职称英语-综合类-完型填空

2011年职称英语一综合类一完型填空

综合类…B级

SportorSpectacle?

MuhammadAliisprobablythemostfamoussportsfigureonearth:he

isrecognizedoneverycontinentandbyallgenerations.Thediagnosisof

hisillness_1_Parkinson'sdiseaseafterhisretirementfuelledthedebate

aboutthedangersofboxingandcriticism_2_thesport.That,plushis

outspokenopposition_3_women'sboxing,madepeoplewonderhow

hewouldreactwhenoneofhisdaughtersdecidedtotake_4_thesport.

HispresenceatLaila'sfirstprofessionalfight,_5—,seemedtobroadcast

herfather,ssupport.OfcourseMuhammadAliwantedtowatchis

daughterfight.Theringannouncerintroducedhimasthe“thegreatesf5

andashesatdownattheringsidethecrowdchanted.

Twenty-one-year-oldLaila'sdebutfightwasahugesuccessandthere

wasasmuchpublicityforfight_6_herfather'sfightsonceattracted.

_7一,Laila'sopponentwasmuchweakerthanshewasandthefight

lastedjust31seconds.Sincethen,Lailahaswonmostofherfightsby

knockingoutheropponent.<4Sheknows_8_she'sdoing,allright,“said

onerefereeabouther."Sheknowsaboutmovingwell.Youcanseesome

ofherdad'smoves.”

LailaAliwouldrathernotcompareherself_9_herfather.Sheprefers

tomakeherown_10—.Herfathersupportsherdecisiontoenterthe

sportbuthehasnotsparedherthedetailsofwhatcanhappen.Laila

realizesthatherfatherwantshertounderstandthe_11_possible

scenariotosee_12_shestillwantstogoforwardwithit.Sheknows

she'sgoingtogethithardattimes,thatshemaygetabrokennoseora

swollenface,butatleastsheispreparedforit.

Laila'sdecisiontostartboxing_13_herfather'sstrugglewiththe

symptomsofParkinson'sdiseasehasofcoursesparkedamixtureof

debateand_14—.ButLailaisafeistyanddeterminedindividualanditis

thatasmuchasherfamouslastnamethathasmadeheramagnetfor

worldwidemediaattention.Ofcourse,the_15_ontheboxingsceneofa

womanwithherfamilyhistoryattractsevenmorequestionsabout

whetherwomen'sboxingissportorspectacle.

1.AwithBforCasDby

2.AofBonCforDat

3.AonBtoCwithDat

4.AafterBoverCalongDup

5.AthereforeBhoweverCaccordinglyDwhereas

6.AasBlikeCforDto

7.ALuckilyBSimilarlyCUndoubtedlyDUnfortunately

8.AthatBwhatChowDwhy

9.AasBlikeCtoDagainst

10.AfightBnameCsuccessDimage

11.AbetterBbestCworseDworst

12.AifBthatCwhatDhow

13.AinspiteBspiteCdespiteDdespiteof

14.AargumentBcriticismCquarrelDbickering

15.AarrivalBbirthCdepartureDattention

CABDB〔ADBCB〔DACBA

竞技还是表演？

MuhammadAli极有可能是世界上最负盛名的体坛人物：全世界不分老少都熟知拳王Ali。

退役后，Ali被诊断患有帕金森综合症，这激起了社会上对拳击运动危险性的争论和诟病。

另外，由于Ali曾坦白反对女性拳击运动，所以当他的一个女儿一Laila决定跨入拳坛时，

人们十分好奇Ali对此会作何回应。然而，在Laila首场职业争霸赛上，Ali的露面似乎高调宣

布了他对女儿的支持。父亲当然会想看自己女儿的比赛。介绍时，入场播报员称Ali为“最

伟大的拳击手”，当他在台边坐下时全场欢呼。

21岁的Laila在她的首场比赛中取得了巨大成功，如她父亲当年一样，被受媒体关注。可

惜对手实在太弱，仅31秒比赛就结束了。此后，在大多数比赛中，Laila都是一拳取胜。一

个裁判在谈及Laila时说：“她完全知道她在做什么，她深谙步法，从她身上你能看到她父

亲的影子。”

