第十二讲形容词和副词-2020高考英语总复习

第十二讲形容词和副词

一、考点梳理

1.形容词和副词的作用与位置

形容词可用来修饰名词，常被放在名词前作定语；或放在系动词后面作表语。而副词则

常作状语，用来修饰形容词、动词、其他副词或者句子，一般位于形容词之前，动词之后或

句子之首。以下属几种特殊情况，须牢记：

(1)形容词短语作定语，要后置。

ataskdifficulttofinish

(2)以字母a形头的某些形容词(asleep,awake,alive等)作定语，要后置。如amanalive。

有些表身体健康状况的形容词如well,faint,ill只作表语。sick既可作表语又可作定语，ill如

作定语意为"bad”。

(3)形容词用作定语，修饰由不定代词one,no,any,some和every构成的复合词如

anything,something等时，通常后置。

Ihavesomethingimportanttotellyou.

(4)else常用作疑问代词和不定代词的后置定语。

(5)enough修饰名词可以前置或后置；修饰形容词、动词或副词时，必须后置。

(6)几个副词并列作状语时，其顺序较灵活，但一般是：方式一地点一时间。

WehadagoodtimetogetheroutdoorslastSunday.

(7)频度副词如often,always,usually等在be动词后，行为动词前。

(8)副词作定语，要后置。

Thepersonthereiswaitingforyou.

(9)几个并列的形容词作定语，其语序通常为：限定词(包括冠词、所有格、人称代词、

指示代词、数词等)+观点词(品质、状态，即表示好、坏、美、丑等的词)+形状或样式词+

大小、长短或高低词+年龄或新旧词+颜色词+产地或来源词+材料或种类词+用途词+名

词。

aheavyblackChinesesteelumbrella

(10)以・ly结尾的词性辨析。

①下列单词以」y结尾；但却是形容词而非副词：

lively,lonely,lovely,deadly,friendly,ugly,silly,likely,brotherly,timely等。

②表原意(无-ly)和引申意(有-ly)的副词：

Jdeep深

[deeply深入地

Jwide宽广

[widely广泛地

[high高

[highly高度地

low位置低

lowly地位卑微

③有无・ly意义大不相同的副词：

dead完全，绝对bedeadasleep

<

deadly非常bedeadlytired

jpretty相当beprettycertainthat...

[prettily漂亮地beprettilydressed

close近Don'tsitclose.

<

.closely密切地Watchclosely!

[late晚，迟arrivelate,comelate

〔lately最近Ihaven'tseenhimlately(recently).

2.形容词和副词的比较等级

(1)原级的构成和用法。

构成：形容词、副词的原级即它们本身。

用法：表示双方在程度、性质、特征等某方面相等时，用“as+原级形容词/副词+as”

的结构；表示双方不相等时，用，0150(38)+原级形容词/副词+2$”的结构；表示一方是另

一方的若干倍时，用“倍数+as+原级形容词/副词+as”的结构(意为“越来越……”)。

XiaoWangisastallasXiaoYu.

Thisbuildinglooksnotso(as)highasthatone.

MissXuspeaksEnglishasfluentlyasyou.

Thisroomisthreetimesaslargeasthatone.

(2)比较级和最高级的构成。

掌握比较级和最高级的变化规则，熟记少数不符合规则的特殊形容词和副词。

(3)比较级的用法。

①表示一方超过另一方时，用“比较级+than”的结构表示。

Thispictureismorebeautifulthanthatone.

②表示一方不及另一方时，用“less+原级+than”的结构表示。

Thisroomislessbeautifulthanthatone.

③表示一方超过另一方的程度或数量时，可在比较级前加表示程度的状语，如even,a

lot,abit,alittle,still,much,far,yet,byfar等修饰。

Heworksevenharderthanbefore.

注意：(A)英语的比较级前如无even,still或yet等时，译成汉语时可用“较”或“……

一些”或不译出，一般不可用“更二

Sheisbetterthanshewasyesterday.

Pleasecomeearliertomorrow.

(B)byfar通常用于强调最高级。用于比较级时，一般放在比较级的后面，如在前面，应

在二者中间加“the”。

Heistallerbyfarthanhisbrother.

