2015年全国硕士研究生招生考试英语试题及答案

2015年全国硕士研究生招生考试英语（一）试题SectionI UseofEnglishDirections:Readthefollowingtext.Choosethebestword(s)foreachnumberedblankandmarkA,B,CorDontheANSWERSHEET.(10points)Thoughnotbiologicallyrelated,friendsareas“related”asfourthcousins,sharingabout1%ofgenes.Thatis1 apublishedfromtheUniversityofCaliforniaandUniversityintheProceedingsoftheNationalAcademyofSciences,has2 .Thestudyisagenome-wideanalysisconducted31,932uniquesubjectswhich4pairsofunrelatedfriendsandunrelatedstrangers.Thesamepeoplewereusedinboth5.While1%mayseem6,itisnotsotoageneticist.AsJamesFowler,professorofmedicalgeneticsatUCSanDiego,says,“Mostpeopledonoteven7theirfourthcousinsbutsomehowmanagetoselectasfriendsthepeoplewho8ourkin.”Thestudy9foundthatthegenesforsmellweresomethingsharedinfriendsbutnotgenesforimmunity.Whythissimilarityexistsinsmellgenesisdifficulttoexplain,fornow.10,astheteamsuggests,itdrawsustosimilarenvironmentsbutthereismoreit.Therecouldbemanymechanismsworkingtogetherthat12 usinchoosinggeneticallysimilarfriends13 “functionalkinship”ofbeingfriendswith14 !Oneoftheremarkablefindingsofthestudywasthatthesimilargenesseemtobeevolving15thanothergenes.Studyingthiscouldhelp16whyhumanevolutionpickedpaceinthelast30,000years,withsocialenvironmentbeingamajor17factor.Thefindingsdonotsimplyexplainpeople’s18tobefriendthoseofsimilar19backgrounds,saytheresearchers.ThoughallthesubjectsweredrawnfromapopulationofEuropeanextraction,carewastakento20thatallsubjects,friendsandstrangers,weretakenfromthesamepopulation.[A]what[A]defended[B]why[B]concluded[C]how[C]withdrawn[D]when[D]advised3. [A]for[B]with[C]by[D]on4. [A]separated[B]sought[C]compared[D]connected5. [A]tests[B]objects[C]samples[D]examples6. [A]insignificant[B]unexpected[C]unreliable[D]incredible7. [A]visit[B]miss[C]know[D]seek8. [A]surpass[B]influence[C]favor[D]resemble9. [A]again[B]also[C]instead[D]thus10.[A]Meanwhile[B]Furthermore[C]Likewise[D]Perhaps11.[A]about[B]to[C]from[D]like12.[A]limit[B]observe[C]confuse[D]drive13.[A]accordingto[B]ratherthan[C]regardlessof[D]alongwith14.[A]chances[B]responses[C]benefits[D]missions15.[A]faster[B]slower[C]later[D]earlier16.[A]forecast[B]remember[C]express[D]understand17.[A]unpredictable[B]contributory[C]controllable[D]disruptive18.[A]tendency[B]decision[C]arrangement[D]endeavor19.[A]political[B]religious[C]ethnic[D]economic20.[A]see[B]show[C]prove[D]tellSectionII ReadingComprehensionPartADirections:Readthefollowingfourtexts.AnswerthequestionsbeloweachtextbychoosingA,B,CorD.MarkyouranswersontheANSWERSHEET.(40points)Text1KingJuanCarlosofSpainonceinsisted“kingsdon’tabdicate,theydieintheirsleep.”ButembarrassingscandalsandthepopularityoftherepublicanleftintherecentEuro-electionshaveforcedhimtoeathiswordsandstanddown.So,doestheSpanishcrisissuggestthatmonarchyisseeingitslastdays?DoesthatmeanthewritingisonthewallforallEuropeanroyals,withtheirmagnificentuniformsandmajesticlifestyles?TheSpanishcaseprovidesargumentsbothforandagainstmonarchy.Whenpublicopinionisparticularlypolarised,asitwasfollowingtheendoftheFrancoregime,monarchscanriseabove“mere”politicsand“embody