湖北省武汉市部分重点中学高二上学期期末联考英语试题

武汉市部分重点中学20222023学年度上学期期末联考高二英语试卷第一部分听力(共两节，满分30分)做题时，先将答案标在试卷上。录音内容结束后，你将有两分钟的时间将试卷上的答案转涂到答题卡上。第一节(共5小题；每小题1.5分，满分7.5分)听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。1.Whyistheman’sphonebroken?A.Thebatterydied.B.Ithaswaterdamage.C.Hedroppeditontheground.2.Whatwillthespeakersprobablydonext?A.Turnonafan.B.Leavetheoffice.C.Setoffthealarm.3.Howmanypeoplewillbeatdinner?A.Two.B.Three.C.Four.4.Whatkeptthewomanawakelastnight?A.Thestorm.B.Thetemperature.C.Therepairsofthepower.5.Whatarethespeakersdoing?A.Eatingvegetables.B.Pickingflowers.C.Shoppingforfruit.第二节(共15小题，每小题1.5分，满分22.5分)听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟；听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。听第6段材料，回答第6、7题。6.Whydoesthewomancall?A.Tobookatable.B.Torescheduleaninterview.C.Toapplyforaparttimejob.7.Whatwillthewomandoat2:30thisafternoon?A.Attendaclass.B.Meetthemanager.C.Workinarestaurant.听第7段材料，回答第8、9题。8.Whatdoweknowaboutthegirl?A.Sheisalwaysbored.B.Shemissesherfamily.C.Sheisbusythisweekend.9.Whendidthegirlseeherfamilylasttime?A.Onaholiday.B.Onherbirthday.C.Atarelative’swedding.听第8段材料，回答第10至12题。10.Whatarethespeakersmainlydiscussing?A.Childeducation.B.Noisedisturbance.C.Petmanagement.11.Whatdoweknowaboutthespeakers’newneighbors?A.Theyhavethreekids.B.Theyhaveabigapartment.C.Theyoftenkeeptheirdogsin.12Howwillthespeakersprobablydealwiththeproblem?A.Speakwiththeirneighbors.B.Talkwiththeotherresidents.C.Sendamessagetotheirneighbors.听第9段材料，回答第13至16题。13.Wherearethespeakers?A.Inamuseum.B.Inalibrary.C.Inastudio.14.WhendidRonaldmeetAnsel?A.Whilefishingonaboat.B.Whilewalkingthroughthewoods.C.Whilerelaxingonthetopofamountain.15.WhatmadeRonaldwanttolearnfromAnsel?A.Thatheknewthebestspots.B.Thathehadapassionforart.C.Thathehadawealthofinformation.16.WhoisRonald?A.Adesigner.B.Aphotographer.C.Ahistorian.听第10段材料，回答第17至20题。17.HowdidtheDoggerlandpeoplemakealiving?A.Byhunting.B.Byfarming.C.Bytrading.18.WhooftenfindtheevidenceofDoggerland?A.Scientists.B.Fishermen.C.Historians.19.Whichmodernissuedoresearcherswarnusabout?A.Climatechange.B.Immigration.C.Pollution.20.Whatisthemainsubjectofthetalk?A.TheUK’sancientfloodstories.B.ThedangeroffloodingintheUK.C.AncientfloodedlandofftheUKcoast.第二部分阅读(共两节，满分50分)第一节(共15小题；每小题2.5分，满分37.5分)阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。ATHEWEEK,fulloftheworld’sbestnewsandfacts,offeringscience,animals,puzzles,people,apps,photos,books,sportsandeatinginsects,helpsyoungpeoplemakesenseoftheworld.IranProtestsContinueToEscalatePeopleinIranheldmorelargeprotestsagainstthegovernmentonOctober30afterbeingwarnednottobyauthorities.Studentswhotookdownpartitionwallsmeanttoseparatemenandwomenincafeteriaswerearrested.ProtestsbeganinSeptemberafterthedeathofMahsaAmini,whowasarrestedforshowingherhairinpublic.LalitpurNepalHinduTiharFestivalPeopleinNepalmarkedtheseconddayoftheTiharfestival,whichisdedicatedtoworshippingdogsandhighlightingtheirloyaltytohumans.ThefivedayfestivalisassociatedwiththeHinduGodYamaandeachdayisdedicatedtoadifferentanimal.AttheSnehaCareshelter,whichishometoabout170dogs,peoplespentthedaygivingdogstreatsandplacingorangegarlands(花环)aroundtheirnecks.SingaporeGreenTowerOpensAnew919foottallskyscrapercontaining80,000plantshasopenedinSingapore.Theofficebuildingisalsoa“greenoasis”forpeopletovisitandexplore.Onthetopfloorthereisa4,500squarefootrooftopfarm,whichproducesherbs,flowers,fruit,andvegetablesforthreerestaurantsinthebuilding.Itisestimatedthatthefarm,whichvisitorscanalsowalkthrough,growsbetween154and220poundsofproduceeachmonth.1Whydidstudentspulldownpartitionwalls?A.Towarntheauthorities.B.TomournthedeathofMahsaAmini.C.Tofightagainstinequalityofgenders.D.Toseparatemenandwomenincafeterias.2.HowistheTiharfestivalcelebrated?A.Itiscelebratedallaroundtheworld.B.Peoplehavefivedaysofftodothecelebration.C.DifferentanimalsaretreatedattheSnehaCareshelter.D.Dogsareentertainedfortheirloyaltyonitssecondday.3.Whatdoesthe919foottallskyscraperinSingaporefunctionas?A.Averticalfarm. B.Ashoppingcenter.C.Anofficebuilding. D.Anindoorrecreationcenter.【答案】1.C2.D3.C【解析】【导语】这是一篇应用文。《本周》充满了世界上最好的新闻和事实，帮助年轻人了解世界。文章介绍了《本周》上的三则新闻。【1题详解】推理判断题。根据IranProtestsContinueToEscalate部分下的“Studentswhotookdownpartitionwallsmeanttoseparatemenandwomenincafeteriaswerearrested.(拆除自助餐厅隔离男女的隔墙的学生被逮捕。)”可知，隔离墙将男女隔开，这是性别不平等的表现，由此可推知，学生推倒隔墙的原因是反对性别不平等。故选C。【2题详解】细节理解题。根据Lalitpur,NepalHinduTiharFestival部分下的“PeopleinNepalmarkedtheseconddayoftheTiharfestival,whichisdedicatedtoworshippingdogsandhighlightingtheirloyaltytohumans.(尼泊尔人民庆祝Tihar节的第二天，这个节日致力于崇拜狗并强调狗对人类的忠诚。)”和“AttheSnehaCareshelter,whichishometoabout170dogs,peoplespentthedaygivingdogstreatsandplacingorangegarlands(花环)aroundtheirnecks.(在Sneha护理收容所，这是大约170只狗的家，人们花了一整天给狗狗零食，并把橙色花环挂在它们的脖子上。)”可知，在Tihar节的第二天狗会因为它们的忠诚而得到款待。故选D。【3题详解】细节理解题。根据SingaporeGreenTowerOpens部分下的“Anew919foottallskyscrapercontaining80,000plantshasopenedinSingapore.Theofficebuildingisalsoa“greenoasis”forpeopletovisitandexplore.(一座新的919英尺高的摩天大楼在新加坡落成，其中包括8万家工厂。这个办公楼也是人们参观和探索的“绿洲”。)”可知，919英尺高的摩天大楼是一座办公楼，故选C。BMayaLin,designerandsculptor,hascreatedsomeofthemosticonicworksandspaceswiththebeliefthatartcanaddressimportantissues.Herlatestprojectsarenodifferent,frommuseumstosculpturesforPresidentialcenters.Lin,62,grewupinOhio,thedaughterofcollegeprofessorswhowereChineseimmigrants.Asa21yearoldstudentatYaleUniversity,shegainednationalprominencewhenherentrywonadesignpetitionforthenewVietnamVeteransMemorialinWashington,D.C.Herwinningdesign—twoblackgranite(花岗岩)wallsengravedwiththenamesofUSservicememberswhodiedintheVietnamWar(19541975)orremainmissing—isconsideredoneofthemostinfluentialinmodernarchitecture.Linwentontodesignthe1989CivilRightsMemorialinMontgomery,Alabama,anddozensofotherprojectsglobally,allwithsocialandenvironmentaljusticeinmind.ShetoldTheWallStreetJournalsheusesfactsinherart.Shesaid,“Iamgoingtopresentyouwithwhatthestoryis,butIamnotgoingtodrawtheconclusionforyou.”CurrentlyunderwayisLin’splanforthenewMuseumofChineseinAmericainNewYorkCity.LinsaidshewantsittobeacelebrationofChineseAmericanstoriesandcontributionstothecountry.LinisalsodesigningasculpturetohonorformerPresidentBarackObama’smother,whodiedin1995,attheObamaPresidentialCenterinIllinois.WhenObamaawardedLinthePresidentialMedalofFreedomin2016,hecalledherwork“physicalactsofpoetry,eachremindingusthatthemostimportantelementinartorarchitectureishumanemotion.”4.WhatisMayaLin’sprincipletomakehercreation?A.Artistoleadtoreputation B.Artisaphysicalactofpoetry.C.Artistocreatesomethingdistinguished. D.Artcanbeamediumtoapproachaffairs.5.WhatisconveyedinherworkfortheVietnamVeteransMemorial?A.USsoldiers’sacrificeintheVietnamWar.B.TheinfluenceoftheVietnamWaronAmerica.C.ThebloodyandcruelscenesoftheVietnamWar.D.Vietnamesesoldiers’fearlessfightintheVietnamWar.6.WherewillthesculptureofBarackObama’smotherbehoused?A.VietnamVeteransMemorialinWashington,D.C.B.CivilRightsMemorialinMontgomery,Alabama.C.MuseumofChineseinAmericainNewYorkCity.D.ObamaPresidentialCenterinIllinois.7.Whichofthefollowingbestsuitsthetopicofthepassage?A.DesigningwithtalentsB.StirringupemotionsinartC.BeingagreatChineseimmigrantD.Creatingthemostinfluentialarchitecture【答案】4.D5.A6.D7.B【解析】【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了著名设计师兼雕塑家林璎（MayaLin）的生平事迹以及她的一些作品。【4题详解】细节理解题。根据第一段中“MayaLin,designerandsculptor,hascreatedsomeofthemosticonicworksandspaceswiththebeliefthatartcanaddressimportantissues.(林璎，设计师和雕塑家，带着艺术可以解决重要问题的理念创造了一些最具标志性的作品和空间。她最近的项目也不例外，从博物馆到总统中心的雕塑。)”可知，MayaLin所创作的作品一直践行着艺术可以解决重要问题的理念；由此可知，林璎创作的原则是艺术可以是解决重要事情的一个方法。故选D。【5题详解】细节理解题。根据第二段中“Asa21yearoldstudentatYaleUniversity,shegainednationalprominencewhenherentrywonadesignpetitionforthenewVietnamVeteransMemorialinWashington,D.C.Herwinningdesign—twoblackgranite(花岗岩)wallsengravedwiththenamesofUSservicememberswhodiedintheVietnamWar(19541975)orremainmissing—isconsideredoneofthemostinfluentialinmodernarchitecture.(作为耶鲁大学的一名21岁的学生，她赢得了华盛顿特区新越南退伍军人纪念碑的设计比赛，从而在全国引起了关注。她的获奖设计——两面黑色花岗岩墙上刻有在越南战争（19541975）中阵亡或失踪的美国军人的名字——被认为是现代建筑中最具影响力的设计之一。)”可知，她的获奖设计越战退伍军人纪念碑上刻有在越南战争中阵亡或失踪的美国军人的名字；由此可知，她所设计的作品越战退伍军人纪念碑表达了美国士兵在越南战争中的牺牲。故选A。【6题详解】细节理解题。根据最后一段中“LinisalsodesigningasculpturetohonorformerPresidentBarackObama’smother,whodiedin1995,attheObamaPresidentialCenterinIllinois.

(林还在伊利诺斯州的奥巴马总统中心设计一座雕塑，以纪念1995年去世的前总统巴拉克·奥巴马的母亲。)”可知，奥巴马母亲的雕塑将被安置在伊利诺伊州的奥巴马总统中心。故选D。【7题详解】主旨大意题。本文主要讲述了著名设计师兼雕塑家MayaLin的生平事迹以及她的一些作品，她通过所创作出的艺术作品表达了不同的情感。B选项“Stirringupemotionsinart(在艺术中唤起情感)”最符合文章的主题，与文章结尾句中的“eachremindingusthatthemostimportantelementinartorarchitectureishumanemotion(每一个都提醒我们，艺术或建筑中最重要的元素是人类的情感)”相呼应。故选B。