2020考研英语一真题及解析

2020年研究生入学统一考试试题（英语一）

SectionIUseofEnglish

Directions：

Readthefollowingtext.Choosethebestword(s)foreachnumberedblankandmarkA,B,CorDonthe

ANSWERSHEET.(10points)

Eveniffamiliesdon'tsitdowntoeattogetherasfrequentlyasbefore,millionsofBritonswillnonetheless

havegotasharethisweekendofoneofthatnation'sgreattraditions;theSundayroast.—1_acoldwinter'sday,

fewculinarypleasurescan2it.Yetaswereportnow,thefoodpolicearedeterminedourhealth.That

this_3—shouldberenderedyetanotherguiltypleasure_4_todamageourhealth.

TheFoodStandardsAuthority(FSA)has_5—apublicwarningabouttherisksofacompoundcalled

acrylamidethatformsinsomefoodscooked_6_hightemperatures.Thismeansthatpeopleshould_7_

crispingtheirroastpotatoes,spurnthin-crustpizzasandonly_8_toasttheirbread.Butwhereistheevidenceto

supportsuchalarmistadvice?_9_studieshaveshownthatacrylamidecancauseneurologicaldamageinmice,

thereisno_10—evidencethatitcausescancerinhumans.

Scientistssaythecompoundis"_11_tobecarcinogenic*'buthavenohardscientificproof._12_the

precautionaryprinciple,itcouldbearguedthatitis_13_tofollowtheFSAadvice.—14—,itwasrumoredthat

smokingcausedcancerforyearsbeforetheevidencewasfoundtoprovea_15_.

Doubtlessapieceofboiledbeefcanalwaysbe_16—uponSundayalongsidesomesteamedvegetables,

withouttheYorkshirepuddingandnowine.Butwouldlifebeworthliving?_17—,theFSAsaysitisnottelling

peopletocutoutroastfoods_18_,buttoreducetheirlifetimeintake.However,their_19_riskscoming

acrossasexhortationandnannying.Constanthealthscaresjust_20_withnoonelistening.

1.[A]In[B]Towards[C]On[D]Till

2.[A]match[B]express[C]satisfy[D]influence

3.[A]patience[B]enjoyment[C]surprise[D]concern

4.[A]intensified[B]privileged[C]compelled[DIguaranteed

5.[A]issued[B]received[C]ignored[D]canceled

6.[A]under[B]at[C]for[D]by

7.[A]forget[B]regret[C]finish[D]avoid

8.[A]partially[B]regularly[C]easily[D]initially

9.[A]Unless[B]Since[C]If[D]While

10.[A]secondary[B]external[C]inconclusive[D]negative

11.[A]insufficient[B]bound[C]likely[D]slow

12.[A]Onthebasisof[B]Atthecostof[C]Inadditionto[D]Incontrastto

13.[A]interesting[B]advisable[C]urgent[D]fortunate

14.[A]Asusual[B]Inparticular[C]Bydefinition[D]Afterall

15.[A]resemblance[B]combination[C]connection[D]pattern

16.[A]made[B]served[C]saved[D]used

17.[A]Tobefair[B]Forinstance[C]Tobebrief[D]ingeneral

18.[A]reluctantly[B]entirely[C]gradually[D]carefully

19.[A]promise[B]experience[C]campaign[D]competition

20.[A]followup[B]pickup[C]openup[D]endup

SectionIIReadingComprehension

PartA

Directions:

Readthefollowingfourtexts.AnswerthequestionsbeloweachtextbychoosingA,B,CorD.Markyour

answersontheANSWERSHEET.(40points)

Text1

AgroupoflabourMPs,amongthemYvetteCooper,arebringinginthenewyearwithacalltoinstituteaUK

“townofculture'*award.Theproposalisthatitshouldsitalongsidetheexistingcityofculturetitle,whichwas

heldbyHullin2017andhasbeenawardedtoCoventryforzozl.Cooperandhercolleaguesarguethatthe

successofthecrownforHull,whereitbroughtin£220mofinvestmentandanavalancheofarts,outnottobe

confinedtocities.Britain'town,itistruearenotpreventedfromapplying,buttheygenerallylacktheresourcesto

puttogetherabittobeattheirbiggercompetitions.Atownofcultureawardcould,itisargued,becomeanannual

event,attractingfundingandcreatingjobs.

