考研英语试题(一)

考研英语（一）试题

SectionIUseofEnglish

Directions:

Readthefollowingtext.Choosethebestword(s)foreachnumberedblankandmark[A]z[B],[C]

or[D]onANSWERSHEET1.(10points)

AncientGreekphilosopherAristotleviewedlaughteras“abodilyexercisepreciousto

health."But_1someclaimstothecontrary,laughingprobablyhaslittleinfluenceon

physicalfitnessLaughterdoes_2short-termchangesinthefunctionoftheheartandits

bloodvessels,___3_heartrateandoxygenconsumptionButbecausehardlaughterisdifficultto

_4_,agoodlaughisunlikelytohave_5benefitstheway,say,walkingorjoggingdoes.

_6_,insteadofstrainingmusclestobuildthem,asexercisedoes,laughterapparently

accomplishesthe_7_,studiesdatingbacktothe1930'sindicatethatlaughter_8muscles,

decreasingmuscletoneforupto45minutesafterthelaughdiesdown.

Suchbodilyreactionmightconceivablyhelp_9_theeffectsofpsychologicalstress.Anyway,

theactoflaughingprobablydoesproduceothertypesof___10___feedback,thatimprovean

individuaPsemotionalstate._11____oneclassicaltheoryofemotion,ourfeelingsarepartially

rooted____12___physicalreactions.Itwasarguedattheendofthe19thcenturythathumans

donotcry___13___theyaresadbuttheybecomesadwhenthetearsbegintoflow.

Althoughsadnessalso____14___tears,evidencesuggeststhatemotionscanflow_15___

muscularresponses.Inanexperimentpublishedin1988,socialpsychologistFritzStrackofthe

UniversityofwiirzburginGermanyaskedvolunteersto_16apeneitherwiththeir

teeth-therebycreatinganartificialsmile-orwiththeirlips,whichwouldproducea(n)_17___

expression.Thoseforcedtoexercisetheirenthusiasticallytofunnycatoonsthandidthosewhose

monthswerecontractedinafrown,19___thatexpressionsmayinfluenceemotionsrather

thanjusttheotherwayaround_20_,thephysicalactoflaughtercouldimprovemood.

l.[A]among[B]except[C]despite[D]like

2.[A]reflect[B]demand[C]indicate[D]produce

3.[A]stabilizing[B]boosting[C]impairing[D]determining

4.[A]transmit[B]sustain[C]evaluate[D]observe

5.[A]measurable[B]manageable[C]affordable[D]renewable

6.[A]lnturn[B]lnfact[C]lnaddition[D]lnbrief

7.[A]opposite[B]impossible[C]average[D]expected

8.[A]hardens[B]weakens[C]tightens[D]relaxes

9.[A]aggravate[B]generate[C]moderate[D]enhance

10.[A]physical[B]mental[C]subconscious[D]internal

ll.[A]Exceptfor[B]Accordingto[C]Dueto[D]Asfor

12.[A]with[B]on[C]in[D]at

13.[A]unless[B]until[C]if[D]because

14.[A]exhausts[B]follows[C]precedes[D]suppresses

15.[A]into[B]from[C]towards[D]beyond

16.[A]fetch[B]bite[C]pick[D]hold

17.[A]disappointed[B]excited[C]joyful[D]indifferent

18.[A]adapted[B]catered[C]turned[D]reacted

19.[A]suggesting[B]requiring[C]mentioning[D]supposing

2O.[A]Eventually[B]Consequently[C]Similarly[D]Conversely

SectionIIReadingComprehension

PartA

Directions:

Readthefollowingfourtexts.Answerthequestionsbeloweachtextbychoosing[A],[B]z[C]or

[D].MarkyouranswersonANSWERSHEET1.(40points)

Text1

ThedecisionoftheNewYorkPhilharmonictohireAlanGilbertasitsnextmusicdirectorhasbeen

thetalkoftheclassical-musicworldeversincethesuddenannouncementofhisappointmentin

2009.Forthemostpart,theresponsehasbeenfavorable,tosaytheleast.uHooray!Atlast!”

wroteAnthonyTommasini,asober-sidedclassical-musiccritic.