CMakingandretainingdeep,meaningfulfriendshipsasanadultishard,especiallyformen.Lessthanhalfofmenreportbeingsatisfiedwiththeirfriendships,andonlyabout1in5saidtheyhadreceivedemotionalsupportfromafriendinthelastweek,paredwith4in10women,accordingtoa2021surveyfromtheSurveyCenteronAmericanLife.Whyisitsohard?WhenDr.FrankSileo,apsychologistbasedinRidgewood,NewJersey,firstbeganconductingresearchonmalefriendshipsin1995,manyparticipantsassumedhissurveywasabouthomosexuality.Suchstereotypesareinaccurate,butrevealedsomeofwhatmaybeholdingsomemenbackfromdeepfriendships,Sileosaid.Besides,boysreceivemessagesthatgrowingupand“manningup”meanhidingtheirsoftsideamindsetthatneuroscience,socialscienceanddevelopmentalpsychologyallshowisharmfultothem.Thedrivetotoughenupandnevershowvulnerability(脆弱)thatrestrictsmenfromfriendshipscanleadthemtoloneliness,violenceandanger.“Weconsiderrelationshipsasfeminine.”Sileosaid.“Ifthat’safeminine(女性特有的)thing,itbeesaweaknessorinabilityifmenadmittoneedingfriendships.”Thus,menseekingclosenessmightturntothosetheyseeasbetteratbuildingrelationshipsandfeelfortableexploringtheirvulnerabilitywith:thewomenintheirlivesandtheirromanticpartners,accordingtoSileo’sresearch.Itmayseemlikeagoodsolution,butputtingeverythingonaromanticpartnercanstrainarelationship,whetheritisgoingtoafemalepartnerexclusivelyforemotionalsupportordependingonhertocultivatefriendshipsandgettogetherforholidaysandweekends.Itiscrucialtohavemultiplepeopletogotoforsupportfordifferentperspectives.“Menneedtoknowit’snotjustawomanthing.”shesaid.“Theyneedtoknowthatmencandoit,too.”Weliveinaculturethatclasheswithournature.Ifweraisechildrentogoagainsttheirnature,weshouldn’tbesurprisedifsomeofthosechildrengrowuptostruggle.Researchhasshownexpressionofnegativeemotionsimprovedmen’semotionalwellbeing,increasedfeelingsofbeingunderstoodandresultedinlessreportedloneliness.Sojustasmanymenmakeagreatefforttoeatright,exercise,succeedintheircareersandraisechildren,menshouldprioritizedevelopingfriendshipsaswell.8.Whydoestheauthormentionsomenumbersinthefirstparagraph?A.Toinformafact. B.Tointroducethetopic.C.Tosupportanopinion. D.Tomakeaparison.9WhatdoweknowaboutDr.FrankSileo’sresearchin1995?A.Itstudiesmen’shealth.B.Itstudiesmen’sfriendships.C.Itstudiesmalehomosexuality.D.Itstudiesreasonswhymenlackdeepfriendships.10.Whichonemaybetheconsequenceifamanlacksfriendship?A.Amanmaygetusedtoit. B.Amanmayturntoawoman.C.Amanmaybeefeminine. D.Amanmayfocusmoreonhiscareer.11.Whichcolumndoesthispassagemostprobablybelongto?A.Science B.Culture C.Health D.Entertainment【答案】8.C9.B10.B11.C【解析】【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍的是成年男人需要友谊，这是十分重要的。【8题详解】推理判断题。根据第一段“Makingandretainingdeep,meaningfulfriendshipsasanadultishard,especiallyformen.Lessthanhalfofmenreportbeingsatisfiedwiththeirfriendships,andonlyabout1in5saidtheyhadreceivedemotionalsupportfromafriendinthelastweek,paredwith4in10women,accordingtoa2021surveyfromtheSurveyCenteronAmericanLife.(作为一个成年人，建立并保持深厚而有意义的友谊是很难的，尤其是对男人来说。美国生活调查中心2021年的一项调查显示，只有不到一半的男性表示对自己的友谊感到满意，只有约五分之一的男性表示，他们在上周从朋友那里得到了情感支持，而女性的这一比例为十分之四。)”可知，第一段中通过数字来说明的“作为一个成年人，建立并保持深厚而有意义的友谊是很难的，尤其是对男人来说”这一观点。