodypartstodrawattentionB.redisnottheonlycolourtoattractfemalebirdsC.bluegivesfemalebirdsthesameadvantageD.bluecanindicatehowhealthyabirdis11.Whatcanbeinferredfromthepassage?A.Thecolourredgivesmaleanimalsthemostadvantage.B.Malezebrafinchesprefertohaveredplasticringsontheirlegs.C.Rulesonsportsclothingaregoingtobechanged.D.Athleteswearingredmayhaveanadvantageovertheiropponents.DScientistsattheMassachusettsInstituteofTechnology(麻省理工学院)haveturnedspiderwebsintomusic——creatinganstrangesoundtrackthatcouldhelpthembetterunderstandhowthespidersoutputtheircomplexcreationsandevenhowtheycommunicate.TheMITteamworkedwithBerlin-basedartistTomasSaracenototake2D(two-dimensional)laser(激光)scansofaspiderweb,whichwerelinkedtogetherandmadeintoamathematicalmodelthatcouldrecreatethewebin3DinVR(virtualreality).TheyalsoworkedwithMIT’smusicdepartmenttocreatethevirtualinstrument.“Eventhoughtheweblooksreallyrandom(随机)，thereactuallyarealotofinsidestructuresandyoucanvisualize(可视化)themandyoucanlookatthem,butit’sreallyhardtograspforthehumanimaginationorhumanbraintounderstandallthesestructuraldetails,”saidMITengineeringprofessorMarkusBuehler,whopresentedtheworkonMondayatavirtualmeetingoftheAmericanChemicalSociety.ListeningtothemusicwhilemovingthroughtheVRspiderwebletsyouseeandhearthesestructuralchangesandgivesabetterideaofhowspidersseetheworld,hetoldCNN.“Spidersusevibrations(振动)asawaytolocatethemselves,tocommunicatewithotherspidersandsotheideaofthinkingreallylikeaspiderwouldexperiencetheworldwassomethingthatwasveryimportanttousasspidermaterialscientists,”Buehlersaid.Spidersareabletobuildtheirwebswithoutshelvesorsupports,sohavingabetterideaofhowtheyworkcouldleadtothedevelopmentofadvancednew3Dprintingtechniques.“ThereasonwhyIdidthatisIwantedtobeabletogetinformationreallyfromthespiderworld,whichisveryweirdandmysterious,”Buehlerexplained.Inadditiontothescientificvalue,Buehlersaidthewebsaremusicallyinterestingandthatyoucanhearthesoundsthespidercreatesduringconstruction.“It’sunusualandeerieandscary,butfinallybeautiful.”hedescribed.12.WhathaveMITscientistsdoneaccordingtothepassage?A.Theyhavetranslatedspiderwebsintosounds.B.Theyhavemadeamathematicalmodeltoproducewebs.C.Theyhavecreatedasoundtracktocatchspiders.D.Theyhaveknownhowspiderscommunicate.13.Whatcanweknowaboutspiderwebsfromparagraph3?A.Theirstructuresarebeautifulandclear.B.ProfessorMarkusBuehlerknowsthemwell.C.TheAmericanChemicalSocietypresentstheresult.D.Theyarecomplexforpeopletofigureitout.14.Inwhichfieldwillthestudybehelpful?A.virtualrealityB.printingC.paintingD.film-making15.Whatisthemainideaofthepassage?A.Ittellsusthatthemusiccreatedbyspidersisscary.B.Itshowshowtheresearcherscarryouttheexperiment.C.Itpresentsanewandcreativewaytostudyspiders.D.Itexplainswhyscientistsdidtheexperiment.第二节（共5小题；每小题2分，满分10分）阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项Goodmorningeveryone!TodayIwanttotalkabouthowtodealwithourchildren’shomework.Asweknow,homeworkisagreatwayforchildrentodeveloplearningskills.Soasparents,youshouldpayattentiontoit.___16___Avoidhavingyourchilddohomeworkwiththetelevisiononorinplaceswithdifferentnoises,suchaspeoplecomingandgoing.Makesureyourchildhasallthematerialsheneeds.Askyourchildifspecialmaterialswillbeneededforsomesubjectsandgettheminadvance.___17___Helpyourchildusetimeproperly.TellthemnottowatchTVunlesstheyfinishtheirhomeworkintime.____18____Don’tletyourchildleavehomeworkuntiljustbeforebedtime.Whenyourchildasksforhelp,provideguidance,notanswers.Givinganswersmeansyourchildwillnotlearnthematerial.