”aspiritofnationalunity.Itisthisapparenttranscendenceofpoliticsthatexplainsmonarchs’continuingpopularityasheadsofstate.Andso,theMiddleEastexcepted,Europeisthemostmonarch-infestedregionintheworld,with10kingdoms(notcountingCityandAndorra).ButunliketheirabsolutistcounterpartsintheGulfandAsia,mostroyalfamilieshavesurvivedbecausetheyallowvoterstoavoidthedifficultsearchforanon-controversialbutrespectedpublicfigure.Evenso,kingsandqueensundoubtedlyhaveadownside.Symbolicofnationalunityastheyclaimtobe,theirveryhistory—andsometimesthewaytheybehavetoday—embodiesoutdatedandindefensibleprivilegesandinequalities.AtatimewhenThomasPikettyandothereconomistsarewarningofrisinginequalityandtheincreasingpowerofinheritedwealth,itisbizarrethatwealthyaristocraticfamiliesshouldstillbethesymbolicheartofmoderndemocraticstates.Themostsuccessfulmonarchiesstrivetoabandonorhidetheiroldaristocraticways.Princesandprincesseshaveday-jobsandridebicycles,nothorses(orhelicopters).Evenso,thesearewealthyfamilieswhopartywiththeinternational1%,andmediaintrusivenessmakesitincreasinglydifficulttomaintaintherightimage.WhileEurope’smonarchieswillnodoubtbesmartenoughtosurviveforsometimetocome,itistheBritishroyalswhohavemosttofearfromtheSpanishexample.ItisonlytheQueenwhohaspreservedthemonarchy’sreputationwithherratherordinary(ifwell-heeled)grannystyle.ThedangerwillcomewithCharles,whohasbothanexpensivetasteoflifestyleandaprettyhierarchicalviewoftheworld.Hehasfailedtounderstandthatmonarchieshavelargelysurvivedbecausetheyprovideaservice—asnon-controversialandnon-politicalheadsofstate.CharlesoughttoknowthatasEnglishhistoryshows,itiskings,notrepublicans,whoarethemonarchy’sworstenemies.Accordingtothefirsttwoparagraphs,KingJuanCarlosofSpain［A］usedtoenjoyhighpublicsupport.［B］wasunpopularamongEuropeanroyals.［C］easedhisrelationshipwithhisrivals.［D］endedhisreigninembarrassment.MonarchsarekeptasheadsofstateinEuropemostly［A］owingtotheirundoubtedandrespectablestatus.［B］toachieveabalancebetweentraditionandreality.［C］togivevotersmorepublicfigurestolookupto.［D］duetotheireverlastingpoliticalembodiment.Whichofthefollowingisshowntobeodd,accordingtoParagraph4?［A］Aristocrats’excessiverelianceoninheritedwealth.［B］Theroleofthenobilityinmoderndemocracies.［C］Thesimplelifestyleofthearistocraticfamilies.［D］Thenobility’sadherencetotheirprivileges.TheBritishroyals“havemosttofear”becauseCharles［A］takesatoughlineonpoliticalissues.［B］failstochangehislifestyleasadvised.［C］takesrepublicansashispotentialallies.［D］failstoadapthimselftohisfuturerole.Whichofthefollowingisthebesttitleofthetext?［A］Carlos,GloryandDisgraceCombined［B］Charles,AnxioustoSucceedtotheThrone［C］Carlos,aLessonforAllEuropeanMonarchs［D］Charles,SlowtoReacttotheComingThreatsText2JusthowmuchdoestheConstitutionprotectyourdigitaldata?TheSupremeCourtwillnowconsiderwhetherpolicecansearchthecontentsofamobilephonewithoutawarrantifthephoneisonoraroundapersonduringanarrest.Californiahasaskedthejusticestorefrainfromasweepingruling,particularlyonethatupsetstheoldassumptionthatauthoritiesmaysearchthroughthepossessionsofsuspectsatthetimeoftheirarrest