比之总被拿来与自己父亲作比较，Laila更希望闯出自己。她的父亲支持她踏入拳坛的决

定，可是没有细致告诉她可能发生的一切。Laila明白她父亲想让她自己品味最苦的后果，

自己决定要不要在这条路上走下去。她也明白她将时不时受到重击，甚至可能断了鼻子肿了

脸，但是至少，她做好了准备。

尽管父亲深受帕金森综合症的困扰，Laila仍决定走上拳坛道路，这一举动引起的争论和

诟病不断。但Laila生性好强、意志坚决，这样的性格连同她那响当当的姓氏，使她颇受世

界媒体的关注。当然，在她承载着Ali家族的历史出现在女性拳击赛台上的时候，更多的人

对此表示疑问：这究竟是一场竞技比赛，还是一场做秀表演？

OntheNetFriendsComeandGo,Talkingof...（B级）

Theyoungwomanwasvisibly1andclearlywantedtoget

somethingoffherchest.

"What'sup?"I2—.

"I'vejustbeendefriended,"shesaid.

Now"defriended"isaword_3Iamnotfamiliar.Ihave

beenbefriended4andbefriended-manypeoplesincearrivingin

Beijing.Butdefriended?

Itturns5thisisanewwordcreatedbytheIntemet-savvy

youngergenerationspecificallyinrelationtotheworldwidesocial

networkingphenomenon,Facebook.

Thosewhojoincaninvitefriendstobecomemembersofthesite,

6.Theycanthensharephotographs,"chat",swapmessagesand

observationsandperformahostofothermutuallyaccessibleapplications.

I'veseensomepeople'ssites_7.—hundredsoffriends,all

momentsawaydownafiberopticCable,providingtheyareloggedonto

theircomputersorhookeduptoahigh-speccellphone.

Itcreatesthepossibilityof"befriending"anyoneintheworldwho

hasonlineaccess.Currently,Facebookhas150millionusers.Thatmeans

there'salotof"friends"outthere.

The8isthatyoucanbe"defriended"-youcanbedenied

accesstotheFacebooksitesomeonewhohadpreviouslyinvitedtobehis

orherfriend.Andyoucandoitwithoutthepotentialforinstant

recrimination.

Whereonce,intheschoolplayground,onechildmighthave

petulantlyshouted9another,"I'mnotgoingtobeyourfriend

anymore",nowthesamehurtandlossoffacecanbeperformedremotely

withtheclickofabutton.

A10aspectof"defriending"isthat,unlikewithother

applicationssuchasthe"whatareyouthinkingabout?"postingadigital

depositoryoftheoftendire,11,dullanddesperate,nomessageis

sentoutalertingyouoryourcontactsaboutthechangeinstatus.You

onlyfindoutyouhave12whenyoutrytovisita"friend's"site,

andyoufindyoucannolongergetin.thedelayofthediscoveryisalltoo

oftendoublyhurtful.

Justasbombsaredispatchedimpersonally_13anunseen

enemyinmodemwarfare,14relationshipsareblownoutofthe

windowwiththesamecallousdisregard,withouttheriskofany

face-to-facecomeback.Onesecondyouarethere,15youare

deleted.

练习：

1.A)satisfiedB)friendlyC)moveD)upset

2.A)complainedB)explainedC)inquireD)

argued

3.A)withwhichB)inwhichC)whichD)that,

4Ax

z)

AonB)byC)withD)in

)v

AzaboutB)outC)arouD)in

Gtoo

B)eitherC)yetD)neither

7.A)exaggeratingB)overstatingC)boastingD)showing

off

8.A)benefitB)advantageC)downsideD)merit

9.A)atB)inC)onD)farward

10.A)neutralB)controversialC)astonishingD)

