新教材高中北师大版英语选择性必修1课件Unit1PartⅤWritingWorkshopViewingWorkshopReadingClub

PartⅤ

WritingWorkshop,Viewing

Workshop&ReadingClub双基夯实·课前排查核心突破·要点讲解夯实基础·一遍落实开放课堂·自修自读【学习目标】话题语境“人与社会”主题下对“良好的人际关系和社会交往”之探讨课时词汇invitation,organise,competitor,progression,engagement,behaviour,principle,contrast常用短语sofar,onbehalfofsb.,takeup,takeplace,giveaspeech,notedown,cometoadecision,conformto,giveinto重点句式(1)sothat引导目的状语从句(2)形容词短语作后置定语(3)表达性技能：能够写邀请信双基夯实·课前排查Ⅰ.核心单词练习：请根据所给的词性和词义写出单词1．________________n.动力，积极性2．________________n.差异，差别vt.形成对比3．________________n.政治，政治活动4．________________adj.不积极的，不主动的5．________________n.原则；行为准则6．________________vi.&vt.保护，保卫7．________________n.赞许；同意motivationcontrastpoliticsunmotivatedprincipledefendapproval8．________________vt.属于9．________________adv.真诚地，由衷地10．________________n.参与11．________________n.清楚，清晰12．________________n.选手，参赛者13．________________n.话题，题目14．________________n.代表……15．________________vt.组织，筹划belongsincerelyengagementclaritycompetitortopicbehalforganiseⅡ.常用单词练习：根据句意和所给的首字母或中文提示写出符合句中单词的正确形式1．He'sabrightenoughstudent—hejustlacks__________(动力)．2．Therehasbeenacallforgreater________(清晰)inthisareaofthelaw.3．Thecompanyisveryinterestedinproductdesignand_________(革新)．4．Thanksforthe________(邀请)toyourbirthdayparty.5．Sherefusestoallowherfamilytohelpherasamatterof________(原则)．6．Allourofficersaretrainedtod________themselvesagainstknifeattacks.motivationclarityinnovationinvitationprincipledefend7．Shedesperatelywantedtowinherfather'sa________.8．Severalofthepointsyouraiseddonotb________inthisdiscussion.9．Hes________believedhewasactinginbothwomen'sbestinterests.10．Lastyeartheysoldtwiceasmanycomputersastheirc__________.11．Ourdiscussionrangedovervarioust________，

suchasacidrainandtheholeintheozonelayer.12．Onb________ofthedepartmentIwouldliketothankyouall.13．Theyo________ameetingbetweentheteachersandstudents.approvalbelongsincerelycompetitorstopicsbehalf

organisedⅢ.短语记忆：阅读本部分内容翻译相关短语1．和……对比________________2．倾向于做某事________________3．一系列，一套

____________4．被控制

___________5．认真地对待某事________________6．屈服，让步

_________7．取笑

___________8．包围________________9．导致

_________incontrasttotendtodosth.arangeofincontroltakesth.seriouslygiveintomakefunofsurround...with...leadto10．服从；遵守；赞同；支持