Oneofthereasonswhytheappointmentcameassuchasurprise,however;isthatGilbertis

comparativelylittleknown.EvenTommasini,whohadadvocatedGilbert,sappointmentin

theTimes,callshim“anunpretentiousmusicianwithnoairoftheformidableconductorabout

him.,,Asadescriptionofthenextmusicdirectorofanorchestrathathashithertobeenledby

musicianslikeGustavMahlerandPierreBoulez,thatseemslikelytohavestruckatleast

someTimesreadersasfaintpraise.

Formypart,IhavenoideawhetherGilbertisagreatconductororevenagoodone.Tobesure,

heperformsanimpressivevarietyofinterestingcompositions,butitisnotnecessaryformeto

visitAveryFisherHall,oranywhereelse,tohearinterestingorchestralmusic.AllIhavetodoisto

gotomyCDshelf,orbootupmycomputeranddownloadstillmorerecordedmusicfromiTunes.

Devotedconcertgoerswhoreplythatrecordingsarenosubstituteforliveperformanceare

missingthepoint.Forthetime,attention,andmoneyoftheart-lovingpublic,classical

instrumentalistsmustcompetenotonlywithoperahouses,dancetroupes,theatercompanies,

andmuseums,butalsowiththerecordedperformancesofthegreatclassicalmusiciansofthe

20thcentury.Thererecordingsarecheap,availableeverywhere,andveryoftenmuchhigherin

artisticqualitythantoday'sliveperformances;moreover,theycanbe“consumed“atatime

andplaceofthelistener'schoosing.Thewidespreadavailabilityofsuchrecordingshasthus

broughtaboutacrisisintheinstitutionofthetraditionalclassicalconcert.

Onepossibleresponseisforclassicalperformerstoprogramattractivenewmusicthatisnotyet

availableonrecord.Gilbert,sowninterestinnewmusichasbeenwidelynoted:AlexRoss,a

classical-musiccritic,hasdescribedhimasamanwhoiscapableofturningthePhilharmonicinto

“amarkedlydifferent,morevibrantorganization."Butwhatwillbethenatureofthat

difference?Merelyexpandingtheorchestraysrepertoirewillnotbeenough.IfGilbertandthe

Philharmonicaretosucceed,theymustfirstchangetherelationshipbetweenAmerica'soldest

orchestraandthenewaudienceithopstoattract.

21.WelearnfromPara.lthatGilbert,sappointmenthas

[A]incurredcriticism.

[B]raisedsuspicion.

[C]receivedacclaim.

[D]arousedcuriosity.

22.IbmmasiniregardsGilbertasanartistwhois

[A]influential.

[B]modest.

[C]respectable.

[D]talented.

23.Theauthorbelievesthatthedevotedconcertgoers

[A]ignoretheexpensesofliveperformances.

[B]rejectmostkindsofrecordedperformances.

[C]exaggeratethevarietyofliveperformances.

[D]overestimatethevalueofliveperformances.

24.Accordingtothetext,whichofthefollowingistrueofrecordings?

[A]Theyareofteninferiortoliveconcertsinquality.

[B]Theyareeasilyaccessibletothegeneralpublic.

[CJTheyhelpimprovethequalityofmusic.

[D]Theyhaveonlycoveredmasterpieces.

25.RegardingGilbert,sroleinrevitalizingthePhilharmonic,theauthorfeels

[A]doubtful.

[B]enthusiastic.

[C]confident.

[D]puzzled.

Text2

WhenLiamMcGeedepartedaspresidentofBankofAmericainAugust,hisexplanationwas

surprisinglystraightup.Ratherthancloakinghisexitintheusualvagueexcuses,hecameright

outandsaidhewasleaving“topursuemygoalofrunningacompany."Broadcastinghis

ambitionwas“verymuchmydecision,“McGeesays.Withintwoweeks,hewastalkingforthe

firsttimewiththeboardofHartfordFinancialServicesGroup,whichnamedhimCEOand

chairmanonSeptember29.