故选C。【9题详解】细节理解题。根据第二段中“WhenDr.FrankSileo,apsychologistbasedinRidgewood,NewJersey,firstbeganconductingresearchonmalefriendshipsin1995,manyparticipantsassumedhissurveywasabouthomosexuality.(1995年，新泽西州里奇伍德的心理学家弗兰克·西莱奥博士首次开始对男性友谊进行研究时，许多参与者都以为他的调查是关于同性恋的。)”可知，弗兰克·西莱奥博士在1995年研究的是男人之间的友谊。故选B。【10题详解】推理判断题。根据第四段中“Thus,menseekingclosenessmightturntothosetheyseeasbetteratbuildingrelationshipsandfeelfortableexploringtheirvulnerabilitywith:thewomenintheirlivesandtheirromanticpartners,accordingtoSileo’sresearch.(因此，根据Sileo的研究，寻求亲密关系的男性可能会转向那些他们认为更善于建立关系、更能自如地探索自己弱点的人：生活中的女性和他们的浪漫伴侣。)”可知，男士缺乏友谊的时候，他们会转向生活中的女性或者是他们的浪漫伴侣。故选B。【11题详解】推理判断题。通读全文，尤其是最后一段中“Researchhasshownexpressionofnegativeemotionsimprovedmen’semotionalwellbeing,increasedfeelingsofbeingunderstoodandresultedinlessreportedloneliness.Sojustasmanymenmakeagreatefforttoeatright,exercise,succeedintheircareersandraisechildren,menshouldprioritizedevelopingfriendshipsaswell.(研究表明，负面情绪的表达能够提高男性的情绪幸福感，增加被理解的感觉，减少人们所说的孤独感。因此，就像许多男人努力保持正确的饮食、锻炼、事业成功和抚养孩子一样，男人也应该优先考虑发展友谊。)”可知，本文主要讲述的是在生活中友谊对于成年男性来说是很重要的，他们可以向朋友倾诉负面情绪，这能提高他们的情绪幸福感，增加被理解的感觉，减少孤独感，由此可以推断文章选自于健康栏目。故选C。DWhileDNAfromanimalbonesorteethcancastlightonanindividualspecies,environmentalDNAenabledscientiststobuildapictureofawholeecosystem.Acoreoficeagesediment(沉积物)fromnorthernGreenlandhasyieldedtheworld’soldestsequencesofDNA.The2millionyearoldDNAsamplesrevealedthenowlargelylifelesspolarregionwasoncehometorichplantandanimallife—includingelephantlikemammalsknownasmastodons(乳齿象),reindeer,hares,lemmings,geese,birchtreesandpoplars,accordingtonewresearchpublishedinthejournalNatureonWednesday.ThefindingistheworkofscientistsinDenmarkwhowereabletodetectandrestoreenvironmentalDNA—geneticmaterialdropintotheenvironmentbyalllivingorganisms—intinyamountsofsedimenttakenfromtheCopenhagenFormation,inthemouthofastraitintheArcticOceaninGreenland’snorthernmostpoint,duringa2006expedition.TheythenparedtheDNApieceswithlibrariesofDNAcollectedfrombothextinctandlivinganimals,plantsandmicroorganisms.Thegeneticmaterialrevealeddozensofotherplantsandcreaturesthathadnotbeenpreviouslydetectedatthesitebasedonwhat’sknownfromfossilsandpollenrecords.“Thefirstthingthatblewourmindwhenwe’relookingatthisdataisobviouslythismastodonandthepresenceofitthatfarnorth,whichisquitefarnorthofwhatweknewasitsnaturalrange,”saidstudycoauthorMikkelPedersen.Themixoftemperate(温带)andArctictreesandanimalssuggestedapreviouslyunknowntypeofecosystemthathasnomodernequivalent—onethatcouldactasageneticroadmapforhowdifferentspeciesmightadapttoawarmerclimate,theresearchersfound.LoveDalen,aprofessorattheCentreforPalaeogeneticsatStockholmUniversity,saidthefinding“pushedtheenvelope”forthefieldofancientDNA.“Also,thefindingsthatseveraltemperatespecies(suchasrelativesofspruceandmastodon)livedatsuchhighlatitudesareexceptionallyinteresting,”headded.FurtherstudyofenvironmentalDNAfromthistimeperiodcouldhelpscientistsunderstandhowvariousorganismsmightadapttoclimatechange.