商务英语词汇大全

商务英语词汇大全（一）economist经济学家socialisteconomy社会主义经济capitalisteconomy资本主义经济collectiveeconomy集体经济plannedeconomy计划经济controlledeconomy管制经济ruraleconomics农村经济liberaleconomy经济mixedeconomy混合经济politicaleconomy政治经济学protectionism保护主义autarchy闭关自守primarysector初级成分privatesector私营成分,私营部门publicsector公共部门,公共成分economicchannels经济渠道economicbalance经济平衡economicfluctuation经济波动economicdepression经济衰退economicstability经济稳定economicpolicy经济政策economicrecovery经济复原understanding约定concentration集中holdingcompany控股公司trust托拉斯cartel卡特尔rateofgrowth增长economictrend经济趋势economicsituation经济形势infrastructure基本建设standardofliving生活标准,生活水平purchasingpower,buyingpower购买力scarcity短缺stagnation停滞,萧条,不景气underdevelopment不发达underdeveloped不发达的developing发展中的initialcapital创办资本frozencapital冻结资金frozenassets冻结资产fixedassets固定资产realestate不动产,房地产circulatingcapital,workingcapital流动资本availablecapital可用资产capitalgoods资本货物reserve准备金,储备金callingupofcapital催缴资本allocationoffunds资金分配contributionoffunds资金捐献workingcapitalfund周转基金revolvingfund循环基金,周转性基金contingencyfund意外开支,准备金reservefund准备金bufferfund缓冲基金,平准基金sinkingfund偿债基金investment投资,资产investor投资人self-financing自筹经费,经费自给bank银行currentaccount经常帐户（美作:checkingaccount）current-accountholder支票帐户（美作:checking-accountholder）cheque支票（美作:check）bearercheque,chequepayabletobearer无记名支票,来人支票crossedcheque划线支票traveller'scheque旅行支票chequebook支票簿,支票本（美作:checkbook）endorsement背书transfer转让,转帐,过户money货币issue发行readymoney现钱cash现金readymoneybusiness,nocreditgiven现金交易,概不赊欠change零钱banknote,note钞票,纸币（美作:bill）topay（in）cash付现金domesticcurrency,localcurrency]本国货币convertibility可兑换性convertiblecurrencies可兑换货币exchangerate汇率,兑换率foreignexchange外汇floatingexchangerate浮动汇率freeexchangerates汇兑市场foreignexchangecertificate外汇兑换券hardcurrency硬通货speculation投机saving储装,存款depreciation减价,贬值devaluation（货币）贬值revaluation重估价runawayinflation无法控制的通货膨胀deflation通货紧缩capitalflight资本外逃securitiesbusiness证券市场stockexchangecorporation证券交易所stockexchange证券交易所,股票交易所quotation报价,牌价share股,股票,股份shareholder,stockholder股票持有人,股东dividend股息,红利cashdividend现金配股stockinvestment股票投资investmenttrust投资信托stock-jobber股票经纪人stockcompany,stockbrokeragefirm证券公司securities有价证券share,commonstock普通股preferencestock优先股incomegain股利收入issue发行股票parvalue股面价格,票面价格bull买手,多头bear卖手,空头assigned过户openingprice开盘closingprice收盘hardtimes低潮businessrecession景气衰退doldrums景气停滞dull盘整ease松弛raisinglimit涨停板break暴跌bond,debenture债券WallStreet华尔街shorttermloan短期贷款longtermloan长期贷款mediumtermloan中期贷款lender债权人creditor债权人debtor债务人,借方borrower借方,借款人borrowing借款interest利息rateofinterest利率discount贴现,折扣rediscount再贴现annuity年金maturity到期日,偿还日amortization摊销,摊还,分期偿付redemption偿还insurance保险mortgage抵押allotment拨款shorttermcredit短期信贷consolidateddebt合并债务fundeddebt固定债务,长期债务floatingdebt流动债务drawing提款,提存aid援助allowance,grant,subsidy补贴,补助金,津贴shorttermloan短期贷款longtermloan长期贷款mediumtermloan中期贷款lender债权人creditor债权人debtor债务人,借方borrower借方,借款人borrowing借款interest利息rateofinterest利率discount贴现,折扣rediscount再贴现annuity年金maturity到期日,偿还日amortization摊销,摊还,分期偿付redemption偿还insurance保险mortgage抵押allotment拨款shorttermcredit短期信贷consolidateddebt