考研英语1986-1995年的阅读理解真题及分析

1986—1995考研阅读重点词汇及长难句翻译

1986Textl

Thereareagreatmanycareersinwhichtheincreasingemphasisison

specialization.Youfindthesecareersinengineering,inproduction,instatistical

work,andinteaching.Butthereisanincreasingdemandforpeoplewhoareableto

takeingreatareaataglance,peoplewhoperhapsdonotknowtoomuchaboutany

onefield.Thereis,inotherwords,ademandforpeoplewhoarecapableofseeingthe

forestratherthanthetrees,ofmakinggeneraljudgments.1Wecancallthesepeople

“generalists."Andthese“generalists“areparticularlyneededforpositionsin

administration,whereitistheirjobtoseethatotherpeopledothework,wherethey

havetoplanforotherpeople,toorganizeotherpeople'swork,tobeginitandjudgeit.

Thespecialistunderstandsonefield;hisconcerniswithtechniqueandtools.He

isa“trained''man;andhiseducationalbackgroundisproperlytechnicalor

professional.Thegeneralist-andespeciallytheadministrator-dealswithpeople;

hisconcerniswithleadership,withplanning,andwithdirectiongiving.Heisan

“educated"man;andthehumanitiesarehisstrongestfoundation.Veryrarelyisa

specialistcapableofbeinganadministrator.Andveryrarelyisagoodgeneralistalso

agoodspecialistinparticularfield.2Anyorganizationneedsbothkindsofpeople,

thoughdifferentorganizationsneedthemindifferentproportions.Itisyourtaskto

findout,duringyourtrainingperiod,intowhichofthetwokindsofjobsyoufit,and

toplanyourcareeraccordingly.3

Yourfirstjobmayturnouttobetherightjobforyou—butthisispureaccident.

Certainlyyoushouldnotchangejobsconstantlyorpeoplewillbecomesuspiciousof

yourabilitytoholdanyjob.Atthesametimeyoumustnotlookuponthefirstjobas

thefinaljob;itisprimarilyatrainingjob,anopportunitytounderstandyourselfand

yourfitnessforbeinganemployee.

26.Thereisanincreasingdemandfor.

[A]allroundpeopleintheirownfields

[B]peoplewhosejobistoorganizeotherpeople'swork

[C]generalistswhoseeducationalbackgroundiseithertechnicalorprofessional

[D]specialistswhosechiefconcernistoprovideadministrativeguidanceto

others

27.Thespecialistis.

[A]amanwhosejobistotrainotherpeople

[B]amanwhohasbeentrainedinmorethanonefields

[C]amanwhocanseetheforestratherthanthetrees

[D]amanwhoseconcernismainlywithtechnicalorprofessionalmatters

28.Theadministratoris.

[A]a"trained“manwhoismoreaspecialistthanageneralist

[B]amanwhoseesthetreesaswellastheforest

[C]amanwhoisverystronginthehumanities

[D]amanwhoisan“educated“specialist

29.Duringyourtrainingperiod,itisimportant.

[A]totrytobeageneralist

[B]tochooseaprofitablejob

[C]tofindanorganizationwhichfitsyou

[D]todecidewhetheryouarefittobeaspecialistorageneralist

30.Aman'sfirstjob.

[A]isnevertherightjobforhim

fB]shouldnotberegardedashisfinaljob

[C]shouldnotbechangedorpeoplewillbecomesuspiciousofhisabilitytohold

anyjob

[D]isprimarilyanopportunitytofithimselfforhisfinaljob

重点词汇：

specialization:n.特别化;专门化;（意义的）限定

Therehasbeenincreasedeconomicspecializationthroughoutthecountry.

整个国家的经济专门化程度越来越高。

statistical:adj.统计的，统计学的，以数据表示的

They'remakingdetailedstatisticalanalysis.

他们正在做具体的统计分析。

suspicious：adj.表示怀疑的

Thepolicearesuspiciousofhisalibibecausehealreadyhasarecord.

警方对他不在场的辩解表示怀疑,因为他已有前科。

seethat:注意，务必,保证

Seethatthedoorislockedbeforeyouleave.

