Unit+2+Morals+and+Virtues+Discovering+Useful+Structures 高中英语人教版（2019）必修三

MoralsandVirtuesLesson4DiscoveringUsefulStructuresThe–ingformastheobjectcomplementandadverbial高一—人教版—英语必修三—第二单元1.DuringtheMid-AutumnFestivalinChina,familiesgathertoadmiretheshiningmoonandenjoydeliciousmooncakes.2.Histaskisdecoratingthecityhall.3.

Thinkingofallthepeoplestillinneedofhelp,Dr.Linopenedaprivateclinic.4.ThenewPeople’sRepublicofChinasawDr.LinQiaozhi

playingakeyrole.Observation:whatelementcan-ingformserveasinthefollowingsentences1.DuringtheMid-AutumnFestivalinChina,familiesgathertoadmiretheshiningmoonandenjoydeliciousmooncakes.shining

修饰名词moon分析：结论：shining

作定语（attribute）Observation:whatelementcan-ingformserveasinthefollowingsentences2.Histaskisdecoratingthecityhall.主语（subject）：谓语（predicate）：表语（

predicative

）：Histaskisdecoratingthecityhall作表语分析：结论：Observation:whatelementcan-ingformserveasinthefollowingsentences3.ThenewPeople’sRepublicofChinasawDr.LinQiaozhi

playingakeyrole.ThenewPeople’sRepublicofChinasawDr.LinQiaozhiplayingakeyrole.宾语(object)宾语补足语(objectcomplement)作宾语补足语分析：结论：Observation:whatelementcan-ingformserveasinthefollowingsentences4.Thinkingofallthepeoplestillinneedofhelp,Dr.Linopenedaprivateclinic.Thinkingofallthepeoplestillinneedofhelp,…=Becauseshethoughtofthepeoplestillinneedofhelp作原因状语（adverbial）分析：结论：Observation:whatelementcan-ingformservesasinthefollowingsentencesSummary在句子中,v-ingform可以充当：定语（attribute），表语（predicative），宾语补足语(objectcomplement)和状语（adverbial）。Focuson基本用法the–ing

formusedasobjectcomplement现在分词做宾语补足语观察归纳：动词-ing形式作宾语补足语常放在宾语后面,对宾语进行补充说明表示一个____________________的动作,强调一个过程或一种状态。正在进行的主动性

1.读句子，思考V-ing作宾语补足语的作用是什么？1)Whenwereturnedtotheschool,wefoundastrangerstanding

attheentrance.2)Thebosskepttheworkersworkingthewholenight.ThenewPeople’sRepublicofChinasawDr.LinQiaozhiplayingakeyrole.①在____,feel,hear,watch,notice等感官动词后可使用动词ing形式作宾语补足语，强调宾语正在进行的动作或状态。1.Wesawalight_______(burn)inthewindow.2.Ifelt

someone_______（pat）

meontheback.3.Canyousmellanything______(burn)?seeburningpattingburningPayattention在see,feel,hear,watch,notice等感官动词后既可使用动词-ing形式作宾语补足语，也可以用省略to的不定式作宾语补足语1.Isawhim(to)climbthehill.2.Isawhimclimbingthehill.

我看到他爬上山了。

（强调看到爬山的全过程）

我看到他在爬山。

（强调看到爬山的动作正在进行）Withsomanypeoplelookingather,shefeltnervous.②动词-ing形式位于_____、get、keep等使役动词之后,侧重表示动作的持续性。1.Iwon'thaveyou_____(do)that.2.Thissetme_____(think).3.I'msorrytohavekeptyou______(wait).4.Ican'tgettheclock______(go)again.Itiscold.Weshouldhavethefireburningallthetime.havedoingthinkingwaitinggoing【应用实践】单句语法填空。①Ifacookisfound

(smoke)inthekitchen,hewillbefired.②Iwon’thaveyou

(run)aboutintheroom.③Wesawtheteacher

(do)theexperiment.④Attheairport,amandressedinablacksuitwascaught

(spit)onthecleanfloor.smokingrunningdoingspittingFocuson基本用法the–ing

formusedasadverbial现在分词做状语现在分词作时间状语时，相当于时间状语从句。可在现在分词前加连词“when,while,until”等，使其时间意义更明确。Hearingthenews,hecouldn’thelplaughing.(作时间状语)=Whenheheardthenews,hecouldn’thelplaughing.听到那个消息,他不禁大笑起来。v-ing形式作时间状语e.g.Seeing

thepolice,hemadearunfortheexit.

一看到警察，他就朝出口奔去。分析：see的动作是由其逻辑主语“he”发出，与句子的主语he一致，且构成主动关系，所以用动词-ing形式。将下面的时间状语从句改写成简单句。Whenhewalkedoutoftheroom,hesawadog.Walkingoutoftheroom,hesawadog.1.作时间状语现在分词作原因状语时，可转换为由since,because或as引导的原因状语从句，这类状语多放在句子的前半部分。Beingpoor,hecouldn’taffordahouse.(作原因状语)=Becausehewaspoor,hecouldn’taffordahouse.因为穷,他买不起房子。v-ing形式作原因状语e.g.Being

ill,hedidn’tgotoschoolyesterday.

