2019年考研英语一真题及答案详解

2019年考研英语一真题及答案详解完整版

2019年考研英语一真题及答案详解

SectionIUseofEnglish

Directions:

Readthefollowingtext.Choosethebestword(s)foreachnumberedblank

andmarkA,B,CorDontheANSWERSHEET.(10points)

TodayweliveinaworldwhereGPSsystems,digitalmaps,andothernavigation

appsareavailableonoursmartphones.1___ofusjustwalkstraightintothewoods

withoutaphone.Butphones2____onbatteries,andbatteriescandiefasterthanwe

realize.3____yougetlostwithoutaphoneoracompass,andyou4____canztfind

north,afewtrickstohelpyounavigate5____tocivilization,oneofwhichistofollow

theland...

Whenyoufindyourselfwell6____atrail,butnotinacompletely?_____area,you

havetoanswertwoquestions:Which8____isdownhill,inthisparticulararea?And

whereisthenearestwatersource?Humansoverwhelminglyliveinvalleys,andon

suppliesoffreshwater.9____,ifyouheaddownhill,andfollowanyH2Oyoufind,you

should10____seesignsofpeople.

Ifyouzveexploredtheareabefore,keepaneyeoutforfamiliarsights一you

maybe11____howquicklyidentifyingadistinctiverockortreecanrestoreyour

bearings.

Anotherl2_____:Climbhighandlookforsignsofhumanhabitation.13,evenin

denseforest,youshouldbeableto14___gapsinthetreelineduetoroads,train

tracks,andotherpathspeoplecarve15__thewoods.Headtowardthese16to

findawayout.Atnight,scanthehorizonfor17____lightsources,suchasfiresand

streetlights,thenwalktowardtheglowoflightpollution.

18____,assumingyou'relostinanareahumanstendtofrequent,lookforthe

19weleaveonthelandscape.Trailblazes,tiretracks,andotherfeaturescan

20____youtocivilization.

1.[A]Some[B]Most[C]Few[D]AII

【答案】C

【解析】首句为主题句：今天，我们生活在一个GPS系统，数字地图和其他导航应用程序

都在我们的智能手机上唾手可得的世界。空格所在句指出：我们中.在没有电话，个人GPS

或其他导航工具的情况下直接走进树林。本句有without与few构成双重否定表肯定，根据语

义应该填入few（几乎没有人），符合文意。

2.[A]put[B]take[C]run[D]come

【答案】C

【解析】runonbattery表示手机用电池发动，运行。其他选项：Puton（穿上；使

运转）；takeon（承担；呈现）；c0meon（快点；开始），语义不通顺。故正确答案

为[C]run。

3.[A]Since[B]If[C]Though[D]Until

【答案】B

【解析】空格所在句译文：―你在没有电话或指南针的情况下迷路_____找不到北方,

我们有一些技巧可以帮助你导航____文明。此处为假设的情况，故填入if（如果）符合上下文

的表达。其余选项：Since（因为；自从）,though（虽然），until（直到）带入后,

语义不通顺。故正确答案为

4.[A]formally[B]relatively[C]gradually[D]literally

【答案】D

【解析】空格所在句译文：―你在没有电话或指南针的情况下迷路______找不到北方,

我们有一些技巧可以帮助你导航____文明。此处literally表示确实地，真正地，带入原文语义

通顺：你的确找不到北方。其余选项：Formally（正式地）,relatively（相对地）,

gradually（逐渐地）带入后,语义不通顺。故正确答案为[D]literally.

5.[A]back[B]next[C]around[D]away

【答案】A

【解析】空格所在句译文：―你在没有电话或指南针的情况下迷路找不到北方，

我们有一些技巧可以帮助你导航____文明。前文讲lost（迷路），此处填入back（回到）文

明之地相互呼应，故正确答案为[A]back.

