unit-4-Cloning-and-Ethics市公开课一等奖省赛课微课金奖课件

CloningandEthicsUnit

Four1/80ContentsBeforeReadingGlobalReadingDetailedReadingAfterReading4123PassageANotNow,Dr.Miracle2/80BeforeReading

Talkinsmallgroups

Backgroundinformation

Lead-inListening3/80TalkinsmallgroupsWhatimagesdoeshumancloningconjureuptoyou?Howmuchdoyouknowaboutit?

Doyouwantacloneofyourself?Explain.Doyouthinkweshouldpromotecloning?Explain.(Note:Sscantakenotesabouttheinterestingpointsintheirtalk.)[Imageinformationinproduct]Image:Notetocustomers:ThisimagehasbeenlicensedtobeusedwithinthisPowerPointtemplateonly.Youmaynotextracttheimageforanyotheruse.4/80BackgroundinformationClone

（克隆）IVFtreatment（试管受精治疗）Vatican

（梵蒂冈，罗马教廷）Dolly（绵羊多利）SeverinoAntinoriInformationaboutclonearoundtheworldPublicopinionsonHumancloning5/80BackgroundinformationCloningistheprocessofcreatinganidenticalcopyofsomething.Inbiology,itcollectivelyreferstoprocessesusedtocreatecopiesofDNAfragments(molecularcloning),cells(cellcloning),ororganisms.Thetermalsoencompassessituations,wherebyorganismsreproduceasexually.Thetermcloneisderivedfromκλών,theGreekwordfor"twig",referringtotheprocess,wherebyanewplantcanbecreatedfromatwig.Reference:/wiki/Cloning6/80IVFTreatment(InVitroFertilization试管受精)Invitroliterallymeans‘inglass’.Thedictionaryexplainsitasaprocessmadetooccuroutsidethebiologicalbody,inanartificialenvironment.Thus,invitrofertilizationsimplymeansthefertilizationprocessthatoccursunderlabconditionsandnotinsidethemother’swomb(子宫）.Undernaturalconditions,forpregnancytotakeplace,thesperm（精子）fromthemalebodyuniteswiththeegginsidethefallopiantube（输卵管）ofthefemalebody.However,anumberoffactorscancontributetothisprocessnotoccurringnaturally.7/80VaticanAnindependentpapal（教皇制度）stateontheTiberRiverwithinRome,Italy.CreatedbytheLateranTreatysignedbyPope（罗马教皇）PiusXIandVictorEmmanuelIIIofItalyin1929,itissuesitsowncurrencyandpostagestampsandhasitsownnewspaperandbroadcastingfacilities.Thegovernmentisrunbyalaygovernorandcouncil,allresponsibletothepope.Population:932.8/80TourismattractionsinVaticanVaticanMuseums9/80TourismattractionsinVaticanPapalAudience10/80TourismattractionsinVaticanSistineChapel11/80TourismattractionsinVaticanVaticanGarden12/80DollyDollytheSheep,CloningSubject

Born:5July1996Birthplace:Edinburgh,ScotlandDied:14FebruaryBestKnownAs:Thefirstclonedmammal13/80Dollywashistory’sfirstclonedmammal.InFebruaryof1997itwasannouncedthatthebiotechnologyfirmPPLTherapeuticsandtheRoslinInstituteofEdinburgh,Scotlandhadsuccessfullyclonedasheep,underthedirectionofDr.IanWilmut.Cellsfromtheudder（牛、羊乳房）