离开时一定要锁门。

thehumanities：人文学科

长难句：

1.然而对另一种人的需求也在增加，这种人或许对某一特定领域所知有

限但他们视野开阔，能将大片风景收入眼底。换言之，社会对于“见

林而不见木”即能够作出一般性判断的人才有需求。

2.很少有专家能成为管理者，而优秀的通才也很难成为某一特定领域的

专家。

3.在求学过程中弄清自己适合这两种工作中的哪一种从而进行自身的职

业规划，责任在你。

Text2

AtthebottomoftheworldliesamightycontinentstillwrappedintheIceAge

and,untilrecenttimes,unknowntoman.Itisagreatlandmasswithmountainranges

whoseextentandelevationarestilluncertain.Muchofthecontinentisacomplete

blankonourmaps.Manhasexplored,onfoot,lessthanonepercentofitsarea.

AntarcticadiffersfundamentallyfromtheArcticregions.TheArcticisanocean,

coveredwithdriftingpackediceandhemmedinbythelandmassesofEurope,Asia,

andNorthAmerica.TheAntarcticisacontinentalmostaslargeasEuropeand

Australiacombined,centeredroughlyontheSouthPoleandsurroundedbythemost

unobstructedwaterareasoftheworld-theAtlantic,Pacific,andIndianOceans.1

Thecontinentalicesheetismorethantwomileshighinitscentre,thus,theair

overtheAntarcticisfarmorerefrigeratedthanitisovertheArcticregions.Thiscold

aircurrentfromthelandissoforcefulthatitmakesthenearbyseasthestormiestin

theworldandrendersunlivablethoseregionswhosecounterpartsattheoppositeend

oftheglobeareinhabited/Thus,morethanamillionpersonslivewithin2,000miles

oftheNorthPoleinanareathatincludesmostofAlaska,Siberia,andScandinavia—

aregionrichinforestandminingindustries.Apartfromahandfulofweatherstations,

withinthesamedistanceoftheSouthPolethereisnotasingletree,industry,or

settlement.

31.Thebesttitleforthisselectionwouldbe.

[A]Iceland

[B]LandofOpportunity

[C]TheUnknownContinent

[D]UtopiaatLast

32.Atthetimethisarticlewaswritten,ourknowledgeofAntarcticawas.

[A]verylimited

[B]vast

[C]fairlyrich

[D]nonexistent

33.Antarcticaisborderedbythe.

[A]PacificOcean

[B]IndianOcean

[C]AtlanticOcean

[D]Allthree

34.TheAntarcticismadeuninhabitableprimarilyby.

[A]coldair

[Blcalmseas

[C]ice

[D]lackofknowledgeaboutthecontinent

35.Accordingtothisarticle.

[A]2,000peopleliveontheAntarcticContinent

[B]amillionpeoplelivewithin2,000milesoftheSouthPole

[C]weatherconditionswithina2,000mileradiusoftheSouthPolemake

settlementsimpractical

[D]onlyahandfulofnativesinhabitAntarctica

重点词汇：

hem:vt.包围（另有名词词义：布的褶边）

Thesoldierswerehemmedinonallsides.

士兵们被四面包围了。

unobstructed:adj.不被阻塞的；没有障碍的；畅通无阻的

Laythemontheirsideandensuretheairwayisunobstructed.

让他们侧躺着，并确保呼吸道畅通。

render:vt.致使

Hisstammerrenderedhimunfitforateachingjob.

他的口吃毛病使他不宜担任教职。

inhabit:vt.居住于，栖居于

Woodpeckersinhabithollowtrees.

啄木鸟栖息在中空的树中。

长难句：

1北极是一片海洋，为漂流的冰块所覆盖，四周被欧洲，亚洲和北美洲所包

围。南极则是一块大陆，有欧洲和澳洲加起来那么大，约略以南磁极为中心，

四周被地球上最辽阔的水域一大西洋、太平洋和印度洋所围绕。

2南极大陆上的这股寒流如此强劲，以致其附近区域成了世界上风暴最猛烈的

海域；寒流导致这些区域不适合人类居住，而地球另一端的相同位置却住上了

人。

SectionIII:ReadingComprehension(10points)

26.[B]27.[D]28.[C]29.[D]30.[B]

31.[C]32.[A]33.[D]34.[A]35.[C]

1987Text1

Forcenturiesmendreamedofachievingverticalflight.In400A.D.Chinese

childrenplayedwithafan-liketoythatspunupwardsandfellbacktoearthasrotation

ceased.LeonardodaVinciconceivethefirstmechanicalapparatus,calleda“Helix,“

whichcouldcarrymanstraightup,butwasonlyadesignandwasnevertested.