remarkable

11.A)excitingB)drearyC)cheerfulD)bright

12.A)beendumpedB)dumpedC)beingdumpedD)dumping

13.A)forwardB)forC)intoD)against

14.A)andB)sinceC)soD)but

15.A)thenextB)thelastC)thefirstD)anext

DCABBACCABBADCA

关于网络交友和分手

这位年轻的女子明显地不安，想要抒发胸中的闷气。

“怎么了”?我问她。

“我刚刚被朋友抛弃了她说。

如今，对于我来说，被朋友抛弃不是一个熟悉的词，自从我来到北京以后，我已经成为

许多人的朋友，也被许多朋友所抛弃。

结果显示,这是一个新词，是由互联网精明的年轻。一代创建的Facebook发明的，它尤其与

全球社会网络的现象有关。

那些已经加入成为该网站成员的也可以邀请朋友加入。然后，他们可以共享照片,“聊天”,

交换信息和意见，并执行其他应用程序相互访问的主机。

我见过一些人的网站吹嘘，数百个朋友，假如他们登录到自己的电脑或挂接到一个高规

格的手机，就即刻离开了光缆。

它为世界上在线访问的任何人创造了“成为朋友”的可能性。目前Facebook有150万用户，

这意味着有很多“朋友”产生于这里。

这样做的缺点是，你可能被朋友抛弃。你可能被以前曾邀你成为他或她的朋友的人拒绝访

问，你可以这样做而不立即被指责。

也许有一次，在学校操场，一个孩子暴躁地向另一个人喊叫，“我再也不想成为你的朋

友贾”，现在通过远程控制，点击按钮同样的可以造成伤害，使一张脸消失了。

对于被朋友抛弃一个有争议的的方面是，不像其他的申请，诸如“你在想什么呢?”往往

可怕，阴郁，沉闷和绝望的数字存储），任何信息都不会被发送来改变你和你的联系人的关系。

你只知道当你尝试访问1朋友’的网站，你会发现你不能再进去了，这一发现的拖延往往是双重

伤害。

正如在现代战争中炸弹被无情地发射到一个看不见的敌人,这种关系也被无情地抛出窗

外，没有任何面对面卷土重来的危险。只要你在那里一秒钟，你将被删除。

综合类…A级

LifeExpectancyintheLastHundredYears

Ahundredyearsago,lifeexpectancyindevelopedcountrieswasabout47;inearly21stcentury,

menintheUnitedStatesandtheUnitedKingdomcanexpecttolivetoabout74,womentoabout

80andthese_1_arerisingallthetime.Whathasbrought_2_thesechanges?Whenwelookat

thelife_3_ofpeople100yearsago,weneedtolookatthegreatest_4_ofthetime.Intheearly

20Ihcentury,thereweretheacuteandoften_5_infectiousdiseasessuchassmallpox.Many

childrendiedveryyoungfromthesediseasesandothers,andtheweakandelderlywerealwaysat

risk.

Inthe_6_worldthesediseasesarefar_7_today,andinsomecaseshavealmostdisappeared.

Anumberof_8_haveledtothis:improvementsinsanitationandhygiene,thediscoveryanduse

ofantibiotics,which_9_bacterialdiseasesmuchlessdangerous,andvaccinations

_10_commondiseases._11_,people'sgeneralhealthhasimprovedwithimprovementsinour

generalenvironment:cleanerair,bettermeansofpreservingfood,betterandwarmerhousing,and

betterunderstandingofnutrition.

Genetically,weshouldallbeabletolivetoabout85but_12_peopledolivelongertoday,

therearestillsomebigkillersaroundthatarepreventingusfromconsistentlyreachingthatage.

Theproblemsthataffectpeopletodayarethemorechronicillnesses,suchasheartdiseaseand

strokes,andthose_13_byviruses,suchasinfluenzaandAIDS.Ofcourse,cancerisahugekiller

aswell.Inmostcasesthesediseasesaffect_14_people,butthereareworryingtrendsinthe

developedworldwithproblemssuchasobesity_15_moreheartdiseaseandillnessessuchas

diabetesatyoungerages.

Thekillerstodaycanbeclassedas“lifestylediseases”,whichmeansthatitmaybepossibleto

halttheirprogress.