合并债务fundeddebt固定债务,长期债务floatingdebt流动债务drawing提款,提存aid援助allowance,grant,subsidy补贴,补助金,津贴cost成本,费用expenditure,outgoings开支,支出fixedcosts固定成本overheadcosts营业间接成本overheads杂项开支,间接成本operatingcosts生产费用,营业成本operatingexpenses营业费用runningexpenses日常费用,经营费用miscellaneouscosts杂项费用overheadexpenses间接费用,管理费用upkeepcosts,maintenancecosts维修费用,养护费用transportcosts运输费用socialcharges社会负担费用contingentexpenses,contingencies或有费用apportionmentofexpenses分摊费用income收入,收益earnings利润,收益grossincome,grossearnings总收入,总收益grossprofit,grossbenefit毛利,总利润,利益毛额netincome纯收益,净收入,收益净额averageincome平均收入nationalincome国收入profitability,profitearningcapacity利润率,赢利率yield产量收益,收益率increaseinvalue,appreciation增值,升值duty税taxationsystem税制taxation征税,纳税fiscalcharges财务税收progressivetaxation累进税制graduatedtax累进税valueaddedtax增值税incometax所得税landtax地租,地价税excisetax特许权税basisofassessment估税标准taxableincome须纳税的收入fiscality检查tax-free免税的taxexemption免税taxpayer纳税人taxcollector收税员ChinaCouncilforthePromotionofInternationalTrade,C.C.P.I.T.中国国际贸易促进委员会NationalCouncilforUS-ChinaTrade美中贸易全国理事会Japan-ChinaEconomicAssociation日中经济协会AssociationforthePromotionofInternationalTrade,Japan日本国际贸易促进会BritishCouncilforthePromotionofInternationalTrade英国国际贸易促进委员会InternationalChamberofCommerce国际商会InternationalUnionofMarineInsurance国际海洋运输保险协会InternationalAluminaAssociation国际铝矾土协会UniversalPostalUnion,UPU万国邮政联盟CustomsCo-operationCouncil,CCC关税合作理事会UnitedNationsTradeandDevelopmentBoard联合国贸易与发展理事会OrganizationforEconomiccooperationandDevelopment,DECD经济合作与开发组织EuropeanEconomicCommunity,EEC,EuropeanCommonMarket欧洲经济共同体EuropeanFreeTradeAssociation,EFTA欧洲贸易联盟EuropeanFreeTradeArea,EFTA欧洲贸易区CouncilforMutualEconomicAid,CMEA经济互助委员会Eurogroup欧洲集团GroupofTen十国集团CommitteeofTwenty（ParisClub）二十国委员会CoordinatingCommittee,COCOM巴黎统筹委员会CaribbeanCommonMarket,CCM,CaribbeanFree-TradeAssociation,CARIFTA加勒比共同市场（加勒比贸易同盟）AndeansCommonMarket,ACM,AndeansTreatyOrganization,ATO安第斯共同市场LatinAmericanFreeTradeAssociation,LAFTA拉丁美洲贸易联盟CentralAmericanCommonMarket,CACM中美洲共同市场AfricanandMalagasyCommonOrganization,OCAM非洲与马尔加什共同组织EastAfricanCommonMarket,EACM东非共同市场CentralAfricanCustomsandEconomicUnion,CEUCA中非关税经济同盟WestAfricanEconomicCommunity,WAEC西非经济共同体OrganizationofthePetroleumExportingCountries,OPEC石油输出国组织OrganizationofArabPetroleumExportingCountries,OAPEC阿拉伯石油输出国组织CommonwealthPreferenceArea英联邦特惠区CentreNationalduCommerceExterieur,NationalCenterofExternalTrade法国对外贸易中心People'sBankofChina中国人民银行BankofChina中国银行InternationalBankforReconstructionanddevelopment,IBRD国际复兴开发银行WorldBank世界银行InternationalDevelopmentassociation,IDA国际开发协会InternationalMonetaryFoundAgreement国际货币基金协定InternationalMonetaryFound,IMF国际货币基金组织EuropeanEconomicandMonetaryUnion欧洲经济与货币同盟EuropeanMonetaryCooperationFund欧洲货币合作基金BankforInternationalSettlements,BIS国际结算银行AfricanDevelopmentBank,AFDB非洲开发银行Export-ImportBankofWashington美国进出口银行NationalcityBankofNewYork花旗银行AmericanOrientalBankingCorporation美丰银行AmericanExpressCo.Inc.美国万国宝通银行TheChaseBank大通银行Inter-AmericanDevelopmentBank,IDB泛美开发银行EuropeanInvestmentBank,EIB欧洲投资银行MidlandBank,Ltd.