ofapregnantsixyear-oldsheepwereinsertedintotheuterus（子宫）

ofanothersheeptodevelop,andDollywasborninJulyof1996.(HernamewasaslynodtosingerDollyParton.)DollyhadtheDNAofhersource,makingherthefirstmammalsuccessfullyclonedusingadultcells.Dollywasputtosleepinafterdoctorsdetectedprogressivelungdisease,thoughshehadonlyreachedhalfthelifespanofatypicalsheep.14/80SEVERINOANTINORISeverinoAntinori(born1945)isanItaliangynecologistandembryologist.Hehaspubliclytakencontroversialpositionsoverinvitrofertilisation(IVF)andhumancloning.Hebeganhiscareerinterestedinveterinarybiology.HesetuphisownclinicinRomein1982.In1986hepioneeredtheuseoftheICSI(intracytoplasmicsperminjection)processinItaly.From1989heextendedIVFtowomenwhohadpassedthemenopause.In1994heassistedRosanaDellaCortes,aged63,inbecomingpregnant,shebecameoneoftheoldestwomeninhistorytogivebirth.15/80Informationaboutclonearoundtheworld In1996scientistsusedaprocedurecalledsomaticcellnucleartransfer（体细胞核移植）toproducethesheepDollyfromclonedcells.Dolly’sbirthrepresentedanadvanceoverpreviouscloningexperimentsbecauseitprovedthatanimalscouldbeclonedfromthecellsofanadultanimal.Likeothereffortsincloning,however,thisworkdemandedperseverance—ittook277triesatsomaticcellnucleartransfertocreateDolly.16/80PublicopinionsonHumancloning

Antinoriclaimsthathumancloningisthegreathumanexperimentofourageandsimplyacontinuationofthebattletocombatinfertility(不孕症).Manyfellowscientistsdon’tagree,however,andcondemnhiswork.OneoftheseisLanWilmut,creatorofDollythesheep.Hecallshumanreproductive（繁殖）cloning“dangerousandirresponsible”.ReligiousorganizationsarealsoconcernedandtheVaticanhasdescribedAntinori’sworkas“grotesque”(荒谬)and“evil”.17/80

