2025高考英语步步高大一轮复习讲义人教版知识清单1选择性必修第四册　Unit 3　Sea Exploration

2025高考英语步步高大一轮复习讲义人教版知识清单1Unit3SeaExploration1．Arobotcreated(过去分词作定语)atStandfordUniversityisdivingdowntoshipwrecksinawaythathumanscan’tdo(that引导的定语从句修饰way)．2．Whenanoperatorattheocean’ssurfaceusescontrolstodirectOceanOneK，therobot’stouch-basedfeedbacksystemcausesthepersontofeelthewater’sresistance(n.阻力；resistv．抵抗)．3．TheideaforOceanOneKcamefromadesiretostudy(不定式作定语修饰adesire)coralreefsintheRedSeaatdepths(n.深度)beyondthenormalrange(n.范围)fordivers.4．Flotationsonthecommunicationsandpowerlinehadcollapsed(v.坍塌)，causingthelinetopile(熟词生义：v.堆积)onthetopoftherobot.5．“Thisisthefirsttimethatarobothasbeencapableofgoingtosuchadepth，interactingwiththeenvironment，andpermittingthehumanoperatortofeelthatenvironment，”hesaid.It/This/Thatis/wasthe＋first(second...)timethatsbhave/has/haddonesth.这是某人第几次做某事。6．About15yearsago，Eppleyworkedwithsouthernbamboolemurs，whichwereknowntospendmostoftheirdaysinthetrees，feedingon(以……为食)bambooleaves.7．Hewonderedwhether(whether引导宾语从句)habitatreductionandlimitedfoodresourceavailabilityweredriving(熟词生义：v.迫使)themtomovetotheground.8．Hefoundthattheyspentanaverageof(平均为……)only2.5%oftheirtimeonthegroundeachmonth.9．Besides，theywillbefacedwith(面临，面对)findingappropriatefoodresourcesontheground，thushavingabroad(adj.广泛的)orflexibledietisimportant.10．Thelossofprimateswouldleadto(导致)negativeeffectsontheecosystem.11．Buttherestaurantsoftenfindspecialwaystorespondintimesof(在……的时候)crisis，too.12．AndtheWilmington，NorthCarolinaChick-fil-A，ownedbyDonovanandNikkiCarless，wasquicktoservelocalsonSundayafterHurricaneFlorenceleft(熟词生义vt.让某人或某物处于某种状态)thousandsofpeoplehomeless.13．Withthisinmind，therestaurantownersaskedtheiremployeeswhowouldbewillingto(乐意做……)servefoodonSunday.14．Hercompanyiscurrentlyengagedin(正忙于，致力于)thedesign，manufacturingandsalesofbambooproducts.Unit4Sharing1．Argentiniansaren’tknown(adj.知名的)forhelpingstrangers，butyoungpeopleareleadingthewayintough(adj.艰难的)times.2．Therearethousandsofpeopleliving(现在分词在therebe句型中作定语，修饰people)onthestreetsacrossthecapital，and43%ofthecountry’spopulationlivesinpoverty.3．It’sareflectionoftheterribleeconomiccrisisandsky-highinflationthat’senveloping(v.裹住，笼罩)thecountry.4．Thesevolunteersmaynotbewelloff(adj.富有的，富裕的)，buttheyofferwhatevertheycan(whatever引导宾语从句)tolifttheirneighborsup：ahand，ameal，orsimplysomeoftheirtime.5．“Todaytherearemorepeoplelivingonthestreets，morepeopleinneed(在困难中)，morepeoplebeggingfor(祈求，乞讨)moneyorhelp，”saidEduardoDonza...6．Volunteeringcan’tsolvethesewiderissuesonitsown(独自地)．7．Thatwillingnesstohelpmatters(熟词生义：v.至关重要)．8．Devezawantedtodonateoneofherownkidneys—butshewasturneddown(拒绝)becauseshemightdevelopthesamehealthproblemsas(和……一样)hermotherinlaterlife.9．