McGeesaysleavingwithoutapositionlinedupgavehimtimetoreflectonwhatkindofcompany

hewantedtorun.Italsosentaclearmessagetotheoutsideworldabouthisaspirations.And

McGeeisn'talone.InrecentweekstheNo.2executivesatAvonandAmericanExpressquitwith

theexplanationthattheywerelookingforaCEOpost.Asboardsscrutinizesuccessionplansin

responsetoshareholderpressure,executiveswhodon'tgetthenodalsomaywishtomoveon.

Aturbulentbusinessenvironmentalsohasseniormanagerscautiousoflettingvague

pronouncementscloudtheirreputations.

Asthefirstsignsofrecoverybegintotakehold,deputychiefsmaybemorewillingtomakethe

jumpwithoutanet.Inthethirdquarter;CEOturnoverwasdown23%fromayearagoasnervous

boardsstuckwiththeleaderstheyhad,accordingtoLiberumResearch.Astheeconomypicksup,

opportunitieswillaboundforaspiringleaders.

Thedecisiontoquitaseniorpositiontolookforabetteroneisunconventional.Foryears

executivesandheadhuntershaveadheredtotherulethatthemostattractiveCEOcandidatesare

theoneswhomustbepoached.SaysKorn/FerryseniorpartnerDennisCarey:"1can'tthinkofa

singlesearchI'vedonewhereaboardhasnotinstructedmetolookatsittingCEOsfirst.”

Thosewhojumpedwithoutajobhaven'talwayslandedintoppositionsquickly.EllenMarram

quitaschiefofTropicanaadecadeage,sayingshewantedtobeaCEO.Itwasayearbeforeshe

becameheadofatinyInternet-basedcommoditiesexchange.RobertWillumstadleftCitigroupin

2005withambitionstobeaCEO.Hefinallytookthatpostatamajorfinancialinstitutionthree

yearslater.

Manyrecruiterssaytheolddisgraceisfadingfortopperformers.Thefinancialcrisishasmadeit

moreacceptabletobebetweenjobsortoleaveabadone."Thetraditionalrulewasit'ssaferto

staywhereyouare,butthat'sbeenfundamentallyinverted,vsaysoneheadhunter."The

peoplewho,vebeenhurttheworstarethosewho,vestayedtoolong.v

26.WhenMcGeeannouncedhisdeparture,hismannercanbestbedescribedasbeing

[A]arrogant.

[B]frank.

[C]self-centered.

[D]impulsive.

27.AccordingtoParagraph2,seniorexecutives*quittingmaybespurredby

[A]theirexpectationofbetterfinancialstatus.

[B]theirneedtoreflectontheirprivatelife.

[C]theirstrainedrelationswiththeboards.

[D]theirpursuitofnewcareergoals.

28.Theword“poached”(Line3,Paragraph4)mostprobablymeans

[A]approvedof.

[B]attendedto.

[C]huntedfor.

[D]guardedagainst.

29.Itcanbeinferredfromthelastparagraphthat

[A]topperformersusedtoclingtotheirposts.

[B]loyaltyoftopperformersisgettingout-dated.

[C]topperformerscaremoreaboutreputations.

[D]it'ssafertosticktothetraditionalrules.

30.Whichofthefollowingisthebesttitleforthetext?

[A]CEOs:WheretoGo?

[B]CEOs:AlltheWayUp?

[C]TopManagersJumpwithoutaNet

[D]TheOnlyWayOutforTopPerformers

Text3

Theroughguidetomarketingsuccessusedtobethatyougotwhatyoupaidfor.Nolonger.While

traditional“paid"media-suchastelevisioncommercialsandprintadvertisements-still

playamajorrole,companiestodaycanexploitmanyalternativeformsofmedia.Consumers

passionateaboutaproductmaycreate“owned“mediabysendinge-mailalertsaboutproducts

andsalestocustomersregisteredwithitsWebsite.Thewayconsumersnowapproachthebroad

rangeoffactorsbeyondconventionalpaidmedia.