Theancient-dreamwasfinallyrealizedin1940whenaRussianengineerpiloted

astrangelookingcraftofsteeltubingwitharotatingfanontop.Itroseawkwardly

andverticallyintotheairfromastandingstart,hoveredafewfeetabovetheground,

wentsidewaysandbackwards,andthensettledbacktoearth.Thevehiclewascalleda

helicopter.1

Imaginationswerefired.Mendreamedofgoingtoworkintheirownpersonal

helicopters.Peopleanticipatethatverticalflighttransportswouldcarrymillionsof

passengersasdotheairlinersoftoday.Suchfantasticexpectationswerenotfulfilled.

Thehelicopterhasnowbecomeanextremelyusefulmachine.Itexcelsin

militarymissions,carryingtroops,gunsandstrategicinstrumentswhereotheraircraft

cannotgo.Corporationsusethemasairborneoffices,manymetropolitanareasuse

theminpolicework,constructionandloggingcompaniesemploytheminvarious

advantageousways,engineersusethemforsiteselectionandsurveying,andoil

companiesusethemasthebestwaytomakeoffshoreandremoteworkstations

accessibletocrewsandsupplies.2Anyurgentmissiontoahard-to-get-toplaceisa

likelytaskforahelicopter.Amongtheirothermultitudeofused:deliverpeopleacross

town,flytoandfromairports,assistinrescuework,andaidinthesearchformissing

orwantedpersons.

11.Peopleexpectthat.

[A]theairlinersoftodaywouldeventuallybereplacedbyhelicopters

[B]helicopterswouldsomedaybeabletotransportlargenumberofpeoplefrom

placetoplaceasairlinersarenowdoing

[C]theimaginationsfiredbytheRussianengineer'sinventionwouldbecomea

realityinthefuture

[D]theirfantasticexpectationsabouthelicopterscouldbefulfilledbyairlinersof

today

12.Helicoptersworkwiththeaidof.

[A]acombinationofrotatingdevicesinfrontandontop

[B]arotatingdevicetopside

[C]onerotatingfaninthecenteroftheaircraftandothersateachend

[D]arotatingfanunderneathforlifting

13.Whatissaidaboutthedevelopmentofthehelicopter?

[A]Helicoptershaveonlybeenworkedonbymansince1940.

[B]Chinesechildrenwerethefirsttoachieveflightinhelicopters.

[C]Helicopterswereconsideredmoredangerousthantheearlyairplanes.

[D]Somepeoplethoughttheywouldbecomewidelyusedbyaverage

individuals.

14.Howhastheuseofhelicoptersdeveloped?

[A]Theyhavebeenwidelyusedforvariouspurposes.

[B]Theyaretakingtheplaceofhigh-flyingjets.

[C]Theyareusedforrescuework.

[D]Theyarenowusedexclusivelyforcommercialprojects.

15.Underwhatconditionsarehelicoptersfoundtobeabsolutelyessential?

[A]Foroverseaspassengertransportation.

fB]Forextremelyhighaltitudeflights.

[C]Forhigh-speedtransportation.

[D]Forurgentmissiontoplacesinaccessibletootherkindsofcraft.

重点词汇：

apparatus：n.器械，仪器；设备，装置

Theyhaveinstalledwirelessapparatusonboard.

他们已在船上安装了无限电设备。

anticipate：vt.期望；预料

Thedirectorsanticipatedafallindemand.

董事们预感需求会降低。

ThefirstquestionisonewhichJasonhasanticipated.

第一个问题是杰森料到的。

airborne：adj.在空中的，（飞机）在飞行中的；空运的，空中运输的；机

载的；空气传播的

Thealbatrosscanstayairborneatseafordaysatatime.

信天翁在海上可以一连在空中待几天。

accessible：adj.容易取得的，容易获得的，容易达到的；可接近的，可

进入的；易接近的，易进入的；（指人）易见到的，易相处的，平易近

人的，可与之打交道的；可理解的，易懂的；易受影响的，易感染

的，易受引诱的

Medicineshouldnotbekeptwhereitisaccessibleto

children.

