2016年考研英语二真题资料

2016年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语二

SectionIUseofEnglish

Directions:Readthefollowingtext.Choosethebestword(s)foreachnumberedblankandmark[A],[B],

[C]or[D]onANSWERSHEET1.(10points)

Happypeopleworkdifferently.They'remoreproductive,morecreative,andwillingtotakegreater

risks.Andnewresearchsuggeststhathappinessmightinfluence]firm'swork,too.

Companieslocatedinplaceswithhappierpeopleinvestmore,accordingtoarecentresearchpaper.

2_,firmsinhappyplacesspendmoreonR&D(researchanddevelopment).That'sbecausehappinessis

linkedtothekindoflonger-termthinking3fbrmakinginvestmentsforthefuture.

Theresearcherswantedtoknowifthe4andinclinationfbrrisk-takingthatcomewith

happinesswould5thewaycompaniesinvested.SotheycomparedU.S.cities9averagehappiness

6_byGalluppollingwiththeinvestmentactivityofpubliclytradedfirmsinthoseareas.

7enough,firms9investmentandR&Dintensitywerecorrelatedwiththehappinessofthearea

inwhichtheywere8.Butisitreallyhappinessthat'slinkedtoinvestment,orcouldsomethingelse

abouthappiercities9whyfirmstherespendmoreonR&D?Tofindout,theresearcherscontrolled

forvarious10thatmightmakefirmsmorelikelytoinvest一likesize,industry,andsales一andfor

indicatorsthataplacewas11tolivein,likegrowthinwagesorpopulation.Thelinkbetween

happinessandinvestmentgenerally12evenafteraccountingforthesethings.

Thecorrelationbetweenhappinessandinvestmentwasparticularlystrongforyoungerfirms,which

theauthors13to“lesscodifieddecisionmakingprocess^^andthepossiblepresenceof“younger

andless14managerswhoaremorelikelytobeinfluencedbysentiment.^^Therelationshipwas

15strongerinplaceswherehappinesswasspreadmore16.Firmsseemtoinvestmoreinplaces

wheremostpeoplearerelativelyhappy,ratherthaninplaceswithhappinessinequality.

17thisdoesn'tprovethathappinesscausesfirmstoinvestmoreortotakealonger-termview,

theauthorsbelieveitatleast18atthatpossibility.It'snothardtoimaginethatlocalcultureand

sentimentwouldhelp19howexecutivesthinkaboutthefuture."Itsurelyseemsplausiblethat

happypeoplewouldbemoreforward-thinkingandcreativeand20R&Dmorethantheaverage/9

saidoneresearcher.

1.fA]why[B]where[C]how[D]when

2.[A]Inreturn[B]Inparticular[C]Incontrast[D]Inconclusion

3.[A]sufficient[B]famous[C]perfect[D]necessary

4.[A]individualism[B]modernism[C]optimism[D]realism

5.[A]echo[B]miss[C]spoil[D]change

6.[A]imagined[B]measured[C]invented[D]assumed

7.[A]Sure[B]Odd[C]Unfortunate[D]Often

8.[A]advertised[B]divided[C]overtaxed[D]headquartered

9.[A]explain[B]overstate[C]summarize[D]emphasize

10.[A]stages[B]factors[C]levels[D]methods

11.[A]desirable[B]sociable[C]reputable[D]reliable

12.[A]resumed[B]held[C]emerged[D]broke

13.[A]attribute[B]assign[C]transfer[D]compare

14.[A]serious[B]civilized[C]ambitious[D]experienced

15.[A]thus[B]instead[C]also[D]never

16.[A]rapidly[B]regularly[C]directly[D]equally

17.[A]After[B]Until[C]While[D]Since

18.[A]arrives[B]jumps[C]hints[D]strikes

19.[A]shape[B]rediscover[C]simplify[D]share

20.[A]prayfor[B]leantowards[C]giveaway[D]sendout

SectionIIReadingComprehension

PartA

Directions:Readthefollowingfourtexts.AnswerthequestionsaftereachtextbychoosingA,B,CorD.

MarkyouranswersonANSWERSHEET1.(40points)

Text1

It'struethathigh-schoolcodingclassesaren'tessentialforlearningcomputerscienceincollege.

Studentswithoutexperiencecancatchupafterafewintroductorycourses,saidTomCortina,theassistant

deanatCarnegieMellon'sSchoolofComputerScience.