因为生病了，他昨天没有上学。分析:Heisill是Hedidn’tgotoschool的原因。be的逻辑主语和句子主语是一致,主动关系，用动词-ing形式Notknowingtheway,hegotlost.翻译句子：由于不认路，他迷路了。

Ashe____________________,hegotlost.didn’tknowtheway动词-ing形式的否定式是在其前面加not。2.作原因状语现在分词作条件状语时，可转换为if,once或unless等引导的条件状语从句。

Workinghard,you’llsurelysucceed.(作条件状语)=Ifyouworkhard,you’llsurelysucceed.如果你努力工作,就一定会成功。v-ing形式作条件状语e.g.Turning

totheleft,youwillseeaschool.

向左转你就会看到一所学校。Ifwe___________,wewillsucceed.翻译句子：努力学习,我们就会成功。Studyinghard,wewillsucceed.studyhard3.作条件状语现在分词作让步状语时，相当于一个以though/although引导的让步状语从句。Knowingthewholething,theystillmademepayforthedamage.(作让步状语)=Thoughtheyknewthewholething,theystillmademepayforthedamage.尽管他们知道整件事情的经过,却还让我赔偿损失。v-ing形式作让步状语e.g.Granting

thistobetrue,wecannotexplainit.

虽然我们承认这是事实，却无法予以说明。Knowingitisdifficult,Idon’tgiveup.翻译句子：虽然知道它很难，我也不放弃。AlthoughI_________________,Idon’tgiveup.knowitisdifficult4.作让步状语现在分词作方式，结果或伴随状语时，通常不能转换为状语从句，但可用并列分句代替。Theboysatinfrontofthefarmhouse,cuttingthebranch.(作伴随状语)=Theboysatinfrontofthefarmhouse,andhecutthebranch.那个男孩坐在农舍前砍树枝。Thechildslippedandfell,hittinghisheadagainstthedoor.(作结果状语)=Thechildslippedandfell,andhehithisheadagainstthedoor.那个男孩滑了一跤,头撞到了门上。v-ing形式作方式/结果/伴随状语e.g.Yougavemesuchafrightcreepinguponmelikethat!

你那样不声不响地从后面过来，吓我一跳！

用动词-ing形式作状语的结构翻译下列句子。请你用另一种方式回答问题。Pleaseanswerthequestionusinganotherway.作方式状语【探究总结】(1)动词-ing形式在句中作状语时,用来修饰谓语动词或整个句子,常表示动作发生的时间、原因、条件、结果、方式或表示伴随、让步等,并可以转换成相应的状语从句或并列句。(2)动词-ing形式作状语时,其逻辑主语一般是句子的主语。(3)动词-ing形式的否定式是在其前加not。(4)动词-ing形式前可加上适当的连词,如when、while、whenever、if、though、unless等强调前后动作的同时性或使动词-ing形式表达的含义更加明确。【应用实践】(1)单句语法填空。①

(see)thepictures,sherememberedherchildhood.②

(ill),hecouldn’tgotoschool.

③

(work)hard,you’llmakegreatprogressinEnglish.④Hisparentsdied,

(leave)himanorphan.⑤Hecame

(run)backtotellmethenews.⑥Shewalkedalongthestreet,

(sing)softlytoherself.⑦

(work)veryhard,hedidn’tfeelabittired.SeeingBeingillWorkingleavingrunningsingingWorking1.动词分为谓语动词和非谓语动词，当一个简单句或从句中已经出现了一个谓语动词或系动词，那么第二个动词要变成非谓语形式（V-ed/V-ing/todo）2.动词的非谓语可做除谓语之外的任何成分，如定语，宾语，表语，宾补，状语，主语等。3.非谓语中分词形式的选择要先找其逻辑主语，在判断其逻辑主语与非谓语间的关系，现在分词主动或进行，过去分词被动或完成。非谓语动词with的复合结构Withsomanypeoplelookingather,shefeltnervous.当--ing表示的动作于主句的动作同时或者在主语的动作之后发生，使用一般时：doing当--ing表示的动作发生在谓语动词之前时,应使用完成式:havingdone.

▶Readingthebook,henoddedfromtimetotime.看书时,他不时地点着头。▶Havingfinishedallhishomework,hewentouttoplay.完成所有作业之后,他就出去玩了。▶Beingsurrounded,theenemywasforcedtogivein.由于被包围着,敌人被迫投降。▶Havingbeentoldmanytimes,hestilldidn’tlearntheserulesbyheart.尽管被告知了很多次,他还是没记住这些规定。(2)动词-ing形式的被动式表示动作与逻辑主语是

关系。根据动词-ing形式的动作发生的时间,被动式有一般被动式

(表示动作

)和完成被动式

(表示动作

)。

被动beingdone正在被进行havingbeendone已经被完成3.动词-ing形式的特殊结构【观察思考】▶Therainhavingstopped,wewentonmarching.雨过之后,我们继续前进。▶Generallyspeaking,boyslikeplayingwithballswhilegirlslikeplayingwithdolls.一般来说,男孩喜欢玩球,而女孩喜欢玩娃娃。【探究总结】(1)独立主格结构。动词-ing形式作状语,有时可以有自己独立的

,这种结构称为

,通常用来表示伴随的动作或情况,也可以表示时间、原因或条件等。(2)有些动词-ing形式作状语,在句中没有逻辑上的主语而独立存在,用来修饰主句,表明说话者的态度、观点等,被称为

。常见的有:generally/strictly/franklyspeaking、judgingfrom、considering、supposing、providing等。逻辑主语独立主格结构评注性状语/悬垂分词Completethesentenceswiththecorrectformsostheverbsinthebox.feelwantfacesmilereturnworryhearknockHearingworryingwantingknockingFacingReturningsmilingFeeling1.Allcustomers