药品不应放在儿童容易拿到的地方。

长难句：

1.它从原地垂直升空，显得很笨拙，在离地儿英尺高的地方盘旋了一会

儿，时而向侧面倾斜，时而向后倒，最后落回地面。

2.企业把直升飞机当空中办公室使用，许多大都市区则将其用于警务工

作，建筑业和伐木业也在很多方面对其加以应用并从中获益，工程师

将它们用于场地选择与调查研究，而石油公司认为它们是将人员和供

给送达离岸和远距离工作站的最好方式。

Text2

InancientGreeceathleticfestivalswereveryimportantandhadstrongreligious

associations.TheOlympianathleticfestivalheldeveryfouryearsinhonorofZeus,

kingoftheOlympianGods,eventuallylostitslocalcharacter,becamefirstanational

eventandthen,aftertherulesagainstforeigncompetitorshadbeenabolished,

international.1NooneknowsexactlyhowfarbacktheOlympicGamesgo,butsome

officialrecordsdatefrom776B.C.ThegamestookplaceinAugustontheplainby

MountOlympus.ManythousandsofspectatorsgatheredfromallpartsofGreece,but

nomarriedwomanwasadmittedevenasaspectator.Slaves,womenanddishonored

personswerenotallowedtocompete.Theexactsequenceofeventsuncertain,but

eventsincludedboy'sgymnastics,boxing,wrestling,horseracingandfieldevents,

thoughtherewerefewersportsinvolvedthaninthemodernOlympicGames.

OnthelastdayoftheGames,allthewinnerswerehonoredbyhavingaringof

holyoliveleavesplacedontheirheads.Sogreatwasthehonorthatthewinnerofthe

footracegavehisnametotheyearofhisvictory.AlthoughOlympicwinnersreceived

noprizemoney,theywere,infact,richlyrewardedbytheirstateauthorities.How

theirresultscomparedwithmodernstandards,weunfortunatelyhavenomeansof

telling.

Afteranuninterruptedhistoryofalmost1,200years,theGamesweresuspended

bytheRomansin394A.D.Theycontinuedforsuchalongtimebecausepeople

believedinthephilosophybehindtheOlympics:theideathatahealthybody

producedahealthymind,andthatthespiritofcompetitioninsportsandgameswas

preferabletothecompetitionthatcausedwars.Itwasover1,500yearsbeforeanother

suchinternationalathleticgatheringtookplaceinAthensin1896.

Nowadays,theGamesareheldindifferentcountriesinturn.Thehostcountry

providesvastfacilities,includingastadium,swimmingpoolsandliving

accommodation,butcompetingcourtierspaytheirownathletes9expenses.

TheOlympicsstartwiththearrivalinthestadiumofatorch,lightedonMount

Olympusbythesun'srays.Itiscarriedbyasuccessionofrunnerstothestadium.The

torchsymbolizedthecontinuationoftheancientGreekathleticideals,anditbums

throughouttheGamesuntiltheclosingceremony.Thewell-knownOlympicflag,

however,isamodernconception:thefiveinterlockingringssymbolizetheunitingof

allfivecontinentsparticipatingintheGames.

16.InancientGreece,theOlympicGames.

[A]weremerelynationalathleticfestivals

[B]wereinthenatureofanationaleventwithastrongreligiouscolour

[C]hadruleswhichputforeignparticipantsinadisadvantageousposition

[D]wereprimarilynationaleventswithfewforeignparticipants

17.IntheearlydaysofancientOlympicGames.

[A]onlymaleGreekathleteswereallowedtoparticipateinthegames

[B]allGreeks,irrespectiveofsex,religionorsocialstatus,wereallowedtotake

part

[C]allGreeks,withtheexceptionofwomen,wereallowedtocompeteinGames

[D]allmaleGreekswerequalifiedtocompeteintheGames

18.TheorderofathleticeventsattheancientOlympics.

[A]hasnotdefinitelybeenestablished

[B]variedaccordingtothenumberofforeigncompetitors

[C]wasdecidedbyZeus,inwhosehonortheGameswereheld

[D]wasconsideredunimportant

19.Modernathletes5resultscannotbecomparedwiththoseofancientrunners

because.

[A]theGreekshadnomeansofrecordingtheresults

[B]theyaremuchbetter

[C]detailssuchasthetimewerenotrecordedinthepast

[D]theyaremuchworse

20.Nowadays,theathletes9expensesarepaidfor.