SomemightseetheproposalasaboobyprizeforthefactthatBritainisnolongerbeabletoapplyforthe

muchmoreprestigioustitleofEuropeancapitalofculture,asough-afterawardbaggedbyGlasgowin1990and

Liverpoolin2008.AcynicmightspeculatethattheUKisonthevergeofdisappearingintoanendlessfeverof

self-celebrationinitsdesperationtoreinventitselfforthepost-Brexitworld:aftertownofculture,whoknowsthat

willfollow-villageofculture?Suburbofculture?Hamletofculture?

Itisalsowisetorecallthatsuchtitlesarenotacure-all.Abadlyrun"yearofculture'*washesinandoutofa

placelikethetide,bringingprominenceforaspellbutleavingnolastingbenefitstothecommunity.Thereally

successfulholdersofsuchtitlesarethosethatdoagreatdealmorethanfillhotelbedroomsandbringin

high-profileartseventsandgoodpressforayear.Theytransformtheaspirationsofthepeoplewholivethere;

theynudgetheself-imageofthecityintoabolderandmoreoptimisticlight.Itishardtogetright,andrequiresa

remarkabledegreeofvision,aswellascooperationbetweencityauthorities,theprivatesector,community,

groupsandculturalorganisations.Butitcanbedone:Glasgow'syearasEuropeancapitalofculturecancertainly

beseenasoneofcomplexseriesoffactorsthathaveturnedthecityintothepowerofart,musicandtheatrethatit

remainstoday.

A"townofculture”couldbenotjustabouttheartsbutabouthonoringatown'speculiarities-helpingsustain

itshighstreet,supportinglocalfacilitiesandaboveallcelebratingitspeopleandturnitintoaction.

21.Copperandhercolleaguearguethata"townofculture"awardwould_.

A.consolidatethetowncitytiesinBritain

B.promotecooperationamongBrain'stowns

C.increasetheeconomicstrengthofBrain'stowns

D.focusBrain'slimitedresourcesonculturalevents.

22.Accordingtoparagraph2,theproposalmightberegardedbysomeas..

A.asensiblecompromise

B.aself-deceivingattempt

C.aneye-catchingbonus

D.aninaccessibletarget

23.Theauthorsuggeststhatatitleholderissuccessfulonlyifit

A.endeavortomaintainitsimage

B.meetstheaspirationofitspeople

C.bringsitslocalartstoprominence

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D.commitstoitslong-termgrowth

24.uGlasgow“ismentionedinParagraph3topresent

A.acontrastingcase

B.asupportingexample

C.abackgroundstory

D.arelatedtopic

25.Whatistheauthor'sattitudetowardstheproposal?

A.SkepticalB.ObjectiveC.FavorableD.Critical

Text2

Scientificpublishinghaslongbeenalicencetoprintmoney.Scientistsneedjournalsinwhichtopublishtheir

research,sotheywillsupplythearticleswithoutmonetaryreward.Otherscientistsperformthespecialisedwork

ofpeerreviewalsoforfree,becauseitisacentralelementintheacquisitionofstatusandtheproductionof

scientificknowledge.

Withthecontentofpaperssecuredforfree,thepublisherneedsonlyfindamarketforitsjournal.Untilthis

century,universitylibrarieswerenotverypricesensitive.Scientificpublishersroutinelyreportprofitmargins

approaching40%ontheiroperations,atatimewhentherestofthepublishingindustryisinanexistentialcrisis.