.Itishard,thestateargues,forjudgestoassesstheimplicationsofnewandrapidlychangingtechnologies.ThecourtwouldberecklesslymodestifitfollowedCalifornia’sadvice.Enoughoftheimplicationsarediscernable,evenobvious,sothatthejusticescanandshouldprovideupdatedguidelinestopolice,lawyersanddefendants.TheyshouldstartbydiscardingCalifornia’slameargumentthatexploringthecontentsofasmartphone—avaststorehouseofdigitalinformation—issimilarto,goingthroughasuspect’spurse.Thecourthasruledthatpolicedon’tviolatetheFourthAmendmentwhentheygothroughthewalletorpocketbookofanarresteewithoutawarrant.Butexploringsmartphoneismorelikeenteringhisorherhome.Asmartphonemaycontainanarrestee’sreadingfinancialmedicalhistoryandcomprehensiverecordsofrecentcorrespondence.Thedevelopmentof“cloudcomputing,”meanwhile,hasmadethatexplorationsomuchtheeasier.Americansshouldtakestepstoprotecttheirdigitalprivacy.Butkeepingsensitiveinformationonthesedevicesisincreasinglyarequirementofnormallife.CitizensstillhavearighttoexpectprivatedocumentstoremainprivateandprotectedbytheConstitution’sprohibitiononunreasonablesearches.Assooftenisthecase,statingthatprincipledoesn’teasethechallengeofline-drawing.Inmanycases,itwouldnotbeoverlyburdensomeforauthoritiestoobtainawarranttosearchthroughphonecontents.TheycouldstillinvalidateFourthAmendmentprotectionswhenfacingsevere,urgentcircumstances,andtheycouldtakereasonablemeasurestoensurethatphonedataarenoterasedoralteredwhilewaitingforawarrant.Thecourt,though,maywanttoallowroomforpolicetocitesituationswheretheyareentitledtomorefreedom.ButthejusticesshouldnotswallowCalifornia’sargumentwhole.New,disruptivetechnologysometimesdemandsnovelapplicationsoftheConstitution’sprotections.Orinalawprofessor,comparestheexplosionandaccessibilityofdigitalinformationinthe21stcenturywiththeestablishmentofautomobileuseasavirtualnecessityoflifeinthe20th:Thejusticeshadtospecifynovelrulesforthenewpersonaldomainofthepassengercarthen;theymustsortouthowtheFourthAmendmentappliestodigitalinformationTheSupremeCourtwillworkoutwhether,duringanarrest,itislegitimateto［A］searchforsuspects’mobilephoneswithoutawarrant.［B］checksuspects’phonecontentswithoutbeingauthorized.［C］preventsuspectsfromdeletingtheirphonecontents.［D］prohibitsuspectsfromusingtheirmobilephones.Theauthor’sattitudetowardCalifornia’sargumentisoneof［A］tolerance. ［B］indifference.［C］disapproval. ［D］cautiousness.Theauthorbelievesthatexploringphonecontentsiscomparableto［A］gettingintoone’sresidence.［B］handlingone’shistoricalrecords.［C］scanningone’scorrespondences.［D］goingthroughone’swallet.InParagraphs5and6,theauthorshowshisconcernthat［A］principlesarehardtobeclearlyexpressed.［B］thecourtisgivingpolicelessroomforaction.［C］phonesareusedtostoresensitiveinformation.［D］citizens’privacyisnoteffectivelyprotected.Orincomparisonisquotedtoindicatethat［A］theConstitutionshouldbeimplementedflexibly.［B］newtechnologyrequiresreinterpretationoftheConstitution.［C］California’sargumentviolatesprinciplesoftheConstitution.