米兰银行UnitedBankofSwitzerland瑞士联合银行DresdenBankA.G.德累斯敦银行BankofTokyo,Ltd.东京银行HongkongandShanghaiCorporation香港汇丰银行InternationalFinanceCorporation,IFC国际金融公司LaCommunauteFinancieveAfricane非洲金融共同体EconomicandSocialCouncil,ECOSOC联合国经济及社会理事会UnitedNationsDevelopmentProgram,NUDP联合国开发计划署UnitedNationsCapitalDevelopmentFund,UNCDF联合国资本开发基金UnitedNationsIndustrialDevelopmentOrganization,UNIDO联合国工业发展组织UnitedNationsConferenceonTradeandDevelopment,UNCTAD联合国贸易与发展会议FoodandAgriculturalOrganization,FAO粮食与农业组织,粮农组织EconomicCommissionforEurope,ECE欧洲经济委员会EconomicCommissionforLatinAmerica,ECLA拉丁美洲经济委员会EconomicCommissionforAsiaandFarEast,ECAFE亚洲及远东经济委员会EconomicCommissionforWesternAsia,ECWA西亚经济委员会EconomicCommissionforAfrica,ECA非洲经济委员会OverseasChineseInvestmentCompany华侨投资公司NewYorkStockExchange,NYSE纽约证券交易所LondonStockMarket伦敦股票市场BalticMercantileandShippingExchange波罗的海商业和航运交易所instruction,education教育culture文化primaryeducation初等教育secondaryeducation中等教育highereducation高等教育thethreeR's读、写、算schoolyear学年term,trimester学季semester学期schoolday教学日schoolholidays假期curriculum课程subject学科discipline纪律timetable课程表class,lesson课homework家庭作业exercise练习dictation听写spellingmistake拼写错误（short）course短训班seminar研讨班playtime,break课间,休息toplaytruant,toplayhooky逃学,旷课course（ofstudy）学业studentbody学生（总称）classmate,schoolmate同学pupil小学生student大学生schoolboy男生schoolgirl女生auditor旁听生swot,grind用功的学生oldboy老生grant,scholarship,fellowship奖学金holderofagrant,scholar,fellow奖学金获得者schooluniform校服teachingstaff教育工作者（总称）teachers教师（总称）primaryschoolteacher小学老师teacherlecturer大学老师professor教授schooling教授,授课assistant助教headmaster校长（女性为:headmistress）deputyheadmaster,deputyhead副校长rector校长dean教务长laboratoryassistant,labassistant实验员beadle,porter门房,学校工友gamesmaster,gymteacher,gyminstructor体育教师privatetutor私人教师,家庭教师pedagogue文学教师（蔑称）ofschoolage教龄beginningofterm开学matriculation注册toenroll,toenroll予以注册totakelessons（学生）上课toteach（老师）上课tostudy学习tolearnbyheart记住,掌握torevise,togoover复习test考试totest考试totakeanexamination,tositanexamination,todoanexamination参加考试convocationnotice考试通知examiner考试者boardofexaminers考试团examinationoral,writtenexamination口试,笔试question问题questionpaper试卷crib夹带（美作:trot）topassanexamination（或exam）,通过考试pass,passinggrade升级prizegiving分配奖品tofallanexamination未通过考试failure未考好torepeatayear留级degree学位graduate毕业生tograduate毕业project,thesis毕业论文GeneralCertificateofEducation中学毕业证书（美作:highschooldiploma）holderoftheGeneralCertificateofEducation中学毕业生（美作:holderofahighschooldiploma）doctorate博士学位doctor博士competitiveexamination答辩考试Chinese语文English英语Japanese日语mathematics数学science理科gymnastics体育history历史algebra代数geometry几何geography地理biology生物chemistry化学physics物理physicalgeography地球物理literature文学sociology社会学psycology心理学philosophy哲学engineering工程学mechanicalengineering机械工程学electronicengineering电子工程学medicine医学socialscience社会科学agriculture农学astronomy天文学economics经济学politics政治学commercialscience商学biochemistry生物化学anthropology人类学linguistics语言学accounting会计学law,jurisprdence法学banking银行学metallurgy冶金学finance财政学mass-communication大众传播学journalism新闻学atomicenergy原子能学civilengineering土木工程architecture建筑学chemical