Heisbyfarthetallerofthetwobrothers.

④表示一方随另一方的程度而变化时，用“the+比较级(主语+谓语)，the+比较级(主

语+谓语)”的结构(意为"越……越……”)。

Theharderheworks,thehappierhefeels.

⑤不与其他事物相比，表示本身程度的改变时，用“比较级+and+比较级”的结构(意

为“越……越……")。

Theweatherisgettingcolderandcolder.

⑥某些以-ior结尾的形容词进行比较时，用to代替than。这些词有inferior(劣等的，次的),

superior(较好的，优于……),junior(资历较浅的),senior(资格较老的),prior(在……之前)等。

HeissuperiortoMr.Zhanginchemistry.

⑦在比较从句中为了避免重复，我们通常用that(those),one(ones)代替前面出现的名词。

that指物，one既可指人又可指物。ihai可代替可数名词单数和不可数名词，而one只能代替

可数名词。

Thebookonthetableismoreinterestingthanthat(或theone)onthedesk.

Aboxmadeofsteelisstrongerthanonemadeofwood.

⑧倍数表达法。

(A)Aisthree(four,etc.)timesthesize(height,length,etc.)ofB.

Thenewbuildingisfivetimesthesize(theheight)oftheoldone.

(B)Aisthree(four,etc.)timesasbig(high,long,etc.)asB.

AsiaisfivetimesaslargeasEurope.

(C)Aisthree(four,etc.)timesbigger(higher,longer,etc.)thanB.

Yourschoolisthreetimesbiggerthanours.

用times表倍数通常用于三倍以上，两倍可以用twice或doubleo

(4)最高级的用法。

①三者或三者以上相比，表示最高程度时，用“the+最高级”的结构表示。这种句式一

般常有表示比较范围的介词短语。

ZhangHuaisthetallestofthethree.

Heworks(the)hardestinhisclass.

②最高级可被序数词以及much,byfar,nearly,almost,bynomeans,notquite,notreally,

nothinglike等词语所修饰。

Thishatisbyfar/much/nearly/almost/notreally/bynomeans/notquite/nothinglikethe

biggest.

③表示“最高程度”的形容词，如excellent,extreme,perfect等，没有最高级，也不能用

比较级。

④形容词最高级修饰作表语或介词宾语的名词、代词时，被修饰的词往往省略。

Heisthetallest(boy)inhisclass.

⑤作状语的副词最高级前可以不加定冠词。

Ofalltheboyshecame(the)earliest.

⑥否定词+比较级=最高级

Hehasneverspentamoreworryingday.

(5)形容词和副词前面使用冠词的情况。

①形容词最高级前一般要加定冠词，副词最高级前可不加冠词。

②形容词最高级前有时加不定冠词，或不加冠词，不表比较，表示“非常”。

Heisamostcleveryoungpoliceman.(amost=very)

Thefilmismostinteresting.(most=very)

③表示两者间”较……的一个"，比较级前加the。

Whoistheolderofthetwoboys?

④在“the+比较级...，the+比较级.结构中。

Themore,thebetter.

(6)由as组成的形容词或副词短语。

①asmuchas+不可数名词数量多达

Eachstoneweighsasmuchasfifteentons.

Shecouldearnasmuchasonethousanddollarsaweek.

②asmanyas+可数名词数量多达

Ihaveasmanyassixteenreferencebooks.

③asearlyas早在

AsearlyasthetwelfthcenturytheEnglishbegantoinvadetheisland.

④asfaras远到；就...而知（论）

Wemightgoasfaras（走至lj）thechurchandback.

AsfarasIknow（就我所知）,hehasbeentherebefore.

@may（might,could）aswell不妨,不如

Thenyoumightaswellstaywithushere.

©as...asonecan尽某人所能的...

Theyareasunreliableastheycanbe.

Hebegantorun,asfastashecould.

⑦as...aspossible尽可能...的

Justgetthemtofinishupasquicklyaspossible.