However,Cortinasaid,earlyexposureisbeneficial.Whenyoungerkidslearncomputerscience,they

learnthatit'snotjustaconfusing,endlessstringoflettersandnumbers—butatooltobuildapps,or

createartwork,ortesthypotheses.It'snotashardforthemtotransformtheirthoughtprocessesasitisfor

olderstudents.Breakingdownproblemsintobite-sizedchunksandusingcodetosolvethembecomes

normal.Givingmorechildrenthistrainingcouldincreasethenumberofpeopleinterestedinthefieldand

helpfillthejobsgap,Cortinasaid.

Studentsalsobenefitfromlearningsomethingaboutcodingbeforetheygettocollege,where

introductorycomputer-scienceclassesarepackedtothebrim,whichcandrivetheless-experienced

or-determinedstudentsaway.

TheFlatironSchool,wherepeoplepaytolearnprogramming,startedasoneofthemanycoding

boot-campsthat'sbecomepopularforadultslookingforacareerchange.Thehigh-schoolersgetthesame

curriculum,but“wetrytogearlessonstowardthingsthey9reinterestedin,“saidVictoriaFriedman,an

instructor.Forinstance,oneoftheappsthestudentsaredevelopingsuggestsmoviesbasedonyourmood.

ThestudentsintheFlatironclassprobablywon'tdropoutofhighschoolandbuildthenext

Facebook.Programminglanguageshaveaquickturnover,sothe“RubyonRails“languagetheylearned

maynotevenberelevantbythetimetheyenterthejobmarket.Buttheskillstheylearn-howtothink

logicallythroughaproblemandorganizetheresults一applytoanycodinglanguage,saidDeborah

Seehom,aneducationconsultantforthestateofNorthCarolina.

Indeed,theFlatironstudentsmightnotgointoITatall.Butcreatingafuturearmyofcodersisnot

thesolepurposeoftheclasses.Thesekidsaregoingtobesurroundedbycomputers-intheirpockets,in

theiroffices,intheirhomes——fortherestoftheirlives.Theyoungertheylearnhowcomputersthink,how

tocoaxthemachineintoproducingwhattheywant-theearliertheylearnthattheyhavethepowertodo

that—thebetter.

21.Cortinaholdsthatearlyexposuretocomputersciencemakesiteasierto.

[A]completefuturejobtraining[B]remodelthewayofthinking

[C]formulatelogicalhypotheses[D]perfectartworkproduction

22.Indeliveringlessonsforhigh-schoolers,Flatironhasconsideredtheir.

[A]experience[B]interest

[C]careerprospects[D]academicbackgrounds

23.DeborahSeehornbelievesthattheskillslearnedatFlatironwill.

[A]helpstudentslearnothercomputerlanguages

[B]havetobeupgradedwhennewtechnologiescome

[C]needimprovingwhenstudentslookforjobs

[D]enablestudentstomakebigquickmoney

24.Accordingtothelastparagraph,Flatironstudentsareexpectedto.

[A]competewithafuturearmyofprogrammers

[B]staylongerintheinformationtechnologyindustry

[C]becomebetterpreparedforthedigitalizedworld

[D]bringforthinnovativecomputertechnologies

25.Theword"coax"(Line4,Para.6)isclosestinmeaningto.

[A]persuade[B]challenge[C]frighten[D]misguide

Text2

Biologistsestimatethatasmanyas2millionlesserprairiechickens-akindofbirdlivingon

stretchinggrasslands一oncelentredtotheoftengraylandscapeofthemid-westernandsouthwestern

UnitedStates.Butjustsome22,000birdsremaintoday,occupyingabout16%ofthespecies'historic

range.

ThecrashwasamajorreasontheU.SFishandWildlifeService(USFWS)decidedtoformallylist

thebirdasthreatened."Thelesserprairiechickenisinadesperatesituation,saidUSFWSDirector

DanielAshe.Someenvironmentalists,however,weredisappointed.Theyhadpushedtheagencyto

designatethebirdas“endangered,“astatusthatgivesfederalofficialsgreaterregulatorypowertocrack

downonthreats.ButAsheandothersarguedthatthe“threatened“taggavethefederalgovernment

flexibilitytotryoutnew,potentiallylessconfrontationalconservationsapproaches.Inparticular,they

calledforforgingclosercollaborationswithwesternstategovernments,whichareoftenuneasywith

federalactionandwiththeprivatelandownerswhocontrolanestimated95%oftheprairiechicken's

habitat.