TheDutchgiantElsevier,whichclaimstopublish25%ofthescientificpapersproducedintheworld,made

profitsofmorethan£900mlastyear,whileUKuniversitiesalonespentmorethan£210min2016toenable

researcherstoaccesstheirownpubliclyfundedresearch;bothfiguresseemtoriseunstoppablydespite

increasinglydesperateeffortstochangethem.

Themostdrastic,andthoroughlyillegal,reactionhasbeentheemergenceofSci-Hub,akindofglobal

photocopierforscientificpapers,setupin2012,whichnowclaimstoofferaccesstoeverypaywalledarticle

publishedsince2015.ThesuccessofSci-Hub,whichreliesonresearcherspassingoncopiestheyhavethemselves

legallyaccessed,showsthelegalecosystemhaslostlegitimacyamongitsusersandmustbetransformedsothatit

worksforallparticipants.

InBritainthemovetowardsopenaccesspublishinghasbeendrivenbyfundingbodies.Insomewaysithas

beenverysuccessful.MorethanhalfofallBritishscientificresearchisnowpublishedunderopenaccessterms:

eitherfreelyavailablefromthemomentofpublication,orpaywalledforayearormoresothatthepublisherscan

makeaprofitbeforebeingplacedongeneralrelease.

Yetthenewsystemhasnotworkedoutanycheaperfortheuniversities.Publishershaverespondedtothe

demandthattheymaketheirproductfreetoreadersbychargingtheirwritersfeestocoverthecostsofpreparing

anarticle.Theserangefromaround£500to$5,000.Areportlastyearpointedoutthatthecostsbothof

subscriptionsandofthese“articlepreparationcosts“hadbeensteadilyrisingatarateaboveinflation.Insome

waysthescientificpublishingmodelresemblestheeconomyofthesocialinternet:labourisprovidedfreein

exchangefbrthehopeofstatus,whilehugeprofitsaremadebyafewbigfirmswhorunthemarketplaces.Inboth

cases,weneedarebalancingofpower.

26.Scientificpublishingisseenas“alicencetoprintmoney"partlybecause

[A]itsfundinghasenjoyedasteadyincrease.

[B]itsmarketingstrategyhasbeensuccessful.

[C]itspaymentforpeerreviewisreduced.

[D]itscontentacquisitioncostsnothing.

27.AccordingtoParagraphs2and3,scientificpublishersElsevierhave

[A]thrivedmainlyonuniversitylibraries.

[B]gonethroughanexistentialcrisis.

[C]revivedthepublishingindustry.

[D]financedresearchersgenerously.

28.HowdoestheauthorfeelaboutthesuccessofSci-Hub?

[A]Relieved.

[B]Puzzled.

[C]Concerned

[D]Encouraged.

29.ItcanbelearnedfromParagraphs5and6thatopenaccessterms

[AJallowpublisherssomeroomtomakemoney.

[B]renderpublishingmucheasierforscientists.

[C]reducethecostofpublicationsubstantially.

[D]freeuniversitiesfromfinancialburdens.

30.Whichofthefollowingcharacteristicsthescientificpublishingmodel?

[A]Trialsubscriptionisoffered.

[B]Labourtriumphsoverstatus.

[C]Costsarewellcontrolled.

D]Thefewfeedonthemany.

Text3

Progressivesoftensupportdiversitymandatesasapathtoequalityandawaytoleveltheplayingfield.But

alltoooftensuchpoliciesareaninsincereformofvirtue-signalingthatbenefitsonlythemostprivilegedanddoes

littletohelpaveragepeople.

ApairofbillssponsoredbyMassachusettsstateSenatorJasonLewisandHouseSpeakerProTempore

PatriciaHaddad,toensure"genderparity"onboardsandcommissions,provideacaseinpoint.

HaddadandLewisareconcernedthatmorethanhalfthestate-governmentboardsarelessthan40percent

female.Inordertoensurethatelitewomenhavemoresuchopportunities,theyhaveproposedimposing

governmentquotas.Ifthebillsbecomelaw,stateboardsandcommissionswillberequiredtosetaside50percent

ofboardseatsforwomenby2022.

