高三英语专题限时复习题35

专题限时训练(二十三)[新闻报道型阅读理解](限时：每篇7分钟)(一)MITresearchersandtheircolleaguesareworkingtofindoutwhetherenergyfromtreescanpoweranetworkofsensors(传感器)topreventspreadingforestfires.Whattheylearncouldalsoraisethepossibilityofusingtreesassilentguardsalongthenation’sborderstodiscoverpotentialthreatssuchassmuggled(走私的)radioactivematerials.TheU．S.ForestServicecurrentlypredictsandtracksfireswithavarietyoftools,includingremoteautomaticweatherstations.Butthesestationsareexpensiveandsparsely(稀疏地)distributed.Additionalsensorscouldsavetreesbyprovidingbetterlocalclimatedatatobeusedinfirepredictionmodelsandearlierwarnings.However,rechargingorreplacingbatteriesbyhandatveryhard­to­reachlocationsmakesitimpracticalandcostly.Thenewsensorsystemseekstoavoidthisproblembydevelopingtreesintoaself­sustainingpowersupply.Eachsensorisequippedwithabatterythatcanbeslowlyrechargedusingelectricityproducedbythetree.“Asingletreedoesn’tgeneratealotofpower,butovertimethetrickle(细流)chargeaddsup,justlike________”saidShuguangZhang,oneoftheresearchersontheprojectandtheassociatedirectoroftheMIT’sCenterforBiomedicalEngineering(CBE)．Thesystemproducesenoughelectricitytoallowthetemperatureandhumiditysensorstowirelesslysendoutsignalsfourtimesaday,orimmediatelyifthere’safire.Eachsignalspreadsfromonesensortoanother,untilitreachesanexistingweatherstationthatsendsthedatabysatellitetoaforestrycommandcenterinBoise,Scientistshavelongknownthattreescanproduceextremelysmallamountsofelectricity.Butnooneknewexactlyhowtheenergywasproducedorhowtotakeadvantageofthepower.()1.Whatarethedisadvantagesoftheremoteautomaticweatherstations?a.Theycosttoomuch.b.Theyareofpoorquality.c.Theyarenotenough.d.Theycan’treachremoteplaces.A．a,bB．b,dC．a,cD．b,c()2.Whichofthefollowingisthebestsentencetofillintheblank?A．Farwaterdoesnotputoutnearfire.B．Allriversrunintosea.C．Manyalittlemakesamickle.D．Itneverrainsbutitpours.C．TreepowerindailylifeD．Developingnewenergy(二)ThecrisisatJapan’sFukushimaDai­Ichinuclearenergycenterhasraisedquestionsaboutthefutureofthenuclearenergyindustry.ArjunMakhijaniispresidentoftheInstituteforEnergyandEnvironmentalResearchintheUnitedStates.HesaysthedisasterinJapanisThisweek,thechairmanofAmerica’snuclearagencysaidthereislittlechancethatharmfulradiationfromJapancouldreachtheUnitedStates.NuclearRegulatoryCommissionChairmanGregoryJaczkoalsosaidAmericahasastrongprograminplacetodealwithearthquakethreats.NonewnuclearpowercentershavebeenbuiltintheUnitedStatessince1979.ThatwaswhenAmerica’sworstnuclearaccidenthappenedattheThreeMileIslandcenterinPennsylvania.TheaccidentbegantoturnpublicopinionagainstTosupportmorecleanenergyproduction,theObamagovernmenthasbeenseekingbillionsofdollarsingovernmentloanguaranteestobuildnewcenters.Presently,abouttwentypercentofelectricityintheUnitedStatescomesfromnuclearenergy.ButcriticssaynuclearpoweristoocostlyanddangeroustobeworthfurtherGermanprimeministerAngelaMerkelsaidGermanywouldcloseallsevennuclearpowercentersforamomentwhileenergypolicyisreconsidered.TheEuropeanUnionisplanningtotestallcentersinitstwenty­sevenmembernations.Developingnationsarelesswillingtoslownuclearexpansion.Chinasaiditwouldcontinuewithplanstobuildabouttwenty­fivenewnuclearplants.AndIndia,underacooperationagreementwiththeUnitedStates,planstospendbillionsonnewcentersinthecomingJapanhasmadenuclearenergyanationalprioritysincethe1970s.Unlikemanymajoreconomies,Japanimportseightypercentofitsenergy.TheNuclearEnergyInstitutesaidtwenty­ninepercentofJapan’selectricitycamefromnuclearsourcesin2011.Thegovernmentplannedtoincreasethattofortypercentby2017.Nuclearplantssupplyfourteenpercentofglobalelectricity.Nuclearenergyisacleanresource,producingnocarbongases.Butradioactivewasteisaseriousunresolved(未解决的)issue.So_is_the_presence_of_nuclear_power_centers_in_earthquake_areas_like_the_one_near_Bushehr,_Iran.()6.Whichofthefollowingcountriesistheleastlikelytoexpanditsuseofnuclearenergy?A．China.B．India.C．Iran.D．Germany.()7.ThegovernmentofJapanintendedtoincreaseitsnuclearenergyin2017by________comparedwith2011.A．