In2017，shestartedtheworld’sfirstpairedexchangeofdifferentorgansbetweenlivingdonors(n.器官捐献者)，exchanginghalfherliverfor(用……换取……)someoneelse’skidney.exchangeAforB用A换取Bexchangesthwithsb和某人交换某物inexchangefor作为对……的交换exchangestudents交换生10．Acasestudyoftheorganexchangehasnowbeenpublished，andthesurgeonswhowereinvolvedarecallingfor(需要，需求)moreexchangeslikethis.11．Theydrewupaplan：Simmonswoulddonateakidneyto(把……捐献给……)Deveza’smother，andinreturn(作为回报)，DevezawouldgivehalfherlivertoSimmons’sister.12．Theteamhopethattheground-breakingcasewillinspiremorepeopletoconsiderdoing(考虑做……)thesame.13．Schoolisimportantforchildrenandparentseverywhere，andtherearealotwhotaketheeducationofyouthveryseriously(takesb/sthseriously认真对待某人、某事)．14．However，HeidiErickson，oneoftheresearchersinthestudy，stated(陈述，声明)thatthereisnoharmin(做……没有害处)takingstudentsoutoftheclassroom，evenformultipledaysthroughouttheyear，aslongas(意为“只要”，引导条件状语从句)theyarelearningandinanappropriate(合适的)space.15．Theprojectismeantto(旨在)containthegrowingSaharaDesertandfightclimatechange.16．Firstproposedin2005，theprojectaimsto(旨在)plantaforestfromSenegalontheAtlanticOceaninwesternAfricatoEritrea，EthiopiaandDjiboutiintheeast.aimtodo.../atdoing...旨在做……；力求达到……beaimedat(doing)sth瞄准；目的在于aimlessadj.漫无目的的aimlesslyadv.漫无目的地Unit5LaunchingYourCareer1．Atallhoursoftheday，white-apronedbakersoccupythemselvesin(忙于……)workingintheHotBreadKitchen，throwingflouracrossbutcherblocktables...2．ButHotBreadKitchenismorethan(不仅仅……)abakery.morethan＝over超过；不仅仅；表示“非常”时其后常用形容词3．In2008，RodriguezlaunchedthebakeryinthesmallBrooklynapartmentshesharedwithroommates，hiringtwoimmigrant(n.移民，外侨；immigratev．迁徙)womenasherfirstbakers.4．Butforeverypersonwhoquestioned(熟词生义：v.怀疑，质疑)it，therewerefivepeoplewho(who引导定语从句，修饰people)wereinterestedinsupportingus.5．Thesewomen’sdiversehomelandsarereflectedin(反映，映出)manyofthebakery’sproducts，likeheritagetortillasandthewildlypopularm’smen，abutterybread.reflectvt.&vi.反射(光、热、声等)；反思；回想；仔细考虑reflecton/upon认真思考6．FromthetimeIwasayounggirl，allIwanted(省略that的定语从句)wastoplayoutside(不定式作表语)．7．IusedthefernsinmychildhoodbackyardtoraisemyselfupmuddyPacificNorthwestslopes，satbytheedgeoftheproperty’swoodedstream(n.小河，小溪；其他意思：v.流动，涌动)andimagineditwasawinding(adj.曲折的，蜿蜒的)river.8．ThoughmytravelshavetakenmefromAntarcticatotheArctic，it’sthetemperatein-betweenthatcaptivatesme(强调句)．9．It’s(it作形式主语代替不定式)allworthit(值得的)torollintothesaltyPacificOcean，turnonmycamerasasIsinktotheseafloor，andshinemylightsonearlyspringintheInianIslands.worth常用的结构：be(well)worthdoingsth(很)值得做某事10．Earlyon，Webb-McRaewasinterestedinfamilylaw，sosheclerked(熟词生义，此处为动词，意为“当职员、文书、书记员”)forajudgeinvolvedinthatfield.11．Duringthattime，shefoundshehadapassionfor(对……充满热情)criminallawanddecidedtoworkforthat.12．