高考总复习优化设计二轮用书英语(新高考)专题3 NO.2　易错防范•明辨“陷阱”不丢分

高考总复习优化设计GAOKAOZONGFUXIYOUHUASHEJI2024专题三完形填空NO.2易错防范•明辨“陷阱”不丢分易错点1易错点2目录索引0102易错点303易错点404易错点1因惯性思维而错选在英语学习中,由于种种原因,如考生的母语、知识面、思维习惯等都有可能令考生出现一些思维定式现象,即不善于思考,考虑问题也不全面,导致误解一些题目,从而抑制思维能力的发展。完形填空解题中考生常因惯性思维而失分。[典例](2020新高考全国Ⅰ卷节选)

31

young

plants

in

the

dry

season

was

32.tough

for

a

lone

boy.Molai

built

at

the

33.top

of

each

sapling

(幼树)

a

bamboo

platform,where

he

placed

earthen

pots

with

small

holes

to

34.collect

rainwater.The

water

would

then

drip

(滴落)

on

the

plants

below.

31.A.Decorating

B.ObservingC.Watering

D.Guarding

▶分析

受思维习惯的影响,考生看到空后的young

plants就会想到去“保护”小树,因此考生易误选D项。但是,综合下文我们可以得知,本段主要描述的是Molai如何给小树浇水的过程。[自主解答]

C易错点2因不明一词多义或熟词生义而错选在最近几年的高考完形填空中,一词多义或熟词生义的考查屡见不鲜,这往往也是考生容易忽视的地方。很多考生由于不懂这些熟词的“新义”而出现思维堵塞,造成了不应有的失分。下面我们选取具有代表性的试题加以分析,以帮助考生熟悉其命题特点,从而跳出命题人设置的词汇“陷阱”。

[典例1](2022新高考全国Ⅰ卷)

I

was

43.worried

that

our

15-month-old

boy

would

fall

into

the

creek

(小溪).I

tied

a

rope

around

his

waist

to

keep

him

near

to

our

spot.That

lasted

about

ten

minutes.He

was

44.uncomfortable,and

his

crying

let

the

whole

campground

know

it.So

45.instead

of

tying

him

up,I

just

kept

a

close

eye

on

him.It

46

—

he

didn’t

end

up

in

the

creek.My

three-year-old,however,did.

46.A.worked

B.happened

C.mattered

D.changed

▶分析

本题考查work的熟词生义。work在本句中意为“奏效;产生预期的结果”。结合上下文可知,此处指的是作者的做法取得了预期的效果——15个月大的孩子确实没有掉进小溪里。[自主解答]

A[典例2](2022全国甲卷)

The

next

week

we

47

our

dogs

together.It

was

a

hot

day.When

we

paused

to

catch

our

48.breath,Steve

got

down

on

one

knee.Was

he

proposing

(求婚)?I

liked

him

too,but

so

49.soon?He

poured

water

from

a

bottle

into

his

hand

and

offered

it

to

my

dogs.50.In

that

moment,I

began

to

fall

for

him.

47.A.tied

B.walked

C.bathed

D.fed

▶分析

此题考查walk的熟词生义。walk此处意为“牵着(动物)走;遛”,又由上下文提供的语境并结合常识可知,作者和史蒂夫在一起遛狗。[自主解答]

B易错点3因词汇理解障碍而错选在完形填空题的设题上,命题者还往往将一些考生平常容易忽视的词汇或不常用的生僻词汇设置成选项,从而造成考生错选。对于这些词汇,考生在平时应注意积累、识记。[典例](2022全国乙卷节选)

For

a

long

time,this

ineffective

hiding

method

was

44

as

evidence

that

children

are

hopelessly

“egocentric”

(自我中心的)

creatures.But

our

45.surprising

research

results

in

child

developmental

psychology

46

that

idea.

44.A.supported

B.guaranteedC.imagined

D.interpreted46.A.explained

B.confirmedC.contradicted

D.tested

▶分析

节选段的语意为:很长一段时间以来,这种无效的隐藏方法被解释为儿童是完全的“以自我为中心的”生物的证据。

但我们在儿童发展心理学方面的令人惊讶的研究结果反驳了这一观点。结合语境和选项可知,以上两个小题的正确答案分别是interpreted和contradicted。如果考生未能掌握这两个相对生僻的考纲词汇,准确作答的难度可能较大。所以考生在平时复习时应注意加强词汇积累,并在练习和考试中不断提高有效利用上下文中的提示信息的能力。[自主解答]44.

46.