1.AagesByearsClivesDcountries

2.AinBaboutCtoDwith

3.AlengthBtimeCdurationDspan

4.ApeopleBkillersCinventionDnation

5.AmoreBlessChighDhighly

6.AdevelopedBlessdevelopedCundevelopedDdeveloping

7.AmoredeadlyBdeadlyClessdeadlyDfatal

8.AimprovementsBfactorsCjobsDmeasures

9.AmakesBcausesCmakeDcause

10.AagainstBforCtoDfrom

11.AAndBThereforeCInadditionDNevertheless

12.AwhenByetChoweverDwhile

13.AspreadBaffectedCproducedDcreated

14.ApoorBweakColderDyoung

15.AandBleadingtoCfromDwith

上世纪人类平均寿命的变化

一百年以前，发达国家的人均寿命大约是47岁；到21世纪初，美英两国的男性平均寿命

约为74岁，女性则约为80岁，人们的平均寿命一直在延长。是什么造成了这样的变化呢？

在研究一百年前的人们寿命的时候，我们有必要注意当时一些不治之症。早在20世纪初，

这些不治之症经常是像天花之类的急性的高传染病。许多儿童因此夭折（也有其他原因），

年迈题弱的人也总是面临着它们的威胁。

如今，这些疾病在发达国家已远不能致命，有一些都能被治愈。这一变化归于许多因素，

比如：环境及个人卫生的改善，抗生素的发现及使用，（抗生素大大降低了细菌病的危险）

以及常见疾病预防疫苗的接种。除此之外，更洁净的空气、更好的食物保鲜方法、更舒适温

暖的屋子还有对营养的进一步认识，这些总的环境的改善也促进了人们的整体健康。

从基因角度看，人都都能活到85岁，但尽管现在人们寿命确实比以前长了，仍然有一些

疾病使得我们不能都活到那个岁数。现在困扰人们的是像心脏病和中风那种更为慢性的疾

病，还有像流行性感冒和AIDS那些通过病毒传染的疾病。当然，癌症也是一大杀手。上述

疾病大多影响着老年人，但是令人担忧的问题在发达国家日趋明显，如：肥胖，产生更多心

脏病和糖尿病等其他疾病患者群渐呈年轻化。

人们如今把这些疾病归为“生活方式疾病”，这意味着人们生活方式的改善有可能阻止它

们的进一步发展。

RacialPrejudice

Insomecountrieswhereracialprejudiceisacute,violencehasbeentakenfor

grantedasameansofsolvingdifferences;andthisisnotevenquestioned.Thereare

countries]thewhitemanimposeshisrulebybruteforce;therearecountries

wheretheblackmanprotestsby2firetocitiesandbylootingandpillaging.

Importantpeopleonbothsides,whowouldinotherrespectsappeartobe3

men,getupandcalmlyargue4violence一asifitwerealegitimatesolution,

likeanyother.Whatisreallyfrightening,whatreallyfillsyou§despair,isthe

realizationthatwhenitcomestothecrunch,wehavemadenoactualprogress

6.Wemaywearcollarsandtiesinsteadofwar-paint,butourinstinctsremain

basicallyunchanged.Thewholeofthe]historyofthehumanrace,that

tediousdocumentationofviolence,hastaughtusabsolutelynothing.Wehavestillnot

learntthatviolencenever8aproblembutmakesitmoreacute.Thesheer

horror,thebloodshedandthesuffering9nothing.Nosolutionevercomesto

lightthemorningafterwhenwedismallycontemplatethesmokingruinsandwonder

10hitus.

Thetrulyreasonablemenwhoknowwherethesolutions11arefindingit

harderandhardertogetahearing.Theyaredespised,mistrustedandevenpersecuted

bytheirown12becausetheyadvocatesuchapparentlyoutrageousthings

13lawenforcement.Ifhalftheenergythatgoesintoviolentactswere14.if

oureffortsweredirectedatcleaninguptheslumsandghettos,atimproving

living-standardsandprovidingeducationandemployment15all,wewouldhave

gonealongwaytoarrivingatasolution.

练习：

1.A.whereB.thatC.whichD.who

2.A.givingB.catchingC.settingD.

letting

3.A.reasonableB.reasonablyC.reasonlessD.

reason

4.A.forthesakeofB.forfearofC.incaseofD.

infavorof

5.A.ofB.withC.byD.up

6.A.atallB.afterallC.atlastD.in

theend

7.A.recordB.recordingC.recordedD.

records

8.A.keepsB.dealsC.answersD.

solves

9.A.meantB.meanC.ismeaningD.are

meaning

10.A.whatB.thatC./D.

which

11.A.layB.laysC.lieD.

lies

12.A.kindB.wayC.rightD.rule

13.A.likeB.soC.thatD.

