2023年考研英语一真题及答案解析

2023年全国硕士研究生招生考试

SectionIUseofEnglish

Directions:

Readthefollowingtext.Choosethebestword(s)foreachnumberedblankandmark

A,B,CorDonANSWERSHEET.(lOpoints)

CaravanseraiswereroadsideinnsthatwerebuiltalongtheSilkRoadinareasincluding

China,NorthAfricaandtheMiddleEast.TheyweretypicallyIoutsidethewallsofacityorvillage

andwereusuallyfundedbygovemments_2

Thisword"Caravanserais'lsa3ofthePersianword“karvan”,whichmeansagroupof

travellersoracaravan,andseray,apalaceorenclosedbuilding.ThePermcaravanwasused

to4_groupsofpeoplewhotravelledtogetheracrosstheancientnetworkforsafetyreasons^

5merchants,travellersorpilgrims.

Fromthe10thcenturyonwards,asmerchantandtravelroutesbecomemore

developed,the6oftheCaravanseraisincreasedandtheyservedasasafeplacefor

peopletorestatnightTravellersontheSilkRoad7possibilityofbeingattackedby

thievesorbeing8toextremeconditions.Forthisreason,Caravanseraiswere

strategicallyplaced9theycouldbereachedinaday'strveltime.

Caravanseraisservedasaninformal_10_pointforthevariouspeoplewhotravelledtheSilk

16[A]Rather[B]Indeed[C]Otherwise[D]However

17[A]goinfor[B]standardup[D]stockupon

for[C]loseinon[D]implied

18[A]believed[B]predicted[C]recalled

19[A]until[B]because[C]unless[D|although

[B]debt

20[A]ruims[C]fashion[D]series

l.Clocated

2.Aprivately

3.Btransition

4.Cdescribe

5.Csuchas

6.Aconstruction

7.Bfaced

8.Bsubjected

9.Asothat

10.Dmeeting

ll.DAsaresult

12.Cexchange

13.Caswellas

14.Binfluencing

15.Aaided

communicationsstrategistattheTexasFreedomNetwork,anon-profitgroupthatmonitors

publiceducation,"WhatmillionsofTexaskidslearnintheirpublicschoolsisdeterminedtoo

oftenbythepoliticalideologyofpartisanboardmembers,ratherthanfactsandsound

scholarship."

SuchdebatereflectsfiercediscussionsacrosstheUSandaroundtheworld,as

researchers,policymakers,teachersandstudentsstepupdemandsforagreaterfocuson

teachingaboutthefactsofclimatechangeinschools.

AstudylastyearbytheNationalCenterforScienceEducation,anon-profit

groupofscientissandteachers,lookingathowstatepublicschoolsacrossthecountryaddress

climatechangeinscienceclasses,gavebarelyhalfof'USstatesagradeB+orhigher.Among

the10worstperformersweresomeofthemostpopulousstates,includingTexas,whichwas

giventhelowestgrade(F)andhasadisproportionateinfluencebecauseitstextbooksare

widelysoldelsewhere.

GlennBranch,thecentre'sdeputydirector;cautionsthatsettingstate-levelscience

standardsisonlyonelimitedbenchmarkinacountrythatdecentralisesdecisionstolocal

schoolboards.Evenifastateisconsideredahighperformerinitssciencestandards,"that

doesnotmeanitwillbetaught",hesays.

Anotherissueisthatwhileclimatechangeiswellintegratedintosomesubjectsandat

someages-suchasearthandspacesciencesinhighschools-itisnotaswellrepresentedin

curriculaforyoungerchildrenandinsubjectsthataremorewidelytaught,suchasbiology

andchemistry.Itisalsolessprominentinmanysocialstudiescourses.

Branchpointsoutthat,evenifagrowingnumberofofficialguidelinesand

textbooksreflectscientificconsensusonclimatechange,unofficialeducationalmaterialsthat

conveymoreslanted

24.AccordingtoBranch,state-levelsciencestandardsintheUS

[A]calIforregularrevision

B]requireurgentapplication

|C]havelimitedinfluence

[D]catertolocalneeds

c

25.ltisimpliedinthelastparagraphthatclimatechangeteachinginsomeschools

[A]agreetomajorpublicdemands

[B]reflectsteacherspersonalbias

[C]maymisrepresenttheenergysector

[D|canbeswayedbrexternalforces

D

Text2

Communitiesthroughouttheregionhavebeenattemptingtoregulateshort-termrentalssince

siteslikeAirbnbtookoffinthe2010s.Now,withrecord-highhomepricesandhistoricallylowinventory,

there'sanincreasedurgencyinsuchregulation,particularlyamongthosewhoworythatdevelopers

willcomeinandbuyupswathsofhousingtoflipforafortuneontheshort-termrentalmarket.

InNewHampshire,wheretherentalvacancyratehasdroppedbelowIpercent,housing

andopensthepotentialforlocaltaxesontopofanewstatelevy,"theGlobereported.

Bostontookthingsevenfurther,limitingwhoisauthorizedtorentouttheirhome,and

requiringrenterstoregisterwiththecity'sInspectionalServicesDepartment

Hornsaidsimilarregistrationrequirementscouldbenefitotherstruggling

citiesandtowns.Theonlywaytosolvetheissue,however,isbycreatingmorehousing"Ifwe

wanttomakeachangeinthehousingmarket,themainoneiswehavetobuildalotmore."

26.WhichofthefollowingistrueofNewEngland?

[A]Itshousingsupplyisataverylowlevel

[B]Itscommunitiesareinneedoffunding

[C]ltsrentalvacancyrateisgoingupslowly.

[D]ltshomepricesreunderstrictcontrol.

A

27.ThebillmentionedinParagraph2wasintendedto

[A]curbshort-termrentalspeculation.

[B]ensurethesupplyofcheaphousing

[C]punishillegaldealingsinhousing

[D]allowafreeshort-termrentalmarket.

D

Text3

Ifyou'reheadingforyournearestbranchofWaterstonesinsearchoftheDuchessof

Sussex'snewchildren'sbookTheBench,youmighthavetobepreparedtohuntaroundabit,

thesamemaybetrueofThePresident'sDaughter,thenewthrillerbyBillClintonandJames

Patterson.BothofthesebooksarepublishednextweekbyPenguinRandomHouse,a

companycurrentlyinvolvedinastand-offwithWaterstones.

Theproblembeganlatelastyear,whenPenguinRandomHouseconfirmedthatithad

introducedacreditlimitwithWaterstones"ataverysignificantlevel".Thetrademagazine

TheBooksellerreportedthatWaterstonesbranchmanagerswerebeingtoldtoremovePRH

booksfromprominentareassuchastables,displayspacesandwindows,andwerequietly

retiringthemtotheirrelevantsections".

PRHdeclinedtocommentontheissue,butaspokespersonforWaterstonestold

me:"WaterstonesarecurrentlyoperatingwithreducedcredittermsfromPRH,theonly

publisherintheUKtoplaceanylimitationsonourabilitytotrade.Wearenotboycotting

PRHtitlesbutwearedoingourutmosttoensurethatavailabilityforcustomersremains

gooddespitetheloweroveralllevelsofstock.Wedothisgenerallybygivingtheirtilesless

prominentpositioningwithinourbookshops."Wearehopefulwithourshopsnowopen

againthatnormalitywillreturnandthatwewillbeallowedtobuyappropriately.Certainly,

ourshopsareexceptional!busyandbooksalesareverystrong.ThesalesforourMayBooks

oftheMonthsurpassedanymonthsince2018.”

Inthemeantime,PRHauthorshavebeenthelosers-ashavecustomers,who

mightexpectthenewtitlesfromthecountry'sbiggestpublishertobeprominentlydisplayed

byitsbiggestbook

32.WhydidWaterstonesshopsrefirePRHbookstotheirrelevantsections?

[A]Tomakethemeasilynoticeable

[B]TocomplywithPRH'srequirement

|C|TorespondtoPRH'sbusinessmove

[D]Toarrangetheminsystematicway

c

33.WhatmessgedoesthespokespersonforWaterstonesseemtoconvey?

[A]Theircustomersremainloyal

[B]Thecreditlimitwillberemoved

[C]Theirstockisunderestimated.

[D]Thebookmarketisratherslack

A

34.Whatcanbeoneconsequenceofthecurrentdispute?

[A]Salesofbooksbymid-listPRHwritersfalloffconsiderably.

[B]Lesser-knownPRHwritersbecomethetargetofcriticism

[C]Waterstonesstaffhesitatetopromotebig-nameauthor'sbooks

[D]Waterstonesbranchessufferaseverereductioninrevenue.

A

actasmilkcowswhereeverysinglearticleinanissuemayciteaspecificpaperoraseriesofpapers.lnsomeinstances,thereisabsolutelynorelationshipbetweenthecontent

ofthearticleandthecitations.Thepeculiarpartisthatthejournalthattheeditorissupposedlyworkingforisnotprofitingatall-itisjustprovidingcitationstootherjournals.

Suchpracticescanleadanarticletoaccruemorethan150citatonsinthesameyearthatitwaspublished.

Howinsidiousisthistypeofcitationmanipulation?Inoneexample,anindividual-

actingasauthor,editor,andconsultant-wasabletouseatleast15journalsascitation

providerstoarticlespublishedbyfivescientistsatthreeuniversities.Theproblemisrampant

inScopus,acitationdatabase,whichincludesahighnumberofthenew"international"

journals.Infact,alistinginScopusseemstobeacriteriontobetargetedinthistypeofcitation

manipulation.

Scopusitselfhasallthedatanecessarytodetectthismalpractice.Redflagsincludea

largenumberofcitationstoanarticlewithinthefirstyear.Andforauthorswhowishto

steerclearofcitationcartelactivities:whenaneditorareviewer;orasupportserviceasks

youtoaddinappropriatereferences,donotobligeanddoreporttherequesttothejournal.