_____________11．遵守

____________12．属于

____________13．想要

____________14．渴望做某事

______________15．占据

____________16．为……负责________________17．愿意做某事________________18．代表某人________________goalongwithconformtobelongtofeellikelongtodosth.takeupberesponsibleforbewillingtodosth.onbehalfofsb.核心突破·要点讲解►第一版块：重点单词1.invitationn．邀请(教材P18)AnInvitationLetter邀请信(1)attheinvitationofsb.应某人的邀请aletterofinvitation邀请信theinvitationtosth./todosth.某事/做某事的邀请(2)invitev.邀请；请求；引诱invitesb.tosth.(forsth.)邀请某人(为某事)到……invitesb.todosth.邀请某人做某事invitesth.fromsb.向某人请求某事(3)invitingadj.诱人的；吸引人的❶AftertheyweregivenaninvitationtoappearliveonBBC,theBeatlesquicklybecamefamousinBritainwithnationwidetours.披头士乐队在得到在BBC现场演出的邀请后，很快在英国的全国巡演中成名。❷Igladlyacceptedtheirinvitationtotheopeningceremony.我愉快地接受了他们开幕式的邀请。❸SheinvitedmetospendtwoweeksinGerman.她邀请我在德国待两周。❹We'reinvitedtoLola'sparty.我们受邀参加洛拉的聚会。❺Afterhisspeechheinvitedquestionsandcommentsfromtheaudience.他演讲后请听众提问题和意见。❻Aninvitingsmellofcoffeewaftedintotheroom.一股诱人的咖啡香气飘进了房间。佳句欣赏：①Whenhebringshisspeechtoaniceconclusion,Whaleyinvitestherestoftheclasstopraisehim.当他完美地结束演讲时，惠利请全班同学一起表扬他。②Peopletendtotakeprideinkeepingeverythingintheirstreetfreshandinviting.人们往往为他们街上的一切都保持新鲜和吸引人而感到自豪。[即学即练]单句语法填空/单句改错①TheycametoWashington________theinvitationofthePresident.②Shortlyafterwards,hereceived________invitationtospeakatascientificconference.③Theywerealwaysdroppingby,usuallywithout__________________(invite)．④They'veinvitedus________theircountrycottagefortheweekend.⑤Thereisan________(invite)smileonherface.⑥Candidateswhoaresuccessfulinthewrittentestwillbeinvitingforaninterview.________________⑦Thenewspaperinvitedreaderstowritingtheirviews.______________ataninvitation/beinginvitedtoinvitinginviting→invitedwriting→write2．organisevt.组织，筹划；安排(活动)(教材P18)ImagineyouaregoingtoorganiseanEnglishDramaCompetitioninyourschooloranEnglishPoemRecitationinyourclass.想象一下你要在学校组织一场英语戏剧比赛，或者在班上组织一场英语诗歌朗诵会。(1)organiseameeting/adiscussion组织会议/讨论会organiseone'sthoughts整理思路organisetimetodo/forsth.安排时间做某事organisesb.todo...组织某人做……(2)organisationn.[C]组织；团体；机构[U]组织工作；结构；体制；配置(3)organisern.组织者(4)organisedadj.有组织的；有条理的❶It'sanorganisationthatoffersfreelegaladvicetopeopleonlowincomes.这是一个为低收入人群提供免费法律咨询的机构。❷Heisbusywiththeorganisationofanewreadingclub.他正忙于筹备一个新的读书俱乐部。❸She'snotaveryorganisedpersonandshealwaysarriveslateatmeetings.她不是个有条不紊的人，开会总是迟到。佳句欣赏：Theunwillingparentorganizesthemealschedule,sendsoutemails,andcollectsmoneyforend­of­seasongifts.这位不情愿(做志愿者)的家长安排用餐时间、发邮件，并为季末礼物筹款。[即学即练]单句语法填空/完成句子①Heisthepresidentofalargeinternational_____________________(organise)．②Isn'tittimeyoustartedtoget_________________(organise)?③谁来组织今年的聚会？Who'sgoingto________________________thisyear?④把思绪整理清楚再说话。_______________________________beforeyoubegintospeak.organisation/organizationorganised/organizedorganise/organizethepartyOrganise/Organizeyourthoughts/ideas❶Wecan'tcompetewiththemonprice.我们在价格上无法与他们竞争。❷Smallshopscannotcompeteinpriceswiththebigones.小店是无法在价格上跟大公司进行竞争的。❸Runnersfrommanycountriesarecompetingfortheinternationalprize.来自许多国家的赛跑运动员正在为获得这项国际奖项而竞争。佳句欣赏：Thefirstprizewasawardedtotheyoungestcompetitor.一等奖被颁发给了最年轻的参赛者。Thecompetitorjoinedinthecompetitiontocompetewithothercompetitorsin1000meterrace.这位参赛选手参加这场比赛去与其他选手竞争1000米赛跑。[即学即练]完成句子①来自世界各地的一万多名参赛选手来到北京，为了奖牌在竞争激烈的比赛中相互竞争。Morethan10,000_________fromtheworldcametoBeijingto_______witheachotherinthe__________gamesformedals.②尽管他们是好朋友，但是他们在学习方面互相竞争。Thoughtheyaregoodfriends,they__________________eachotherinstudy.③几家公司正在竞争那份合同。Severalcompaniesare____________thecontract.competitorscompetecompetitivecompetewith/againstcompetingfor4.progressionn．变化，发展Drugscanslowdowntheprogressionofthedisease.药物能减缓疾病的恶化。progressn.[U]进步；进展v.