as

14.A.puttousegoodB.puttogooduseC.putgoodtouse

D.goodputtouse

15.?LbyB.atC.forD.With

ACADBACDBACADBC

1.种族偏见

在一些种族偏见尖锐的国家，暴力已经开始理所当然地成为一种解决分歧的手段；而且

这也是毫无疑问的了。在有些国家，白人用残忍的手段进行统治；有些国家，黑人则在城市

中以放火、抢劫和掠夺来抗议。而双方的重要人物，虽然在其他方面显得很理智，也按捺不

住起身为支持暴力活动辩护——似乎，像别的情况一样，这是一种合法的解决方法。真正使

人感到可怕的，真正使你感到绝望的是认识到往往在关犍时刻我们实际上根本没有取得任何

进步。虽然我们穿起了衬衣，打上了领带，不一周往脸上和身上涂上战前的颜料，但我们的

本能基本上仍然没有改变。在有记载的全部人类历史中，那漫长的暴力记录，并没有让我们

吸取任何教训。我们始终没有认识到暴力从来就没有解决过任何问题，却只会使问题更加尖

锐。恐怖、流血和痛苦没有任何意义。在我们忧郁地注视着冒着烟的废墟，考虑着什么使我

们变成这样时，我们并不能找到什么解决问题的方法。

真正有理智的人知道解决问题的方法在哪儿,他们发现要让别人听从他们的意见越来越

难。他们受自己人的蔑视得不到他们的信任，甚至自己人还迫害他们，只是因为他们竭力主

张使用像执法这样的暴力方式来解决问题。如果我们把在使用暴力活动的一半精力用在有益

的事情上，如果我们努力清除贫民区，使所有人提高生活水平，为所有人提供教育和就业机

会，那么我们很快就会找到解决问题的方法。

Sexchangesurgeryguidelinesdrafted

Chinaissetto]itsfirstclinicalguidelineonsex-changesurgery,accordingtoa

noticeputonthewebsiteoftheMinistryofHealthyesterday.

Theministryisnowsolicitingpublicandprofessionalopinionsonthedraftguideline.The

comingguidelineaimstoregulateandstandardizesexreassignmentsurgery,partofatreatment

forgenderidentitydisorderintranssexuals.

Experts2nearly2,000Chinesehaveundergonesex-changesurgerywhile100,000

to400,000arestillconsideringit.However,noofficialnumberisavailable.Inthedraft,theMOH

sets3Criteriafbrbothsurgicalcandidatesandmedicalinstitutions.

Candidatesforthesurgerymustbeolderthan20andsingle,thedraftguidelinesaid.Theyare

alsorequiredtoproveapersistentdesireforasexchange,toliveforatleastfiveconsecutive

yearsfull-timeinthenewgenderrole,andtoengage4mentaltherapyforatleastone

year.

Beforesurgerycantakeplace,acandidatemustreceivearecommendationfortheoperation

froma_5—afteranappropriateseriesoftherapysessions.

Also,severallegalrequirements6bemetbeforetheprocedure.Thecandidatemust

provideprooffrompolicethatheorshehasdoesnothaveanycriminaloffensesinthepast.

Policemustalsoagreetochangethesexstatusontheidentitycardofthe7receiver

beforetheoperationcantake8

Theadventofsuchaguideline9toshowthatthegovernmentisconcerned10

theneedsofarelativelysmall11ofpeoplewhowanttochangesex.

Butdoctorsalsowarnthatallstakeholders,includingthehospitalandprospectivereceivers,

shouldbehighlycautiousaboutthissurgery.

Theoperationismorethanamedicalproceduredue12itshugesocialandlegal

consequences.Doctorsshouldmakeitcleartothose_13—sex-changesurgeriesthattheoption

alwaysremainstocontinuetoliveintheoriginalrole.Theguidelinerequiressurgeonstotell

patientsaboutotheroptions14hormonetherapy,Theyarealsorequiredtoexplainthe

risksinvolved,andunderlyingsocialbarriersincludingdiscrimination,andadministrative

recognitionandapproval.

Forthecandidates,thesurgeryitselfisnotthebigissue15thelongrun.Thereal

issueisthekindoflifeheorshewillhavetoleadafterward.

练习：

1.A)issueB)provideC)withdrawD)bringabout

2.A)boastB)estimateC)blameD)offer

3.A)maximumB)minimumC)lessD)few

4.A)inB)intoC)onD)onto

5.A)physicistB)chemistC)psychologistD)geologist

6.A)canB)mustC)mayD)cannot

7.A)respectiveB)prospectC)expectingD)prospective.