6.[A]onto[B]off[C]across[D]alone

【答案】B

【解析】空格所在句的句意为：当你____路径，但不是完全的区域，你需要回答两

个问题：在这个特殊区域，哪儿条路是下坡？哪儿里有最近的水源？通过后半句的问题，能够

了解到前面是当你偏离轨道，迷失踪迹的时候。B选项。ff（远离，离开）符合语义要求；A

选项onto（在…之上），C选项across（穿过，横穿），D选项alone（独自地，单独地）带

入空格后，语义不通顺，均排除。故正确答案为B选项off。

7.[A]unattractive[B]uncrowded[C]unchanged[D]unfamiliar

【答案】D

【解析】空格所在句的前一句说迷失踪迹，偏离轨道。空格所在的后半句but开头，所填

入的形容词词需要和前面构成转折的逻辑关系，虽然偏离轨道，但也不是完全不熟悉的路。

只有D选项unfamiliar（不熟悉的，不常见的）符合要求；A选项unattractive（不吸引人

的），B选uncrowded（不拥挤的，宽敞的），C选项unchanged（未改变的，无变化

的）带入后,语义不通顺。故正确答案为[D]unfamiliar。

8.[A]site[B]point[C]way[D]place

【答案】C

【解析】空格所在句的句意：你需要回答两个问题：在这个特殊区域，哪儿个_______是下

坡？哪儿里有最近的水源？空格处所需的名词需要符合上下文语境。C选项way（道路）符合

语义要求；A选项site（地点，位置,场所）,B选项point（要点），D选项place（地

方，地点）带入空格后，语义不通顺，均排除。故正确答案为C选项way。

9.[A]So[B]Yet[C]Instead[D]Besides

【答案】A

【解析】空格所在句的前一句指出：生活在山谷中的人，基本都靠淡水为生。后面也就是

空格所在句：________如果你下山,沿着水走，你会发现人类的迹象……很明显空格处所填入

的连词和前面构成因果的逻辑关系，只有A选项So（所以，因此）符合要求；B选项Yet

（但是，然而），C选Instead（代替，反而），D选项Besides（此外,而且）带入后，语

义不通顺。故正确答案为[A]S。。

10.[A]immediately[B]intentionally[C]unexpectedly[D]eventually

【答案】D

【解析】空格所在句的句意：所以如果你下山，沿着你找到的水一直走，你会看

到人类的迹象……，空格处所需的副词需要符合本句语境并是句子语义通顺。D选项

eventually（最后,终于）符合语义要求;A选项immediately（立即，立刻），B选项

intentionally（故意地，有意地）,C选项unexpectedly（意外地，出乎意料地）带入空格

后，语义不通顺，均排除。故正确答案为D选项eventually。

11.[A]surprised[B]annoyed[C]frightened[D]confused

【答案】A

【解析】空格所在句提到：Ifyou'veexploredtheareabefore,keepaneyeout

forfamiliarsights—youmaybesurprisedhowquicklyspottingadistinctiverockor

treecanrestoreyourbearings（如果你之前去过这个地方，一定要注意熟悉的景象，你或

许会—快速识别出一块特征明显的岩石或树木能帮助你恢复记忆）。此句明显体现了积极

褒义的感情色彩，根据这个线索,可直接确定A选项surprised为正确答案,即：你或许会感

到惊讶……

12.[A]problem[B]option[C]view[D]result

【答案】B

【解析】本文第一段提到："如果你在没有电话或指南针的情况下迷路了，而且你真的找

不到北方，我们有一些技巧可以帮助你回到文明社会"。空格所在处提到：另一个J登到

高处寻找有人类住所的标志，因此此处的another_应该与tricks构成总分关系，即，空

格处所填的名词应与tricks语义相近。只有B选项option（选择，办法）符合要求。

13.网Aboveall[B]Incontrast[C]Onaverage[D]Forexample

【答案】D

【解析】空格前提到"另一个办法就是登高来寻找有人类居住的标志"，关键词为：

lookforsigns;空格后提到"在茂密森林里，你应该能够发现由于道路、电缆、火车轨道和

人们在树林中开辟的其他道路而造成的树木之间的空隙"，关键词为：spotgaps。而look

for与spot语义相近，signs为抽象名词,gaps为具体名词，因此空格前后表是例证关系或总

分关系，故D选项forexample（例如）为正确答案。

14.[A]bridge[B]avoid[C]spot[D]separate

【答案】C

【解析】本题空格所在句是对前面句子的例证，故主题一致，因此空格处需填入的动词需

和lookfor语义相近,故选择spot（识别，发现）。

15.[A]from[B]through[C]beyond[D]under

【答案】B

【解析】空格处需填入介词来和前面的动词carve及后面的名词woods构成顺畅的语义

搭配。Carve.woods:在森林中开辟道路，B选项through用法最恰当，故为正确答案。

16.[A]posts[B]links[C]shades[D]breaks

【答案】D

【解析】本题空前有一个指示代词these,通过语义，"these16"指代上文的

''roads,traintracks,andotherpaths'",并由定语从句"/peoplecarvethroughthe

woods"（人们在森林中开辟的......）修饰。从语义上来看，breaks最合适。

17.[A]artificial[B]mysterious[C]hidden[D]limited

【答案】A

【解析】本空所处的句子"scan...for17lightsources",与本段开头"lookfor

signofhumanhabitation"结构一致，语义相关，空格处所填形容词和human意思相

近，选择artificial"人造的"。除此之外，17题后面Usuchasfiresandstreetlights,"

所列举的两种光源的共同特点就是artificial.