进步；进展makeprogress取得进步inprogress在进行中❶TomismakingprogressinEnglishlittlebylittle.汤姆在英语方面逐渐取得进步。❷I'mafraidwearenotmakingmuchprogress.恐怕我们进步不大。❸ThewarinAfricaisstillinprogress.非洲的战争仍在进行。❹Themovementhasbeeninprogressforseveralyears.那场运动已经进行了好几年了。特别提醒：progress是不可数名词，无复数形式，也没有抽象名词具体化的用法，所以它前面不可加不定冠词。有类似用法的不可数名词还有advice,fun,information,furniture,equipment,luggage/baggage(行李)等。[即学即练]根据汉语提示，用含progress的短语补全句子/单句改错①Thesearchforthemissingchildisstill_________(在进行)．②Thefootballmatchis__________(在进行),sotheresultisnotavailablenow.③Firefighterssaythey______________________(已经取得快速的进展)towardsputtingoutthebigfire.④___________________(没有取得进展)inthetradetalkasneithersidewouldaccepttheconditionsoftheother.⑤Ifyouworkhard,youwillmakeagreatprogress.________inprogressinprogresshavemaderapidprogressNoprogresswasmade删除a5.engagementn．参与；约定；订婚Theirengagementwasannouncedinthelocalpaper.他们订婚的消息已在当地报纸上公布。(1)gotosb.'sengagementparty去参加某人订婚宴会haveanengagementwithsb./appointmentwithsb.与某人有预约(2)engagev.参加；吸引；雇用engageinsth.参加engagesb.tosb.else把某人许给另一人/使某人与另一人订婚engagesb.tobehereat6：00约某人6点钟到这儿engagesb.insth.(使)从事，参加engagewithsb./sth.与某人/某物建立密切关系❶Evidenceindicatesthatmusicactivitiesengagedifferentpartsofthebrain.有证据表明音乐活动能调动大脑的各个部分。❷Itisamoviethatengagesboththemindandtheeye.这是一部令人赏心悦目的影片。❸Only10%ofAmericanadultsengageinregularexercise.在美国，只有10%的成年人定期锻炼。❹Shetrieddesperatelytoengagehiminconversation.她用尽办法要跟他谈话。联想拓展：engagedadj.忙于；从事于；已订婚的beengagedinsth.忙于某事beengagedtosb.跟某人订婚①I'mengagedthisafternoon.我今天下午有事。②Iwastotallyengagedinmystudyandseldompaidattentiontomymother'sfeelings.我完全投入到学习中，很少关注母亲的感受。③HewasengagedtoherwhenworkinginBeijing.他是在北京工作时和她订婚的。[即学即练]单句语法填空①Eveninprison,hecontinuedtoengage________criminalactivities.②Shehasbrokenoffher__________(engage)toCharles.③Theyare________(engage)intalkswiththegovernment.④Thecouplegot________(engage)onChristmasDay2013afterdatingformorethantwoyears.⑤Thewomanwhoisengaged________mybrotherisverypretty.inengagementengagedengagedto6.behaviourn.[U]举止；行为(1)behavewell/badly举止有/没礼貌behaveoneself守规矩；表现得体(2)(3)mindone'sbehaviour注意某人的举止词语辨析：act一般指具体的、短暂的或个别的行为，强调行为的完成及其效果behaviour一个人的行为举止[即学即练]单句语法填空/完成句子①Ifparentsdonotteachtheirchildhowtobehave________(he),hewilldoanythingatwill.②Ithinkallofusshouldmindour________(behave)inpublicplaces.③Theybehavedbadly________theguests,whichmadeusdisappointed.④Theparentsaskedthechildrento_________(举止礼貌)infrontoftheguests.himselfbehaviourtowardsbehavewell7.principlen.[C，U]原则；行为准则inprinciple原则上；大体上，基本上onprinciple依据自己的(道德)原则或信条[即学即练]单句语法填空①Theyhaveacceptedtheidea_____principle.②Manypeopleareopposedtothesaleofarms_____principle.inon佳句欣赏：(1)It'seasytohaveprincipleswhenyou'rerich.Theimportantthingistohaveprincipleswhenyou'repoor.当你有钱时遵守原则是容易的，重要的是你穷困时遵守原则。(2)ItisaprincipleofminetohelppeoplewhenIcan.我的一个原则是在我能够帮助人的时候帮助人。8．contrastn．差异，差别vt.形成对比contrastAwithB把A与B作对比或对照incontrastto和……对比[即学即练]完成句子①他的白头发与黑皮肤形成了鲜明的对比。Hiswhitehairwas________________hisdarkskin.②她的行动与她的诺言相差甚远。Heractions___________________herpromises.insharpcontrasttocontrastedsharplywith►第二版块：重点短语1.takeup占用(时间)；占据(空间)；对某事产生兴趣；开始从事(教材P18)Wewouldnottakeuptoomuchofyourtime.我们不会占用你太多时间。takeback收回；退回takedown拿下；取下；记录；写下takein收留；吸入；理解；领会；欺骗takeoff脱下(衣服)；摘掉；(飞机等)起飞；突然开始成功；休假；休息❶IknowhowbusyyouareandIwouldn'twanttotakeuptoomuchofyourtime.我知道你有多忙，并且我不想占用你太多时间。❷Hetookpaintingupforawhile,butsoonlostinterest.他有段时间喜欢上了绘画，但很快就没了兴趣。❸CanItakebacksomethingI'veposted？我可以撤回我已经寄出的东西吗？❹CanIjusttakesomedetailsdown？我记一些细节，好吗？❺Don'tbetakeninbyproductsclaimingtohelpyouloseweightinaweek.不要相信那些声称能让你在一周内就减肥的产品。❻Wearetakingoffnow.Pleasefastenyoursafetybelt.我们马上就要起飞了。请系好您的安全带。❼Hiscareerhastakenoff.他的事业已经开始腾飞。佳句欣赏：Theformersprintersayshewantstoinspireotherstotakeupwintersports.这位前短跑运动员说他想鼓励别人参加冬季运动。