［D］principlesoftheConstitutionshouldneverbealtered.Text3ThejournalScienceisaddinganextraroundofstatisticalcheckstoitspeer-reviewprocess,editor-in-chiefMarciaMcNuttannouncedtoday.Thepolicyfollowssimilareffortsfromotherjournals,afterwidespreadconcernthatbasicmistakesindataanalysisarecontributingtotheirreproducibilityofmanypublishedresearchfindings.“Readersmusthaveconfidenceintheconclusionspublishedinourjournal,”writesMcNuttinaneditorial.withtheAmericanStatisticalAssociation,thejournalhasappointedsevenexpertstoastatisticsboardofreviewingeditors(SBoRE).Manuscriptwillbeflaggedupforadditionalscrutinybythejournal’sinternaleditors,orbyitsexistingBoardofReviewingEditorsorbyoutsidepeerreviewers.TheSBoREpanelwillthenfindexternalstatisticianstoreviewthesemanuscripts.Askedwhetheranyparticularpapershadimpelledthechange,McNuttsaid:“Thecreationofthe‘statisticsboard’wasmotivatedbyconcernsbroadlywiththeapplicationofstatisticsanddataanalysisinscientificresearchandispartofoveralldrivetoincreasereproducibilityintheresearchwepublish.”GiovanniParmigiani,abiostatisticianattheHarvardSchoolofPublicHealth,amemberoftheSBoREgroup,saysheexpectstheboardto“playprimarilyanadvisoryrole.”Heagreedtojoinbecausehe“foundtheforesightbehindtheestablishmentoftheSBoREtobenovel,uniqueandlikelytohavealastingimpact.ThisimpactwillnotonlybethroughthepublicationsinScienceitself,buthopefullythroughalargergroupofpublishingplacesthatmaywanttomodeltheirapproachafterScience.”JohnIoannidis,aphysicianwhostudiesresearchsaysthatthepolicyis“amostwelcomestepforward”and“longoverdue.”“Mostjournalsareweakinstatisticalandthisdamagesthequalityofwhattheypublish.Ithinkthat,forthemajorityofscientificpapersnowadays,statisticalreviewismoreessentialthanexpertreview,”hesays.ButhenotedthatbiomedicaljournalssuchasAnnalsofInternalMedicine,theJournaloftheAmericanMedicalAssociationandTheLancetpaystrongattentiontostatisticalreview.Professionalscientistsareexpectedtoknowhowtoanalyzedata,butstatisticalerrorsarealarminglycommoninpublishedresearch,accordingtoDavidacellbiologist.Researchersshouldimprovetheirstandards,hewrotein2012,butjournalsshouldalsotakeatougherline,“engagingreviewerswhoarestatisticallyliterateandeditorswhocanverifytheprocess.”saysthatScience’sideatopasssomepaperstostatisticians“hassomemerit,butaweaknessisthatitreliesontheboardofreviewingeditorstoidentify‘thepapersthatneedscrutiny’inthefirstplace.”ItcanbelearnedfromParagraph1that［A］Scienceintendstosimplifyitspeer-reviewprocess.［B］journalsarestrengtheningtheirstatisticalchecks.［C］fewjournalsareblamedformistakesindataanalysis.［D］lackofdataanalysisiscommoninresearchprojects.Thephrase“flaggedup”(Para.2)istheclosestinmeaningto［A］found. ［B］revised.［C］marked. ［D］stored.GiovanniParmigianibelievesthattheestablishmentoftheSBoREmay［A］poseathreattoallitspeers.［B］meetwithstrongopposition.［C］increaseScience’scirculation.［D］setanexampleforotherjournals.DavidholdsthatwhatScienceisdoingnow［A］addstoresearchers’workload.［B］diminishestheroleofreviewers.［C］hasroomforfurtherimprovement.［D］istofailintheforeseeablefuture.Whichofthefollowingisthebesttitleofthetext?［A］ScienceJoinsPushtoScreenStatisticsinPapers.［B］ProfessionalStatisticiansDeserveMoreRespect.