18.[A]Finally[B]Consequently[C]incidentally[D]Generally

【答案】D

【解析】空后为条件状语从句"assumingyou”,与上文的"Ifyou”构成顺接递进

关系，选项中，只用finally表顺接。

19.[A]memories[B]marks[C]notes[D]belongings

【答案】B

【解析】空后的定语从句"weleaveonthelandscape",由语义得知此处应该填

"标记"，所以选marks。

20.[A]restrict[B]adopt[C]lead[D]expose

【答案】C

【解析】所填动词需要与主语"tireblazes,tiretracksandotherfearures"轮胎，轮

胎痕迹和其他标记），宾语you,以及不定式tocivilization（文明）之间构成完整语义，

所以此处填lead"弓|导"最合适。

【试题点评】完型填空为了测试考生实际应用英语的能力和语感。具体说来，是从语篇的

角度综合测试考生的阅读理解能力、词汇的掌握和对英语习惯用语的熟悉程度、以及语法规则

的灵活运用。这部分大家一定要注重思路和寻找线索能力的训练，一般做题的基本思路是，根

据已知信息去填空，根据空前后的线索来选择填什么。比方说，题目让考生填主句的内容，那

么从句中就会有相应的说明。题目让考生填动词，原文常常在别的地方出现这个动

词的同义词。那么如何判断呢？首先根据需要填写动词后面出现的宾语，找到有同一宾语的句

子，该句中的动词就是所需填写词的同义词。具体相关知识点和解题思路在考研教育网强化阶

段英语强化班的完型填空部分有重点讲解。

SectionnReadingComprehension

PartA

Directions:

Readthefollowingfourtexts.Answerthequestionsbeloweachtextby

choosingA,B,CorD.MarkyouranswersontheANSWERSHEET.(40points)

Text1

FinancialregulationsinBritainhaveimposedaratherunusualruleonthebosses

ofbigbanks.Startingnextyear,anyguaranteedbonusoftopexecutivescouldbe

delayed10yearsiftheirbanksareunderinvestigationforwrongdoing.Themain

purposeofthis“clawback“ruleistoholdbankersaccountableforharmfulrisk­

takingandtorestorepublictrustinfinancialinstitution.Yetofficialsalsohopefora

muchlargerbenefit:morelongtermdecision-makingnotonlybybanksbutalsobu

allcorporations,tobuildastrongereconomyforfuturegenerations.

“Short-termism“orthedesireforquickprofits,hasworsenedinpublicly

tradedcompanies,saystheBankofEngland1stopeconomist.AndrewHaldane.He

quotesagiantofclassicaleconomies,AlfredMarshall,indescribingthisfinancial

impatienceasactinglike“Childrenwhopicktheplumsoutoftheirpuddingtoeat

thematonce"ratherthanputtingthemasidetobeeatenlast.

TheaveragetimeforholdingastockinboththeUnitedStatesandBritain,he

notes,hasdroppedfromsevenyearstosevenmonthsinrecentdecades.Transient

investors,whodemandhighquarterlyprofitsfromcompanies,canhinderafirm's

effortstoinvestinlong-termresearchortobuildupcustomerloyalty.Thishasbeen

dubbed“quarterlycapitalism”o

Inaddition,newdigitaltechnologieshaveallowedmorerapidtradingof

equities,quickeruseofinformation,andthusshortensattentionspansinfinancial

markers."Thereseemstobeapredominanceofshort-termthinkingattheexpense

oflong-terminvesting,HsaidCommissionerDanielGallagheroftheUSSecurities

andExchangeCommissioninspeechthisweek.