DC易错点4因缺乏全篇关联思维而错选语篇层次题的解题信息不局限于某一句或某一句群,而是分散在某一段或几段甚至全篇,这就要求学生理解整篇文章,抓住全文的脉络、作者的思想、意图或主人公的心理,然后进行准确的推理、判断,从而做出正确的选择。对于此类题目,一定要坚持这样一个原则——不急于解答,读完全文后综合考虑再做判定。[典例](2022浙江1月卷)When

Beverley

Burdeyney

turned

seventy-four

last

year,she

started

having

problems

with

her

36

,notably

dryness

and

discomfort.

...Eventually,Ms.Burdeyney

learned

about

plans

for

an

eye

research

43.program

at

Tel

Aviv

University

in

Israel.The

research

team

44.included

Canadian

doctor

Allan

Slomovic,who

has

done

45.ground-breaking

work

on

eye

care

using

stem

cells.36.A.throat

B.skinC.lungs

D.eyes

▶分析

本题是典型的语篇层次题,只看题目所在的句子我们是无法确定答案的,此类题目需要综合全篇来找线索。根据下文的“Eventually,Ms.Burdeyney

learned

about

plans

for

an

eye

research”可知,此处表示Burdeyney女士的眼睛开始出现问题了。[自主解答]

D课堂应用A(2021新高考全国Ⅱ卷)Overthepast38years,Mr.Wanghaspretendedtobesomeoneelsemanytimes,andhasevenlearnedto

1

differentdialects(方言),leadingtohimbeingdescribedasan“Oscar-winningactor”.

The60-year-oldisnotanactor,buta

2

.However,heismoredevotedtohis“

3

”thananyrealactor.

Inthe1990s,agroupofthievesoftensoldstolengoodswiththehelpofsomebeggars.Tolookintothe

4

,Wangdisguised(伪装)himselfand

5

thebeggars.Dirtyshortsandoldshoesgavehimthe

6

ofarealbeggarandhisconvincingdialectsoonwonhimthe

7

ofthebeggars.

“Ioften

8

themtodrinkalcohol.Oncetheywere

9

,theybegantotalkalot,”Wangsaid.“I’dthen

10

myselftousethetoilet,

11

whatthebeggarssaid,andsendthe

12

tomyteammates.”

Wang,whoisoftenin

13

situations,isalsoajudo(柔道)master.“AslongasIgetcloseenough,nocriminalcan

14

fromme,”hesaid.

Wang’s

15

wonhimseveralhonors,includingaNationalMayDayLaborMedaland11CitationsofMerit.

1.A.teach

B.compareC.assess D.speak2.A.lawyer B.doctorC.policeman D.businessman3.A.role B.studyC.family D.audience4.A.mirror B.caseC.future

D.question5.A.interviewed B.joinedC.arrested D.assisted6.A.challenge B.experienceC.appearance D.freedom7.A.vote B.sympathyC.permission D.trust8.A.invited B.forcedC.helped D.expected9.A.drunk B.desertedC.bored D.lost10.A.guide B.persuadeC.excuse D.allow11.A.referto B.notedownC.askabout D.missout12.A.plan B.agreementC.direction D.information13.A.awkward B.dangerousC.unfortunate D.strange14.A.separate B.recoverC.escape D.hear15.A.courage B.honestyC.kindness D.optimism[语篇解读]本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了王警官伪装成乞丐做卧底抓捕窃贼的故事。为了破案,他学习了多种方言,衣着破旧,赢得了乞巧的信任,最后成功抓捕窃贼,赢得了多项荣誉。1.D

解析

根据该句中的“pretended

to

be

someone

else”和“different

dialects”可知,此处是讲王先生学习讲不同的方言,speak“会讲(某种语言);会说”,故D项正确。2.C

解析

根据第三段第二句中的“Wang

disguised

himself”可知,王先生伪装成乞丐,打入偷窃团伙内部,由此可推知,他是一名警察。3.A

解析

根据该句中的“than

any

real

actor”,结合下文他伪装成乞丐抓小偷的描述可知,他比任何专业演员都更专注自己的角色。role“角色”;

study“书房”;family“家庭”;audience“观众”,故A项正确。4.B

解析

根据上句可知,小偷团伙在一些乞丐的帮助下销售偷来的东西;据此可知,该处是说,为了调查这起案件,他伪装成乞丐。case“案情,调查的案件”,故B项正确。5.B

解析

根据该句中的“disguised

himself”可知,他伪装成乞丐,加入了他们。interview“面试”;join“加入,参加”;arrest“逮捕”;assist“帮助”。故B项正确。6.C