____19____Atthesametime,youshouldkeepintouchwithteachers,whichshowsyourchildthattheschoolandhomeareateam.___20___Ifyourchildhasbeensuccessfulinhomeworkandisworkinghard,celebratethatsuccesswithaspecialeventtomakehimhappy.Iamsureyourchildwillbeinterestedindoinghomeworkifyoutakemyadvice.Thankyou!A.Praiseprogressinhomework.B.Tellyourchildhowimportanthomeworkis.C.Makesureyourchildhasaquietplacetodohomework.D.Forexample,youshouldbuysomepaper,pencils,dictionariesandsoonwhenyoudosomeshopping.E.MakeasettimeeachdayfordoinghomeworkF.Bepositiveabouthomework.G.Toomuchhelpisbadforyourchild’sstudy.第二部分语言运用（共两节，满分45分）

第一节（共20小题；每小题1.5分，满分30分）阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项Awomanprofessorwasgivingalessontoherstudentsonstressmanagement.Assheraisedaglassofwater,everyoneintheclass___21___theywouldbeaskedthe“half-emptyorhalf-full”question.___22___,withasmileonherface,sheaskedthestudents,“How___23___doyouthinkthisglassofwaterweighs?”Answerscalledout___24___from100mlto300ml.Shequietedthestudentsdownandthenreplied,“Itdoesnotmatterontheweight.It___25___onhowlongyouholdit.IfIholditforaminute,itisOK.IfIholditforanhour,Iwillhaveanacheinmyright___26___.IfIholditforaday,myarmwillfeelnumb.Ineachcase,the___27___oftheglassofwaterdoesn’tchange,butthe___28___Iholdit,theheavieritbecomes.Why?”Lostin___29___,allthestudentskeptsilentandlistenedtotheprofessorcarefully.“Our___30___andworriesinlifearelikethatglassofwater.Ifwe___31___ourburdensallthetime,soonerorlater,wewillfeelexhausted,even___32___tocarryon.___33___youhavetodoisputallyourburdensdown,as___34___intheeveningaspossible.Don’tcarry___35___throughtheeveningintothenight;bydoingthis,wecanget___36___nextmorningandareabletomoveforward.More___37___thannot,lifegetsterriblewhenwethinktoomuch.Andthemomentyou___38___yourburdens,you’llfindyourselffeelingsomuchmorerelaxed.Soratherthanbeingupsetandfeeling___39___foryourself,startdoingsomethingaboutit.Afterall,lifeistooshortto___40___yourselftoanythingthatisnotmakingyouhappy.21.A.wonderedB.agreedC.expectedD.argued22.A.InsteadB.MeanwhileC.AnyhowD.Therefore23.A.fullB.littleC.heavyD.much24.A.repliedB.rangedC.readD.remained25.A.holdsB.callsC.takesD.depends26.A.fingerB.footC.armD.leg27.A.shapeB.functionC.sizeD.weight28.A.betterB.longerC.deeperD.further29.A.thoughtB.ideaC.planD.class30.A.doubtsB.joysC.stressesD.surprises31.A.carryB.coverC.hideD.show32.A.uncertainB.unhappyC.unawareD.unable33.A.WhatB.ThatC.WhetherD.How34.A.lateB.earlyC.soonD.fast35.A.thisB.thatC.themD.it36.A.resetB.reviewedC.refreshedD.reminded37.A.usuallyB.commonlyC.ordinarilyD.often38.A.catchupwithB.letgoofC.putupwithD.takecareof39.A.sorryB.satisfiedC.happyD.confused40.A.helpB.abandonC.driveD.treat第二节（共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式Recently,agirlhaswonagreatnumberoffanswithhershort___41.___(video)aboutcookingChinesefoodin___42.___uniqueway,traditionalChinesehandicrafts(手工艺)andlivingarurallifeinChina.SheisLiZiqiwhohas7millionwatchersonYouTubeandmorethan2millionmicrobloggersonSinaWeibo.Anetizencommented___43.___onevideoofmakingwine:"Thisgirlisinspiringmillions___44.___(return)totheirrootsandlivewiththeearth."Anothernetizencommented:"Intoday'sworld,Iamsurethatherhomeisthemost___45.___(peace)placeonEarth."In2017,LipostedherfirstvideoonYouTubein___46.___sheexplainedhowtodyeadressusingtheskinsofgrapes.OnJuly16thlastyear,shehad11.4millionfollowersonYouTube,___47.___(break)theGuinnessrecordatthattime.She___48.___(increase)therecordagainonJan25,2021.Expertssayshe___49.___(successful)teachespeopletoappreciateChinesecultu