3.几组重要的词语辨析

（l）very和much的区别。

①可分等级的形容词和副词前使用very不用much。

②表示状态的过去分词前用veryo如averyfrightenedboy,averytiredchild,avery

complicatedproblemo

一般情况下，以-ing,-ed结尾的分词多用much,verymuch/greatly等修饰。

WeweregreatlyshockedbythenewsaboutTom.

IwasmuchamusedbyJack'sattitude.

③已转化为形容词的现在分词前用veryo如：veryinteresting/worrying/excitingo

©too前用much,alot或far,不用very。如：Youaremuch/far/alottoonice.另夕卜，在too

many/much,toofew/little前用far。

There'sfartoolittleopportunityforadventurethesedays.

We*vegotfartoomanyeggsandfartoofeweggcups.

⑤关于原级形容词要记住下列固定的修饰词：(a)修饰绝对意义的形容词，一般不用very,

而用quite,completely,well,entirelyo如：quitewrong(mistaken,sure),completelydead,quite

impossible,quiteperfect等。(b)修饰以a-开头的形容词,通常用quite,wide,fast,verymucho

如：quitealone,verymuchalone,wideawake,fastasleep,verymuchafraido(c)——些特殊形容

词的修饰词有：will,quite,freezing,terribly。如wellworth,freezingcold,quitedifferent,tembly

cold/frighteningo

(2)so...that…与such...that...的区别。

〃so+形容词/副词+that...

so+形容词+a(n)+可数名词单数+that...

so+many/few+复数名词+that...

<so+much/little(少)+不可数名词+that...

such+a(n)+形容词+可数名词单数+that...

<such+形容词+不可数名词+that...

、such+形容词+复数名词+that…

注意：下列结构中只能用so不可用such,当名词前有many,much,little,few等表示“多、

少”的词修饰时，如somuchprogress,somanypeople,solittlefood,sofewapples等。但当

little表示“小"时用sucho如：Thesearesuchlittleboysthattheycan'tdressthemselves.下歹(J

so的用法是错误的：soadifficultproblem,sodifficultproblems,sohotweather。

(3)其他几组词的辨析。

©ago,before：ago表示以现在为起点的“以前"；before指以过去或将来的某时刻为起

点的“以前”。泛指“以前”用before而不用ago。

©already,yet,still：already表示某事已经发生；yet表示期待某事发生；still表示某事还

在进行，主要用于肯定句。

③too,also,either：too和also用于肯定句，too多用于口语，also多用于书面语，either用

于否定句。

©good,well：与good不同的是,well作形容词，只能在系动词后作表语，表示“身体状

况好”，也作副词修饰动词。

⑤quick,fast：作形容词皆表示“快”。fast多指运动的物体，含持续的意思。quick多

指一次动作的敏捷、突然，而且持续的时间较短。

©real,true：作形容词皆表示“真的"。real强调真实存在的而不是幻想的，在句中常作

定语；irue指与事实标准和实际情况相符合，在句中作表语或定语。

©hard,difficult：均表示“困难”，但hard通常指体力上困难；difficult则指智力或技能

上的困难，困难程度大于hard。它们都可作定语和表语。

二、课堂习题

1.12018届南京市、盐城市高三一模】

ThemovieCocowrapstwothemespursuingdreams,andhowwerememberloved

ones--inacolorful,culturallyspecificpackage.

A.contemporaryB.religiousC.historicalD.universal

2.【2018届南京市、盐城市高三一模】

-Whataboutaself-drivetriptoTibetthiswintervacation?

一Itsoundsmarvelous,butIwon'tbeavailableatthattime.

A.simplyB.equallyC.firmlyD.merely

3.【江苏省南通、泰州市2018届高三一模】

Thesefiguresshouldbe,forevenaminorerrorcancostusmillionsofdollars.

A.preciseB.flexibleC.optionalD.approximate

4.【苏北四市2018年高三第一次调研】

FengXiaogang'slatestfilmYouth,nowaboxofficehit,scheduledforreleaseonSept

29,washeldbackfortwomonths.

A.casuallyB.originallyC.temporarilyD.eventually

5.12018常州一模】

-WhatistheprincipalcontradictionfacingChinesesocietynowadays?

一Thecontradictionbetweendevelopmentandthepeople'sever-growingneedsfora

betterlife.