Undertheplan,forexample,theagencysaiditwouldnotprosecutelandownerorbusinessesthat

unintentionallykill,harm,ordisturbthebird,aslongastheyhadsignedarange—widemanagementplan

torestoreprairiechickenhabitat.NegotiatedbyUSFWSandthestates,theplanrequiresindividualsand

businessesthatdamagehabitataspartoftheiroperationstopayintoafundtoreplaceeveryacre

destroyedwith2newacresofsuitablehabitat.Thefundwillalsobeusedtocompensatelandownerswho

setasidehabitat,USFWSalsosetaninterimgoalofrestoringprairiechickenpopulationstoanannual

averageof67,000birdsoverthenext10years.AnditgivestheWesternAssociationofFishandWildlife

Agencies(WAFWA),acoalitionofstateagencies,thejobofmonitoringprogress.Overall,theideaisto

let“statesremaininthedriver'sseatformanagingthespecies,Ashesaid.

Noteveryonebuysthewin-winrhetoricSomeCongressmembersaretryingtoblocktheplan,andat

leastadozenindustrygroups,fourstates,andthreeenvironmentalgroupsarechallengingitinfederal

courtNotsurprisingly,doesn'tgofarenough“Thefederalgovernmentisgivingresponsibilityfor

managingthebirdtothesameindustriesthatarepushingittoextinction,saysbiologistJayLininger.

26.Themajorreasonfbrlistingthelesserprairieasthreatenedis.

[A]itsdrasticallydecreasedpopulation[B]theunderestimateofthegrasslandacreage

[C]adesperateappealfromsomebiologists[D]theinsistenceofprivatelandowners

27.The“threatened“tagdisappointedsomeenvironmentalistsinthatit.

[A]wasagive-intogovernmentalpressure[B]wouldinvolvefeweragenciesinaction

[C]grantedlessfederalregulatorypower[D]wentagainstconservationpolicies

28.ItcanbelearnedfromParagraphsthatunintentionalharm-doerswillnotbeprosecutedifthey.

[A]agreetopayasumforcompensation

fB]volunteertosetupanequallybighabitat

[C]offertosupporttheWAFWAmonitoringjob

[D]promisetoraisefundsforUSFWSoperations

29.AccordingtoAshe,theleadingroleinmanagingthespeciesin.

[A]thefederalgovernment[B]thewildlifeagencies

[C]thelandowners[D]thestates

30.JayLiningerwouldmostlikelysupport.

[A]industrygroups[B]thewin-winrhetoric

[C]environmentalgroups[D]theplanunderchallenge

Text3

Thateveryone'stoobusythesedaysisacliche.Butonespecificcomplaintismadeespecially

mournfully:There'sneveranytimetoread.

Whatmakestheproblemthornieristhattheusualtime-managementtechniquesdon'tseem

sufficient.Theweb'sfullofarticlesofferingtipsonmakingtimetoread:"GiveupTV"or“Carryabook

withyouatalltimes”Butinmyexperience,usingsuchmethodstofreeuptheodd30minutesdoesn't

work.Sitdowntoreadandtheflywheelofwork-relatedthoughtskeepsspinning-orelseyou'reso

exhaustedthatachallengingbook'sthelastthingyouneed.Themodernmind,TimParks,anovelistand

critic,writes,6tisoverwhelminglyinclinedtowardcommunication...Itisnotsimplythatoneisinterrupted;

itisthatoneisactuallyinclinedtointerruption”.Deepreadingrequiresnotjusttime,butaspecialkindof

timewhichcan'tbeobtainedmerelybybecomingmoreefficient.

Infact,"becomingmoreefficient“ispartoftheproblem.Thinkingoftimeasaresourcetobe

maximizedmeansyouapproachitinstrumentally,judginganygivenmomentaswellspentonlyinsofor

asitadvancesprogresstowardsomegoalimmersivereading,bycontrast,dependsonbeingwillingto

riskinefficiency,goallessness,eventime-wasting.Trytoslotitasato-dolistitemandyou'llmanage

onlygoal-focusedreading-useful,sometimes,butnotthemostfulfillingkind."Thefuturecomesatus

likeemptybottlesalonganunstoppableandnearlyinfiniteconveyorbelt,“writesGaryEberleinhisbook

SacredTime,and“wefeelapressuretofillthesedifferent-sizedbottles(days,hours,minutes)asthey

pass,foriftheygetbywithoutbeingfilled,wewillhavewastedthem”.Nomind-setcouldbeworsefor

losingyourselfinabook.