Paidandownedmediaarecontrolledbymarketerspromotingtheirownproducts.Forearned

media,suchmarketersactastheinitiatorforusers'responses.Butinsomecases,onemarketer'

sownedmediabecomeanothermarketerJspaidmedia-forinstance,whenane-commerce

retailersellsadspaceonitsWebsite.Wedefinesuchsoldmediaasownedmediawhosetrafficis

sostrongthatotherorganizationsplacetheircontentore-commerceengineswithinthat

environment.Thistrend,whichwebelieveisstillinitsinfancy,effectivelybeganwithretailers

andtravelproviderssuchasairlinesandhotelsandwillnodoubtgofurther.Johnson&Johnson,

forexample,hascreatedBabyCenter,astand-alonemediapropertythatpromotes

complementaryandevencompetitiveproducts.Besidesgeneratingincome,thepresenceof

othermarketersmakesthesiteseemobjective,givescompaniesopportunitiestolearnvaluable

informationabouttheappealofothercompanies'marketing,andmayhelpexpandusertraffic

forallcompaniesconcerned.

Thesamedramatictechnologicalchangesthathaveprovidedmarketerswithmore(andmore

diverse)communicationschoiceshavealsoincreasedtheriskthatpassionateconsumerswill

voicetheiropinionsinquicker,morevisible,andmuchmoredamagingways.Suchhijackedmedia

aretheoppositeofearnedmedia:anassetorcampaignbecomeshostagetoconsumers,other

stakeholders,oractivistswhomakenegativeallegationsaboutabrandorproduct.Membersof

socialnetworks,forinstance,arelearningthattheycanhijackmediatoapplypressureonthe

businessesthatoriginallycreatedthem.

Ifthathappens,passionateconsumerswouldtrytopersuadeotherstoboycottproducts,putting

thereputationofthetargetcompanyatrisk.Insuchacase,thecompany,sresponsemaynotbe

sufficientlyquickorthoughtful,andthelearningcurvehasbeensteep.ToyotaMotor;for

example,alleviatedsomeofthedamagefromitsrecallcrisisearlierthisyearwitharelatively

quickandwell-orchestratedsocial-mediaresponsecampaign,whichincludedeffortstoengage

withconsumersdirectlyonsitessuchasTwitterandthesocial-newssiteDigg.

31.Consumersmaycreate“earned“mediawhentheyare

[A]obsessedwithonlineshoppingatcertainWebsites.

[B]inspiredbyproduct-promotinge-mailssenttothem.

[C]eagertohelptheirfriendspromotequalityproducts.

[D]enthusiasticaboutrecommendingtheirfavoriteproducts.

32.AccordingtoParagraph2,soldmediafeature

[A]asafebusinessenvironment.

[B]randomcompetition.

[C]strongusertraffic.

[D]flexibilityinorganization.

33.TheauthorindicatesinParagraph3thatearnedmedia

[A]inviteconstantconflictswithpassionateconsumers.

[B]canbeusedtoproducenegativeeffectsinmarketing.

[C]mayberesponsibleforfiercercompetition.

[D]deserveallthenegativecommentsaboutthem.

34.ToyotaMotorJsexperienceiscitedasanexampleof

[A]respondingeffectivelytohijackedmedia.

[B]persuadingcustomersintoboycottingproducts.

[C]cooperatingwithsupportiveconsumers.

[D]takingadvantageofhijackedmedia.

35.Whichofthefollowingisthetextmainlyabout?

[A]Alternativestoconventionalpaidmedia.

[B]Conflictbetweenhijackedandearnedmedia.

[C]Dominanceofhijackedmedia.

[D]Popularityofownedmedia.

Text4

It'snosurprisethatJenniferSenior,sinsightful,provocativemagazinecoverstory,uIloveMy

Children,IHateMyLife,“isarousingmuchchatter-nothinggetspeopletalkinglikethe

suggestionthatchildrearingisanythinglessthanacompletelyfulfilling,life-enrichingexperience.