,engineering化学工程accountingandstatisics会计统计businessadministration工商管理library图书馆学diplomacy外交foreignlanguage外文botany植物major主修minor辅修school学校kindergarten幼儿园infantschool幼儿学校primaryschool,juniorschool小学secondaryschool中学highschool,secondaryschool专科学校businessschool商业学校technicalschool工业学校technicalcollege专科学校（university）campus大学university大学boardingschool供膳宿的学校dayschool日校,无宿舍学校,走读学校daystudentwhohaslunchatschool提供午餐的走读学生academy专科学院faculty系hallofresidence学校公寓classroom教室lecturetheatre阅览室（美作:lecturetheater）amphitheatre阶梯教室（美作:amphitheater）staffroom教研室headmaster'sstudy,headmaster'soffice校长办公室（assembly）hall礼堂library图书馆playground操场desk课桌blackboard黑板（apieceof）chalk粉笔slatepencil石板笔wallmap挂图skeletonmap廓图,示意图globe地球仪textbook课本dictionary词典encyclopedia百科全书atlas地图集satchel书包exercisebook练习本roughnotbook草稿本（美作:scribblingpad）blottingpaper吸墨纸tracingpaper描图纸squaredpaper,graphpaper坐标纸（fountain）pen自来水笔biro,ballpoint（pen）圆珠笔pencil铅笔propellingpencil自动铅笔pencilsharpener铅笔刀,转笔刀ink墨水inkwell墨水池rubber,eraser橡皮ruler,rule尺sliderule计算尺setsquare三角板protractor量角器compass,pairofcompasses圆规MinistryofLabour劳工部（美作epartmentofLabor）labourmarket劳工市场,劳务市场Labourexchange,Employmentexchange职业介绍所（美作:EmploymentBureau）labourmanagement职业介绍经纪人fullemployment整日制工作tobepaidbythehour按小时付酬seasonalwork季节工作pieceworkwork计件工作timeworkwork计时工作teamworkwork联合工作shiftwork换班工作assemblylinework组装线工作（美作:serialproduction）workshop车间handicrafts,crafts手艺,技艺trade,craft行当profession,occupation职务employment,job工作situation,post位置job一件工作vacancy空缺,空额workpermit工作许可证toapplyforajob求职,找工作application（forajob）求职toengage,toemploy雇用workcontract劳务合同industrialaccident劳动事故occupationaldisease职业病vocationalguidance职业指导vocationaltraining职业训练retraining,reorientation,rehabilitation再训练,再培训holidays,holiday,vacation假期labourcosts,labourinput劳力成本fluctuationoflabour劳力波动（美作flabor）worker工作者permanentworker长期工,固定工personnel,staff人员employee职员clerk,officeworker办公室人员salaryearner雇佣工人workman工人organizedlabour参加工会的工人skilledworker技术工人unskilledworker非技术工人specializedworker熟练工人farmworker农场工人labourerworker农业工人daylabourer日工seasonalworker季节工collaborator合作者foreman工头trainee,apprentice学徒工apprenticeship学徒artisan,craftsman工匠specialist专家nightshift夜班shortageoflabour,shortageofmanpower缺乏劳力workingclass工人阶级proletarian无产者proletariat无产阶级tradeunion工会（美作:laborunion）tradeunionist工团主义者tradeunionism工团主义guild行会,同会,公会association,society,union协会emigration移,移居employer雇主,老板shopsteward（工厂的）工会代表（美作:uniondelegate）delegate代表representative代表workscouncil劳资联合委员会labourlaw劳工法workingday,workday工作日full-timeemployment,full-timejob,full-timework全天工作part-timeemployment,part-timejob,part-timework半日工作workinghours工作时间overtime业余时间remuneration报酬pay,wage,salary工资wageindex工资指数minimumwage最低工资basicwage基础工资grosswages全部收入net,realwages实际收入hourlywages,wagerateperhour计时工资monthlywages月工资weeklywages周工资pieceworkwage计件工资maximumwage最高工资（美作:wageceiling）slidingscale按物价计酬法paymentinkind用实物付酬dailywages日工资premium,bonus,extrapay奖励payday发工资日,付薪日payslip工资单payroll薪水册unemploymentbenefit失业救济old-agepension退休金,养老金collectiveagreement工会代表工人与