IntheUS,theSarbanes-OxleyActof2002haspushedmostpubliccompaniesto

deferperformancebonusesforseniorexecutivesbyaboutayear,slightlyhelping

reduce“short-termism."InitslatestsurveyofCEOpay,TheWallStreetJournal

findsthat"asubstantialpartHofexecutivepayisnowtiedtoperformance.

MuchmorecouldbedonetoencourageTong-termism,“suchaschangesin

thetaxcodeandquickerdisclosureofstockacquisitions.InFrance,shareholders

whoholdontoacompanyinvestmentforatleasttwoyearscansometimesearn

morevotingrightsinacompany.

Withincompanies,therightcompensationdesigncanprovideincentivesfor

executivestothinkbeyondtheirowntimeatthecompanyandonbehalfofall

stakeholders.Britain*snewruleisaremindertobankersthatsocietyhasaninterest

intheirperformance,notjustfortheshorttermbutforthelongterm.

21.AccordingtoParagraph1,onemotiveinimposingthenewruleis

the_____.

A.enhancebanker1ssenseofresponsibility

B.helpcorporationsachievelargerprofits

C.buildanewsystemoffinancialregulation

D.guaranteethebonusesoftopexecutives

【答案】A

【解析】根据题干关键词"paragraph1"和"onemotiveinimposingthenew

rule"回文定位在第一段第三句"Themainpurposeofthis'clawback'ruleistohold

bankersaccountableforharmfulrisk-takingandtorestorepublictrustinfinancial

institutions/7可以得出答案。

22.AlfredMarshallisquotedtoindicate.

A.theconditionsforgeneratingquickprofits

B.governments1impatienceindecision-making

C.thesolidstructureofpubliclytradedcompanies

D.”short-termism“ineconomicsactivities

【答案】D

【解析】根据题干中的"AlfredMarshallH回文定位在第二段最后一句"Alfred

Marshall,indescribingthisfinancialimpatienceasactinglike...”,可以得出答案。

23.Itisarguedthattheinfluenceoftransientinvestmentonpubliccompanies

canbe_.

A.indirect

B.adverse

C.minimal

D.temporary

【答案】B

【解析】根据题干关键词"Transientinvestment"定位第三段第二句，"Transient

investors,...canhinderafirm1seffortstoinvestinlong-termresearchortobuild

upcustomerloyalty"可以得出答案。

24.TheUSandFranceexamplesareusedtoillustrate.

A.theobstaclestopreventing"short-termism"o

B.thesignificanceoflong-termthinking.

w/,

C.theapproachestopromotinglong-termismo

D.theprevalenceofshort-termthinking.

【答案】C

【解析】根据题干定位到第五、六段，第五段为美国的例子，第六段为法国的例子，

（第五段中美国延迟发放才上任一年左右的高管绩效津贴，继而促进缓解"短期主义”盛行的

现状；第六段在法国持股两年以上者拥有更大的选票权。）第六段首句承前启后讲到

"Muchmorecouldbedonetoencouragelong-termism'"促进"长期主义”还有

很多做法。可以得出答案。

25.Whichofthefollowingwouldbethebesttitleforthetext?

A.FailureofQuarterlyCapitalism

B.PatienceasaCorporateVirtue

C.DecisivenessRequiredofTopExecutives

D.FrustrationofRisk-takingBankers

【答案】B

【解析】根据题干关键词besttitle可知这是一道典型的主旨大意题。根据全文可以得出

答案。

Gradeinflation—thegradualincreaseinaverageGPAs(grade-pointaverages)

overthepastfewdecades—isoftenconsideredaproductofaconsumererain

highereducation,inwhichstudentsaretreatedlikecustomerstobepleased.But

another,relatedforce—apolicyoftenburieddeepincoursecatalogscalled“grade

forgiveness”—ishelpingraiseGPAs.

Gradeforgivenessallowsstudentstoretakeacourseinwhichtheyreceiveda

lowgrade,andthemostrecentgradeorthehighestgradeistheonlyonethat

countsincalculatingastudent1soverallGPA.

Theuseofthislittle-knownpracticehasacceleratedinrecentyears,ascolleges

continuetodotheirutmosttokeepstudentsinschool(andpayingtuition)and

improvetheirgraduationrates.Whenthispracticefirststarteddecadesago,itwas

usuallylimitedtofreshmen,togivethemasecondchancetotakeaclassintheir

firstyeariftheystruggledintheirtransitiontocollege-levelcourses.Butnowmost

collegessaveformanyselectivecampuses,allowallundergraduates,andeven

graduatestudents,togettheirlowgradesforgiven.

