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2025高考英语步步高大一轮复习讲义人教版知识清单1Unit3SeaExploration1.Arobotcreated(过去分词作定语)atStandfordUniversityisdivingdowntoshipwrecksinawaythathumanscan’tdo(that引导的定语从句修饰way).2.Whenanoperatorattheocean’ssurfaceusescontrolstodirectOceanOneK,therobot’stouch-basedfeedbacksystemcausesthepersontofeelthewater’sresistance(n.阻力;resistv.抵抗).3.TheideaforOceanOneKcamefromadesiretostudy(不定式作定语修饰adesire)coralreefsintheRedSeaatdepths(n.深度)beyondthenormalrange(n.范围)fordivers.4.Flotationsonthecommunicationsandpowerlinehadcollapsed(v.坍塌),causingthelinetopile(熟词生义:v.堆积)onthetopoftherobot.5.“Thisisthefirsttimethatarobothasbeencapableofgoingtosuchadepth,interactingwiththeenvironment,andpermittingthehumanoperatortofeelthatenvironment,”hesaid.It/This/Thatis/wasthe+first(second...)timethatsbhave/has/haddonesth.这是某人第几次做某事。6.About15yearsago,Eppleyworkedwithsouthernbamboolemurs,whichwereknowntospendmostoftheirdaysinthetrees,feedingon(以……为食)bambooleaves.7.Hewonderedwhether(whether引导宾语从句)habitatreductionandlimitedfoodresourceavailabilityweredriving(熟词生义:v.迫使)themtomovetotheground.8.Hefoundthattheyspentanaverageof(平均为……)only2.5%oftheirtimeonthegroundeachmonth.9.Besides,theywillbefacedwith(面临,面对)findingappropriatefoodresourcesontheground,thushavingabroad(adj.广泛的)orflexibledietisimportant.10.Thelossofprimateswouldleadto(导致)negativeeffectsontheecosystem.11.Buttherestaurantsoftenfindspecialwaystorespondintimesof(在……的时候)crisis,too.12.AndtheWilmington,NorthCarolinaChick-fil-A,ownedbyDonovanandNikkiCarless,wasquicktoservelocalsonSundayafterHurricaneFlorenceleft(熟词生义vt.让某人或某物处于某种状态)thousandsofpeoplehomeless.13.Withthisinmind,therestaurantownersaskedtheiremployeeswhowouldbewillingto(乐意做……)servefoodonSunday.14.Hercompanyiscurrentlyengagedin(正忙于,致力于)thedesign,manufacturingandsalesofbambooproducts.Unit4Sharing1.Argentiniansaren’tknown(adj.知名的)forhelpingstrangers,butyoungpeopleareleadingthewayintough(adj.艰难的)times.2.Therearethousandsofpeopleliving(现在分词在therebe句型中作定语,修饰people)onthestreetsacrossthecapital,and43%ofthecountry’spopulationlivesinpoverty.3.It’sareflectionoftheterribleeconomiccrisisandsky-highinflationthat’senveloping(v.裹住,笼罩)thecountry.4.Thesevolunteersmaynotbewelloff(adj.富有的,富裕的),buttheyofferwhatevertheycan(whatever引导宾语从句)tolifttheirneighborsup:ahand,ameal,orsimplysomeoftheirtime.5.“Todaytherearemorepeoplelivingonthestreets,morepeopleinneed(在困难中),morepeoplebeggingfor(祈求,乞讨)moneyorhelp,”saidEduardoDonza...6.Volunteeringcan’tsolvethesewiderissuesonitsown(独自地).7.Thatwillingnesstohelpmatters(熟词生义:v.至关重要).8.Devezawantedtodonateoneofherownkidneys—butshewasturneddown(拒绝)becauseshemightdevelopthesamehealthproblemsas(和……一样)hermotherinlaterlife.9.In2017,shestartedtheworld’sfirstpairedexchangeofdifferentorgansbetweenlivingdonors(n.