ThebillsaresimilartoameasurerecentlyadoptedinCalifornia,whichlastyearbecamethefirststateto

requiregenderquotasforprivatecompanies.Insigningthemeasure,CaliforniaGovernorJerryBrownadmitted

thatthelaw,whichexpresslyclassifiespeopleonthebasisofsex,isprobablyunconstitutional.

TheUSSupremeCourtfrownsonsex-basedclassificationsunlesstheyaredesignedtoaddressan

"important"policyinterest,BecausetheCalifornialawappliestoallboards,evenwherethereisnohistoryof

priordiscrimination,courtsarelikelytorulethatthelawviolatestheconstitutionalguaranteeof"equal

protection".

Butaresuchgovernmentmandatesevennecessary?Femaleparticipationoncorporateboardsmaynot

currentlymirrorthepercentageofwomeninthegeneralpopulation,butsowhat?

Thenumberofwomenoncorporateboardshasbeensteadilyincreasingwithoutgovernmentinterference.

AccordingtoastudybyCatalyst,between2010and2015theshareofwomenontheboardsofglobal

corporationsincreasedby54percent.

Requiringcompaniestomakegendertheprimaryqualificationforboardmembershipwillinevitablyleadto

lessexperiencedprivatesectorboards.ThatisexactlywhathappenedwhenNorwayadoptedanationwide

corporategenderquota.

WritinginTheNewRepublic,AliceLeenotesthatincreasingthenumberofopportunitiesforboard

membershipwithoutincreasingthepoolofqualifiedwomentoserveonsuchboardshasledtoa“goldenskirt

*'phenomenon,wherethesameelitewomenscoopupmultipleseatsonavarietyofboards.

Nexttimesomebodypushescorporatequotasasawaytopromotegenderequity,rememberthatsuchpolicies

arelargelyself-servingmeasuresthatmaketheirsponsorsfeelgoodbutdolittletohelpaveragewomen.

31.TheauthorbelievesthatthebillssponsoredbyLewisandHaddadwills

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[AJhelplittletoreducegenderbias.

[B]poseathreattothestategovernment.

[C]raisewomen'spositioninpolitics.

[D]greatlybroadencareeroptions.

32.WhichofthefollowingistrueoftheCaliforniameasure?

[A]Ithasirritatedprivatebusinessowners.

[B]ItiswelcomedbytheSupremeCourt,

[C]ItmaygoagainsttheConstitution.

[D]Itwillsettlethepriorcontroversies.

33.TheauthormentionsthestudybyCatalysttoillustrate

[A]theharmfromarbitraryboarddecision.

[B]theimportanceofconstitutionalguarantees.

[C]thepressureonwomeninglobalcoiporations.

[D]theneedlessnessofgovernmentinterventions.

34.Norway'sadoptionofanationwidecorporategenderquotahasledto

[A]theunderestimationofelitewomen'srole.

[BJtheobjectiontofemaleparticipationonboards.

[C]theentryofunqualifiedcandidatesintotheboard.

[D]thegrowingtensionbetweenlaborandmanagement.

35.Whichofthefollowingcanbeinferredfromthetext?

[A]Women'sneedinemploymentshouldbeconsidered.

[B]Feasibilityshouldbeaprimeconcerninpolicymaking.

[C\Everyoneshouldtryhardtopromotesocialjustice.

[D]Majorsocialissuesshouldbethefocusoflegislation.

Text4

LastThursday,theFrenchSenatepassedadigitalservicestax,whichwouldimposeanentirelynewtaxon

largemultinationalsthatprovidedigitalservicestoconsumersorusersinFrance.Digitalservicesinclude

everythingfromprovidingaplatformforsellinggoodsandservicesonlinetotargetingadvertisingbasedonuser

data,andthetaxappliestogrossrevenuefromsuchservces.ManyFrenchpoliticiansandmediaoutletshave

referredtothisasa“GAFAtax,"meaningthatitisdesignedtoapplyprimarilytocompaniessuchasGoogle,

Apple,FacebookandAmazon-inotherwords,multinationaltechcompaniesbasedintheUnitedStates.