8.A)positionB)locationC)placeD)scene

9.A)believesB)isbelievedC)isbelievingD)believed

10.A)aboutB)withC)aroundD)of

11.A)numeralB)figureC)digitD)number

12.A)inB)withC)toD)into

13.A)seekB)seekingC)soughtD)havesought

14.A)asB)suchthatC)assuchD)suchas

15.A)inB)onC)underD)blow

ABBACBDCBADCBDA

2.变性手术的准则的起草

据卫生部网站昨天发布的通知，中国已经开始发行关于变性手术的临床指南。

卫生部正在征集公众意见草稿和专业的指导。即将到来的方针旨在规范变性手术，这是

一种为变性人进行的性别错位症的治疗。

专家估计，近2,000名中国人已经历了变性手术而10〜40万人仍在考虑之中。然而，并

无相关的官方报道。在草案中卫生部为进行手术的候选人和医疗机构制定了最低标准。

起草方针中规定手术候选人必须超过20岁，并且单身。他们还要求要对性变化有持久的

热情，生活至少连续五年的新性别角色，并从事心理疗法至少一年。

在手术开始之前和一系列有关治疗的方案讨论完之后，候选人必须要接受心理学家对手

术提出的建议。

同时，法律或法规中的条文也必须遵守。

手术候选人必须向警察提供证据，证明进行变性手术的他或她过去并无任何的犯罪行

为。

综合类…C级

WhyPeopleUsePseudonyms

Youcan'tchoosethenameyouaregivenatbirth,butinmanycountriesyoucan

changeitlegallywhenyoureachadulthood..Ofcourse,mostpeopleneverchange

theirnames_1_theyfeelunhappyaboutthem.However,somepeopledo_2_this

courseofaction-particularlyartists!Whatmakesanartistwanttochangetheir

name?Sometimesit'sforpurely_3_reasons,suchastheNobelPrizewinningpoet

fromChile,NeftaliReyes.Hedidn'twanthisfatherto_4_hewaswritingpoetry,so

hechangedhisnametoPabloNerudawhenhewasayoungman._5_othertimes

thereasonmayappeareccentric;takethecaseofthePortuguesepoetFernando

Pessoa,_6_wroteunder75differentnames.Thereason?”WhenIuseadifferent

name,Ialwayswriteinadifferentway,“heexplained.Inmostcases,_7_,thereason

isforsocial,historical,orculturalreasons.Herearesomeofthemost_8_:

Theperson'srealnameisjust_9_longanddifficulttoremember.Let'sbehonest,

MadonnaLouiseCicconeisnotas_10_torememberasjustplain“Madonna”.And

shortnamesaremucheasiertoremember:WilliamBradleybecameBradPittand

EdsonArantesdoNascimentobecamePele.

Sometimesnamesarechangedformarketing_11—.Forexample,ifanamesounds

too“foreign”,itmaybechangedtosomethingthatismorerecognizableina_12_.

Sointhefilmworld,RamonEstevezadoptedthenameMartinSheen.Ormaybethe

artist'srealnamedoesn'tsoundveryattractive一ChadEverettdoes_13_alotbetter

thanRaymondCramton.

Artistssometimes_14_thenameofsomeonetheyadmire.RobertZimmerman

changedhisnametoBooDylanbecauseofhisadmirationfortheWelshpoet,Dylan

Thomas.

Anotherreasonmaybepracticality:inthepast,womenfounditverydifficulttoget

published.To_15_thissituationtheysometimesgavethemselvesmen'snames,so

theEnglishauthorMaryAnnEvansbecameGeorgeEliot,andshedidgetherbooks

published!