知识联想：take...as把……当作……take...for...把……(误)当作……take...tobe...把……当作……takeapart拆开takeit/thingseasy别紧张，别着急，慢慢来takeout取出，拿出takeover接收，接管taketo(不用于被动语态)开始从事；喜欢上；养成……习惯takeyourtime慢慢来，别着急[即学即练]单句语法填空①Youneedabreak.Whynottakeafortnight________fromwork?②Peterwilltake________hispostastheheadofthetravelagencyattheendofnextmonth.③Don'tbetaken________byhisstory;heisaliar.④ItwasseveralminutesbeforeIcouldtake________whathewassaying.⑤Agooddealoftimeistaken________withdrivingthechildrentopianoclasses.

offupininup2.onbehalfof代表(或代替)某人；为了(某人)；为帮助(某人)(教材P18)Iamwritingonbehalfoftheschool'sStudentUnion.我代表校学生会写这封信。❶OnbehalfofmycompanyIwouldliketothankyouall.我谨代表我的公司向大家表示感谢。❷Weareverygladtoputonaperformancehereonbehalfofourschool.我们很高兴代表我们学校在这里演出。❸Shegaveaconcertonbehalfofacharity.她为帮助一个慈善机构举办了一场演奏会。❹Theycampaignedonbehalfofthevictimsofthewar.他们为这场战争的受害者发起了运动。佳句欣赏：(1)Thepresidentcan'tbeheretoday,soI'mgoingtospeakonbehalfofhim.总裁今天不能来了，所以我将代表他发言。(2)Iwroteseverallettersonhisbehalf.我代表他写了好几封信。[即学即练]单句写作①我代表这里的每个人祝你旅途愉快。___________________________________________________________②我很荣幸代表我校全体学生在这里作演讲。___________________________________________________________Onbehalfofeveryonehere,Iwishyouapleasantjourney.Ifeelhonoredtodeliveraspeechhereonbehalfofallthestudentsofourschool.3.conformto遵守conformwith/to