器官捐献者),exchanginghalfherliverfor(用……换取……)someoneelse’skidney.exchangeAforB用A换取Bexchangesthwithsb和某人交换某物inexchangefor作为对……的交换exchangestudents交换生10.Acasestudyoftheorganexchangehasnowbeenpublished,andthesurgeonswhowereinvolvedarecallingfor(需要,需求)moreexchangeslikethis.11.Theydrewupaplan:Simmonswoulddonateakidneyto(把……捐献给……)Deveza’smother,andinreturn(作为回报),DevezawouldgivehalfherlivertoSimmons’sister.12.Theteamhopethattheground-breakingcasewillinspiremorepeopletoconsiderdoing(考虑做……)thesame.13.Schoolisimportantforchildrenandparentseverywhere,andtherearealotwhotaketheeducationofyouthveryseriously(takesb/sthseriously认真对待某人、某事).14.However,HeidiErickson,oneoftheresearchersinthestudy,stated(陈述,声明)thatthereisnoharmin(做……没有害处)takingstudentsoutoftheclassroom,evenformultipledaysthroughouttheyear,aslongas(意为“只要”,引导条件状语从句)theyarelearningandinanappropriate(合适的)space.15.Theprojectismeantto(旨在)containthegrowingSaharaDesertandfightclimatechange.16.Firstproposedin2005,theprojectaimsto(旨在)plantaforestfromSenegalontheAtlanticOceaninwesternAfricatoEritrea,EthiopiaandDjiboutiintheeast.aimtodo.../atdoing...旨在做……;力求达到……beaimedat(doing)sth瞄准;目的在于aimlessadj.漫无目的的aimlesslyadv.漫无目的地Unit5LaunchingYourCareer1.Atallhoursoftheday,white-apronedbakersoccupythemselvesin(忙于……)workingintheHotBreadKitchen,throwingflouracrossbutcherblocktables...2.ButHotBreadKitchenismorethan(不仅仅……)abakery.morethan=over超过;不仅仅;表示“非常”时其后常用形容词3.In2008,RodriguezlaunchedthebakeryinthesmallBrooklynapartmentshesharedwithroommates,hiringtwoimmigrant(n.移民,外侨;immigratev.迁徙)womenasherfirstbakers.4.Butforeverypersonwhoquestioned(熟词生义:v.怀疑,质疑)it,therewerefivepeoplewho(who引导定语从句,修饰people)wereinterestedinsupportingus.5.Thesewomen’sdiversehomelandsarereflectedin(反映,映出)manyofthebakery’sproducts,likeheritagetortillasandthewildlypopularm’smen,abutterybread.reflectvt.&vi.反射(光、热、声等);反思;回想;仔细考虑reflecton/upon认真思考6.FromthetimeIwasayounggirl,allIwanted(省略that的定语从句)wastoplayoutside(不定式作表语).7.IusedthefernsinmychildhoodbackyardtoraisemyselfupmuddyPacificNorthwestslopes,satbytheedgeoftheproperty’swoodedstream(n.小河,小溪;其他意思:v.流动,涌动)andimagineditwasawinding(adj.曲折的,蜿蜒的)river.8.ThoughmytravelshavetakenmefromAntarcticatotheArctic,it’sthetemperatein-betweenthatcaptivatesme(强调句).9.It’s(it作形式主语代替不定式)allworthit(值得的)torollintothesaltyPacificOcean,turnonmycamerasasIsinktotheseafloor,andshinemylightsonearlyspringintheInianIslands.worth常用的结构:be(well)worthdoingsth(很)值得做某事10.Earlyon,Webb-McRaewasinterestedinfamilylaw,sosheclerked(熟词生义,此处为动词,意为“当职员、文书、书记员”)forajudgeinvolvedinthatfield.11.Duringthattime,shefoundshehadapassionfor(对……充满热情)criminallawanddecidedtoworkforthat.12.Herresponsibilitiesarecomplexandshesaysshehasaroletoplayin(playarolein在……中发挥作用)thissystem.13.Ourjusticesystemcertainlyisnotperfect,butI’mpassionateabout(对……充满激情)doingmylittlepart(尽我的绵薄之力)tomakeitbetter.Ibelieveinactionandmovingtheballforward.14.Thisuniqueculture,composedof(由……组成)knowledge,skillsandpracticesconcerningmanagementofteaplantations,pickingoftealeaves,andtheprocessing,drinkingandsharingoftea,isthe43thentryfromChinaonthelist,whosetotaltops(熟词生义:v.排名领先)allothercountries.表示“由……组成”的短语:consistof,becomposedof,bemadeupof,becomprisedof15.Theteathathasappealedto(吸引)theworldforthousandsofyearsfinallyreceivedtop-levelglobalrecognitionasasharedculturaltreasureofmankind.16.InChina,itisreportedthat(据报道……)over40vocationalcollegesand80universitieshavesetupmajors(n.专业)inteascienceorteaculture,withover3,000graduatesspecializinginteaproductionandarteveryyear(with复合结构作状语).选择性必修第一册Unit1PeopleofAchievement1.Theirideasaretransforming(vt.改变)communitiesandsociety.2.Thesystemaimsto(旨在)reducewastewhilealsoimproving(while引导的状语从句的省略)foodsafety.3.As(此处意为“随着……”,引导时间状语从句)technologyadvances,thesensorsitusesarereducinginsizeandprice,andcouldsoonbeintegratedinto(成为一体,融入)everydaydevices.4.OanaisthefounderandgeneralmanagerofSocialInnovationSolutions,which(引导非限制性定语从句)offerstrainingandconsultancyinsocialinnovation(n.创新).5.She’salsoontheBoardofDirectorsofTheEntrepreneurshipAcademy,where(引导非限制性定语从句)studentsworkinteams,learningaboutbusinessbyrunning(v.熟词生义,此处意为“经营,管理”)realbusinessesundertheguidanceofateamcoach(n.教练).6.Medina’smostrecentbook,MerciSuárezPlaysItCool,waspublishedinAugust2022,concluding(v.熟词生义,此处意为“结束,完成”)hermiddle-schooltrilogy(三部曲).7.Theambassadorprogramismainlysponsored(v.赞助)bytheLibraryofCongress.8.ClaySmith,directoroflibraryinitiatives(n.倡议;新方案)fortheLibraryofCongress,saysambassadors(n.大使)havetobeabletospeaktoothersaboutreadingandwritingandtocommunicatewithchildreninparticular.9.Newcitizen-science-basedresearchthrowsalarminglighton(阐明)theproblemof“skyglow”—thediffuseillumination(漫射照明)ofthenightskythatisaformoflightpollution.10.Lightpollutionhasharmfuleffectson(对……产生有害的影响)thepracticeofastronomybutalsoonhumanhealthandwildlife,since(引导原因状语从句)itdisturbsthecyclefromsunlighttostarlightthatbiologicalsystemshaveevolvedalongside.11.Buthumaneyesaremoresensitiveto(对……敏感)theseshorterwavelengthsatnighttime.12.Butthesesourcesaresignificantcontributorstoskyglowasseenfromtheground(状语从句的省略).13.TheGlobeatNightdatasetisnecessaryinourongoingevaluationofchangesinskyglow,andweencouragewhoever(引导宾语从句)cantogetinvolved(参与)tohelpprotectthestarrynightsky.14.Themoderneraisarguablythegreatesttimeinthehistoryoftheworldforinnovation,butnoneofitwouldhavehappened(虚拟语气)withouttheinventionofelectricitysuppliedondemand.15.Withthatoneadvancement,incame(方位副词放句首,引起全部倒装)thefastest-changingperiodinhumanhistoryandthegreatestpopulationgrowth,too.16.Peopleeatbetter,andmoresafely,becauseofinnovationswenowtakeforgranted(认为……理所当然)liketherefrigerator,theovenandrunningtapwater.17.Evenentertainmenthaschangedbecausenolongerdo(否定副词放句首,引起部分倒装)peoplehavetomaketheirownfunbyplayinggames.18.How(引导主语从句)peoplecommunicate,work,eat,travel,shopisallsubjectto(受制于,易受影响)innovationandinvention.Unit2LookingintotheFuture1.While(意为“尽管”,引导让步状语从句)datashowsthatworkerswhofailtoupdatetheirskillswillbeabletofindfewerjobs,peopleinhybridjobsarelesslikelytobecomeoutofdate(过时的),withonly12%possibilityofbeingreplacedbymachine,comparedwith42%forgeneraljobs,saysBurningGlass.2.Carspowered(过去分词作后置定语,修饰Cars)bybatteriesmadefrom(过去分词作后置定语,修饰batteries)seawaterandplanesfueled(过去分词作后置定语,修饰planes)byammonia(氨)willbecomecommonoverthenext10years,BillDavid,aprofessorofmaterialschemistryhaspredicted(v.预言,预计).3.Mostbatteriesforelectriccarsandsmartphonesarepoweredbylithium(锂),whichhastobemined(此处为动词,意为“开采……”),butDavidthinksthattheywillbeovertaken(v.超过,赶上)bybatteriesmadefromsodium(钠),whichcanbeobtained(v.得到,获得)fromseawaterandsalt.4.Myestimate(n.估计)isthatby2040Iwouldnotbesurprisedifthereweretentimesmoresodiumbatteriesthanlithiumones,maybeeven100times.(if引导的虚拟条件句)5.Ifinallygotthedoorsopenandstartedtoempty(此处为动词,意为“清空”)theshelves.6.Ipickedup(捡起)thepottogetridof(除掉,丢弃)it,butsomethingmademehesitate.7.Ichangedmymind(改变主意)andsetitaside.8.Iproudlyshoweditoff(炫耀)tomygranddaughters.9.AiKanxiangisaboutto(正要)finishhisfirstsemester(学期)atcollege,whereheisworkinghardtomakehisdreamcometrue(make的复合结构).10.Asaphysicaleducationmajor,hehopestobecomeaPEteacherandtrain(熟词生义,此处意为“培训”)China’sfuturesoccerplayers.11.Twoyearsago,though(此处为副词,意为“不过,可是,然而”),hisdreamwasevenbigger.12.Aiwantedtojointhemen’snationalsoccerteam,butthe20-year-oldhasexperiencedtwistsandturns(曲折变化)onthesoccerfield.13.Demonstrating(v.示范,演示)creativity,suchasthewaytodoaprecise(adj.精确的,准确的)bicyclekickinthewater,hebecameanonlinecelebrity(名人),withsomefansevensaying(with的复合结构:with+宾语+宾补)thathewas“betterthanprofessionalplayers”.Unit3FascinatingParks1.Covering(熟词生义,此处意为“占地……”)1.2millionhectares,FiordlandNationalParkishometogreenrainforests,crystalclearlakesandsnow-capped(adj.顶部被雪覆盖的)mountains.2.Evenonthefrequentrainydays,thesceneryisspectacular,withentirevalleywallsturningintothunderingwaterfalls(with的复合结构:with+宾语+宾补).3.InhisnewbookTheJourneysofTrees,sciencewriterZachSt.Georgeexploresanextremelyslowmigration(迁徙),asforestsmoveinchbyinch(逐渐地,逐步地)tomorehospitable(adj.