[A]outoftheprizemoneyofthewinners

[B]outofthefundsraisedbythecompetingnations

[C]bytheathletesthemselves

[D]bycontributions

重点词汇：

association：n.联想，联想物

Whatassociationdoyouhavewiththecolorgreen?

绿色会使你产生什么联想？

abolish：vt.废除,废止

TheAmericansabolishedslaveryin1863.

美国于1863年废除奴隶制度。

dishonor：vt.使丢脸，使受耻辱

Hedishonoredhisteambycheatingduringthecompetition.

他在比赛时作弊,使他的队蒙受耻辱。

suspend：vt.暂停，终止

Bothsidesintheconflicthaveagreedtemporarilytosuspendhostilities.

冲突双方同意暂时停火。

interlocking：连锁的，连扣的

inhonorof：为了向…表示敬意;纪念…

Abanquetwasgiveninhonorofthedistinguishedguests.

宴会是为了向贵宾们致敬而举行的。

长难句：

1.奥林匹亚运动会是为了向奥林匹斯众神之王宙斯致敬而举行的，每四

年举行一次；该运动会最终失却了其地方性质，先是变成一个全国性

赛事，在反对外国运动员参赛的规则废除后则成了国际性的赛事。

Text3

Insciencethemeaningoftheword“explain"sufferswithcivilization'severy

stepinsearchofreality.Sciencecannotreallyexplainelectricity,magnetism,and

gravitation;theireffectscanbemeasuredandpredicted,butoftheirnaturenomoreis

knowntothemodemscientistthantoThaleswhofirstlookedintothenatureofthe

electrificationofamber,ahardyellowish-browngum.1Mostcontemporaryphysicists

rejectthenotionthatmancaneverdiscoverwhatthesemysteriousforces“really"are.

“Electricity,“BertrandRussellsays,“isnotathing,likeSt.Paul'sCathedral;itisa

wayinwhichthingsbehave.Whenwehavetoldhowthingsbehavewhentheyare

electrified,andunderwhatcircumstancestheyareelectrified,wehavetoldallthereis

toUntilrecentlyscientistswouldhavedisapprovedofsuchanidea.Aristotle,for

example,whosenaturalsciencedominatedWesternthoughtfortwothousandyears,

believedthatmancouldarriveatanunderstandingofrealitybyreasoningfromself-

evidentprinciples.2Hefelt,forexample,thatitisaself-evidentprinciplethat

everythingintheuniversehasitsproperplace,henceonecandeducethatobjectsfall

tothegroundbecausethat'swheretheybelong,andsmokegoesupbecausethat's

whereitbelongs.ThegoalofAristoteliansciencewastoexplainwhythingshappen.

ModemsciencewasbornwhenGalileobegantryingtoexplainhowthingshappen

andthusoriginatedthemethodofcontrolledexperimentwhichnowformsthebasis

ofscientificinvestigation.3

21.Theaimofcontrolledscientificexperimentsis.

[A]toexplainwhythingshappen

[B]toexplainhowthingshappen

[C]todescribeself-evidentprinciples

[D]tosupportAristotelianscience

22.Whatprinciplesmostinfluencedscientificthoughtfortwothousandyears?

[A]thespeculationsofThales

[B]theforcesofelectricity,magnetism,andgravity

[C]Aristotle'snaturalscience

[D]Galileo'sdiscoveries

23.BertrandRusselfsnotionaboutelectricityis.

[A]disapprovedofbymostmodernscientists

[B]inagreementwithAristotle'stheoryofself-evidentprinciples

[C]inagreementwithscientificinvestigationdirectedtoward"how”things

happen

[D]inagreementwithscientificinvestigationdirectedtoward"why”things

happen

24.Thepassagesaysthatuntilrecentlyscientistsdisagreedwiththeidea.

[Althattherearemysteriousforcesintheuniverse

[B]thatmancannotdiscoverwhatforces“really”are

[C]thatthereareself-evidentprinciples

[D]thatwecandiscoverwhythingsbehaveastheydo

25.Modernsciencecameintobeing.

[A]whenthemethodofcontrolledexperimentwasfirstintroduced

[B]whenGalileosucceededinexplaininghowthingshappen

[C]whenAristotelianscientisttriedtoexplainwhythingshappen

[D]whenscientistswereabletoacquireanunderstandingofrealityofreasoning

重点词汇：

predict：vt.&vi.预言；预测；预示

Ipredictedtheirgettingintotrouble.