Ratherthanconcludingthatchildrenmakeparentseitherhappyormiserable,Seniorsuggestswe

needtoredefinehappiness:insteadofthinkingofitassomethingthatcanbemeasuredby

moment-to-momentjoy,weshouldconsiderbeinghappyasapast-tensecondition.Eventhough

theday-to-dayexperienceofraisingkidscanbesoul-crushinglyhard,Seniorwritesthat“the

verythingsthatinthemomentdampenourmoodscanlaterbesourcesofintensegratification

anddelight.”

Themagazinecovershowinganattractivemotherholdingacutebabyishardlytheonly

Madonna-and-childimageonnewsstandsthisweek.Therearealsostoriesaboutnewlyadoptive

-andnewlysingle-momSandraBullock,aswellastheusual“JenniferAnistonispregnant,,

news.Practicallyeveryweekfeaturesatleastonecelebritymom,ormom-to-be,smilingonthe

newsstands.

Inasocietythatsopersistentlycelebratesprocreation,isitanywonderthatadmittingyouregret

havingchildrenisequivalenttoadmittingyousupportkitten-killing?Itdoesn'tseemquitefair,

then,tocomparetheregretsofparentstotheregretsofthechildren.Unhappyparentsrarelyare

provokedtowonderiftheyshouldn,thavehadkids,butunhappychildlessfolksarebothered

withthemessagethatchildrenarethesinglemostimportantthingintheworld:obviouslytheir

miserymustbeadirectresultofthegapingbaby-sizeholesintheirlives.

Ofcourse,theimageofparenthoodthatcelebritymagazineslikeUsWeeklyandPeoplepresent

ishugelyunrealistic,especiallywhentheparentsaresinglemotherslikeBullock.Accordingto

severalstudiesconcludingthatparentsarelesshappythanchildlesscouples,singleparentsare

theleasthappyofall.Noshockthere,consideringhowmuchworkitistoraiseakidwithouta

partnertoleanon;yettohearSandraandBritneytellit,raisingakidontheir"own”(read:with

round-the-clockhelp)isapieceofcake.

It'shardtoimaginethatmanypeoplearedumbenoughtowantchildrenjustbecauseReeseand

Angelinamakeitlooksoglamorous:mostadultsunderstandthatababyisnotahaircut.Butit's

interestingtowonderiftheimagesweseeeveryweekofstress-free,happiness-enhancing

parenthoodaren'tinsomesmall,subconsciouswaycontributingtoourowndissatisfactionswith

theactualexperience,inthesamewaythatasmallpartofushopedgetting“theRachel”

mightmakeuslookjustalittlebitlikeJenniferAniston.

36JenniferSeniorsuggestsinherarticlethatraisingachildcanbring

[A]temporarydelight

[B]enjoymentinprogress

[C]happinessinretrospect

[D]lastingreward

37.WelearnfromParagraph2that

[A]celebritymomsareapermanentsourceforgossip.

[B]singlemotherswithbabiesdeservegreaterattention.

[C]newsaboutpregnantcelebritiesisentertaining.

[D]havingchildrenishighlyvaluedbythepublic.

38.ltissuggestedinParagraph3thatchildlessfolks

[A]areconstantlyexposedtocriticism.

[B]arelargelyignoredbythemedia.

[C]failtofulfilltheirsocialresponsibilities.

[D]arelesslikelytobesatisfiedwiththeirlife.

39.AccordingtoParagraph4,themessageconveyedbycelebritymagazinesis

[A]soothing.

[B]ambiguous.

[C]compensatory.

[D]misleading.

4O.Whichofthefollowingcanbeinferredfromthelastparagraph?

[A]Havingchildrencontributeslittletotheglamourofcelebritymoms.

[B]Celebritymomshaveinfluencedourattitudetowardschildrearing.

[C]Havingchildrenintensifiesourdissatisfactionwithlife.

[D]Wesometimesneglectthehappinessfromchildrearing.

PartB

Directions:

Thefollowingparagrapharegiveninawrongorder.ForQuestions41-45,youarerequiredto

reorganizetheseparagraphsintoacoherenttextbychoosingfromthelistA-Gtofillingtheminto

thenumberedboxes.ParagraphsEandGhavebeencorrectlyplaced.Markyouranswerson

ANSWERSHEET1.(10points)

[A]Nodisciplineshaveseizedonprofessionalismwithasmuchenthusiasmasthehumanities.