FranceandGermanyhaveproposedatwo-stepapproachthatwouldfirstbanreproductivecloning（生殖性克隆--而对于生殖性克隆，即通常所说克隆人，因为它在总体上违反了生命伦理标准，所以，科学家主流意见是果断反正确-）producingaclonedbaby—andthendebatewhethertobantherapeuticcloning（治疗性克隆--利用胚胎干细胞克隆人体器官，供医学研究、处理器官移植供体不足问题，这是国际科学界和伦理学界都支持）.Thisformofcloninginvolvescreatingearlyembryosforuseinmedicalresearchandtreatment. ButtheUSwantsaone-stepblanketbanonallformsofcloningandclaimstoleadagroupofabout30mainlyCatholiccountriessharingthatview.18/80Lead-inListeningListentothefollowingpassageaboutcloningandtrytofillthemissingwordsintheblanks.Youwillhearthepassagethreetimes.Whenthepassageisreadforthefirsttime,youshouldlistencarefullyforitsoriginalidea.Whenthepassageisreadforthesecondtime,youarerequiredtofillintheblankswiththeexactwordsyouhavejustheard.Finally,whenthepassageisreadforthethirdtime,youshouldcheckwhatyouhavewritten.19/80ThenewsthatasheepinScotlandhasbeensuccessfullycloned1)_______.Whatgoodwoulditbetoclonehumans?WhatwouldIdowithacloneofmyself?Then2)_______thatIcouldhavemyclonegointoworkformewhileIwentouthiking,biking,skiing,etc.!Ireallycouldbeintwoplacesatonce.Butwaitaminute.Ifthat’swhatIwoulddowithmyclone,howdoIknowthatI’mnotaclonemyself?Whatifthe3)_______hadhimselfclonedandsenttheclone(thatis,me)intodohisworkforhim?Thisexplainsalot:— allthosemysteriouschecksIfindinmy4)_______every month(withmysignature)butdon’trememberwriting,Firsttime— whymywifedoesn’tseemtonoticewhenI’vebeenoutof town,— allthosetrafficticketsIhavetopaybutswearInever receivedinthefirstplace,— whymyfriendssaythingslike,“IthoughtIsawyouout skiinglastweek,”whenIknowIwasatwork,— whyIkeepgettingfinesfor5)_______atthelibrary,whenI onlycheckoutCD’s,— the6)_______tomycreditcard(theonewithmypictureon it)fromLondon,Paris,NewYork...Icanonlyhopetheoriginalmenevergetssentencedtoprison.2ndtime20/80ThenewsthatasheepinScotlandhasbeensuccessfullycloned1)_______.Whatgoodwoulditbetoclonehumans?WhatwouldIdowithacloneofmyself?Then2)_______thatIcouldhavemyclonegointoworkformewhileIwentouthiking,biking,skiing,etc.!Ireallycouldbeintwoplacesatonce.Butwaitaminute.Ifthat’swhatIwoulddowithmyclone,howdoIknowthatI’mnotaclonemyself?Whatifthe3)_______hadhimselfclonedandsenttheclone(thatis,me)intodohisworkforhim?Thisexplainsalot:— allthosemysteriouschecksIfindinmy4)_______every month(withmysignature)butdon’trememberwriting,Thirdtime— whymywifedoesn’tseemtonoticewhenI’vebeenoutof town,— allthosetrafficticketsIhavetopaybutswearInever receivedinthefirstplace,— whymyfriendssaythingslike,“IthoughtIsawyouout skiinglastweek,”whenIknowIwasatwork,— whyIkeepgettingfinesfor5)_______atthelibrary,whenI onlycheckoutCD’s,— the6)_______tomycreditcard(theonewithmypictureon it)fromLondon,Paris,NewYork...Icanonlyhopetheoriginalmenevergetssentencedtoprison.Checkup21/80ThenewsthatasheepinScotlandhasbeensuccessfullycloned1)__________________.Whatgoodwoulditbetoclonehumans?WhatwouldIdowithacloneofmyself?Then2)______________thatIcouldhavemyclonegointoworkformewhileIwentouthiking,biking,skiing,etc.!Ireallycouldbeintwoplacesatonce.Butwaitaminute.Ifthat’swhatIwoulddowithmyclone,howdoIknowthatI’mnotaclonemyself?Whatifthe3)______________hadhimselfclonedandsenttheclone(thatis,me)intodohisworkforhim?Thisexplainsalot:— allthosemysteriouschecksIfindinmy4)_______________ everymonth(withmysignature)butdon’trememberwriting,gotmewondering ithitmeoriginalmebankstatement22/80— whymywifedoesn’tseemtonoticewhenI’vebeenoutof town,— allthosetrafficticketsIhavetopaybutswearInever receivedinthefirstplace,— whymyfriendssaythingslike,“IthoughtIsawyouout skiinglastweek,”whenIknowIwasatwork,— whyIkeepgettingfinesfor5)________________atthe library,whenIonlycheckoutCD’s,— the6)_____________________tomycreditcard(theone` withmypictureonit)fromLondon,Paris,NewYork...Icanonlyhopetheoriginalmenevergetssentencedtoprison.overduebooks

unexplainedcharges23/80GlobalReading24/80GlobalReadingActivity1HeadingMatchingDirection:PassageAhas11paragraphs.Choosethemostsuitableheadingforeachparagraphfromthelistofheadingsbelow.Paragraph1hasbeendoneforyouasanexample.25/80ListofHeadingsA.Usingreproductivecloningtocombatinfertility.B.TheRaelianssupportsreproductivecloning.

C.Antinoribelievesthatreproductivecloningwillbeacceptedeventually.D.Topicraising:Dr.Miracleisofferingtoclonehispatients.E.Antinori,theItaliandoctor.F.Antinoriisnoordinaryscientist.26/80G.Successcanonlybeachievedatanunacceptablyhighprice.H.Regulateitorprohibitit?I.DividedviewsexpressedonDr.Miracle’soffer.J.Dr.Miracleistakingagraveriskbystartingreproductivecloningtooearly.K.Thescienceisnotreadyforhumancloning.L.Clonedbabieswillneverbeaccepted.