(使)符合；服从，遵从遵守类归纳：observethecustoms遵守风俗observethediscipline遵守纪律observesb.'sinstructions听从某人指示observethelaw遵守法律observetherules遵守规章[即学即练]完成句子①多数人愿意遵从社会习俗。Mostpeoplewillingly________________thecustomsofsociety.②这座建筑物不符合安全条例。Thebuildingdoesnot______________safetyregulations.conformto/withconformto/with4.giveinto屈服，让步giveaway分发；赠送；泄露giveback归还；使恢复giveoff发出(光、热、气味等)giveout分发；(食物、燃料、电力等)用完，耗尽；发出(热、光等)giveup放弃；停止givewayto让路不规则动词变化形式：A→B→C类动词give→gave→givenforgive→forgave→forgivendrive→drove→drivenrise→rose→risenarise→arose→arisenride→rode→riddenwrite→wrote→writtenspeak→spoke→spokenwake→woke→wokenchoose→chose→chosenknow→knew→knownlie→lay→laindrink→drank→drunkeat→ate→eatenfall→fell→fallenbreak→broke→brokenblow→blew→blown[即学即练]单句语法填空①HenaggedmesomuchforanewbikethateventuallyIgave________.②Shethinksnooneknowshowmuchshelikeshim,butherfacewhenIsaidhe'dbetherereallygaveher________！③Attheendoftheracehislegsgave________andhecollapsedontheground.④Itisn'tmine;Imustgiveit________totheowner.⑤Themarketwasfullofsaltedfish,giving________theworstsmell.⑥Shegave________herjobtolookafterhersickmother.⑦IfIgivein________myfear,I'lllivealifeofregret.inawayoutbackoffupto►第三版块：典型句式1.sothat引导目的状语从句(教材P18)WouldyouhavetimetoattendashortmeetingattheStudentUnionRoomat4pmon8Maysothatwecanintroduceyoutotheotherjudgesanddiscussthedetails？5月8日下午4时，您是否有时间在学生会会议室参加一个简短的会议，以便我们向其他评委介绍您并讨论细节？sothat引导目的状语从句时，意为“为了；目的是；以便”，补充说明主句中谓语动词表示的动作发生的目的，其引导的从句一般位于主句后，从句中的谓语常含有may/might,can/could,will/would,should等情态动词；inorderthat与之含义相同，多用于正式文体，其引导的从句可放在主句前面或后面。❶Youmustspeakloudersothat/inorderthatyoucanbeheardbyall.你必须更大声一点，以便大家都可以听到你(的声音)。❷Cathyhadquittedherjobbeforehersonwasbornsothatshecouldstayhomeandraiseherfamily.凯茜在她儿子出生前就已辞去了工作，这样她就能够待在家里抚养孩子了。特别提醒：sothat也可以引导结果状语从句，补充说明主句中谓语动词发生的结果。注意区分以下两句话：IhadtakenanearlybussothatIgotthereintime.我乘了早班公共汽车，因此及时赶到了那里。(结果状语从句)I'mgoingtotakeanearlybussothatIcangetthereintime.我打算乘坐早班公共汽车，以便及时赶到那里。(目的状语从句)[即学即练]完成句子/指出下列句子中sothat引导的从句类型①Hestudiedhard___________(为了)hecouldpasstheexam.②I'lltakesomesuncreamwithme______(以便)thesunwon'tburnme.③IalwayswritecarefullysothatImaymakemymeaningclear.____________④IalwayswritecarefullysothatImakemymeaningclear.___________⑤Weallarrivedateightsothatthemeetingbeganontime.___________⑥We'llcomeateightsothatthemeetingcanbeginearly.____________inorderthatsothat目的状语从句结果状语从句结果状语从句目的状语从句2.形容词短语作后置定语(教材P20)Agentleman,marriedfor25years,islongingtohearhiswifesay“thankyou”，