Youcan,MrMenandpointsout,becamealawyerinthreeyearsandamedicaldoctorinfour.But

theregulartimeittakestogetadoctoraldegreeinthehumanitiesisnineyears.Notsurprisingly,

uptohalfofalldoctoralstudentsinEnglishdropoutbeforegettingtheirdegrees.

[B]Hisconcernismainlywiththehumanities:Literature,languages,philosophyandsoon.These

aredisciplinesthataregoingoutofstyle:22%ofAmericancollegegraduatesnowmajorin

businesscomparedwithonly2%inhistoryand4%inEnglish.However,manyleadingAmerican

universitieswanttheirundergraduatestohaveagroundinginthebasiccanonofideasthatevery

educatedpersonshouldposses.Butmostfinditdifficulttoagreeonwhataugeneraleducation”

shouldlooklike.AtHarvard,MrMenandnotes,“thegreatbooksarereadbecausetheyhave

beenread”-theyformasortofsocialglue.

[C]Equallyunsurprisingly,onlyabouthalfendupwithprofessorshipsforwhichtheyentered

graduateschool.Therearesimplytoofewposts.Thisispartlybecauseuniversitiescontinueto

produceevermorePhDs.Butfewerstudentswanttostudyhumanitiessubjects:English

departmentsawardedmorebachelor'sdegreesin1970-71thantheydid20yearslater.Fewer

studentsrequiresfewerteachers.So,attheendofadecadeoftheses-writing,manyhumanities

studentsleavetheprofessiontodosomethingforwhichtheyhavenotbeentrained.

[D]Onereasonwhyitishardtodesignandteachsuchcoursesisthattheycancutacrossthe

insistencebytopAmericanuniversitiesthatliberal-artseducationsandprofessionaleducation

shouldbekeptseparate,taughtindifferentschools.Manystudentsexperiencebothvarieties.

AlthoughmorethanhalfofHarvardundergraduatesendupinlaw,medicineorbusiness,future

doctorsandlawyersmuststudyanon-specialistliberal-artsdegreebeforeembarkingona

professionalqualification.

[E]Besidesprofessionalizingtheprofessionsbythisseparation,topAmericanuniversitieshave

professionalisedtheprofessor.Thegrowthinpublicmoneyforacademicresearchhasspeeded

theprocess:federalresearchgrantsrosefourfoldbetween1960and1990,butfacultyteaching

hoursfellbyhalfasresearchtookitstoll.Professionalismhasturnedtheacquisitionofadoctoral

degreeintoaprerequisiteforasuccessfulacademiccareer:aslateas1969athirdofAmerican

professorsdidnotpossessone.Butthekeyideabehindprofessionalisation,arguesMrMenand,

isthat“theknowledgeandskillsneededforaparticularspecializationaretransmissiblebutnot

transferable.^Sodisciplinesacquireamonopolynotjustovertheproductionofknowledge,but

alsoovertheproductionoftheproducersofknowledge.

[F]Thekeytoreforminghighereducation,concludesMrMenand,istoalterthewayinwhich

“theproducersofknowledgeareproduced."Otherwise,academicswillcontinuetothink

dangerouslyalike,increasinglydetachedfromthesocietieswhichtheystudy,investigateand

criticize.Academicinquiry,atleastinsomefields,mayneedtobecomelessexclusionaryand

moreholistic."Yetquitehowthathappens,MrMenanddosenotsay.

[G]ThesubtleandintelligentlittlebookTheMarketplaceofIdeas:ReformandResistanceinthe

AmericanUniversityshoMbereadbyeverystudentthinkingofapplyingtotakeadoctoral

degree.Theymaythendecidetogoelsewhere.Forsomethingcurioushasbeenhappeningin

AmericanUniversities,andLouisMenand,aprofessorofEnglishatHarvardUniversity,captured

itskillfully.

G-41.-42.—E-*43.-*44.-45.