“It’saclimatethatweexpecttofaceonEarthduetoglobalwarminganditgivesussomeideaofhownaturewillrespondtoincreasingtemperatures,”heexplained.12.WhatcanweknowaboutenvironmentalDNAfromthepassage?A.Itmakesiteasiertounderstandindividualspecies.B.ItisacollectionofDNAfromallkindsoflivingthings.C.ItincludesDNAofmammalsliving2millionyearsago.D.ItwasfirstdiscoveredinsedimentfromnorthernGreenland.13.Howdidthescientistsidentifytheresultoftheirresearch?A.Bylookingatthedataofmastodon.B.BydetectingDNAsamplesatthesite.C.Byanalyzingfossilsandpollenrecords.D.ByparingthenewlyfoundDNAwithexistingones.14.Whatdotheunderlinedwordsmeaninthe7thparagraph?A.brokethelimit B.laidafoundationC.raisedanewquestion D.attractedwideattention15.Whichisthebesttitleforthepassage?A.NorthernGreenlandfacesspeciesextinctionB.OldestDNArevealsasolutiontoglobalwarmingC.NorthernGreenlandfacesincreasingtemperaturesD.OldestDNArevealsa2millionyearoldecosystem【答案】12.B13.D14.A15.D【解析】【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了《自然》杂志上的一项新研究表明，世界上最古老的DNA序列显示了如今没有生命的极地地区在200万年前曾经是丰富的植物和动物的家园。【12题详解】细节理解题。根据第三段中“ThefindingistheworkofscientistsinDenmarkwhowereabletodetectandrestoreenvironmentalDNA—geneticmaterialdropintotheenvironmentbyalllivingorganisms(这项发现是丹麦科学家的工作，他们能够检测和恢复环境DNA——遗传物质滴入环境中的所有生物体)”可知，环境DNA是各种生物DNA的集合。故选B。【13题详解】细节理解题。根据第四段中“TheythenparedtheDNApieceswithlibrariesofDNAcollectedfrombothextinctandlivinganimals,plantsandmicroorganisms.(然后，他们将这些DNA片段与从已经灭绝和活着的动物、植物和微生物中收集的DNA文库进行比较)”可知，科学家们通过比较新发现的DNA和现有的DNA来确定他们的研究结果的，故选D。【14题详解】词句猜测题。根据上文“Themixoftemperate(温带)andArctictreesandanimalssuggestedapreviouslyunknowntypeofecosystemthathasnomodernequivalent—onethatcouldactasageneticroadmapforhowdifferentspeciesmightadapttoawarmerclimate,theresearchersfound.(研究人员发现，温带和北极的树木和动物的混合表明了一种以前未知的生态系统类型，这种生态系统没有现代的对应物——它可以作为不同物种如何适应更温暖气候的基因路线图)”可知，研究人员发现了一种以前未知的生态系统类型，结合划线短语所在句子“LoveDalen,aprofessorattheCentreforPalaeogeneticsatStockholmUniversity,saidthefinding“pushedtheenvelope”forthefieldofancientDNA.(斯德哥尔摩大学古遗传学中心的拉夫·达伦教授说，这一发现“pushedtheenvelope”古DNA领域)”可知，发现一种以前未知的生态系统类型这是一个突破，即对古DNA领域来说，是一种突破。由此可知，划线短语“pushedtheenvelope”与A项“brokethelimit(突破极限)”意思一样，故选A。【15题详解】主旨大意题。通读全文，尤其是第二段“Acoreoficeagesediment(沉积物)fromnorthernGreenlandhasyieldedtheworld’soldestsequencesofDNA.The2millionyearoldDNAsamplesrevealedthenowlargelylifelesspolarregionwasoncehometorichplantandanimallifeincludingelephantlikemammalsknownasmastodons(乳齿象),reindeer,hares,lemmings,geese,birchtreesandpoplars,accordingtonewresearchpublishedinthejournalNatureonWednesday.(来自格陵兰岛北部的冰河时期沉积物的核心已经产生了世界上最古老的DNA序列。周三发表在《自然》杂志上的一项新研究表明，200万年前的DNA样本显示，如今基本上没有生命的极地地区曾经是丰富的植物和动物的家园，包括像大象一样的哺乳动物，如乳齿象、驯鹿、野兔、旅鼠、鹅、桦树和白杨。)”可知，文章主要讲述了《自然》杂志上的一项新研究表明，世界上最古老的DNA序列显示了如今没有生命的极地地区在200万年前曾经是丰富的植物和动物的家园。由此可知，D项“最古老的DNA揭示了一个有两百万年历史的生态系统”适合作文章标题，故选D。第二节(共5小题；每小题2.5分，满分12.5分)阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。