A.sustainableB.inadequateC.privilegedD.confidential

6.12018苏州一模】

ApilotqualifiedforAircraftCarrierLiaoninghastobementallyandphysicallystrong,possess

flyingskillsandbefullydedicatedtohiscareer.

A.arbitraryB.confidentialC.extraordinaryD.voluntary

7.12018无锡一模】

Idon'tagreeoneverythingthatTrumpsays,buthe'sbeeninhismessageabout

bringingmanufacturingbacktotheUnitedStates,bringingthecashbacktotheUnitedStates.

A.dynamicB.consistentC.compulsoryD.ambiguous

8.【2018扬州一模】

Eventhoughshepretendstobefine,hersmilecannothidehersorrow.

A.authenticB.artificialC.confidentialDcontroversial

9.12018镇江一模】

Tobe,theyhavetothinkaboutthefutureanddealwiththeproblemsinvolvingwaste

water.

A.sustainableB.authenticC.criticalD.innocent

10.【镇江市2019届高三年级第一次模拟】

Iwishyouwouldn'tbeso;youmakefacesateverythingIsay.

A.weirdB.politeC.reluctantD.serious

11.12019届三市(徐州淮安连云港)一模英语】

ThelargepassengeraircraftC919AC101,independentlydesignedanddevelopedbyChina,

turnedouttobeahugesuccess.

A.controversialB.contradictoryC.commercialD.compulsory

12.【2019年江苏省扬州市高三英语期末】

Thespokesman'sremarkshelpclarifyanstatementissuedearlierthisweek.

A.ambiguousB.ambitiousC.arbitraryD.authentic

13.【江苏省常州市2019届高三第一次模拟考试】

-WhynotturntoKevin?Hesawwhathappened,sohisistheonlyaccount.

一Theproblemisthathehasrefusedtosayanythingabouttheaccident.

A.tentativeB.controversialC.authenticD.arbitrary

14.【江苏省常州市2019届高三第一次模拟考试】

Thoughscientistsgetclosertounderstandingwhyweage,thereasonfordifferentagingrates

amongindividualsremainsonlyunderstood.

A.concretelyB.thoroughlyC.vaguelyD.flexible

15.【南京市盐城市2019届高三年级第一次模拟】

Herdoctorindicatedthatevenaddinga(n)amountofdailyexercisewoulddramatically

improveherhealth.

A.modestB.equalC.considerableD.exact

16.【南京市盐城市2019届高三年级第一次模拟】

Computer-controlledrobotsaretakingoverjobsinmanyindustries,whichusedtobedone

A.artificiallyB.manuallyC.comprehensivelyD.gradually

17.【苏州市2018-2019学年第一学期期末】

Thevasewasquitesowehadtowrapitinsoftmaterialbeforewesenditbypost.

A.fragileB.flexibleC.fragrantD.false

18.【泰州市2018-2019学年度高三上学期第一次调研】

Toensureacorrectunderstandingofthenewregulations,weneedtoclarifysomepoints

ofviewandputthesystemintopractice.

A.artificialB.arbitraryC.ambiguousD.absolute

19.【泰州市2018-2019学年度高三上学期第一次调研】

TheautobiographyBecomingbyMichelleObama,aboutherlifeintheWhiteHouse,

soldwellonceonthemarket.

A.definitelyB.essentiallyC.initiallyD.accurately

20.【无锡市普通高中2019年一模】

一It'samazingthatanAustraliangirlsailedaroundtheworldaloneinabout200days.

一That'saninspiringstory.Hercourageisreally.

A.acceptableB.adjustableC.admirableD.accessible

21.【无锡市普通高中2019年一模】

Thenewsurveyshowsthatthenumberofstudentscomputergameshasbeen

increasinginrecentyears.

A.accustomedtoB.absorbedtoC.adaptedtoD.addictedto

三、课后习题

（一）单项选择

1.（2017•南京高三三模）Iftheythrowstonesatyou,don'tthrowback.Usethemtobuildyour

ownfoundation.