Sowhatdoeswork?Perhapssurprisingly,schedulingregulartimesforreading.You'dthinkthis

mightfueltheefficiencymind-set,butinfact,Eberlenotes,suchritualisticbehaviorhelpsus”step

outsidetime'sflow"into"soultime”.Youcouldlimitdistractionsbyreadingonlyphysicalbooks,oron

single-puqposee-readers."Carryabookwithyouatalltimes“canactuallywork,too-providingyoudipin

oftenenough,sothatreadingbecomesthedefaultstatefromwhichyoutemporarilysurfacetotakecare

ofbusiness,beforedroppingbackdown.Onareallygoodday,itnolongerfeelsasifyou9re“making

timetoread,^^butjustreading,andmakingtimeforeverythingelse.

31.Theusualtime-managementtechniquesdon'tworkbecause.

[A]whattheycanofferdoesnoteasethemodemmind

[B]whatchallengingbooksdemandisrepetitivereading

[C]whatpeopleoftenforgetiscarryingabookwiththem

[D]whatdeepreadingrequirescannotbeguaranteed

32.The“emptybottles^^metaphorillustratesthatpeoplefeelapressureto.

[A]updatetheirto-dolists[B]makepassingtimefulfilling

[C]carrytheirplansthrough[D]pursuecarefreereading

33.Eberlewouldagreethatschedulingregulartimesforreadinghelps.

[A]encouragetheefficiencymind-set[B]developonlinereadinghabits

[C]promoteritualisticreading[D]achieveimmersivereading

34."Carryabookwithyouatalltimes^^canworkif.

[A]readingbecomesyourprimarybusinessoftheday

[B]allthedailybusinesshasbeenpromptlydealtwith

[C]youareabletodropbacktobusinessafterreading

[D]timecanbeevenlysplitforreadingandbusiness

35.Thebesttitleforthistextcouldbe.

[A]HowtoEnjoyEasyReading[B]HowtoFindTimetoRead

[C]HowtoSetReadingGoals[D]HowtoReadExtensively

Text4

Againstabackdropofdrasticchangesineconomyandpopulationstructure,youngerAmericansare

drawinganew21st-centuryroadmaptosuccess,alatestpollhasfound.

Acrossgenerationallines,Americanscontinuetoprizemanyofthesametraditionalmilestonesofa

successfullife,includinggettingmarried,havingchildren,owningahome,andretiringintheirsixties.

Butwhileyoungandoldmostlyagreeonwhatconstitutesthefinishlineofafulfillinglife,theyoffer

strikinglydifferentpathsforreachingit.

Youngpeoplewhoarestillgettingstartedinlifeweremorelikelythanolderadultstoprioritize

personalfulfillmentintheirwork,tobelievetheywilladvancetheircareersmostbyregularlychanging

jobs,tofavorcommunitieswithmorepublicservicesandafasterpaceoflife,toagreethatcouples

shouldbefinanciallysecurebeforegettingmarriedorhavingchildren,andtomaintainthatchildrenare

bestservedbytwoparentsworkingoutsidethehome,thesurveyfound.

Fromcareertocommunityandfamily,thesecontrastssuggestthatintheaftermathofthesearing

GreatRecession,thosejuststartingoutinlifearedefiningprioritiesandexpectationsthatwill

increasinglyspreadthroughvirtuallyallaspectsofAmericanlife,fromconsumerpreferencestohousing

patternstopolitics.

Youngandoldconvergeononekeypoint:Overwhelmingmajoritiesofbothgroupssaidtheybelieve

itisharderforyoungpeopletodaytogetstartedinlifethanitwasforearliergenerations.Whileyounger

peoplearesomewhatmoreoptimisticthantheireldersabouttheprospectsforthosestartingouttoday,big

majoritiesinbothgroupsbelievethose"justgettingstartedinlife99faceatougheragood-payingjob,

startingafamily,managingdebt,andfindingaffordablehousing.

PeteSchneiderconsiderstheclimbtoughertoday.Schneider,a27-yaear-oldautotechnicianfromthe

Chicagosuburbssayshestruggledtofindajobaftergraduatingfromcollege.Evennowthatheis

workingsteadily,hesaid,"Ican'taffordtopaymamonthlymortgagepaymentsonmyown,soIhaveto

rentroomsouttopeopletomarkthathappen."Lookingback,heisstruckthathisparentscouldprovidea

comfortablelifefbrtheirchildreneventhoughneitherhadcompletedcollegewhenhewasyoung."Istill

grewupinanuppermiddle-classhomewithparentswhodidn'thavecollegedegrees,Schneidersaid.

don'tthinkpeoplearecapableofthatanymore/9

36.Onecross-generationmarkofasuccessfullifeis.