29%B．40%C．69%D．11%()8.WhichofthefollowingstatementsabouttheuseofnuclearpowerintheU．S.isTRUE?A．MostoftheelectricitycomesfromnuclearenergyintheU．S.B．TheObamagovernmentisagainstbuildingnuclearpowerplants.C．Asmallnumberofnuclearpowerplantshavebeenbuiltsince1979.D．AseriousnuclearaccidenthappenedinAmericaattheendofthe1970s.()9.What’sthemainideaofthispassage?A．ThenuclearcrisisinJapanhasspreadtootherpartsoftheworld.B．Thesituationoftheworld’snuclearpowerdevelopmentafterthecrisisinJapan.C．Japan’snucleardisasterwillslowtheexpansionofnuclearplantsallovertheworld.D．Japan’snucleardisasterwon’taffectthenuclearenergyproductioninothercountries.()10.Fromthelastsentenceofthepassage,wecanseethewriter’sattitudetowardsbuildinganuclearpowerplantnearBushehr,IranA．supportiveB．optimisticC．negative D．uncertain(三)Fouroutoftenwomenwhodietendupheavierthanwhentheystartedwatchingtheirwaistline(腰围),astudyrevealedtoday.Theresearchalsoshowedthatalargepercentageofwomenstartednoticingthepoundscreepingbackonjust21daysafterreachingtheiridealweight.Yesterday,DrIanCampbelloftheJennyCraigWeightManagementProgramsaid:“IntheUK61.4percentofadultsareoverweightorobese.Successfulweightmanagementrequiresalong­termcommitmentinordertoloseweightsuccessfullyandforgood.Dietingcanbearealchallengesosettingrealisticgoalsandremainingfocusedonthemisimportant.Otherwiseasthisresearchshows,womencouldendupheavierthanwhentheystarted.”The“Food,Body,Mind”reportwaspublicizedbyJennyCraigwhoquizzed2,000womenagedbetween18and65whodietregularlyontheirattitudes,beliefsandbehaviorsaroundweightloss.Sixintensaidtheywereonadietthenandoneinfivewomensaidtheywereona“continuousdiet”．Itfoundthemostcommontriggerstostartdietingwasseeingtheir“reflectioninthemirror”，preparingforasummerholidayorunflatteringphotospostedonsocialnetworkingsites.Otherpopularreasonsincludecommentsbyfriendsorrelativesortheirotherhalf.However,thestudyshowedthatoneintengiveupwithinoneday,whilealmostafifthmanagetomakeittoaweekormore.Theaverageistendays.Manyblamedpressuretheyputonthemselvestoloseweighttooquicklyfortheweightgain,whichleavesthemwithabiggerappetitethannormal.Othersblamedcolleagues,whotuckintofattylunchesandsnacksunawareoftheeffectithasonthedieter,whilemothers’polishingofftheirchildren’sleftovers(剩饭)wasanothercommoncauseofweightgain.()11.Whichofthefollowingmightbethebesttitleforthisarticle?A．Threereasonstofailindieting B．ImportantthingsforsuccessfuldietC．Obesity—aproblemfor61.4%adultsintheUK D．Fourintenwomengainweightondiets()12.Womenwhogoonadiet________.A．arealloverweightorobeseB．arelikelytogainweightagainafterreachingtheiridealweightC．allfailbecausetheyarenotpersistentenoughD．allendupheavierthanwhentheystarttodiet()13.Theunderlinedword“triggers”inParagraph4probablymeans________.A．effectsB．examples C．causes D．imagination()14.WhichofthefollowingisNOTthereasonthatmanypeoplequitdietingverysoon?A．Thepressuretheyputonthemselvestoloseweightquickly.B．Colleagueswhogivethemfattylunchesandsnacks.C．Reflectionstheyseeinthemirror.D．Leftoversofchildren’stakenbytheirmothers.()15.Inwhichcolumnofthenewspaperdoyouprobablyfindthepassage?A．Health.B．Economy. C．Sports. D．Education.专题限时训练(二十三)(一)本文是一篇新闻报道，介绍了科学家的发现：树能为预防森林火灾的传感器供电。1．C细节理解题。文章第三段提到的美国森林服务机构现在所采用的工具和方法花费高、分布少。如增加传感器，边远地区无法充电或换电池，故选C项。2．C推理判断题。根据上下文可知此处为积少成多的含义。故答案C适合。A远水救不了近火；B海纳百川；D不雨则已，一雨倾盆。3．D细节理解题。第四段中研究人员指出，一棵树产生不了多少能量，但随着时间的推移，细小的能量会不断增加，就像不断滴水的水龙头也能滴满一桶水一样，D项理解正确。4．B推理判断题。文章最后一段最后一句提到没人确切地知道树是怎么产生能量或人们如何利用这些能量，因而，下文会就此展开论述，故选B项。5．A主旨大意题。文章第一段就点明主题：如何利用树所产生的能量预防森林火灾，A项概括了文章的主旨。(二)本文为新闻。主要报道各国的核能使用状况及相关态度。6．D细节理解题。根据第四段GermanprimeministerAngelaMerkelsaidGermanywouldcloseallsevennuclearpowercentersforamomentwhileenergypolicyisreconsidered.可知德国将暂时关闭七座核电站，故选D。7．D细节理解题。根据倒数第二段TheNuclearEnergyInstitutesaidtwenty­ninepercentofJapan’selectricitycamefromnuclearsourcesin2011.Thegovernmentplannedtoincreasethattofortypercentby2017.可推断选D(40%－29%＝11%)。8．D细节理解题。根据第二段NonewnuclearpowercentershavebeenbuiltintheUnitedStatessince1979.ThatwaswhenAmerica’sworstnuclearaccidenthappenedattheThreeMileIslan