Collegeofficialstendtoemphasizethatthegoalofgradeforgivenessisless

aboutthegradeitselfandmoreaboutencouragingstudentstoretakecourses

criticaltotheirdegreeprogramandgraduationwithoutincurringabigpenalty.

“Untimely,“saidJackMiner,OhioStateUniversity1sregistrar,“weseestudents

achievemoresuccessbecausetheyretakeacourseanddobetterinsubsequent

contentsormasterthecontentthatallowsthemtograduateontime.”

Thatsaid,thereisawayinwhichgradeforgivenesssatisfiescolleges1own

needsaswell.Forpublicinstitutions,statefundsaresometimestiedpartlytotheir

successonmetricssuchasgraduationratesandstudentretention—sobettergrades

can,byboostingfigureslikethose,meanmoremoney.Andanythingthatraises

GPAswilllikelymakestudents一who,attheendoftheday,arepayingthebill—feel

they1vegottenabettervaluefortheirtuitiondollars,whichisanotherbigconcern

forcolleges.

Indeed,gradeforgivenessisjustanotherwaythatuniversitiesarerespondingto

consumers'expectationsforhighereducation.Sincestudentsandparentsexpecta

collegedegreetoleadajob,itisinthebestinterestofaschooltoturnout

graduateswhoareasqualifiedaspossible-oratleastappeartobe.Onthis,

students1andcolleges1incentivesseemtobealigned.

26.Whatiscommonlyregardedasthecauseofgradeinflation?

A.Thechangeofcoursecatalogs.

B.Students'indifferencetoGPAS.

C-Colleges7neglectofGPAS.

D.Theinfluenceofconsumerculture.

【答案】D

【解析】根据题干信息词定位到首段第一句，句子主干"Gradeinflationisoften

consideredaproductofaconsumererainhighereducation”可以得出答案。

27.Whatwastheoriginalpurposeofgradeforgiveness?

A.Tohelpfreshmenadapttocollegelearning.

B.Tomaintaincollegeszgraduationrates.

C.Topreparegraduatesforachallengingfuture.

D.Toincreaseuniversities1incomefromtuition.

【答案】A

【解析】根据题干要求定位到第三段第二句。该句中的thispractice对应题干中的grade

forgiveness,firststarted对应题干中的original,而不定式短语togivethem

（freshmen）asecondchance...iftheystruggledintheirtransitiontocollege-level

courses（如果大一新生在都向大学课程的过渡中有问题的话在给他们一次机会……）为目

的,对应题干中的purpose,故正确答案应为［A］选项Tohelpfreshmenad叩ttocollege

learning（帮助大一新生适应大学学习）。

28.AccordingtoParagraph5,gradeforgivenessenablecollegesto.

A.obtainmorefinancialsupport

B.boosttheirstudentenrollments

C.improvetheirteachingquality

D.meetlocalgovernments,needs

【答案】A

【解析】根据题干关键词〃paragrph5〃，以及"gradeforgiveness"和

"colleges"定位到第五段第一句话。可以得出答案。

29.Whatdoesthephrase"tobealigned”(Line5,Para.6)mostprobably

mean?

A.Tocounterbalanceeachother.

B.Tocomplementeachother.

C.Tobeidenticalwitheachother.

D.Tobecontradictorytoeachother.

【答案】C

【解析】根据题目定位到第6段最后一句：0nthis,students1andcolleges1

incentivesseemtobealigned.解决本题的关键是this指代的内容，根据上文Since

studentsandparentsexpectacollegedegreetoleadtoajob,itisinthebest

interestofaschooltoturnoutgraduateswhoareasqualifiedaspossible-oratleast

叩peartobe.可以得出答案。

3O.Theauthorexaminesthepracticeofgradeforgivenessby.

A.assessingitsfeasibility

B.analyzingthecausesbehindit

C.comparingdifferentviewsonit

D.listingitslong-runeffects

【答案】B

【解析】根据题干，表面上问作者通过什么论述方式来探讨gradeforgiveness的实践操

作，其实是考全文的主旨写作手法，属于主旨大意题。根据全文可以得出答案。

Text3

ThisyearmarksexactlytwocountriessincethepublicationofFrankenstein;or,

TheModernPrometheus,byMaryShelley.Evenbeforetheinventionoftheelectric

lightbulb,theauthorproducedaremarkableworkofspeculativefictionthatwould

foreshadowmanyethicalquestionstoberaisedbytechnologiesyettocome.