WastedtimeworryTheideathattimeisourmostpreciousresourcecanbringwithitasenseoftimepressure.Wearealwaystold“Timeismoneyandtimeisrunningout”,sowemustmanageitwell.Wetaketimemanagementcourses,downloadthelatestproductivityappanddivideourdayintoblocks,soourtimeisneverwasted.______16______.Ittellsusweshouldbedoingmorewithourtimeordoingsomethingelse.Wecanspendanafternoonregrettingforthetimewewastedthatmorning,spoilinghoursthatwouldotherwisehavebeenavailabletous.Sometimesit’snotjustthehoursweworryaboutwasting,______17______—thecountlessminutesspentontinychores,answeringemails,replyingtotexts,waitingforotherpeople.Often,whenweworryaboutwastingtime,weareparingourselvestohowproductiveweassumeotherpeopleare.Itmakesusfeelthateveryoneisusingtheirtimewellexceptourselves.Weneedtoshiftawayfromtryingtomaximizeourtimeandreduceourworryaboutwastingit.Wedon’thavetovieweverymomentwedon’tspendthewayweexpectedtoasawaste.Theremaybevalueinthosemomentstoo.______18______.Inasocietythatemphasizestheproductiveuseoftime,wecaneasilyforgetthattimeweenjoyedwastingisnotwastedtime.Thenhowmuchshouldwebeworking?Researcherssayonmostdays,threetofourhoursofhighquality,focusedmentalworkisaboutourmaximum.______19______.Weoftenencounteremptytime,throwingusintoboredom,panicoranxiety,oraddtoourwastedtimeworry.______20______.Forexample,wecanbeemorefortablewithemptymomentsratherthanrushingtomakethebestofeverysecond.Wecanallowustopauseandthink.Wecanseeourmutingtimeasachancetoletourmindwanderratherthancheckingsocialmedia.A.WorkingbeyondthatcanbeawasteB.WorkingtomaximumisthesecrettosuccessC.butthescrapsoftimethatgetlostinbetweenD.WecansimplyappreciatetheparttheyplayedinourlifeE.However,weneedsomehoursinthedaytowasteaswewishF.WecansimplysetasidemoremomentsfortheworkofthedayG.Yetinourcrazyattemptstoaccountforeveryhour,wefallintowastedtimeworry【答案】16.G17.C18.D19.A20.E【解析】【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了人在生活中拥有浪费时间的担忧，但是作者认为这是不必要的。【16题详解】根据后文的“Ittellsusweshouldbedoingmorewithourtimeordoingsomethingelse.(它告诉我们，我们应该用我们的时间做更多的事情或做其他事情。)”可知，此处强调的是我们总是被告知要充分利用时间，利用时间去做更多的事情或者其他的事情，故我们深深陷入一种时间焦虑或者时间担忧的情绪中。G选项“Yetinourcrazyattemptstoaccountforeveryhour,wefallintowastedtimeworry.(然而，在我们疯狂地试图解释每一个小时的时候，我们陷入了浪费时间的担忧中。)”与下文的It呼应，符合语境。故选G。【17题详解】根据前文的“Sometimesit’snotjustthehoursweworryaboutwasting,(有时候，我们担心浪费的不仅仅是时间，)”可知，此处强调的是有时候，我们担心浪费的不仅仅是时间，后文应该与此构成转折关系，即强调我们还有其他的担心。C选项“butthescrapsoftimethatgetlostinbetween(但是在这中间丢失的零碎时间)”与前文构成转折关系，并指出其他的担忧是在一些琐碎的小事中丢失零碎时间，引出下文“thecountlessminutesspentontinychores,answeringemails,replyingtotexts,waitingforotherpeople(无数分钟花在琐碎的琐事上，回复邮件，回复短信，等待他人)”举例讲在一些琐碎的小事中丢失零碎时间。故选C。【18题详解】根据前文的“Wedon’thavetovieweverymomentwedon’tspendthewayweexpectedtoasawaste.Theremaybevalueinthosemomentstoo.(我们不必把没有按预期方式度过的每一刻都视为浪费。这些时刻也可能有价值。)”可知，此处强调我们没有必要把没有按预期方式度过的每一刻都视为浪费，后文应该强调我们可以承认被浪费时间的价值。D选项“Wecansimplyappreciatetheparttheyplayedinourlife.(我们可以简单地欣赏它们在我们生命中所扮演的角色。)”承接上文，承认被浪费时间在生命中的价值。