我料到他们会倒霉。

dominate：vt.&vi.控制，支配,统治，左右，影响

Forpoliticiansonequestiondominatesallothers:whoisgoingtopay?

对政治家来说，一个问题足以压倒其他一切问题，即谁来买单？

deduce：vt.推论，演绎

Onecanonlydeducethatthemilitaryarewatchingthesituation.

我们只能推断，军队正在观望事态发展。

originate：vt.创造，仓4始,开创;发明

Theuseofsteamoriginatedmanyotherreforms.

蒸汽的使用引起了许多其他变革。

长难句：

1.这些科学概念的效应能够被测量及预测，但论及其性质，现代科学家

不会比泰勒斯知道得更多，后者是从事琥珀（一种棕黄色的坚硬树

胶）电气化性质研究的第一人。

2.例如亚里士多德就相信，以不证自明的原则作指导进行推理人是能够

了解事实真相的，而他的自然科学思想统治了西方两千年。

3.现代科学始于伽利略开始试着去解释事情是怎么发生的，由此产生了

控制实验法，进而形成了现在科学调查的基础。

SectionII:ReadingComprehension(15points)

11.fB]12.fB]13.[D]14.[A]15.[D]

16.[B]17.[A]18.[A]19.[C]20.[B]

21.[B]22.[C]23.[C]24.[B]25.[A]

1988Text1

Itdoesn'tcomeasasurprisetoyoutorealizethatitmakesnodifferencewhat

youreadorstudyifyoucan'trememberit.Youjustwasteyourvaluabletime.Maybe

youhavealreadydiscoveredsomecleverwaystokeepyourselffromforgetting.

Onedependableaidthatdoeshelpyourememberwhatyoustudyistohavea

specificpurposeorreasonforreading.Yourememberbetterwhatyoureadwhenyou

knowwhyyou'rereading.

Whydoesaclerkinastoregoawayandleaveyouwhenyourreplytoheroffer

tohelpis,“No,thankyou.I'mjustlooking"?Bothyouandsheknowthatifyou

aren'tsurewhatyouwant,youarenotlikelytofindit.Butsupposeyousayinstead,

“Yes,thankyou.Iwantapairofsunglasses."Shesays,"Rightthisway,please.^^And

youandsheareoff--botheagertolookforexactlywhatyouwant.

It'squitethesamewithyourstudying.Ifyouchoseabookatrandom,“just

looking^^fornothinginparticular,youarelikelytogetjustthat-nothing.Butifyou

doknowwhatyouwant,andifyouhavetherightbook,youarealmostsuretogetit.

Yourreasonswillvary;theywillincludereadingorstudying“tofindoutmoreabout”,

“tounderstandthereasonsfor”,“tofindouthow”.Agoodstudenthasaclearpurpose

orreasonforwhatheisdoing.1

Thisisthewayitworks.Beforeyoustarttostudy,yousaytoyourselfsomething

likethis,“IwanttoknowwhyStephenVincentBenethappenedtowriteabout

America.I'mreadingthisarticletofindout.^^Or,'Tmgoingtoskimthisstorytosee

whatlifewaslikeinmedievalEngland.^^Becauseyouknowwhyyouarereadingor

studying,yourelatetheinformationtoyourpurposeandrememberitbetter.

Readingisnotonesingleactivity.Atleasttwoimportantprocessesgoonatthe

sametime.Asyouread,youtakeinideasrapidlyandaccurately.Butatthesame

timeyouexpressyourownideastoyourselfasyoureacttowhatyouread.2Youhave

akindofmentalconversationwiththeauthor.Ifyouexpressedyourideasorally,they

mightsoundlikethis:"Yes,Iagree.That'smyopiniontoo."or"Ummmm,Ithought

thatrecordwasbrokenmuchearlier.I'dbettercheckthosedates,"or"Butthereare

someotherfactstobeconsidered!,9Youdon'tjustsittheretakinginideas-youdo

somethingelse,andthatsomethingelseisveryimportant.

Thisadditionalprocessofthinkingaboutwhatyoureadincludesevaluatingit,

relatingittowhatyoualreadyknow,andusingitforyourownpurposes.Inother

words,agoodreaderisacriticalreader.Onepartofcriticalreading,asyouhave

discovered,isdistinguishingbetweenfactsandopinions.Factscanbecheckedby

evidence.Opinionsareone'sownpersonalreactions.