Todaytherapidgrowthofartificialintelligence(AI)raisesfundamental

questions/*Whatisintelligence,identify,or

consciousness?Whatmakeshumanshumans?"

Whatisbeingcalledartificialgeneralintelligence,machinesthatwouldimitate

thewayhumansthink,continuestoevadescientists.Yethumansremainfascinated

bytheideaofrobotsthatwouldlook,move,andrespondlikehumans,similarto

thoserecentlydepictedonpopularsci-fiTVseriessuchas//Westworld/,and

"Humans"。

Justhowpeoplethinkisstillfartoocomplextobeunderstood,letalone

reproduced,saysDavidEagleman,aStanfordUniversityneuroscientist."Wearejust

inasituationwheretherearenogoodtheoriesexplainingwhatconsciousnesss

actuallyisandhowyoucouldeverbuildamachinetogetthere.”

Butthatdoesn1tmeancrucialethicalissuesinvolvingAIarenftathand.The

cominguseofautonomousvehicles,forexample,posesthornyethicalquestions.

Humandriverssometimesmustmakesplit-seconddecisions.Theirreactionsmaybe

acomplexcombinationofinstantreflexes,inputfrompastdrivingexperiences,and

whattheireyesandearstelltheminthatmoment.AI"vision“todayisnotnearly

assophisticatedasthatofhumans.Andtoanticipateeveryimaginabledriving

situationisadifficultprogrammingproblem.

Wheneverdecisionsarebasedonmassesofdata,“youquicklygetintoalotof

ethicalquestions/1notesTanKiatHow,chiefexecutiveofaSingapore-based

agencythatishelpingthegovernmentdevelopavoluntarycodefortheethicaluse

ofALAlongwithSingapore,othergovernmentsandmega-corporationsare

beginningtoestablishtheirownguidelines.Britainissettingupadataethicscenter.

IndiareleaseditsAIethicsstrategythisspring.

OnJune7Googlepledgednotto''designordeployAI"thatwouldcause

“overallharm,“ortodevelopAi-directedweaponsoruseAIforsurveillancethat

wouldviolateinternationalnorms.ItalsopledgednottodeployAIwhoseusewould

violateinternationallawsorhumanrights.

Whilethestatementisvague,itrepresentsonestartingpoint.Sodoestheidea

thatdecisionsmadebyAIsystemsshouldbeexplainable,transparent,andfair.

Toputitanotherway:Howcanwemakesurethatthethinkingofintelligent

machinesreflectshumanity,shighestvalues?Onlythenwilltheybeusefulservants

andnotFrankenstein'sout-of-controlmonster.

31.MaryShelley1snovelFrankensteinismentionedbecauseit

A.fascinatesAIscientistsallovertheworld.

B.hasremainedpopularforaslongas200years.

C.involvessomeconcernsraisedbyAItoday.

D.hassparkedseriousethicalcontroversies.

【答案】C

【解析】由题干表述可判断本题为典型的观点例证题，所证观点就在例证前后，该例子出

现在篇首，引出主题在后。由此可知本题定位句为第一段最后一句话。由此可以得出答案。

32.InDavidEagleman7sopinion,ourcurrentknowledgeofconsciousness

A.helpsexplainartificialintelligence.

B.canbemisleadingtorobotmaking.

C.inspirespopularsci-fiTVseries.

D.istoolimitedforustoreproduceit.

【答案】D

【解析】根据题干中的DavidEagleman定位到文中第四段第一句，该段第二句there

arenogoodtheories与题干中的knowledge属于等价代换，该段第二句中的

consciousness与题干中的consciousness对应，第一句表明光人们如何思考就复杂到难以理

解的程度更不用说要复制它了，第二句表明我们没有解释什么是consciousness的理论，

与选项D吻合。

33.Thesolutiontotheethicalissuesbroughtbyautonomousvehicles

A.canhardlyeverbefound.

B.isstillbeyondourcapacity.

C.causeslittlepublicconcern.

D.hasarousedmuchcuriosity.

【答案】B

【解析】题干中的autonomousvehicles定位到第五段第二句。该句出现for

example,可知autonomousvehicle是具体的例子。篇中的例子是为了证明论点,应往前看，

即证明第一句的观点：涉及人工智能的伦理问题在我们身边（注意这里doesn/t和

aren't为双重否定），说明问题依然存在。由此可以得出答案。

34.Theauthor'sattitudetowardGoogle1spledgeisoneof

A.affirmation.