A.somehowB.anywayC.insteadD.nevertheless

2.（2017•通、扬、泰、淮高三三模）Whatmadethemmissthedeadlinewasnottheirlackoffunding,

buttheirlackofplanning.

A.evenB.stillC.ratherD.ever

3.（2017•苏锡常镇高三三模）Themanwasinaconditionwithsevereinjuriestohislegs

afterbeingattackedbyasharkinfarnorthQueensland.

A.SkepticalB.criticalC.practicalD.physical

4.（2017・无锡高三一模）一HaveyouheardthatJackhasbeenpromotedtosalesmanager

recently?

一It*snothingtobesurprisedat.Thereasonwhyhehaswonthetrustofcustomersisthat

hehasa/anattitude.

A.changeableB.flexibleC.movableD.alternate

5.（2017•连云港、宿迁、徐州高三三模）Insteadofhidingbehindwalls,adefendersometimes

mustengageanddisableenemyforcesbeforetheystrike.

A.flexiblyB.activelyC.primitivelyD.conservatively

6.（江苏省名校高三入学摸底卷（考点卷一））oftheinaccuracyoftheanswergiven,he

turnedtotheprofessortomakesure.

A.IgnorantB.SuspiciousC.TolerantD.Confident

7.（江苏省名校高三入学摸底卷（考点卷二））Generally,thecompanyhasapreferenceforthose

whohaveexperienceandskillsinthejob.

A.uniqueB.previousC.unforgettableD.appropriate

8.（江苏省名校高三入学摸底卷（题型卷））Shesaidthosegirlsarevery.Thatmeans

theycareaboutpeoplefacingproblems.

A.cautiousB.generousC.sympatheticD.positive

9.（2017•南京市四校第一学期联考试题）SometimesMr.Seymourdidn'tknowwhattodowith

hisvacanttime.Hisvacationplanwasrather.

A.absurdB.vagueC.concreteD.extensive

10.（江苏省四星级学校2017年4月联考）Comparedwiththelongstandingfriendshipbetween

thetwocountries,theirboundarydisputeisonlyaissue.

A.sensitiveB.controversialC.politicalD.temporary

11.（2017江苏省高考名校联考信息优化卷（一））Allstudentswanttoenrichtheirknowledge,

butIbelievethatmoststudentstodaywantthatknowledgetobetotheirfuture

careers.

A.relevantB.faithfulC.preferableD.sensitive

12.（2017♦江苏省高考名校联考信息优化卷（二））Justadecadeago,onlyahandfuloftheChinese

couldaffordatripabroad,butnowadaysithasbecomeaverything.

A.meaningfulB.popularC.commonD.challenging

13.（2017•江苏省高考名校联考信息优化卷（三））Bigbusinessfailureasheisfacedwith,he

remainsandbelievesthingswillbemuchdifferentnexttime.

A.considerateB.elegantC.patientD.optimistic

14.（2017•江苏省高考名校联考信息优化卷（四））Theratingswerenotwidelysupported,forthey

werebasedonthejudgementofoneperson.

A.reasonableB.subjectiveC.universalD.accurate

15.（2017•江苏省高考名校联考信息优化卷（五））Forthesakeofusall,weshould

beparticipantsintheprotectionofwaterresources.

A.curiousB.activeC.punctualD.stubborn

16.（2017•江苏省高考名校联考信息优化卷（九））Howcanyouhaveagoodimpressionofa

doctorwhodoesn*tgiveyouinstructionsonwhenandhowtotakethemedicine?

A.ambiguousB.explicitC.originalD.impressive

17.（2017•江苏省高考名校联考信息优化卷（十））Thesentence“Lookatthoseprettylittlegirls,

dresses^^is,becauseitisnotclearwhetherthegirlsorthedressesare“pretty”.

A.comprehensiveB.ambiguousC.contradictoryD.explicit

18.（江苏省名校高三入学摸底卷（题型卷））TheminicomputerhasWiFi,ahugememoryand

super-fastprocessor.,it'ssosmallthatitfitsinashirtpocket.

A.ThereforeB.HoweverC.MoreoverD.Rather

19.（江苏省2017届高三第二学期六校联考）Althoughagorillawon'ttalk,itcanuse

bodylanguagetoanswerbackandforth.ltisthesamewiththewaytheotheranimals

communicate.