ThedigitalservicestaxnowawaitsthesignatureofPresidentEmmanuelMacron,whohasexpressedsupport

forthemeasure,anditcouldgointoeffectwithinthenextfewweeks.Butithasalreadysparkedsignificant

controversy,withtheUniteSatestraderepresentativeopeninganinvestigationintowhetherthetaxdiscriminates

againstAmericancompanies,whichinturncouldleadtotradesanctionsagainstFrance.

TheFrenchtaxisnotjustaunilateralmovebyonecountryinneedofrevenue.Instead,thedigitalservices

taxispartofamuchlargertrend,withcountriesoverthepastfewyearsproposingorputtinginplaceanalphabet

soupofnewinternationaltaxprovisions.ThesehaveincludedBritain*sDPT(divertedprofitstax),Australia's

MAAL(multinationalantiavoidancelaw),andIndia'sSEP(significanteconomicpresence)test,tonamebutafew.

Atthesametime,theEuropeanUnion,Spain,Britainandseveralothercountrieshaveallseriouslycontemplated

digitalservicestaxes.

Theseunilateraldevelopmentsdifferintheirspecifics,buttheyarealldesignedtotaxmultinationalson

incomeandrevenuethatcountriesbelievetheyshouldhavearighttotax,evenifinternationaltaxrulesdonot

grantthemthatright.Inotherwords,theyallshareaviewthattheinternationaltaxsystemhasfailedtokeepup

withthecurrenteconomy.

Inresponsetothesemanyunilateralmeasures,theOrganizationforEconomicCooperationandDevelopment

(OECD)iscurrentlyworkingwith131countriestoreachaconsensusbytheendof2020onaninternational

solution.BothFranceandtheUnitedStatesareinvolvedintheorganization'swork,butFrance'sdigitalservices

taxandtheAmericanresponseraisequestionsaboutwhatthefutureholdsfortheinternationaltaxsystem.

France'splannedtaxisaclearwarning:Unlessabroadconsensuscanbereachedonreformingthe

internationaltaxsystem,othernationsarelikelytofollowsuit,andAmericancompanieswillfaceacascadeof

differenttaxesfromdozensofnationsthatwillproveburdensomeandcostly.

36.TheFrenchSenatehaspassedabillto

[A]regulatedigitalservicesplatforms.

IB]protectFrenchcompanies1interests.

[C]imposealevyontechmultinationals.

[DJcurbtheinfluenceofadvertising.

37.ItcanbelearnedfromParagraph2thatthedigitalservicestax

[A]maytriggercountermeasuresagainstFrance.

[B]isapttoarousecriticismathomeandabroad.

[C]aimstoeaseinternationaltradetensions.

fD]willpromptthetechgiantstoquitFrance.

38.Thecountriesadoptingtheunilateralmeasuressharetheopinionthat

[A]redistributionoftechgiants1revenuemustbeensured.

[B]thecurrentinternationaltaxsystemneedsupgrading.

[C]techmultinationals'monopolyshouldbeprevented.

[D]allcountriesoughttoenjoyequaltaxingrights.

39.ItcanbelearnedfromPara5thattheOECOscurrentwork

[A]isbeingresistedbyUScompanies.

[B]needstobereadjustedimmediately.

[C]isfacedwithuncertainprospects.

[D]needstoininvolvemorecountries.

40.Whichofthefollowingmightbethe.besttitleforthistext?