Herresponsibilitiesarecomplexandshesaysshehasaroletoplayin(playarolein在……中发挥作用)thissystem.13．Ourjusticesystemcertainlyisnotperfect，butI’mpassionateabout(对……充满激情)doingmylittlepart(尽我的绵薄之力)tomakeitbetter.Ibelieveinactionandmovingtheballforward.14．Thisuniqueculture，composedof(由……组成)knowledge，skillsandpracticesconcerningmanagementofteaplantations，pickingoftealeaves，andtheprocessing，drinkingandsharingoftea，isthe43thentryfromChinaonthelist，whosetotaltops(熟词生义：v.排名领先)allothercountries.表示“由……组成”的短语：consistof，becomposedof，bemadeupof，becomprisedof15．Theteathathasappealedto(吸引)theworldforthousandsofyearsfinallyreceivedtop-levelglobalrecognitionasasharedculturaltreasureofmankind.16．InChina，itisreportedthat(据报道……)over40vocationalcollegesand80universitieshavesetupmajors(n.专业)inteascienceorteaculture，withover3,000graduatesspecializinginteaproductionandarteveryyear(with复合结构作状语)．选择性必修第一册Unit1PeopleofAchievement1．Theirideasaretransforming(vt.改变)communitiesandsociety.2．Thesystemaimsto(旨在)reducewastewhilealsoimproving(while引导的状语从句的省略)foodsafety.3．As(此处意为“随着……”，引导时间状语从句)technologyadvances，thesensorsitusesarereducinginsizeandprice，andcouldsoonbeintegratedinto(成为一体，融入)everydaydevices.4．OanaisthefounderandgeneralmanagerofSocialInnovationSolutions，which(引导非限制性定语从句)offerstrainingandconsultancyinsocialinnovation(n.创新)．5．She’salsoontheBoardofDirectorsofTheEntrepreneurshipAcademy，where(引导非限制性定语从句)studentsworkinteams，learningaboutbusinessbyrunning(v.熟词生义，此处意为“经营，管理”)realbusinessesundertheguidanceofateamcoach(n.教练)．6．Medina’smostrecentbook，MerciSuárezPlaysItCool，waspublishedinAugust2022，concluding(v.熟词生义，此处意为“结束，完成”)hermiddle-schooltrilogy(三部曲)．7．Theambassadorprogramismainlysponsored(v.赞助)bytheLibraryofCongress.8．ClaySmith，directoroflibraryinitiatives(n.倡议；新方案)fortheLibraryofCongress，saysambassadors(n.大使)havetobeabletospeaktoothersaboutreadingandwritingandtocommunicatewithchildreninparticular.9．Newcitizen-science-basedresearchthrowsalarminglighton(阐明)theproblemof“skyglow”—thediffuseillumination(漫射照明)ofthenightskythatisaformoflightpollution.10．Lightpollutionhasharmfuleffectson(对……产生有害的影响)thepracticeofastronomybutalsoonhumanhealthandwildlife，since(引导原因状语从句)itdisturbsthecyclefromsunlighttostarlightthatbiologicalsystemshaveevolvedalongside.11．Buthumaneyesaremoresensitiveto(对……敏感)theseshorterwavelengthsatnighttime.12．Butthesesourcesaresignificantcontributorstoskyglowasseenfromtheground(状语从句的省略)．13．TheGlobeatNightdatasetisnecessaryinourongoingevaluationofchangesinskyglow，andweencouragewhoever(引导宾语从句)cantogetinvolved(参与)tohelpprotectthestarrynightsky.14．Themoderneraisarguablythegreatesttimeinthehistoryoftheworldforinnovation，butnoneofitwouldhavehappened(虚拟语气)withouttheinventionofelectricitysuppliedondemand.15．