[A]tryingoutdifferentlifestyles[B]havingafamilywithchildren

[C]workingbeyondretirementage[D]settingupaprofitablebusiness

37.ItcanbelearnedfromParagraph3thatyoungpeopletendto.

[A]favoraslowerlifepace[B]holdanoccupationlonger

[C]attachimportancetopre-maritalfinance[D]giveprioritytochildcareoutsidethehome

38.Theprioritiesandexpectationsdefinedbytheyoungwill.

[A]becomeincreasinglyclear[B]focusonmaterialisticissues

[C]dependlargelyonpoliticalpreferences[D]reachalmostallaspectsofAmericanlife

39.Bothyoungandoldagreethat.

[A]good-payingjobsarelessavailable[B]theoldmademorelifeachievements

[C]housingloanstodayareeasytoobtain[D]gettingestablishedisharderfortheyoung

40.WhichofthefollowingistrueaboutSchneider?

[A]Hefoundadreamjobaftergraduatingfromcollege.

[B]Hisparentsbelieveworkingsteadilyisamustfbrsuccess.

[C]Hisparents9goodlifehaslittletodowithacollegedegree.

[D]Hethinkshisjobasatechnicianquitechallenging.

PartB

Directions:Readthefollowingtextandanswerthequestionsbychoosingthemostsuitablesubheading

fromthelistA-Gforeachofthenumberedparagraphs(41-45).Therearetvvoextra

subheadingswhichyoudonotneedtouse.MarkyouranswersontheANSWERSHEET.

[A]Besilly

fB]Havefun

[C]Askforhelp

fD]Expressyouremotions

[E]Don'tover-thinkit

[F]Beeasilypleased

[G]Noticethings

Asadults,itseemsthatweareconstantlypursuinghappiness,oftenwithmixedresults.Yetchildren

appeartohaveitdowntoanart-andforthemostparttheydon'tneedself-helpbooksortherapy.Instead,

theylookaftertheirwellbeinginstinctively,andusuallymoreeffectivelythanwedoasgrownups.

Perhapsit'stimetolearnafewlessonsfromthem.

41.___________________

Whatdoesachilddowhenhe'ssad?Hecries.Whenhe'sangry?Heshouts.Scared?Probablyabit

ofboth.Aswegrowup,welearntocontrolouremotionssotheyaremanageableanddon'tdictateour

behaviors,whichisinmanywaysagoodthing.Buttoooftenwetakethisprocesstoofarandendup

suppressingemotions,especiallynegativeones.That'saboutaseffectiveasbrushingdirtunderacarpet

andcanevenmakeusill.Whatweneedtodoisfindawaytoacknowledgeandexpresswhatwefeel

appropriately,andthen-againlikechildren-move.

42.__________________

AcoupleofChristmasesago,myyoungeststepdaughter,whowasnineyearsoldatthetime,gota

SupermanT-shirtforChristmas.Itcostlessthanafiverbutshewasoverjoyed,andcouldn'tstoptalking

aboutit.Toooftenwebelievethatanewjob,biggerhouseorbettercarwillbethemagicsilverbulletthat

willallowustofinallybecontent,buttherealityisthesethingshaveverylittlelastingimpactonour

happinesslevels.Instead,beinggratefulforsmallthingseverydayisamuchbetterwaytoimprove

wellbeing.

43.__________________

Haveyouevernoticedhowmuchchildrenlaugh?Ifweadultscouldindulgeinabitofsillinessand

giggling,wewouldreducethestresshormonesinourbodies,increasegoodhormoneslikeendorphins,

improvebloodflowtoourheartsandevenhaveagreaterchanceoffightingoffinfection.Allofwhich,of

course,haveapositiveeffectonhappinesslevels.

44.__________________

Theproblemwithbeingagrownupisthatthere'sanawfullotofseriousstufftodealwith-work,

mortgagepayments,figuringoutwhattocookfordinner.Butasadultswealsohavetheluxuryofbeing

abletocontrolourowndiariesandit'simportantthatwescheduleintimetoenjoythethingswelove.

Thosethingsmightbesocial,sporting,creativeorcompletelyrandom(dancingaroundthelivingroom,

anyone?)-itdoesn'tmatter,solongasthey'reenjoyable,andnotlikelytohavenegativesideeffects,such

asdrinkingtoomuchalcoholorgoingonawildspendingspreeifyou'reonatightbudget.

45.__________________

Havingsaidalloftheabove,it'simportanttoaddthatweshouldn'ttrytoohardtobehappy.

Scientiststellusthiscanbackfireand