36.AccordingtoParagraph1,thecareersofscentistscanbedeterminedby

[A]howmanycitationstheirworkscontain

[B]howmanytimestheirpapersarecited

[C]theprestigeofthepeopletheyworkwith

[D]thestatustheyhaveinscientificcircles

B

4O.WhatShouldanauthordotodealwithcitationmanipulators?

[A]Takelegalaction

[B]Demandanapology.

[C]Seekprofessionaladvice

D|Revealtheirmisconduct

PartB

Directions:

Inthefollowingtext,somesentenceshavebeenremoved.ForQuestions41-

45,choosethemostsuitableonefromthelistA-Htofitintoeachofthe

numberedblanks.MarkyouranswersonANSWERSHEET.(10points)

[A]Thisyearmarksthe150thanniversaryofaseriesofYellowstonephotographsbythe

renownedlandscapephotogapherWilliamHenryJackson.Hecapturedthefirst-evershotsof

iconiclandmarkssuchastheTetons,OldFaithfulandtheColoradoRockiesJacksonsnapped

themonalate19th-centuryexpeditionthroughtheYellowstoneBasinthatwasconducted

bytheheadoftheU.S.GeologicalandGeographicalSurveyoftheTerritories,FerdinandV.

Hayden.Theteamincludedameteorologist,azoologist,amineralogist,andanagricultural

statistician.

alYalOSMOIealHuESA与管212aalSSlUAInsTatmioOuaaUOInPNEEol培看

WialEASIOSIEACUISGilsASownfau

a2ualneTa

JEUAUIn2ous

PpoldaA

SfiaulS

TEoduSOIdH

SAMIpatiean

aHuiAduouT

一TCT1^电电uu2AS

二ISloitnaNSfloaumoMG6aaSI

aT

A电N

SOIRLsPI

HICINIOOTP0

UITtTO

alSENSIro

UECISOIELa

SOSla

LEalSTPealaU

0ue02auIaLos

PiodiinPaon1Z8IEu2DSM0IiIaodnAOSInuafcIA

TAUUG6TSan

fcalo音Ia

iior

SHIEUSR21a

曾FOIPRS90r

FuaA言

EMaASE)dT-

FaLasIaoii

diraaNTOateiooiIOIYSIOALPoaSLIEAPnEHupUIOSmoauoSMOIe09彳

普

T0ISEaIPASat2SollNaAsaTOISaAIGrB

住8

SIOUaAIU

X

■iSILis国ESI2詈AalHuMOI

(CuetO)LEEISHENSNFalUOilRAUUAINAA

PTOEOESEIJoI2RI

andsitesvisited,todisplaymarketingmessagesinappropriateformsjncludingemails,

socialmediaposts,pop-upadvertisements,andbannersatanappropriatefrequency.

(50)Thenon-intrusivedeliveryofthemarketingmessagesinawaythatissensitiveto

theneedsofthetarRetcustomerisoneofthecriticalchallengestothedigitalmarketer.

(46)AlcanalsobeusedtoidentifythelifestyleschoicesofcustomersreRardinxtheir

hobbies.favoritecelebrities,andfashionstoprovideuniquecontentinmarketing

messagesputoutthroughsocialmedia.

人工智能还可以用来识别出消费者生活方式的选择，包括他们的爱好、最喜欢的名人和时

尚，从而通过社交媒体发布的营销信息来提供独特的内容。

(47)SomebelievethatAlisnegatively

impactingonthemarketer'srolebyreducing

creativityandremovinHjobs,buttheyace

awarethatitisawayofreducingcostsand

creatingnewinformation.——些人认为,人工

智能通过减少创造力和工作机会对营销人

员产生了负面影响，但他们也意识到，这是

一种降低成本和创造新信息的方式。

(48)Algorithmsusedtosimulate

humaninteractiorsarecreatingmanyofthese

concerns,especiallyasno-oseisquitesure

whattheoutcomesofusingAltointeractwith

customerswillbe.用于模拟人际互动的算

法正在引发许多此类担忧，尤其是没有人

非常确定使用人工智能与客户互动会有什

么结果。

Notice

Dec24th,2022

ThenoticeistorecruitastudentforProf.Smithresearchprojectoncampussportsactiitiesand

specifythedutiesandrequirementsofthisjob.

Tobeginwith,whatyouneedtopaycloseattentiontoisthatthemaindutyofthepositionrequires

thatyoucancollectandanalyzethedataoncampussportsactivities.Inadditiontothat,youwillbe

responsiblefororganizingthedailymeetingswithProfessorSmithandothermembersanddealingwith

theproblemsonthecampussportsactivitiesindependently.Mostimportantly,youshouldbeextremely

organized,enthusiastic,andpatient,andexpertatcommunicationalskills.

ThedeadlineforregistrationisJanuary31st,2023.Ifyouhaveanyquestionsorneedhelp,please

telephone1234567orcontactusatsports@123.combyemail.