解析

根据该句中的“Dirty

shorts

and

old

shoes”并结合常识可知,脏衣服和破鞋子是常见的乞丐的外表。appearance“外表;外貌;外观”,故C项正确。7.D

解析

根据该句中的“his

convincing

dialect

soon

won

him”可知,他令人信服的方言很快赢得了乞丐们的信任。trust“信任”。故D项正确。8.A

解析

根据该句中的“to

drink

alcohol”可知,他经常邀请乞丐们去喝酒。invite“邀请”;force“强迫”;help“帮助”;expect“期待”,故A项正确。9.A

解析

根据该句中的“they

began

to

talk

a

lot”并结合常识可知,一旦喝醉,他们就会说很多话。drunk“醉的;喝醉的”,故A项正确。10.C

解析

根据该句中的“use

the

toilet”并结合语境可知,他以上厕所为借口,记下了他们说的话。excuse“为……辩解(或找理由)”,故C项正确。11.B

解析

参见上题解析。refer

to“参考”;note

down“记下”;ask

about“询问”;miss

out“错过”,故选B项。12.D

解析

根据该句中的“to

my

teammates”并结合常识可知,他将记下的信息发送给他的队友。plan“计划”;agreement“协议”;direction“方向”;

information“信息”,故D项正确。13.B

解析

根据前文内容可知,他伪装成乞丐,加入犯罪团伙中做卧底;再结合常识可知,他常处于危险的环境中。dangerous“有危险的”,故B项正确。14.C

解析

根据该句中的“As

long

as

I

get

close

enough,no

criminal

can”可知,只要他离罪犯足够近,他们就难以逃脱,escape

from“从……逃脱”。故C项正确。15.A

解析

根据上文内容可知,王警官为抓捕窃贼,伪装成乞丐做卧底。据此可知,他的勇气为他赢得了诸多荣誉。courage“勇气”;honesty“诚实”;

kindness“友善”;optimism“乐观”,故A项正确。B(2020新高考全国Ⅰ卷)MolaigrewupinatinyvillageinIndia.Thevillagelaynearsomewetlandswhichbecamehissecond

1

.Helearnedthevalueandbeautyof

2

therefromaveryyoungage.

Whenhewas16,Molaibegantonoticesomething

3

happeningaroundhishome.Afloodhadhittheareaearlierthatyearandthe

4

itcausedhaddrivenawayanumberofbirds.

5

,thenumberofsnakeshaddeclinedaswell.He

6

thatitwasbecausethereweren’tenoughtreestoprotectthemfromthe

7

.Thesolution,ofcourse,wastoplanttreessotheanimalscouldseek

8

duringthedaytime.Heturnedtothe

9

departmentforhelpbutwastoldthatnothingwouldgrowthere.However,

Molaiwentlookingonhisownand

10

anearbyislandwherehebegantoplanttrees.

11

youngplantsinthedryseasonwas

12

foraloneboy.Molaibuiltatthe

13

ofeachsapling(幼树)abambooplatform,whereheplacedearthenpotswithsmallholesto

14

rainwater.Thewaterwouldthendrip(滴落)ontheplantsbelow.

Molai

15

toplanttreesforthenext37years.Hiseffortshaveresultedin1,360acresofnaturally-grownlandthathasbecomehometomanyplantsandanimals.

1.A.dream B.jobC.home D.choice2.A.nature B.youthC.culture D.knowledge3.A.precious B.interestingC.disturbing D.awkward4.A.waste B.tensionC.pain D.damage5.A.Besides B.HoweverC.Therefore D.Otherwise6.A.agreed B.realizedC.remembered D.predicted7.A.noise B.heatC.disease D.dust8.A.directions B.partnersC.help D.shelter9.A.labor B.policeC.forest D.finance10.A.rebuilt B.discoveredC.left D.managed11.A.Decorating B.ObservingC.Watering D.Guarding12.A.tough B.illegalC.fantastic D.beneficial13.A.back B.topC.foot D.side14.A.cooldown B.keepoffC.purify D.collect15.A.returned B.learnedC.failed D.continued[语篇解读]本文是一篇记叙文。在印度的一个小村庄里有一个男子几十年如一日地在村庄周边的荒岛上植树造林,最后把荒岛变成了多种动植物的家园。1.C

解析

Molai在印度一个小村落长大,小村落位于湿地附近,于是这些湿地就成了他的第二个家(home)。第二段的

“...happening

around

his

home”

也是个提示。dream

“梦想”;job

“工作”;home

“家;故乡”;choice

“选择”。故选C项。2.A

解析

他从很小就懂得自然(nature)的价值和美丽。nature

“自然”;

youth

“青春”;culture

“文化”;knowledge

“知识”。3.C

解析

16岁时,Molai开始意识到他家周围发生的令人不安的(disturbing)事情。precious

“珍贵的”;interesting

“有趣的”;disturbing

“令人不安的”;awkward

“尴尬的”。4.D

解析

那年年初,一场洪水突袭了这一区域,洪水带来的危害(damage)赶走了大量的鸟类。5.A

解析

根据as

well