M.Antinoriandhisteamhavemadeconsiderableprogressinreproductivecloning.27/80ExamplePar.1 E.Antinori,theItaliandoctor.NB:Therearemoreheadingsthanparagraphssoyouwillnotuseallofthem.28/80KeystoHeadingMatchingE.Antinori,theItaliandoctor.Para.1

29/80KeystoHeadingMatchingD.Topicraising:Dr.Miracleisofferingtoclonehispatients.Para.230/80KeystoHeadingMatchingI.Dividedviewsexpressedonthisoffer.Para.3

31/80KeystoHeadingMatchingF.Antinoriisnoordinaryscientist.

Para.4

32/80KeystoHeadingMatchingA.Usingreproductivecloningtocombatinfertility.Para.5

33/80KeystoHeadingMatchingK.Thescienceisnotreadyforhumancloning.Para.6

34/80KeystoHeadingMatchingG.Successcanonlybeachievedatanunacceptablyhighprice.Para.7

35/80KeystoHeadingMatchingB.TheRaelians,areligiousgroupsupportsreproductivecloning.

Para.8

36/80KeystoHeadingMatchingH.Regulateitorprohibitit?Para.9

37/80KeystoHeadingMatchingC.Antinoribelievesthatreproductivecloningwillbeacceptedeventually.Para.10

38/80KeystoHeadingMatchingJ.Dr.Miracleistakingagraveriskbystartingreproductivecloningtooearly.

Para.11

39/80GlobalReadingActivity2Readtheheadingofeachparagraphagainandthinkaboutthestructureofthispassage.Howmanypartscanwedividethispassageinto?40/80PartDivision1-45-89-113partsPartIPartIIPartIII41/80PartI(1-4)1.WhoisDr.Miracle?Dr.MiracleisarichItaliandoctorcalledSeverinoAntinori.2.Whatdidhedointhepast?Sevenyearsago,hehelpedgrandmothersgivingbirthusingdonoreggs;Laterheusedmicetonurturethespermofmenwithpoorfertility.Inshort,hehaspushedreproductivebiologytothelimitsandhasalreadyofferedeveryIVFtreatmentundertheSun.42/803.Whatisheofferingtodonow?Heisofferingtoclonehispatientstocreatethebabiestheywant.

4.Howdopeoplerespondtohisoffering?Itcreatedquiteastir.Like-mindedscientistsfromtheUShavejoinedhiminhisadventure;Otherscientistsroundedonhim;Religiousleaderslineuptoattackhisplan.

43/80RaisetheTopicDr.Antinoriisacontroversialdoctorwhopushesreproductivebiologytothelimits.FunctionandSummary44/80PartII(5-8)1.Whyistheideaofusingcloningtocombatinfertilitynotasmadasitsounds?Becauseforsomecouples,it’stheonlyhopeforhavingtheirownchild.ifwewanttobeimmortal,that’sthekeytoachievingimmortality.45/802.Whenwillwechangeourmindandallowreproductivecloninginspecialcircumstances?Onlywhenthescienceisready.3.Isthescienceready?No,notreadyyet.