［C］DataAnalysisFindsItsWayontoEditors’Desks.［D］StatisticiansAreComingBackwithScienceText4yearsago,RupertMurdoch’sdaughter,Elisabeth,spokeofthe“unsettlingdearthofintegrityacrosssomanyofourinstitutions.”Integrityhadcollapsed,sheargued,becauseofacollectiveacceptancethattheonly“sortingmechanism”insocietyshouldbeprofitandthemarket.But“it’sus,humanbeings,wethepeoplewhocreatethesocietywewant,notprofit.”Drivingherpointhome,shecontinued:increasinglyapparentthattheabsenceofpurpose,ofamorallanguagewithingovernment,mediaorbusinesscouldbecomeoneofthemostdangerousgoalsforcapitalismandfreedom.”ThissameabsenceofmoralpurposewaswoundingcompaniessuchasNewsInternational,shethought,makingitmorelikelythatitwouldloseitswayasithadwithwidespreadillegaltelephonehacking.Asthehackingtrialconcludes—findingguiltyoneex-editoroftheNewsoftheAndyCoulson,forconspiringtohackphones,andfindinghispredecessor,RebekahBrooks,innocentofthesamecharge—thewiderissueofdearthofintegritystillstands.Journalistsareknowntohavehackedthephonesofupto5,500people.Thisishackingonanindustrialscale,aswasacknowledgedbyGlennMulcaire,themanhiredbytheNewsofthein2001tobethepointpersonforphonehacking.Othersawaittrial.Thislongstorystillunfolds.Inmanyrespects,thedearthofmoralpurposeframesnotonlythefactofsuchwidespreadphonehackingbutthetermsonwhichthetrialtookplace.OneoftheastonishingrevelationswashowlittleRebekahBrooksknewofwhatwentoninhernewsroom,howlittleshethoughttoaskandthefactthatsheneverinquiredhowthestoriesarrived.Thecoreofhersuccessfuldefencewasthatsheknewnothing.Intoday’sworld,ithasbecomenormalthatwell-paidexecutivesshouldnotbeaccountableforwhathappensintheorganisationsthattheyrun.Perhapsweshouldnotbesosurprised.Forageneration,thecollectivedoctrinehasbeenthatthesortingmechanismofsocietyshouldbeprofit.Thewordsthathavematteredareefficiency,flexibility,shareholdervalue,business-friendly,wealthgeneration,sales,impactand,innewspapers,circulation.Wordsdegradedtothemarginhavebeenjustice,fairness,tolerance,proportionalityandaccountability.ThepurposeofeditingtheNewsoftheWorldwasnottopromotereaderunderstanding,tobefairinwhatwaswrittenortobetrayanycommonItwastoruinlivesinthequestforcirculationandimpact.MsBrooksmayormaynothavehadsuspicionsabouthowherjournalistsgottheirstories,butsheaskednoquestions,gavenoinstructions—norreceivedtraceable,recordedanswers.Accordingtothefirsttwoparagraphs,Elisabethwasupsetby［A］theconsequencesofthecurrentsortingmechanism.［B］companies’financiallossduetoimmoralpractices.［C］governmentalineffectivenessonmoralissues.［D］thewidemisuseofintegrityamonginstitutions.ItcanbeinferredfromParagraph3that［A］GlennMulcairemaydenyphonehackingasacrime.［B］phonehackingwillbeacceptedoncertainoccasions.［C］AndyCoulsonshouldbeheldinnocentofthecharge.［D］morejournalistsmaybefoundguiltyofphonehacking.TheauthorbelievesthatRebekahBrooks’sdefence［A］revealedacunning［B］centeredontrivialissues.［C］washardlyconvincing. ［D］waspartofaTheauthorholdsthatthecurrentcollectivedoctrineshows［A］generallydistortedvalues. ［B］unfairwealthdistribution.［C］amarginalizedlifestyle. ［D］arigidmoralcode.Whichofthefollowingissuggestedinthelastparagraph?