1.AasifBasCevenifD

even

2.AtakeBmakeCdoDhave

3.AprivateBindividualCownDpersonal

4.AunderstandBknowCrecognizeDobserve

5.AAtBOnCInDDuring

6.AwhomBwhichCwhoDthat

7.AbutBalthoughCthoughDhowever

8.ApopularBcommonCordinaryDaverage

9.AsoBtooCveryDmuch

10.AeasyBshortCsimpleDbrief

11.AaimsBendsCgoalsDpurposes

12.AmarketBfilmCcountryDbusiness

13.AlookBsoundCappearDseem

14.AchooseBgiveCchangeDget

15.AadmitBassureCavoidDaffect

CADBA〔CDBBA〔DABAC|

为什么人们用假名

我们没法选择出生时的名字，但是在很多国家人们可以在成年后改名。当然，绝大多数人

即使不喜欢自己的名字也不会改。然而，有的人却付诸行动一尤其是艺术家！为什么艺术家

想改名呢？有时仅源于单纯的私人原因。比如诺贝尔奖得主，智利诗人NeftaliReyes,因为

不想让父亲知道自己写诗，就在年轻时改名为PabloNeruda。有时改名的理由也很奇怪，就

拿葡萄牙诗人FernandoPessoa来说吧，他的笔名多达75个。为什么？他解释说：“每用一

个不同的名字，我就写不同的诗。”然而，改名大多数是由于社会、历史、政治或文化因素。

以下是一些最常见的情况：

也许是因为真名太长太难记。老实说，MadonnaLouiseCiccone的确不如Madonna来得好

记。简短的名字记起来容易得多,比如WilliamBradley改名为BradPitt,EdsonArantes

doNasaimento改名为NascimentoPele。

有时改名是出于市场要求。比如，假使名字听起来太“外国”，就可能被换成在市场更容

易认的名字。所以电影圈里的RamonEstevez重起一个名字MartinSheen。或者因为艺人的

真名听上去没什么吸引力一ChadEverett确实比RaymondCramton好听多了。

有时艺术家改名时会选择他们崇拜的人的名字。出于对威尔士诗人DylanThomas的崇敬,

RobertZimmerman把他的名字改成了BooDylan。

另一个原因可归结为现实考虑。过去，女人出书很难。为了避免这一局面，他们有时起男

人的名字，英国作家MaryAnnaEvans把她的名字改为GeorgeEliot,最后果真出版了自己

的书！

WhereHaveAllOurVisitorsGone?

Sixtyyearsago,amannamedKennethArnoldsawsomethingthatpeoplearestill1

today-somethingthatchangedpopularcultureforever.

FlyinghisplaneovermountainsintheUSstateofWashington,hesawalineofstrange

objects,eithercrescent-shapedordisc-like,flying2themotionofasaucerskimmingon

water.

Themediasoonpickeduponthestory-theFlyingSaucerswerehere1!Wastheearth

being3bycreaturesfromanotherplanet?Soon,somanysightingsweremadethattheUS

militarybeganto4ItcalledthesestrangeobjectsUFO2s-UnidentifiedFlyingObjects,

andthatishowtheyare5today.

Militaryinvestigationsfoundnoevidenceofvisitorsfromouterspace.Butthatdidnotstop

thetrue6Themilitarywere7up,theysaid.Or8itwasbecausethetravelersfrom

spacewereofsuchsuperiorintelligencethattheycouldhidefromthemostsophisticated

militaryanalysts.

Peoplehavealwaysseenstrangelightsinthesky.Inthepastthesewereexplainedin

9ways.Inaworldwherereligionwaslessinfluentialandsciencefictionwaspopular,

signsfromgodwerereplacedbyvisitorsfromother10.

ThedateofthefirstUFOsigningswasalsosignificant.In1947,WorldWarIIhadjustended

andthe11warwasjustbeginning.Humanityseemedlockedinendlessconflicts.Like

generationsbeforethem,peoplelooked12theskiesforhelp.ButinsteadofseekingGod,

theylookedforhelpfromsuper-intelligentalienswith13technology.BeliefinUFOs

becamethefirstreligionofscience.

However,evenpeoplewhobelieveinUFOsarenotquitesurewhytheyvisittheearth.

Theuniverseisabigplaceanditis14toassumethatthereislifesomewhereoutthere.Itis

possiblethatalienshaveworkedouthowtotravelthroughspace.Yetsomepeoplereportthatthey

havebeentakenbyaliensandhavehadexperiments15onthem.Whywouldanyonetravel

acrosshalftheuniversetoconductmedicalexperimentsonpeoplelivinginsmalltownsinthe

UnitedStates?

练习:

1.A.lookingB.seeingC.seekingD.feeling

2.A.belowB.UnderneathC.withD.under

3.A.ruledB.bombardedC.capturedD.visited

4.A.investigateB.attackC.shootD.confront

5.A.namedB.calledC.KnownD.dubbed

6.A.believersB.thinkersC.followersD.liars

7.A.hidingB.coveringC.cheatingD.tricking

8.A.definitelyB.undoubtedlyC.necessarilyD.maybe

9.A.awkwardB.crude