46/804.Whatisthecurrentsituationofreproductivecloningtechnology?FiveyearsonfromDolly,thescienceofcloningisstillstuckinthedarkages.Thefailurerateisashocking97%anddeformedbabiesfrequentlyoccur.Evenwhencloningworks,nobodyunderstandswhy.47/805.CanAntinorisucceedincombatinginfertilitywithcloning?Ifhesucceeds,itismorelikelythathewillmakeitatanunacceptablyhighprice,withhundredsofeggsandembryoswastedandlotsofwomengoingthroughdifficultpregnancies.48/80BodyPartThethinkingonDr.Antinori’sideaofusingcloningtocombatinfertility.FunctionandSummary49/80PartIII(9-11)1.Whatshouldwedo?Shouldweprohibithumancloningorshouldweregulateit?Prohibitionismorelikelytodriveitundergroundandsecrecyisaseriousproblem.Soonerorlater,wehavetodecidewhichissafer,prohibitionorregulation.50/802.IsDr.Miracle’sofferingadeliberatedecision?No.Heistakingahellofrisk,althoughhebelievesthatoncetheclonedbabyisborntheworldwillembraceitandpeoplewillacceptreproductivecloningasanotherIVFtechnique.Ifhedoesn’tsucceed,orifhemakesitatagreatprice,cloningcouldberejectedbypeoplecompletely.Andthecurrentsituationisthatthescienceofcloningisnotready.51/80ConclusionIt’stooearlytostartfertilityresearchthroughcloning.FunctionandSummary52/80GlobalReadingActivity3GroupDiscussionDiscussthefollowingquestionsandtrytoreachanagreementabouteachone.Choosearepresentativetovoiceyouropinion.53/801.WhyisAntinoricalledDr.Miracle?Whatarehismainachievements?Byusingthemostadvancedreproductivebiologicaltechniquestotreathispatients,hehasworkedalotofmiraclessuchashelpinga63-year-oldladygivebirthusingdonoreggsandpioneeringtheuseofmicetonurtureinfertilesperm.Nowworkingoncloning,heischallengingthebiologicallimitsandstrivingforanothermiracle.54/802.Howdoyouunderstandtheauthor’sstatementthat“Dr.Miracleandhiscolleaguesaretakingonehellofarisk”?Thissentenceactuallymeansthatwithsocialandtechnicalproblemsunsettled,theoddsareagainstAntinoriandhiscolleagues.Iftheyfail,peoplemaylosetheirconfidenceincloning,andeveninscienceasawhole,whichwillberathercatastrophic.

55/803.Withsomanyproblemsunsolved,shouldthetechnologyofhumancloningbeprohibitedbythegovernmentaccordingtothepassage?Why?No.Thewriterthinksprohibitingcloninghumanswilljustdriveitundergroundinsteadofputtinganendtoit.Thisisevenmoredangerous.Thushebelievesthatregulatingproductivecloningispossiblyabetterchoice.56/804.WhatdoesthewriterthinkoftheofferingofDr.Miracleandhiscolleagues?Hebelievesthattheyarejumpingthegunandtakingagraverisk.Thescienceisreadyforit.57/805.What’stheauthor’sattitudetowardproductivecloning?Hebelievesthatitshouldbeallowedinsomespecialcasesasafertilitytreatmentbutthescienceisnotreadyofitandtheresearchshouldberegulated.

58/80GlobalReadingActivity4SummaryCompletionCompletethesummaryofthispassageonPage80.59/80DetailedReadingTermsforReproductiveBiologyWords&Sentences60/80TermsforReproductiveBiologyfertility–theabilitytoproduceoffspring

soilfertilityIVFtreatment–in-vitrofertilizationtreatment

crueltreatment/preferentialtreatmentembryo–anorganisminitsfirststatebeforefulldevelopment,birth,orhatching

Theplansarestillinembryo.miscarriage–theactofaccidentallygivingbirthtooearlyforthebabytolive

amiscarriageofjustice/themiscarriageoftheplanabortion–terminationofpregnancybyamedicaloperation

Theprojectprovedanabortion.61/80DetailedReadingSeverinoAntinoriisarichItaliandoctorwithastringofprivatefertilityclinicstohisname.(Line1)have….toone’snameinthenameofunderthenameofIgreetyouinthenameofthePresident.Daviddidnothaveabooktohisname.Didhepublishthenovelunderhisownname,orunderapseudonym?asthenamesuggests/implies/indicates,toname(but)afew62/80DetailedReadingYettheVaticanisnofanofhisscience.(Line2)＝YettheRomanCatholicChurchopposeshispractice.befanofsth/sb.likesth/sbverymuchIamagreatfanofravemusic/football/literature.63/80DetailedReadingAndofcourseit'screatedquiteastir,withotherscientistsroundingonAntinoriasreligiousleaderslineuptoattackhiscloningplanasaninsulttohumandignity.(Line5)Translation:

当然这引发了轩然大波。不但宗教领袖群起而攻击他克隆计划，认为这是对人类尊严玷污，而且其它科学家也出来抨击他。Moretolearn64/80roundonsb:criticizefiercelyandattackwithaggressivewords Shewasamazedwhenheroundedonherandcalledheraliar.createquiteastirThecomingofthequeencausedagreatstirinthecity.ThenewscausedastirofinterestontheStockExchange.lineup:to(causeto)moveintoarow,sidebysideoronebehindtheother Peoplewerelininguptheretogetasampleofthenewproduct. lineuptoattack/criticize/condemn…DetailedReading65/80DetailedReadingAntinorishottofamesevenyearsagohelpinggrandmothersgivebirthusingdonoreggs.(Line10)

shoottofame 这支乐队二十世纪八十年代凭借那张专辑一举成名。

Thebandshottofameinthe1980swiththesinglealbum.becomeanovernightsensationbecomefamousovernight

66/80DetailedReadingHeisclearlynoordinaryscientistbutashowmanwhothrivesoncontroversyandpushingreproductivebiologytothelimits.(L11-12)

Translation:

很显然，他不是一位普通科学家，而是一个爱出风头人。他靠论争而成名，并将生殖学推到了极限.Moretolearn67/80DetailedReadingthriveonsthtoenjoyorbesuccessfulinaparticularsituation,especiallyonethatotherpeoplefinddifficultorunpleasant大多数不喜欢负担这么多责任，她却似乎干得很开心。Mostpeoplewouldn’tliketohavesomuchresponsibility,butsheseemstothriveonit.Hethrivesoncriticism.他接收批评而不停进步。Themedia,whichthriveoncontroversy,haverecentlybeenprovidingmoreaccurateandscientificinformationwhencoveringmedicationstotreatthedisease.Moretolearn68/80push…tothelimits Manhasforeverpushedhimselftothelimitstryingtoachievetheimpossible.Populationsgrowandmaterialneedsincreaseatarapidpace,pushinglocalresourcesalmosttothelimits.Eachandeveryoneofthesegoodplayershaspushedthemselvestothelimitsofhumanenduranceandbeyond.

DetailedReading69/80DetailedReadingHowever,hisideaofusingcloningtocombatinfertilityisnotasmadasitsounds.(Line14-15) notas…asitsoundsOncloserreadingofthelaw,however,oneshouldnotpaintsuchapessimisticpicture.Thelawisnotasthreateningasitsounds.70/80DetailedReadingManypeoplehaveahardjobseeingthepointofreproductivecloning.(Line15)haveahardjobdoinghavedifficulty(trouble,problem,pleasure,adifficulttime)(in)doingsth.”seethepointofget/see/understand/missthepointofsth.Thereisnopointof

doingsomething.What’sthepointofdoingsomething?71/80…andscientistslikeAntinoriareprobablyrighttosaythatmuchofouroppositiontocloningasafertilitytreatmentisirrational.(Line18-20)oppositionnTherewasalotofoppositiontothenewroad.（inoppositiontosb/sth）opposev(~doing)Thepresidentopposesgivingmilitaryaidtothiscountry.asopposedtoIamhereonbusinessasopposedtoaholiday.opposite

n.&adj.&prep.相反人(事物)在…对面((~to);Helivesoppositeme(tome).MoretolearnDetailedReading72/80DetailedReadingrational,reasonable,sensiblerational

basedonfactsandintelligentthinking,notinfluencedbyfeelingsorimaginationEducationhelpsustomakerationaldecision.reasonable

anexplanationseemstobesensible,andyoucanunderstandthereasonforit.Ithoughttheirrequestformoreinformationwasreasonable,butitwasrefused.sensible

havingorshowinggoodsenseThemostsensiblethingwouldbetosellthehouse.

73/80DetailedReadingFiveyearsonfromDolly,thescienceofcloningisstillstuckinthedarkages.(Line23-24)stuc