PartC

Directions:

ReadthefollowingtextcarefullyandthentranslatetheunderlinedsegmentsintoChinese.Your

translationshouldbewrittencarefullyonANSWERSHEET2.(10points)

Withitsthemethat“Mindisthemasterweaver,“creatingourinnercharacterandouter

circumstances,thebookAsaManThinkingbyJamesAllenisanin-depthexplorationofthe

centralideaofself-helpwriting.

(46)Allen'scontributionwastotakeanassumptionweallshare-thatbecausewearenotrobots

wethereforecontrolourthoughts-andrevealitserroneousnature.Becausemostofusbelieve

thatmindisseparatefrommatter,wethinkthatthoughtscanbehiddenandmadepowerless;

thisallowsustothinkonewayandactanother.However,Allenbelievedthattheunconscious

mindgeneratesasmuchactionastheconsciousmind,and(47)whilewemaybeabletosustain

theillusionofcontrolthroughtheconsciousmindalone,inrealitywearecontinuallyfacedwitha

question:"WhycannotImakemyselfdothisorachievethat?”

Sincedesireandwillaredamagedbythepresenceofthoughtsthatdonotaccordwithdesire,

Allenconcluded:"Wedonotattractwhatwewant,butwhatweare."Achievementhappens

becauseyouasapersonembodytheexternalachievement;youdon't"get”successbut

becomeit.Thereisnogapbetweenmindandmatter.

\PartofthefameofAllen'sbookisitscontentionthat“Circumstancesdonotmakeaperson,

theyrevealhim.”(48)Thisseemsajustificationforneglectofthoseinneed,anda

rationalizationofexploitation,ofthesuperiorityofthoseatthetopandtheinferiorityofthoseat

thebottom.

This‘however;wouldbeaknee-jerkreactiontoasubtleargument.Eachsetofcircumstances,

howeverbad,offersauniqueopportunityforgrowth.Ifcircumstancesalwaysdeterminedthelife

andprospectsofpeople,thenhumanitywouldneverhaveprogressed.Infat,(49)circumstances

seemtobedesignedtobringoutthebestinusandifwefeelthatwehavebeen“wronged”

thenweareunlikelytobeginaconsciousefforttoescapefromoursituation.Nevertheless,as

anybiographerknows,apersonsearlylifeanditsconditionsareoftenthegreatestgifttoan

individual.

ThesoberingaspectofAllen,sbookisthatwehavenooneelsetoblameforourpresent

conditionexceptourselves.(50)Theupsideisthepossibilitiescontainedinknowingthat

everythingisuptous;wherebeforewewereexpertsinthearrayoflimitations,nowwebecome

authoritiesofwhatispossible.

SectionIDWriting

PartA

51.Directions:

Writealettertoafriendofyoursto

1)recommendoneofyourfavoritemoviesand

2)givereasonsforyourrecommendation

Yourshouldwriteabout100wordsonANSWERSHEET2

Donotsignyourownnameattheendoftheleter.User“LIMING“instead.

Donotwritertheaddress.(10points)

PartB

52.Directions:

Writeanessayof160-200wordsbasedonthefollowingdrawing.Inyouressay,youshould

1)describethedrawingbriefly,

2)explainit'sintendedmeaning,and

3)giveyourcomments.

YourshouldwriteneatlyonANSWERSHEET2.(20points)

2011年考研英语一参考答案：

阅读的答案：

1-----5：cbdba

6-----10：bdaac

11------15：dcbca

16------20：cdadb

完形的标准答案：

1.[C]despite

2.[D]produce

3.[B]boosting

4.[B]sustain

5.[A]measurable

6.[B]lnfact

7.[A]opposite

8.[D]relaxes

9.[C]moderate

10.[A]physical

11.[B]Accordingto

12.[C]in

13.[D]because

14.[C]precedes

15.[B]from

16.[D]hold

17.[A]disappointed

18.[D]reacted

19.[A]suggesting

20.[C]Similarly

新题型答案：

G-B-D-E-A-C-F

出处

Professionalisingtheprofessor

ThedifficultiesofanAmericandoctoralstudent

UniversityeducationinAmericaFeb25th2010

翻译的答案：