有什么类似的经验吗BIOLOGICALMONITORING

BASICPRINCIPLESINOCCUPATIONALHYGIENE

职业卫生基本原则Day2第2天8-BIOLOGICALMONITORINGANDHEALTHSURVEILLANCE

8-生物监测及健康监护BIOLOGICALMONITORINGANDHEALTHSURVEILLANCE

生物监测及健康监护Whatexperiencedoyouhave?有什么类似的经验吗？BIOLOGICALMONITORINGANDHEALTHSURVEILLANCE

生物监测及健康监护HealthSurveillanceisagenericterm:anyprocedureundertakentoassess,reviewormonitoranindividual’shealthinordertoidentifyordetectanysignificantchangefromnormality.健康监护是通用术语：是评估、审核和监测个人健康所采取的任何程序，其目的是为了检测人体是否出现了任何异常变化。Therearethreereasonsforhealthsurveillanceatwork:进行职业健康监护的三大理由如下：toensureadversehealtheffectsrelatedtotheworkareidentifiedatanearlystage;sometimesthisisstatutory,e.g.inrelationtoworkwithlead.为了确保能在早期就能发现工作对健康造成的不良影响；有时，健康监护是强制性规定，例如对于与铅接触的工作。toensurecontinuedmedicalfitnessforspecifictaskslikedivingorfirefighting为了确保具有执行特定任务所需的良好健康状况，如潜水或消防等。topromotegeneralhealth.为了促进身体健康。BIOLOGICALMONITORINGANDHEALTHSURVEILLANCE

生物监测及健康监护Healthsurveillancetechniquesshouldbe:健康监护技术应符合如下条件：

Highlysensitive灵敏度高。Specificintheirabilitytodetecteffectsatanearlyandreversiblestage.具备能在早期和可逆阶段发现负面作用的能力。Safe.安全性高。Preferablynon-invasiveandacceptabletotheemployee.最好是非侵入式，员工可接受。Costisalsoaconsideration.成本也是一个考虑因素。Resultsofhealthsurveillanceshouldleadtosomeactionofbenefittothehealthofemployees.应能通过健康监护结果，制定有利于员工的措施。BIOLOGICALMONITORING(1)

生物监测（1）Biologicalmonitoringisanintegralpartofhealthsurveillanceandisthemeasurementofhumantissues,fluidsorbehaviourincomparisonwithwhatisconsideredtobeanormalrangeofvalues.生物监测是健康监护不可分割的一部分，是对人体组织、体液或行为进行测量，并将测量结果与正常值进行对比的程序。Medicalconfidentialityapplies.应符合医疗保密规定。Canestablishnotonlyexposurebutalsoitseffectonanindividualorgroupofpeople.不仅可以确定接触限值，还能确定对个人或群体的影响。BIOLOGICALMONITORING(2)

生物监测（2）Biologicalmeasurementscandetermine:-生物测量可以确定：thecontentofatoxicmaterialoritsmetaboliteinblood,urineandbreath血液、尿液和呼气中有毒物质或代谢物的含量。Itseffectsonenzymesystemsormetabolicpathways

对酶系统或代谢途径的影响。Earlyreversibletissuechange早期可逆转的组织变化。PhysiologicalchangesImmunologicalchanges.生理变化、免疫系统变化。TypesofMeasurements

测量类型Urine尿液Cells(exfoliatecytology)-bladdercancer细胞（尿液细胞学诊断）-膀胱癌Leveloftoxine.g.mercury毒素含量，如汞LevelofmetaboliteegTCA(tricarboxylicacid)代谢产物含量，如TCA（三羧酸）Protein(especiallykidneydamage)蛋白质（尤其是肾脏损害）Bile(jaundice)胆汁（黄疸）Sugar(diabetes)-relevanttoshiftwork,publicservicevehicle(PSV)driving糖（糖尿病）——与轮班、公共服务车辆（PSV）驾驶相关TypesofMeasurements

测量类型Blood

血液Fullbloodcountandhaemoglobin-lead,benzene,alcohol,workinthetropics全血计数和血红蛋白——铅、苯、酒精、热带地区工作Serum(deepfrozen)-baselineantibodylevelsinpathogenexposure血清（深度冷冻）——病原体接触的基准抗体水平Liverfunctiontests-alcohol,hepatotoxicchemicals肝功能检查——酒精、肝毒性Renalfunctiontests-kidneytoxins肾功能检查-肾脏毒素Toxinlevels-e.g.lead毒素含量-例如铅Metabolitelevels-e.g.ALA.代谢水平-例如ALA。TypesofMeasurements

测量类型Skin皮肤Appearance外观Pricktesting皮刺试验Breath

呼吸Dichloromethaneandcarbonmonoxideexposure.

二氯甲烷和一氧化碳接触限值。Vision视力

Acuitytestse.g.lorrydrivers,pilotsetc.视力测试，例如货车司机，飞行员等。

Colourblindnesstestse.g.civilaviation,railways,microscopy.色盲测试，例如民航、铁路、显微镜学行业。TypesofMeasurements

测量类型X-raysX-射线

Chestx-raysareusefulforconditionssuchasinfection胸部X光检查可用于检测感染等情况。Pneumoconiosischestx-rays尘肺病胸部X光检查Neurologicaltests神经系统测试

Mentalfunction

心理功能 Nervetransmis