B.skepticism.

C.contempt.

D.respect.

【答案】A

【解析】根据题干中的回文定位到第

theauthor'sattitude,Google*spledgeso

七段，第八段，但其七段都是在讲Google'spledge,继续看第八段，开头while,转折，

whilethestatementisvague,与vague相反的即是观点,这个地方没有说是谁的观点，无

人认领的观点即是作者的观点。由此可以得出答案。

35.Whichofthefollowingwouldbethebesttitleforthetext?

A.AFsFuture:IntheHandsofTechGiants

B.Frankenstein,theNovelPredictingtheAgeofAI

C.TheConscienceofAI:ComplexButInevitable

D.AIShallBeKillersOnceOutofControl

【答案】C

【解析】本文首段通过引用MaryShelley的书引出本文要探讨的话题新技术所引发的道

德问题。第二段更是明确指出AI引起了一些问题。第三段和第四段对第二段提出的两个问题

进行了详细的阐述，表明我们并不能确定智能化的程度以及因为所处环境的复杂无法定义人类

自我意识。而在第五段转折之后明确指出AI所涉及的道德问题已经触手可及了。全篇复现了

AI和conscience这两个关键词,因此正确答案为C。

Text4

Stateswillbeabletoforcemorepeopletopaysalestaxwhentheymakeonline

purchasesunderaSupremeCourtdecisionThursdaythatwillleaveshopperswith

lighterwalletsbutisabigfinancialwinforstates.

TheSupremeCourt1sopinionThursdayoverruledapairofdecades-old

decisionsthatstatessaidcostthembillionsofdollarsinlostrevenueannually.The

decisionsmadeitmoredifficultforstatestocollectsalestaxoncertainonline

purchases.

Thecasesthecourtoverturnedsaidthatifabusinesswasshippinga

customer1spurchasetoastatewherethebusinessdidn'thaveaphysical

presencesuchasawarehouseoroffice,thebusinessdidn'thavetocollectsales

taxforthestate.Customersweregenerallyresponsibleforpayingthesalestaxto

thestatethemselvesiftheyweren1tchargedit,butmostdidn/trealizetheyowed

itandfewpaid.

JusticeAnthonyKennedywrotethatthepreviousdecisionswereflawed."Each

yearthephysicalpresencerulebecomesfurtherremovedfromeconomicrealityand

resultsinsignificantrevenuelossestotheStates/*hewroteinanopinionjoinedby

fourotherjustices.Kennedywrotethattherule'limitedstates*abilitytoseek

long-termprosperityandhaspreventedmarketparticipantsfromcompetingonan

evenplayingfield."

Therulingisavictoryforbigchainswithapresenceinmanystates,sincethey

usuallycollectsalestaxononlinepurchasesalready.Now,rivalswillbecharging

salestaxwheretheyhadnztbefore.Bigchainshavebeencollectingsalestax

nationwidebecausetheytypicallyhavephysicalstoresinwhateverstateapurchase

isbeingshippedto.A,withitsnetworkofwarehouses,alsocollectssales

taxineverystatethatchargesit,thoughthird-partysellerswhousethesitedonzt

haveto.

Untilnow,manysellersthathaveaphysicalpresenceinonlyasinglestateora

fewstateshavebeenabletoavoidchargingsalestaxeswhentheyshiptoaddresses

outsidethosestates.SellersthatuseeBayandEtsy,whichprovideplatformsfor

smallersellers,alsohaven*tbeencollectingsalestaxnationwide.Undertheruling

Thursday,statescanpasslawsrequiringout-of-statesellerstocollectthestatezs

salestaxfromcustomersandsendittothestate.

Retailtradegroupspraisedtheruling,sayingitlevelstheplayingfieldforlocal

andonlinebusinesses.Thelosers,saidretailanalystNeilSaunders,areonline-only

retailers,especiallysmallerones.Thoseretailersmayfaceheadachescomplyingwith

variousstatesalestaxlaws.The

SmallBusiness&EntrepreneurshipCounciladvocacygroupsaidinaa

statement,“Smallbusinessesandinternetentrepreneursarenotwellservedatall

bythisdecision/7

36.TheSupremeCourtdecisionThur