Anotherpartofcriticalreadingisjudgingsources.Stillanotherpartisdrawing

accurateinferences.

16.Ifyoucannotrememberwhatyoureadorstudy,.

[A]itisnosurprise

[B]itmeansyouhavenotreallylearnedanything

[C]itmeansyouhavenotchosentherightbook

[D]yourealizeitisofnoimportance

17.Beforeyoustartreading,itisimportant.

[A]tomakesurewhyyouarereading

[B]torelatetheinformationtoyourpurpose

[C]torememberwhatyouread

fD]tochooseaninterestingbook

18.Readingactivityinvolves.

[A]onlytwosimultaneousprocesses

[B]primarilylearningaboutideasandevaluatingthemcritically

[C]merelydistinguishingbetweenfactsandopinions

[D]mainlydrawingaccurateinferences

19.Agoodreaderisonewho.

[A]relateswhathereadstohisownknowledgeaboutthesubjectmatter

[B]doeslotsofthinkinginhisreading

[C]takesacriticalattitudeinhisreading

[D]isabletocheckthefactspresentedagainstwhathehasalreadyknown

重点词汇：

skim：vt.&vi.掠过,轻轻擦过；略读,浏览

It'simportantforyoutoskimthroughthetext.

浏览课文对你来说很重要。

medieval：adj.中古的，中世纪的

Spanishboats,followingthetraditionsofthemedievalBasques,fishall

overtheworld.

遵循中世纪巴斯克人传统的西班牙渔船，仍在世界各地捕鱼。

accurately：adv.正确无误地，准确地

Thearticleaccuratelyreflectspublicopinion.

文章如实反映了公众的意见。

evaluate：vt.评价,估计，估价

Itjustgivesyoufeedbacktohelpyouevaluateyourfitnesstocomplete

tasksthatrequirelotsofeffortandconcentration.

它只是给你一些反馈来帮助你评估是否适合做一些需要很多精力集中

的任务。

distinguish：vt.&vi,辨别,区别

Wecandistinguishbetweengoldandsilver.

我们能区分金和银。

atrandom：任意地；随便地

Theteachermightsuddenlyaddressindividualstudentsatrandom.

老师可能随意突然地与个别学生谈话。

长难句：

1.阅读或学习的原因可能多种多样，包括“想更多地了解某事某物”“想

明白某事某物其中的原因”“想了解某事某物是怎样发生的”。

2.阅读时你快速而准确地吸收着别人的想法，但与此同时当你对所读材

料作出反应时你也向自己表达了你的想法。

Text2

Ifyouliveinalargecity,youarequitefamiliarwithsomeoftheproblemsof

noise,butbecauseofsomeofitsharmfuleffects,youmaynotbeawareoftheextent

ofitsinfluenceonhumanbehavior.Althougheveryonemoreorlessknowswhatnoise

is,i.e.,itissoundsthatonewouldrathernothear,itisperhapsbesttodefineitmore

preciselyforscientificpurposes.Onesuchdefinitionisthatnoiseissoundsthatare

unrelatedtothetaskathand.Thusstimulithatatonetimemightbeconsidered

relevantwillatanothertimebeconsiderednoise,dependingonwhatoneisdoingat

themoment.1Inrecentyearstherehasbeenagreatdealofinterestintheeffectsof

noiseonhumanbehavior,andconceptssuchas“noisepollution^^havearisen,together

withmovementstoreducenoise.

Exposuretoloudnoisescandefinitelyproduceapartialorcompletelossof

hearing,dependingontheintensity,duration,andfrequencycompositionofthenoise.

Manyjobspresentnoisehazards,suchasworkinginfactoriesandaroundjetaircraft,

drivingfarmtractors,andworking(orsitting)inmusichallswhererockbandsare

playing.Ingeneral,continuousexposuretosoundsofover80decibels(ameasureof

theloudnessofsound)canbeconsidereddangerous.Decibelvaluescorrespondto

varioussounds.Soundsaboveabout85decibelsmay,ifexposureisforasufficient

periodoftime,producesignificanthearingloss.Actuallosswilldependuponthe

particularfrequenciestowhichoneisexposed,andwh