Withthatoneadvancement，incame(方位副词放句首，引起全部倒装)thefastest-changingperiodinhumanhistoryandthegreatestpopulationgrowth，too.16．Peopleeatbetter，andmoresafely，becauseofinnovationswenowtakeforgranted(认为……理所当然)liketherefrigerator，theovenandrunningtapwater.17．Evenentertainmenthaschangedbecausenolongerdo(否定副词放句首，引起部分倒装)peoplehavetomaketheirownfunbyplayinggames.18．How(引导主语从句)peoplecommunicate，work，eat，travel，shopisallsubjectto(受制于，易受影响)innovationandinvention.Unit2LookingintotheFuture1．While(意为“尽管”，引导让步状语从句)datashowsthatworkerswhofailtoupdatetheirskillswillbeabletofindfewerjobs，peopleinhybridjobsarelesslikelytobecomeoutofdate(过时的)，withonly12%possibilityofbeingreplacedbymachine，comparedwith42%forgeneraljobs，saysBurningGlass.2．Carspowered(过去分词作后置定语，修饰Cars)bybatteriesmadefrom(过去分词作后置定语，修饰batteries)seawaterandplanesfueled(过去分词作后置定语，修饰planes)byammonia(氨)willbecomecommonoverthenext10years，BillDavid，aprofessorofmaterialschemistryhaspredicted(v.预言，预计)．3．Mostbatteriesforelectriccarsandsmartphonesarepoweredbylithium(锂)，whichhastobemined(此处为动词，意为“开采……”)，butDavidthinksthattheywillbeovertaken(v.超过，赶上)bybatteriesmadefromsodium(钠)，whichcanbeobtained(v.得到，获得)fromseawaterandsalt.4．Myestimate(n.估计)isthatby2040Iwouldnotbesurprisedifthereweretentimesmoresodiumbatteriesthanlithiumones，maybeeven100times.(if引导的虚拟条件句)5．Ifinallygotthedoorsopenandstartedtoempty(此处为动词，意为“清空”)theshelves.6．Ipickedup(捡起)thepottogetridof(除掉，丢弃)it，butsomethingmademehesitate.7．Ichangedmymind(改变主意)andsetitaside.8．Iproudlyshoweditoff(炫耀)tomygranddaughters.9．AiKanxiangisaboutto(正要)finishhisfirstsemester(学期)atcollege，whereheisworkinghardtomakehisdreamcometrue(make的复合结构)．10．Asaphysicaleducationmajor，hehopestobecomeaPEteacherandtrain(熟词生义，此处意为“培训”)China’sfuturesoccerplayers.11．Twoyearsago，though(此处为副词，意为“不过，可是，然而”)，hisdreamwasevenbigger.12．Aiwantedtojointhemen’snationalsoccerteam，butthe20-year-oldhasexperiencedtwistsandturns(曲折变化)onthesoccerfield.13．Demonstrating(v.示范，演示)creativity，suchasthewaytodoaprecise(adj.精确的，准确的)bicyclekickinthewater，hebecameanonlinecelebrity(名人)，withsomefansevensaying(with的复合结构：with＋宾语＋宾补)thathewas“betterthanprofessionalplayers”．Unit3FascinatingParks1．Covering(熟词生义，此处意为“占地……”)1.2millionhectares，FiordlandNationalParkishometogreenrainforests，crystalclearlakesandsnow-capped(adj.顶部被雪覆盖的)mountains.2．Evenonthefrequentrainydays，thesceneryisspectacular，withentirevalleywallsturningintothunderingwaterfalls(with的复合结构：with＋宾语＋宾补)．3．InhisnewbookTheJourneysofTrees，sciencewriterZachSt.Georgeexploresanextremelyslowmigration(迁徙)，asforestsmoveinchbyinch(逐渐地，逐步地)tomorehospitable(adj.环境适宜的)places.4．Theymovebackandforth(来来回回；往返地)acrosscontinents，likemigratingbirdsorwhales.5．Thishashappenedoverthousandsofyears，andclimatechangetends(往往会)tobethedrivingforce(驱动力)—pushingandpullingforestsaroundtheglobe.6．