A.moreoverB.neverthelessC.somehowD.therefore

20.（2017•江苏省高考名校联考信息优化卷（六））Spendingtimeinanotherculturewillchange

thewayyoulookatlife.,spreadingloveispartoftheappealofvolunteeringabroad.

A.SomehowB.BesidesC.OtherwiseD.Therefore

21.（2017•江苏省高考名校联考信息优化卷（六））Shewasgoingtostartanewlifeasa

freshman.Butherstorycametoa（n）endasshediedofaheartattackafterlosingher

tuitionfees.

A.complexB.unfortunateC.abstractD.casual

22.（2017•江苏省高考名校联考信息优化卷（八））Theparentsdecidetogrowthewaterplantin

a（n）glassbottlesothattheirchildrencanseetherootsgrowing.

A.preciousB.environmentalC.delicateD.transparent

23.（2016—2017学年江苏省启东中学高三上学期第一次月考）Itisonethingtoenjoylistening

togoodmusic,butitisanothertoplayitwellyourself.

A.quiteB.veryC.ratherD.much

24.（2016—2017学年江苏省南京师范大学附属实验学校高三第一学期期中检测）Chinamay

aswellkeepitsgrowthrateabove7percent.，theratemaybesetbetween6to7

percent,forthesakeofahealthyenvironment.

A.DifferentlyB.AlternativelyC.AccordinglyD.Conversely

25.（2016—2017学年江苏省南通市如东县、徐州市丰县高三10月联考）Ratherthanstickingto

theprinciplesstubbornly,Chinaisnowadoptinganewconceptineconomicpoliciesin

a/anwaythatshowsitsowncharacteristics.

A.sustainableB.flexibleC.invisibleD.available

（二）阅读理解

A

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affcrrdcibbthctrxever

“Inthepastgoingtothedentistwasn\alwayseasy,buttodayitIS!Newdentaltechnologies

likeairabrasion（研磨）meanupto80%ofpatientsdon'tevenneedashot!Other

state-of-the-artadvancementstnakeyourtreatmentcompletelycomfortable.Callmeifyouwant

gentle,affordabledentalcare.0

—Dr.JohnB.Gentle

TotalFamilyCareConveniences

EChildrenverywelcome324houremergencytreatment

AComfortableultrasoniccleanings8CableTVineveryroom

ASealantstopreventholes当Freesecondopinion

Fluoridetreatments自Prepaymentdiscounts

占Lifelikefalseteethandpartials当Interestfreefinancing

Tomorrow'sDentistryToday8Insuranceaccepted

$Airabrasionmeansdentistrywithout当Creditcardsandonlinepay

drillsorneedles!accepted

於In-mouthcameraexaminationprovidesCallnowforyourfree

unmatcheddiagnosticandtreatmentin-mouthcamera

examination:

accuracy123-4567

1500IvlainStreet

&ComputerimagingshowstheresultsBigTTowrie

beforeworkisdone

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1SOOStreet

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©Teethwhitening—fastresults,very

affordableJohnB.Gentle,DMD

-BachelorofScience,Biology,

UniversityofScranton,1976

©Mercury（汞）-free,whitefillings—

-DMD,UniversityofPennsylvania,1980

matchesyournaturalteeth-Memberof:

AmericanDemalAssociation

©PorcelaincrownsforstainedorAmericanAcademyofCosmeticDentistry

InternationalAssociationofOrthodontics

bad-lookingteeth

©Naturallooking,durable

56.Whomightbemostinterestedinthisadvertisement?

A.Thosewhowanttoreceivetoothtreatment.

B.Thosewhowanttobecomedentists.

C.Thosewhowanttoselltoothmedicalequipment.

D.Thosewhowanttowriteanarticleontoothcare.

57.Accordingtotheadvertisement,thosewhomaygotothedentisfsareprobablyattractedby

A.freeemergencytreatmentB.cheapestnatural-lookingcosmetics

C.newdentaltechnologiesD.discountedin-mouthcameraexamination

B

①OnafieldroughlythesizeofanAmericanfootballfield,aplayerwearinga

helmetavoidsadefender.Hethenswingsastickwithanetonitsendtowardthegoal.This

sweepingmotionsendsarubberballflyingfromthenetpastagoalkeeperforascore.