［A］Thequalityofwritingsisofprimaryimportance.［B］Moralawarenessmattersineditinganewspaper.［C］Commonhumanityiscentraltonewsreporting.［D］Journalistsneedstricterindustrialregulations.PartBDirections:Inthefollowingtext,somesentenceshavebeenremoved.ForQuestions41-45,choosethemostsuitableonefromthelistA-Gtofitintoeachofthenumberedblanks.Therearetwoextrachoices,whichdonotfitinanyoftheblanks.MarkyouranswersonANSWERSHEET.(10points)Howdoesyourreadingproceed?Clearlyyoutrytocomprehend,inthesenseofidentifyingmeaningsforindividualwordsandworkingoutrelationshipsbetweenthem,drawingonyourimplicitknowledgeofEnglish(41) begintoinferacontextforthetext,forinstance,bymakingdecisionsaboutwhatkindofspeecheventisinvolved:Whoismakingtheutterance,towhom,whenandwhere.Thewaysofreadingindicatedherearewithoutdoubtkindsofcomprehension.Buttheyshowcomprehensiontoconsistnotjustofpassiveassimilationbutofactiveengagementininferenceandproblem-solving.inferinformationyoufeelthewriterhasinvitedyoutograspbypresentingyouwithspecificevidenceandclues.(42) ConceivedinthiscomprehensionwillnotfollowexactlythesametrackforeachWhatisinquestionisnottheretrievalofanabsolute,fixedor“true”meaningthatcanbereadoffandcheckedfororsometimelessrelationofthetexttotheworld.(43) Suchbackgroundmaterialinevitablyreflectswhoweare.(44) Thisdoesn’t,however,makeinterpretationmerelyrelativeorevenpointless.Preciselybecausereadersfromdifferenthistoricalperiods,placesandsocialexperiencesproducedifferentbutoverlappingreadingsofthesamewordsonthepage—includingfortextsthatengagewithfundamentalhumanconcerns—debatesabouttextscanplayanimportantroleinsocialdiscussionofbeliefsandvalues.Howwereadagiventextalsodependstosomeextentonourparticularinterestinreadingit. Suchdimensionsofreadingsuggest—asothersintroducedlaterinthebookwillalsodo—thatwebringanimplicit(oftenunacknowledged)agendatoanyactofreading.Itdoesn’tthennecessarilyfollowthatonekindofreadingismoreadvancedormoreworthwhilethananother.differentkindsofreadinginformeachandactasusefulreferencepointsforandcounterbalancestoonetheymakeupthereadingcomponentofyouroverallorrelationshiptoyoursurroundingtextualenvironment.Arewestudyingthattextandtryingtorespondinawaythatfulfilstherequirementofagivencourse?Readingitsimplyforpleasure?Skimmingitforinformation?ofreadingonatrainorinbedarelikelytodifferconsiderablyfromreadinginaseminarroom.Factorssuchastheplaceandperiodinwhichwearereading,ourgender,ageandsocialclasswillencourageustowardscertaininterpretationsbutatthesametimeobscureorevencloseoffothers.Ifyouareunfamiliarwithwordsoridioms,youguessattheirmeaning,usingcluespresentedinthecontext.Ontheassumptionthattheywillbecomerelevantyoumakeamentalnoteofdiscourseentitiesaswellaspossiblelinksbetweenthem.Ineffect,youtrytoreconstructthelikelymeaningsoreffectsthatanygivensentence,imageorreferencemighthavehad:Thesemightbetheonestheauthorintended.makefurtherinferences,forinstance,abouthowthetextmaybesignificanttoyou,oraboutitsvalidity—inferencesthatformthebasisofapersonalresponseforwhichtheauthorwillinevitablybefarlessresponsible.Inplays,novelsandnarrativepoems,charactersspeakasconstructscreatedbytheauthor,notnecessarilyasmouthpiecesfortheauthor’sownthoughts.Rather,weascribemeaningstotextsonthebasisofinteractionbetweenwhatwemightcalltextualandcontextualmaterial:betweenkindsoforganizationorpatterningweperceiveinaformalstructures(soespeciallyitslanguagestructures)andvariouskindsofbackground,socialknowledge,beliefandattitudethatwebringtothetext.PartCDirections:ReadthefollowingtextcarefullyandthentranslatetheunderlinedsegmentsintoChinese.YourtranslationshouldbewrittenneatlyonANSWERSHEET.(10points)thespanofahundredyears,intheseventeenthandearlyeighteenthcenturies,atideofemigration—oneofthegreatfolkwanderingsofhistory—sweptfromEuropetoAmerica.(46)Thismovement,drivenbypowerfulanddiversemotivations,builtanationoutofawildernessand,byitsnature,shapedthecharacteranddestinyofanunchartedcontinent.(47)TheUnitedStatesistheproductoftwoprincipalforces—theimmigrationofEuropeanpeopleswiththeirvariedideas,customs,andnationalcharacteristicsandtheimpactofanewcountrywhichmodifiedthesetraits.OfcolonialAmericawasaprojectionofEurope.AcrosstheAtlanticcamesuccessivegroupsofEnglishmen,Frenchmen,Germans,Scots,Irishmen,Dutchmen,Swedes,andmanyotherswhoattemptedtotransplanttheirhabitsandtraditionstothenewworld.(48)ButtheforceofgeographicconditionspeculiartoAmerica,theinterplayofthevariednationalgroupsupononeanother,andthesheerdifficultyofmaintainingold-worldwaysinanewcontinentcausedsignificantchanges.Thesechangesweregradualandatfirstscarcelyvisible.Buttheresultwasanewsocialpatternwhich,althoughitresembledEuropeansocietyinmanyways,hadacharacterthatwasdistinctlyAmerican.(49)ThefirstshiploadsofimmigrantsboundfortheterritorywhichisnowtheUnitedStatescrossedtheAtlanticmorethanahundredyearsafterthe15th-and-16th-centuryexplorationsofNorthAmerica.Inthemeantime,thrivingSpanishcolonieshadbeenestablishedinMexico,theIndies,andSouthAmerica.ThesetravelerstoNorthAmericacameinsmall,unmercifullyovercrowdedcraft.Duringtheirsix-totwelve-weekvoyage,theysurvivedonbarelyenoughfoodallottedtothem.Manyoftheshipswerelostinstorms,manypassengersdiedofdisease,andinfantsrarelysurvivedtheSometimesstormsblewthevesselsfarofftheircourse,andoftencalmbroughtunbearablylongTotheanxioustravelersthesightoftheAmericanshorebroughtalmostinexpressiblerelief.Saidonerecorderofevents,"Theairattwelveleagues'distancesmeltassweetasanew-blowngarden."Thecolonists'firstglimpseofthenewlandwasasightofdensewoods.(50)Thevirginforestwithitsrichnessandvarietyoftreeswasarealtreasure-housewhichextendedfromMaineallthewaydowntoGeorgia.Herewasabundantfuelandlumber.Herewastherawmaterialofhousesandfurniture,shipsandpotash,dyesandnavalstores.SectionIII WritingPartADirections:aregoingtohostaclubreadingsession.anemailofabout100wordsrecommendingabooktotheclubmembers.Youshouldstatereasonsforyourrecommendation.YoushouldwriteneatlyontheANSWERSHEET.Donotsignyourownnameattheendoftheletter.Use“LiMing”instead.Donotwritetheaddress.(10points)PartBDirections:Writeanessayof160-200wordsbasedonthefollowingpicture.Inyouressay,youshoulddescribethepictureinterpretitsinten