资方代表达成的协议retirement退休claims要求strike罢工striker罢工者go-slow怠工（美作:slow-down）lockout停工（业主为抵制工人的要求而停工）staggeredstrike阶段性罢工strikepicket罢工纠察队员strikepay罢工津贴（由工会给的）strikebreaker,blackleg破坏罢工者downtools,sit-downstrike静坐demonstration,manifestation示威sanction制裁unemployment失业seasonalunemployment季节性失业underemployment不充分就业unemployedman失业者（个人）theunemployed失业者（集体）todischarge,todismiss辞退,开除,解雇dismissal开除,解雇toterminateacontract结束合同,结束契约negotiation谈判collectivebargaining劳资双方就工资等问题谈判receptionist接待员typist打字员keypuncher电脑操作员stenographer速记员telephoneoperator电话接线员programmer电脑程序员systemanalyst系统分析员shorthandtypist速记打字员officegirl女记事员publicservants公务员nationalpublicservant国家公务员localpublicserviceemployee地方公务员nationrailroadman国营铁路职员tracer绘图员illustrator汇稿员saleswoman女店员pilot驾驶员simultaneous同时译员publisher出版人员graphicdesigner美术设计员deliveryboy送报员secretary秘书policeman警察journalist记者editor编辑interpreter通译者director导演talent星探actor男演员actress女演员photographer摄影师scholar学者translator翻译家novelist小说家playwright剧作家linguist语言学家botanist植物学家economist经济学家chemist化学家scientist科学家philosopher哲学家politician政治学家physicist物理学家astropologist人类学家archaeologist考古学家geologist地质学家expertonfolklore俗学家mathematician数学家biologist生物学家zoologist动物学家statistician统计学家physiologist生理学家futurologist未来学家artists艺术家painter画家musician音乐家composer作曲家singer歌唱家designer设计家sculptor雕刻家designer服装设计师fashioncoordinator时装调配师dressmaker女装裁剪师cutter裁剪师sewer裁缝师tailor西装师傅beautician美容师model模特ballerina芭蕾舞星detective刑警chiefofpolice警察局长taxidriver出租车司机clerk店员mailman邮差newspaperboy报童bootblack擦鞋童poet诗人copywriter撰稿人producer制片人newscaster新闻评论人milkman送奶人merchant商人florist卖花人baker面包师greengrocer菜贩fish-monger鱼贩butcher肉贩shoe-maker鞋匠saleswoman女店员stewardess空中小姐conductor车长stationagent站长porter行李夫carmechanic汽车修理师architect建筑师civilplanner城市设计师civilengineer土木技师druggist,chemist,pharmacist药剂师guide导游oilsupplier加油工（public）healthnurse保健护士dentist牙科医生supervisor监工forman工头doctor医生nurse护士宏观经济的macroeconomic通货膨胀inflation破产insolvency有偿还债务能力的solvent合同contract汇率exchangerate紧缩信贷tightencreditcreation私营部门privatesector财政管理机构fiscalauthorities宽松的财政政策slackfiscalpolicy税法taxbill财政publicfinance财政部theMinistryofFinance平衡预算balancedbudget继承税inheritancetax货币主义者monetariest增值税VAT（valueaddedtax）收入revenue总需求aggregatedemand商务英语词汇大全货币化monetization赤字deficit经济不景气recessionaperiodwhentheeconomyofacountryisnotsuccessful,businessconditionsarebad,industrialproductionandtradeareatalowlevelandthereisalotofunemployment经济好转turnabout复苏recovery成本推进型costpush货币供应moneysupply生产率productivity劳动力laborforce实际工资realwages成本推进式通货膨胀cost-pushinflation需求拉动式通货膨胀demand-pullinflation双位数通货膨胀double-digitinflation极度通货膨胀hyperinflation长期通货膨胀chronicinflation治理通货膨胀tofightinflation最终目标ultimategoal坏的影响adverseeffect担保ensure贴现discount萧条的sluggish认购subscribeto支票帐户checkingaccount货币控制工具instrumentsofmonetrycontrol借据IOUs（Ioweyou）本票promissorynotes货币总监controllerofthecurrency拖收系统collectionsystem支票清算或结算checkclearing资金划拨transferoffunds可以相信的证明credentials改革fashion被缠住entangled货币联盟MonetaryUnion再购协议repo精明的讨价还价交易horse-trading欧元euro公共债务membershipcriteria汇率机制REM储备货币reservecurrency劳动