butwon'task.一位结婚25年的先生渴望听到妻子说“谢谢”，却不愿开口(说出他的期望)。英语中，形容词短语作定语可以位于被修饰词之后。❶Thebasketfulloffruitsbelongstothebeautifulgirl.装满水果的这个篮子是这个漂亮女孩的。❷Ithinkheisamansuitableforthejob.我认为他是适合做这项工作的人。单个形容词修饰不定代词somebody,someone,something,anybody,anyone,anything,nobody,nothing等时，要放在不定代词后。Anyoneintelligentcandoit.任何聪明人都能做这件事。Thereisnothing(seriously)wrongwiththemachine.这台机器没什么(大)毛病。[即学即练]单句语法填空①Iwanttobuysomethingvery_________(interest)．②Heisoneofthestudents________(worry)abouttheexams.③Weneedaplacetwice________(large)thanthisone.④Thisisn'tanything________(importance)．interestingworriedlargerimportant►第四版块：写作专题——邀请信[素材储备]1．篇章结构邀请信是人们在日常生活、社会生活和外事活动中经常使用的一种应用文体，其特点是简短、热情，给人以真诚、亲切的感觉。邀请信一般包括以下内容：(1)开头一般开门见山，直接说明用意，礼貌而友好地发出邀请。(2)正文部分通常包括活动的内容(是晚会、晚餐还是一般的聚会)、时间和地点，有时也可以告诉对方邀请的人员等。(3)结尾表示感谢，希望对方回复或希望对方按时到达。2．常用表达①Iamwritingtoinviteyouto...我写信是想邀请你……②Iwonderifyoucancome...我想知道你是否能来……③Itismypleasuretoinviteyouto...我非常荣幸邀请你来……④MyfamilyandIwouldfeelmuchhonouredifyoucouldcome.如果你能来，我的家人和我都将感到不胜荣幸。⑤I'mlookingforwardtoseeingyou.我很期待见到你。⑥Wearelongingtohearfromyou.我们期待收到你的来信。⑦Wearelookingforwardtoyourcomingwithgreatpleasure.我们高兴地期待着你的到来。⑧Ihopeyou'renottoobusytocome.我盼望您在百忙之中光临。⑨Pleaseconfirmyourparticipationatyourearliestconvenience.是否参加，请早日告知。⑩Besuretocomehereontime.请确保按时到达。3．写作模板Dear________，Howiseverythinggoingwithyou?Iamwritingtotellyouthattherewillbea________(内容)at/in________(地点)on________(时间).Wewouldbehonoured/delightedtohaveyoutherewithus.AsIknow,youareinterestedin(fondof/crazyabout)________(内容).Atthe________(内容),youwillenjoy/see...Besides/Inadditiontodoingsth,youcanalsorelaxyourself/broadenyourhorizons/enrichyourlife.Iamsure/dobelieveyouwillhaveagreattime/enjoyyourself.Ihopethatyouwillacceptmyinvitationifit'sconvenientforyou.Lookingforwardtoyourearlyreply.[模拟演练]假定你是李华，你校将举办外国学生中文演讲比赛，请给你的英国朋友George写封邮件邀请他参加。内容包括：1．比赛时间；2．演讲话题；3．报名方式。注意：1．词数80左右；2．可适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________开放课堂·自修自读[词语积累]①peerpressure同辈压力peer/pɪə(r)/n.[C]身份(或地位)相同的人，同龄人，同辈②belongto属于；是……的成员Someofthestampsbelongtome;therestaremybrothers'.这些邮票中有些是我的，其余的是我兄弟的。MikebelongstotheEnglishclub.迈克是英语俱乐部的成员。③conformto顺从/遵从……；与……相一致conform/kən'fɔːm/vi.顺从，顺应(大多数人或社会)；遵从；相一致，相吻合④adoptvt.采用(某方法)，采取(某态度)；vt.&vi.收养，领养⑤fitin(withsb./sth.)(与……)合得来；适应Iwasn'tsureifshewouldfitinwithmyfriends.我不确定她是否与我的朋友合得来。Thenewbuildingmustfitinwithitssurroundings.这座新建筑物必须与其周围的环境相协调。⑥resist/rɪ'zɪst/vt.&vi.反抗，抵抗；抵制；忍住resistdoingsth.抵制做某事⑦approval/ə'pruːvl/n.[U]赞成，同意；[U，C]批准，通过approve/ə'pruːv/vi.赞成，同意；vt.批准，通过approveof...赞成，同意⑧goalongwithsth.赞成/遵从某事⑨bully/'bʊli/vt.恐吓，伤害，胁迫

n．[C]仗势欺人者，横行霸道者⑩defend/dɪ'fend/vt.&vi.防御，保护；vt.辩白⑪rolemodel楷模，行为榜样⑫deepdown在内心深处；在心底Deepdownsheknewshewaswrong.她心底知道自己错了。PEERPRESSUREWhatispeerpressure①andwhydoesithappen?Weallwanttobepartofagroupandfeellikewebelongto②ourcommunity.Peerpressurecanhappenwhenweareinfluencedtodosomethingthatwewouldnotusuallydobecausewewanttobeacceptedbyourpeers【1】.Childrenandyoungadultsespeciallyfeelsocialpressuretoconformto③thepeergroup.【1】本句为复合句。when...peers为when引导的时间状语从句，其中that引导的定语从句修饰先行词something,because引导原因状语从句。Howdoespeerpressureaffectpeople?Peerpressurecaninfluencehowpeopledress,howtheytalk,whatmusictheylistento,whatattitudestheyadopt④andhowtheybehave.Teenagerswanttobeliked,tofitin⑤andtobeaccepted,whichmeanspeerpressurecanbepowerfulandhardtoresist⑥.Peoplewhoarelowinconfidenceandunsureofthemselvesmaybemorelikelytoseektheirpeers'approval⑦bygoingalongwith⑧riskysuggestionsorchoosingthe“wrong”path.Inonestudy,astudentwhoknewthecorrectanswertoaquestionactuallygavethewronganswerbecausealltheothersintheclassgavethewronganswerandhedidn'twanttobedifferent【2】．【2】本句为主从复合句，主干为astudentgavethewronganswer。who引导的定语从句修饰先行词student,because引导原因状语从句。Canpeerpressureleadtobullying⑨？