环境适宜的)places.4.Theymovebackandforth(来来回回;往返地)acrosscontinents,likemigratingbirdsorwhales.5.Thishashappenedoverthousandsofyears,andclimatechangetends(往往会)tobethedrivingforce(驱动力)—pushingandpullingforestsaroundtheglobe.6.Ofcourse,today,climatechangeisspeedingup,andtreescan’tkeeppace(并驾齐驱;齐步并进).7.Thenewinvention,asensorthatallowsconcrete(熟词生义,此处意为“混凝土”)to“talk”,decreasesconstructiontimeandhowoftenconcretepavement(路面)needsrepairswhilealsoimprovingtheroad’ssustainability(n.可持续性)andcuttingitscarbonfootprint(碳足迹).8.Fixeddirectlyintoaconcretepour(混凝土浇筑),thesensorsendsengineersmoreprecise(adj.精确的)andconsistent(adj.一致的)dataabouttheconcrete’sstrengthandneedforrepairsthanispossiblewithcurrentlyusedtoolsandmethods.9.Thestrongerthepavementisbeforebeingusedbyvehicles,thelessoftenitwillneedtoberepaired.(“the+比较级...,the+比较级...”结构,意为“越……越……”)10.Youmaywanttomakeanoutlineoruseadesigntooltovisualize(v.想象,使形象化。后缀-ize或-ise加在名词或形容词后,使其变为动词,意为“使……化或变为……”,例如:popularizev.使通俗化;publicizev.宣传,公布)yourideas.11.Evenifyouonlyhaveasmallgarden,youcanstillconsidergrowingavarietyof(各种各样的)fruits,vegetables,orherbs,whichcanbegrownincontainersorplantingbeds.Unit4BodyLanguage1.Maryhasstruggledtofindtherightwordstoconvey(v.表达)herthoughtsandfeelingseversinceshewasachild.2.Mary’smindwasconstantlyracing(熟词生义,此处意为“快速移动,快速运转”)withideasandobservations,butnomatterhow(引导让步状语从句)hardshetried,shejustcouldn’tseemtogetthewordsout.3.Thewordsstartedflowing(话开始滔滔不绝),andMaryfoundherselfwriting(find的复合结构:find+宾语+宾补)withanewfoundsenseofclarityandpurpose.4.Thisfall,studentsattheUniversityofMassachusettsfoundanewmenu(菜单)attheirdiningcommons(熟词生义,此处意为“校园公共食堂”):the“dietforacoolerplanet”menu.5.Increasingly,Americanconsumersandinstitutionsarethinkingabouthowtheirfoodchoicesfactorinto(将……考虑进去)climatechange.6.Formany,smallchoicesatthegrocerystore,dininghall,andrestaurantcanfeelmoreaccessible(adj.可到达的,可进入的)thanbig-ticketoptions(大件的选择)likebuyingafuel-efficient(adj.节能高效的)carorinstalling(v.安装)homesolarpanels(太阳能电池板).7.Smallchangesindietaryhabitsmaymakeabigdifference(产生重大影响).8.“Peoplearebeginningtounderstandthattheirfoodchoiceshaveabigimpacton(对……产生重大影响)climate,”saysMeganLarmer,directorofregional(adj.地区的)foodattheGlynwoodCenterforRegionalFoodandFarminginNewYork.9.Afterexaminationitwasconfirmed(v.确定,确认;证实)thatOliverwasborndeaf.10.Facingsuchablow(熟词生义,此处意为“猛击,一击”),MasonandRebeccaneverfeltdiscouraged.11.RebeccaandMasontoldhertheirsonwasdesperatefor(渴望得到……)friendshipinside.12.Oliverenteredhisclassroomandfounditdecorated(find的复合结构:find+宾语+宾补)withballoons.13.Ihavealwaysbeenalanguageenthusiast(n.热衷者,爱好者),especiallyofthelanguagesmoredistantfrommymothertongue(母语,tongue此处为熟词生义,意为“语言”)(Spanish).14.Thinkingofalltheinvestedtime,Ideterminedto(下决心做……)finishmydegree.15.Ayearlater,Iheadedto(朝着……前进)YunnanNormalUniversitytopursueanotherMaster’sDegreeinteachingChinesetoforeigners.16.WhenIlookbackto(回顾)mypas
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