Ofcourse，today，climatechangeisspeedingup，andtreescan’tkeeppace(并驾齐驱；齐步并进)．7．Thenewinvention，asensorthatallowsconcrete(熟词生义，此处意为“混凝土”)to“talk”，decreasesconstructiontimeandhowoftenconcretepavement(路面)needsrepairswhilealsoimprovingtheroad’ssustainability(n.可持续性)andcuttingitscarbonfootprint(碳足迹)．8．Fixeddirectlyintoaconcretepour(混凝土浇筑)，thesensorsendsengineersmoreprecise(adj.精确的)andconsistent(adj.一致的)dataabouttheconcrete’sstrengthandneedforrepairsthanispossiblewithcurrentlyusedtoolsandmethods.9．Thestrongerthepavementisbeforebeingusedbyvehicles，thelessoftenitwillneedtoberepaired.(“the＋比较级．..，the＋比较级．..”结构，意为“越……越……”)10．Youmaywanttomakeanoutlineoruseadesigntooltovisualize(v.想象，使形象化。后缀-ize或-ise加在名词或形容词后，使其变为动词，意为“使……化或变为……”，例如：popularizev．使通俗化；publicizev．宣传，公布)yourideas.11．Evenifyouonlyhaveasmallgarden，youcanstillconsidergrowingavarietyof(各种各样的)fruits，vegetables，orherbs，whichcanbegrownincontainersorplantingbeds.Unit4BodyLanguage1．Maryhasstruggledtofindtherightwordstoconvey(v.表达)herthoughtsandfeelingseversinceshewasachild.2．Mary’smindwasconstantlyracing(熟词生义，此处意为“快速移动，快速运转”)withideasandobservations，butnomatterhow(引导让步状语从句)hardshetried，shejustcouldn’tseemtogetthewordsout.3．Thewordsstartedflowing(话开始滔滔不绝)，andMaryfoundherselfwriting(find的复合结构：find＋宾语＋宾补)withanewfoundsenseofclarityandpurpose.4．Thisfall，studentsattheUniversityofMassachusettsfoundanewmenu(菜单)attheirdiningcommons(熟词生义，此处意为“校园公共食堂”)：the“dietforacoolerplanet”menu.5．Increasingly，Americanconsumersandinstitutionsarethinkingabouthowtheirfoodchoicesfactorinto(将……考虑进去)climatechange.6．Formany，smallchoicesatthegrocerystore，dininghall，andrestaurantcanfeelmoreaccessible(adj.可到达的，可进入的)thanbig-ticketoptions(大件的选择)likebuyingafuel-efficient(adj.节能高效的)carorinstalling(v.安装)homesolarpanels(太阳能电池板)．7．Smallchangesindietaryhabitsmaymakeabigdifference(产生重大影响)．8．“Peoplearebeginningtounderstandthattheirfoodchoiceshaveabigimpacton(对……产生重大影响)climate，”saysMeganLarmer，directorofregional(adj.地区的)foodattheGlynwoodCenterforRegionalFoodandFarminginNewYork.9．Afterexaminationitwasconfirmed(v.确定，确认；证实)thatOliverwasborndeaf.10．Facingsuchablow(熟词生义，此处意为“猛击，一击”)，MasonandRebeccaneverfeltdiscouraged.11．RebeccaandMasontoldhertheirsonwasdesperatefor(渴望得到……)friendshipinside.12．Oliverenteredhisclassroomandfounditdecorated(find的复合结构：find＋宾语＋宾补)withballoons.13．Ihavealwaysbeenalanguageenthusiast(n.热衷者，爱好者)，especiallyofthelanguagesmoredistantfrommymothertongue(母语，tongue此处为熟词生义，意为“语言”)(Spanish)．14．Thinkingofalltheinvestedtime，Ideterminedto(下决心做……)finishmydegree.15．Ayearlater，Iheadedto(朝着……前进)YunnanNormalUniversitytopursueanotherMaster’sDegreeinteachingChinesetoforeigners.16．WhenIlookbackto(回顾)mypas