Peerpressuredefinitelyplaysaroleinbullying.Ifateenagerisseenasweakordifferentbythemajorityoftheirpeers,theycanbecomeatargetforbullies.Bulliespickeasytargets—peoplewhoareoutsidethepeergroupandwhomthegroupisunlikelytodefend⑩.Unfortunately,somebulliesarepopularandmayevenleadthepeergroup,whichmeansothersarelesslikelytochallengetheirbehaviour.Whatcanstudentsdotoavoidpeerpressure?Themostimportantthingistobuildupself­confidence,sothatitiseasiertosay“no”tothepeergroup.Studentscandothisbychoosingtheirfriendswisely:It'sagoodideaforteenstosurroundthemselveswithpositiverolemodels⑪—peoplewhodon'tmakefunofthem,butacceptthemandareconfidentthemselves.It'salsoimportantforyoungpeopletothinkabouttheconsequencesoftheiractions.Iftheygiveintopeerpressure(andperhapsdosomethingthattheyknowdeepdown⑫

iswrong),whatcouldbetheresult?Iftheystopandthinkabouttheconsequences,theymightmakeadifferentdecision.什么是同辈压力？它的成因是什么？我们都想成为集体的一部分，想要获得归属感。当我们因为想要被同辈接纳而受他人影响去做一些通常不会做的事情时，同辈压力就产生了。为了顺应同辈集体，儿童和年轻人尤其会感受到社交压力。同辈压力是如何影响人的呢？同辈压力会影响人们如何穿着、如何交谈、听什么样的音乐、采取何种态度以及如何行事。青少年想要被人喜欢，想要融入和被接纳，这意味着同辈压力会很强大，难以抗拒。信心不足、缺乏自信的人可能更容易接受不可靠的建议，或选择“错误”的道路，从而寻求同辈人的认可。一项研究中，一个知道问题正确答案的学生竟然给出了错误答案，因为班上其他所有人都给出了错误答案，他不想显得与众不同。同辈压力会导致霸凌现象吗？同辈压力必然是霸凌的成因之一。如果一个青少年被大多数同辈人视为软弱，或是与众不同，就可能成为霸凌的对象。横行霸道者选择容易攻击的对象——被同辈群体排除在外的、同辈群体不太可能去保护的人。遗憾的是，一些霸凌者很受欢迎，甚至可能是同辈群体的领袖，这意味着其他人不太可能会质疑他们的行为。学生可以做些什么来避免同辈压力呢？最重要的是建立自信，这样就更容易对同辈群体说“不”。学生们可以通过明智地择友来做到这一点：青少年结交积极的榜样是个好办法——这些人不会取笑他们而是会接受他们，并且这些人很自信。对年轻人来说，考虑自己行为的后果也很重要。如果他们屈服于同辈压力(可能去做他们深知是错误的事情)，结果将会如何？他们如果停下来考虑后果，可能会做出不同的决定。[词语积累]①sharedpersonalityqualities共同的性格特质sharedvalues共同的价值观②extrovert/'ekstrəvɜːt/n.[C]性格外向者，活泼自信的人【反义】introvert/'ɪntrəvɜːt/n.[C]内向的人，不喜欢与人交往的人③psychiatrist/saɪ'kaɪətrɪst/n.[C]精神病学家，精神科医生④talkative/'tɔːkətɪv/adj.健谈的，爱多说话的⑤arangeof一系列⑥tendtodosth.往往会做某事，易于做某事ItendtoseepicturesinmymindwhenIamreadingorlistening.在读或听的时候，我往往会在头脑中形成画面。⑦unmotivated/ˌʌn'məʊtɪveɪtɪd/adj.不感兴趣的，缺乏动力的motivatevt.激励，激发；成为……的动机motivation/ˌməʊtɪ'veɪʃən/n.[C]动力⑧incontrastto与……相比Incontrasttohisbrother,Bushhaslittleappetiteforforeigntravel.与他哥哥相比，布什对出国旅行没什么兴趣。EXTROVERTSANDINTROVERTSEveryonehasadifferentpersonality.Itiswhatmakespeopleindividualandunique.However,therearesomesharedpersonalityqualities①whichletustalkaboutpersonality“types”.Oneofthemostbasicpersonalitydifferencesisbetweenextroverts②andintroverts.Thesetermsareusedinmanytheoriesaboutpersonalitytypes.TheyweremadepopularbytheimportantSwisspsychiatrist③CarlJung(1875－1961),althoughhedidnotinventthem.Extroversionandintroversionarewaysofdescribingaperson'sattitudetowardstheworld:Dotheymovetowardsitorawayfromit?Extrovertsarepeoplewholookoutwards.Theyarefriendly,sociable,talkative④，