故选D。【19题详解】根据前文“Researcherssayonmostdays,threetofourhoursofhighquality,focusedmentalworkisaboutourmaximum.(研究人员表示，在大多数日子里，三到四个小时的高质量、专注的脑力劳动是我们的极限。)”指出，三到四个小时的高质量、专注的脑力劳动是我们的极限。后文对此极限进行探讨。A选项“Workingbeyondthatcanbeawaste.(超出这个范围工作可能是一种浪费。)”中的that指代前文的threetofourhoursofhighquality。故选A。【20题详解】根据后文“Forexample,wecanbeemorefortablewithemptymomentsratherthanrushingtomakethebestofeverysecond.(例如，我们可以更适应空虚的时刻，而不是急于充分利用每一秒。)”可知，此处举例说明我们可以在某些时候虚度光阴，而不是急于充分利用每一秒。E选项“However,weneedsomehoursinthedaytowasteaswewish。(然而，我们一天中需要一些时间来随心所欲地浪费。)”强调我们一天中需要一些时间来随心所欲地浪费，与下文呼应。故选E。第三部分语言运用(共两节，满分30分)第一节(共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分)阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。LionelMessiwasbornonJune24,1987,inArgentina.Hewasnicknamed“Leo”.Hewasthethirdchildinamiddleclassfamilywholovedfootball.____21____,youngLeodevelopedapassionforfootballhimself.Atfouryearsold,LeojoinedtheGrandolilocalclub,wherehewas____22____byhisfather.Leopracticeddayinanddayout,____23____outingswithhisfriendsbeforeagame.HisfathercontinuedLeo’s____24____eventhoughhebattledwithmoneyandstruggledtomakethebestofhischild.FootballmadeLeohappyand____25____him.Hebegantodreamofbeingaprofessionalfootballer.Hisgrandmotherusedto____26____acpanyLeototrainingsessionsasachild.Whenhewas10,hisgrandmotherpassedaway.Thefamilywasshockedandher____27____affectedMessibeyonddescription.Hedidn’t____28____afootballforweeks,buthisfatherencouragedhimtocarryon.Hereturned,aimingtomakehisgrandmother____29____.Aftereverygoal,hewouldpointtwofingerstowardsthesky,dedicatingthe____30____tohisgrandmother.Butashegrewolder,hisheightremainedthesame.Hewas____31____withaninabilitytogrow.Thismeanthe____32____beingadwarfunlesshereceivedspecialtreatment,whichwouldcost$1,500permonth.Despiteallofthese____33____,Messiremainedpositiveandhopeful.Hardeffortpaidoff.F.CBarcelonahiredMessiandsigneda(n)____34____withhimonanapkin.Astheseasonswenton,thetalentedfootballplayerkeptimprovingandbreakinghisownrecords.Nowhehas____35____hisgoalofbringinghomeaworldcupandmadehistory.21.A.Surprisingly B.Personally C.Naturally D.Eventually22.A.coached B.pushed C.raised D.scolded23.A.considering B.skipping C.blocking D.arranging24.A.description B.expectation C.motivation D.instruction25.A.motivated B.benefited C.forted D.affected26.A.entirely B.routinely C.sincerely D.properly27.A.pany B.attention C.absence D.presence28.A.touch B.pick C.grab D.tackle29.A.amazed B.unique C.sacred D.proud30.A.oute B.victory C.credit D.wonder31.A.diagnosed B.infected C.surrounded D.associated32.A.turnedout B.endedup C.keptup D.stoodout33.A.changes B.crises C.losses D.obstacles34.A.file B.signature C.contract D.initiative35.A.pursued B.challenged C.scored D.achieved【答案】21.C22.A23.B24.D25.A26.B27.C28.A29.D30.B31.A32.B33.D34.C35.D【解析】【导语】这是一篇记叙文。这篇文章主要讲述了阿根廷足球运动员梅西的成长经历和职业生涯，包括他从小就对足球的热情，以及在面对身高障碍和祖母去世等困难时如何坚持努力，并最终成为一名成功的足球运动员。【21题详解】考查副词词义辨析。句意：很自然，