[A]FranceIsConfrontedwithTradeSanctions

[B]FranceleadsthechargeonDigitalTax

[C]FranceSays"NO"toTechMultinationals

[D]FranceDemandsaRoleintheDigitalEconomy

PartB

Directions:

Inthefollowingtext,somesentenceshavebeenremoved.ForQuestions41-45,choosethemostsuitableone

fromthefistA-Gtofitintoeachofthenumberedblanks.Therearetwoextrachoices,whichdonotfitinanyof

thegaps.MarkyouranswersonANSWERSHEET.(10points)

[A]Eyefixactionsarebrief

[BJToomucheyecontactisinstinctivelyfelttoberude

[C]Eyecontactcanbeafriendlysocialsignal

[D]Personalitycanaffecthowapersonreactstoeyecontact

[ElBiologicalfactorsbehindeyecontactarebeinginvestigated

[F]Mostpeoplearenotcomfortableholdingeyecontactwithstrangers

[G]Eyecontactcanalsobeaggressive.

Inasocialsituation,eyecontactwithanotherpersoncanshowthatyouarepayingattentioninafriendlyway.

-6-

Butitcanalsobeantagonisticsuchaswhenapoliticalcandidateturnstowardtheircompetitorduringadebate

andmakeseyecontactthatsignalshostility.Here'swhathardsciencerevealsabouteyecontact:

41.________________

Weknowthatatypicalinfantwillinstinctivelygazeintoitsmother'seyes,andshewilllookback.This

mutualgazeisamajorpartoftheattachmentbetweenmotherandchild.Inadulthood,lookingsomeoneelseina

pleasantwaycanbeacomplimentarysignofpayingattention.Itcancatchsomeone'sattentioninacrowdedroom,

"Eyecontactandsmile"cansignalavailabilityandconfidence,acommon-sensenotionsupportedinstudiesby

psychologistMonicaMoore.

42.________

NeuroscientistBonnieAugeungfoundthatthehormoneoxytocinincreasedtheamountofeyecontactfrom

mentowardtheinterviewerduringabriefinterviewwhenthedirectionoftheirgazewasrecorded.Thiswasalso

foundinhigh-functioningmenwithsomeautisticspectrumsymptoms,whomaytendtoavoideyecontact.

Specificbrainregionsthatrespondduringdirectgazearebeingexploredbyotherresearches,usingadvanced

methodsofbrainscanning.

43.________

Withtheuseofeye-trackingtechnology,JuliaMinsonoftheHarvardKennedySchoolofGovernment

concludedthateyecontactcansignalverydifferentkindsofmessages,dependingonthesituationWhileeye

contactmaybeasignofconnectionortrustinfriendlysituations,it*smorelikelytobeassociatedwithdominance

OFintimidationinadversarialsituations.Whetheryou'reapoliticianoraparent,itmightbehelpfultokeep'in

mindthattryingtomaintaineyecontactmaybackfireifyou'retryingtoconvincesomeonewhohasadifferentset

ofbeliefsthanyou,"saidMinson.

44.________

Whenwelookatafaceorapicture,oureyespauseononespotatatime,oftenontheeyesormouth.These

pausestypicallyoccurataboutthreepersecond,andtheeyesthenjumptoanotherspot,untilseveralimportant

pointsintheimageareregisteredlikeaseriesofsnapshots.Howthewholeimageisthenassembledand

perceivedisstillamysteryalthoughitisthesubjectofcurrentresearch.

45.________

Inpeoplewhoscorehighinatestofneuroticism,apersonalitydimensionassociatedwithself-consciousness

andanxiety,eyecontacttriggeredmoreactivityassociatedwithavoidance,accordingtotheFinnishresearcher

JariHietanenandcolleagues.Ourfindingsindicatethatpeopledonotonlyfeeldifferentwhentheyarethecentre

ofattentionbutthattheirbrainreactionsalsodiffer-'1Amoredirectfindingisthatpeoplewhoscoredhighfbr

negativeemotionslikeanxietylookedatothersfbrshorterperiodsoftimeandreportedmorecomfortablefeelings

whenothersdidnotlookdirectlyatthem.