enthusiasticandself­confident.Theyareinterestedinarangeof⑤experiencesandenjoyspendingtimewithotherpeople.Theytendto⑥actfirst,thenthinklater.Whenextrovertsfeelbad,unmotivated⑦orwithoutenergy,theylookoutsidethemselves.Thismeanstheymightgoshopping,callfriendsorhaveaparty.Typicalextrovertjobsareinpolitics,sales,teachingandmanagement.Introverts,ontheotherhand,lookinwards.Theyfeelmorecomfortablealoneandenjoyideasandthinking.Theyarereserved,quiet,thoughtfulandmaybeshy.Theyliketothinkandconsiderbeforetakingaction,andwilloftenanalysebeforespeaking.Incontrastto⑧extroverts,theyvaluefewer,butdeeperexperiences.Whenfeelingbadorstressed,introvertslookinsidethemselvesforenergyandmotivation.Introvertsoftenworkasartists,writers,engineersandinventors.Althoughpersonalitytypesaredifferent,mostpeoplehavebothextrovertandintrovertcharacteristicsintheirpersonality,butoftentheyaremoreonetypethantheother.Therehasbeensomeinterestingresearchintowhypeoplearebasicallyextrovertsorintroverts.Somepeoplesaythatextrovertsandintrovertsarebornnotmade.Othersbelievethattheenvironmentismoreimportantinshapingone'spersonality.Attitudestowardsintrovertsandextrovertsvaryindifferentcultures.Forexample,Americansvalueextrovertqualities.However,culturessuchasthoseincentralEuropeandsoutheastAsiaregardintrovertcharacteristicsmorehighly.Interestingly,researchshowsthatpeoplewholiveonislandstendtobemoreintroverted.Studieshavealsofoundthatextrovertshavehigherhappinesslevelsthanintroverts.每个人都有不同的性格。正是性格让人们与众不同、独一无二。然而，一些共同的性格特质让我们可以讨论性格“类型”。最基本的性格差异之一是外向者和内向者之间的差异。这些术语被用在许多关于性格类型的理论里。著名瑞士精神病学家卡尔·荣格(1875－1961)使这些术语为人所知，尽管这些术语并不是他发明的。外向和内向是描述一个人对待世界的态度的方式：是拥抱它还是疏远它？外向型的人是向外看的人。他们友善、爱交际、健谈、热情且自信。他们对各种体验都感兴趣，喜欢与他人共度时光。他们倾向于先行动，后思考。外向型的人感到不适、没有动力或没有干劲时，他们会从自我的外部寻求解决办法。这意味着他们可能会去购物、给朋友打电话或搞聚会。典型的外向型工作涉及政治事务、销售、教学和管理。从另一方面来说，内向者向内探求。他们觉得独处更舒服，喜欢思考。他们矜持、安静、体贴，可能比较腼腆。他们喜欢先思而后行，并且经常会在发言之前进行分析。与外向者相反，他们重视数量虽少却更深刻的体验。感觉不适或有压力时，内向者会向自己内部寻求能量和动力。内向者经常从事艺术家、作家、工程师和发明家的工作。尽管性格类型不同，但大多数人在性格上都同时具有外向者和内向者的特征，但通常其中一种的特征比另一种明显。人们进行了一些有趣的研究，探索为什么大体上人有外向者和内向者之分。有些人认为外向者和内向者是天生的而不是后天形成的，其他人则认为环境对于一个人的性格塑造更为重要。人们对内向者和外向者的态度在不同文化中有所不同。例如，美国人重视外向者的品质。而中欧、东南亚的文化则更欣赏内向者的性格。有趣的是，研究表明，住在岛上的人往往更内向。研究还发现，外向者比内向者的幸福指数更高。夯实基础·一遍落实Ⅰ.单词拼写1．OnlastDecember5thourclasso________anactivitytocelebratetheInternationalVolunteerDay.2．Yourrelevantknowledgegainedintheworkplacecanhelpbeatotherc__________.3．Ourschoolisscheduledtoholdamusicfestivalnextweekend,soI'mwritings________toinviteyoutothisevent.4．Afterthe