②Theplayer-pumpinghisfistsincelebration-hasjustscoredagoalinlacrosse,

asportthathaselementsofhockey,soccerandAmericanfootball.Butlacrossediffersfromthose

sportsinitsuniquemixtureofsticking-handlingskillsandphysicalcontact.Oftenreferredtoas

“thefastestgameontwofeeC,lacrosseissuchanexcitingsportthatnewfansandplayersquickly

findthemselveshooked.

Inmen'slacrosse,twoteamsof10playerscompeteoverfourperiodslasting15minuteseach.

Exceptthegoalkeeper,eachteamfieldsthreeattackmen,threemid-fieldersandthreedefensemen.

Asinsoccer,playerscannottouchtheballwiththeirhands.Soplayersusetheirstick,calleda

crosse,tokeeptheballinplay.Whilerunningacrossthefield,theycradletheballinthenet,

competingtoshootalacrosseballintotheopposingteam'sgate.

Themoderngameoflacrosseoriginatedfromthelong-stickgameplayedbytheIroquois（易

洛魁人）.Mohawks,partoftheIroquoisnation,taughtthegametoFrenchCanadiansinMontreal

in1750.ThisledtoaseriesofcontestsbetweentheIroquoisandtheCanadianswiththeIroquois

winning17yearsinarow.Althoughtheylostthegames,theCanadianplayersneverfalter（犹豫）

theirloveofthegame.③

InAmerica,lacrosseisthefastest-growingsportatboththehighschoolandcollegelevels.

Somecoacheshavesaidthispopularitymaybeduetotwofactors——thegame'srelativesafety

comparedwithothersportsanditsfast-pacedaction.PrepschoolcoachBobShriversays,"It's

justfun...Ithasmorescoringthansoccer,morepeoplethanbasketball.Itjustgetsinyoursoul.”

Apparently,passionforlacrosseisn'tlimitedtoAmerica.Thenumberofmembercountriesin

theFederationofInternationallacrossehasgrownto51.Membersincludesuchdiversecountries

asUganda,JamaicaandMalaysia,whichprovesthatoncesomeonegrabsacrosse,theywillget

hooked!

58.WherecanthesentenceToday,lacrosseisknownasCanadaofficialsummersport!,f

mostprobablybeput?

A.①B.②C.③D.0

59.WhatisParagraph3mainlyabout?

A.Thebasicrulesoflacrosse.B.Lastingtimeoflacrosse.

C.Thecharacteristicsoflacrosse.D.Differentplayersoflacrosse.

60.Whatisthepurposeofthepassage?

A.Toshowusthepopularityoftheexcitinglacrosse.

B.Tointroducetousapopularsportoflacrosse.

C.TDinformusoftheoriginandhistoryoflacrosse.

D.Torevealthesignificanceofthesportoflacrosse.

C

Aperson'schancesoffallingillfromanewstrain（菌株）offluareatleastpartlydetermined

bythefirststraintheyevermetwith,astudysuggests.

ResearchinScienceJournallookedatthe18strainsofinfluenzaA（甲型流感）andthe

hemagglutininprotein（红血凝集素蛋白）onitssurface.Theysaythereareonlytwotypesof

thisproteinandpeopleareprotectedfromtheonetheirbodymeetsfirst,butatriskfromtheother

one.

AUKexpertsaidthatcouldexplaindifferentpatternsinflupandemics（流行病）.

Theresearchers,fromUniversityofArizonainTucsonandtheUniversityofCalifornia,Los

Angeles,suggesttheirfindingscouldexplainwhysomefluoutbreakscausemoredeathsand

seriousillnessesinyoungerpeople.Thefirsttimeaperson*simmunesystemmeetsafluvirus,it

makesantibodiestargetinghemagglutininproteinthatsticksoutofthesurfaceofthevirus—like

alollipop（棒棒糖）.

Eventhoughthereare18typesofinfluenzaA,thereare