PartCTranslation

Directions:

ReadthefollowingtextcarefullyandthentranslatetheunderlinedsegmentsintoChinese.Yourtranslation

shouldbewrittenneatlyontheANSWERSHEET.(10points)

FollowingtheexplosionofcreativityinFlorenceduringthe14thcenturyknownastheRenaissance,themodern

worldsawadeparturefromwhatithadonceknown.ItturnedfromGodandtheauthorityoftheRomanCatholic

Churchandinsteadfavouredamorehumanisticapproachtobeing.Renaissanceideashadspreadthroughout

Europewellintothe17thcentury,withtheartsandsciencesflourishingextraordinarilyamongthosewithamore

logicaldisposition.46.With(thegapbetween)thechurch'steachingsandwaysofthinkingbeingeclipsedbythe

Renaissance,thegapbetweenthemedievalandmodernperiodshadbeenbridged,leadingtonewandunexplored

intellectualterritories.

DuringtheRenaissance,thegreatmindsofNicolausCopernicus,JohannesKeplerandGalileoGalilei

demonstratedthepowerofscientificstudyanddiscovery.47.Beforeeachoftheirrevelations,manythinkersct

thetimehadsustainedmoreancientwaysofthinking,includingthegeocentricviewthattheEarthwasatthe

centreofouruniverse.Copernicustheorizedin1543thatinactualfact,alloftheplanetsthatweknewofrevolved

notaroundtheEarth,buttheSun,asystemthatwaslaterupheldbyGalileoathisownexpense.Offeringupsuch

atheoryduringatimeofhightensionbetweenscientificandreligiousmindswasbrandedasheresy,andanysuch

hereticsthatcontinuedtospreadtheseliesweretobepunishedbyimprisonmentorevendeath.Galileowas

excommunicatedbytheChurchandimprisonedforlifeforhisastronomicalobservationsandhissupportofthe

heliocentricprinciple.

48.DespiteattemptsbytheChurchtostrong-armthisnewgenerationoflogiciansandrationalists,more

explanationsforhowtheuniversefunctionedwerebeingmade,andataratethatthepeoDle-includingtheChurch

-couldnolongerignore.Itwaswiththesegreatrevelationsthatanewkindofphilosophyfoundedinreasonwas

bom.

TheChurch*slong-standingdogmawaslosingthegreatbattlefortruthtorationalistsandscientists.This

veryfactembodiedthenewwaysofthinkingthatsweptthroughEuropeduringmostofthe17thcentury.49.As

manytookonthedutyoftryingtointegratereasoningandscientificphilosophiesintotheworld.TheRenaissance

wasoveranditwastimeforanewera-theAgeofReason.

The17thand18thcenturiesweretimesofradicalchangeandcuriosity.Scientificmethod,reductionismand

thequestioningofChurchidealswastobeencouraged,aswereideasofliberty,toleranceandprogress.50.Such

actionstoseekknowledgeandtounderstandwhatinformationwealreadyknewwerecapturedbytheLatin

phrase'sapereaude'or'daretoknow',afterImmanuelKantuseditinhisessayAnAnswertotheQuestion:What

isEnlightenment?Itwasthepurposeandresponsibilityofgreatmindstogoforthandseekoutthetruth,which

theybelievedtobefoundedinknowledge.

SectionIVWriting

PartA

51.Directions:

TheStudentUnionofyouruniversityhasassignedyoutoinfonntheinternationalstudentsanupcoming

singingcontest.Writeanoticeinabout100words.

WriteyouranswerontheANSWERSHEET.

Donotuseyournameinthenotice.

PartB

52:Directions:

Writeanessayof160-200wordsbasedonthepicturebelow.Inyouressay,youshould:

1)Describethepicturebriefly;

2)Interprettheimpliedmeaning,and

3)Giveyourcomments

-8-

习惯

2020年研究生入学统一考试试题(英语一)答案及解析

SectionIUseofE