密集型labor-intensive股票交易所bourse竞争领先frontrun牛市bullmarket非凡的牛市aragingbull规模经济scaleeconomcies买方出价与卖方要价之间的差价bid-askspreads期货（股票）futures经济商行brokeragefirm回报率rateofreturn股票equities违约default现金外流cashdrains经济人佣金brokeragefee存款单CD（certificateofdeposit营业额turnover资本市场capitalmarket布雷顿森林体系TheBrettonWoodsSystem经常帐户currentaccount套利者arbitrager远期汇率forwardexchangerate即期汇率spotrate实际利率realinterestrates货币政策工具toolsofmonetarypolicy银行倒闭bankfailures跨国公司MNC（Multi-NationalCorporation）商业银行commercialbank商业票据comercialpaper利润profit本票，期票promissorynotes监督tomonitor佣金（经济人）commissionbrokers套期保值hedge有价证券平衡理论portfoliobalancetheory外汇储备foreignexchangereserves固定汇率fixedexchangerate浮动汇率floating/flexibleexchangerate货币选择权（期货）currencyoption套利arbitrage合约价exerciseprice远期升水forwardpremium多头买升buyinglong空头卖跌sellingshort按市价订购股票marketorder股票经纪人stockbroker国际货币基金theIMF七国集团theG-7监督surveillance同业拆借市场interbankmarket可兑换性convertibility软通货softcurrency限制restriction交易transaction充分需求adequatedemand短期外债shorttermexternaldebt汇率机制exchangerateregime直接标价directquotes资本流动性mobilityofcapital赤字deficit本国货币domesticcurrency外汇交易市场foreignexchangemarket国际储备internationalreserve利率interestrate资产assets国际收支balanceofpayments贸易差额balanceoftrade繁荣boom债券bond资本captial资本支出captialexpenditures商品commodities商品交易所commodityexchange期货合同commodityfuturescontract普通股票commonstock联合大企业conglomerate货币贬值currencydevaluation通货紧缩deflation折旧depreciation贴现率discountrate归个人支配的收入disposablepersonalincome从业人员employedperson汇率exchangerate财政年度fiscalyear企业freeenterprise国生产总值grossantionalproduct库存inventory劳动力人数laborforce债务liabilities市场经济marketeconomy合并merger货币收入moneyincome跨国公司MultinationalCorproation个人收入personalincome优先股票preferredstock价格收益比率price-earningratio优惠贷款利率primerate利润profit回报returnoninvestment使货币升值revaluation薪水salary季节性调整seasonaladjustment关税tariff失业人员unemployedperson效用utility价值value工资wages工资价格螺旋上升wage-pricespiral收益yield补偿贸易compensatorytrade,compensateddeal储蓄银行savingsbanks欧洲联盟theEuropeanUnion单一的实体asingleentity抵押贷款mortgagelending业主产权owner''''sequity普通股commonstock无形资产intangibleassets收益表incomestatement营业开支operatingexpenses行政开支administrativeexpenses现金收支一览表statementofcashflow贸易中的存货inventory收益proceeds投资银行investmentbank机构投资者institutionalinvestor垄断兼并委员会MMC招标发行issuebytender定向发行introduction代销offerforsale直销placing公开发行publicissue信贷额度creditline国际债券internationalbonds欧洲货币Eurocurrency利差interestmargin以所借的钱作抵押所获之贷款leveragedloan权利股发行rightsissues净收入比例结合netincomegearing外贸中常见英文缩略词1C2T/T（telegraphictransfer）电汇3D/P（documentagainstpayment）付款交单4D/A（documentagainstacceptance）承兑交单5C.O（certificateoforigin）一般原产地证6G.S.P.（generalizedsystemofpreferences）普惠制7CTN/CTNS（carton/cartons）纸箱8PCE/PCS（piece/pieces）只、个、支等9DL/DLS（dollar/dollars）美元10DOZ/DZ（dozen）一打11PKG（package）一包，一捆，一扎，一件等12WT（weight）重量13G.W.（grossweight）毛重14N.W.（netweight）净重15C/D（customsdeclaration）报关单16EA（each）每个，各17W（with）具有18w/o（without）没有19FAC（facsimile）传真20IMP（import）进口21EXP（export）出口22MAX（maximum）最大的、最大限度的23MIN（minimum）最小的，最低限度24M或MED（medium）中等，中级的25M/V（merchantvessel）商船26S.S（steamship）船运27MT或M/T（metricton）公吨28DOC（document）文件、单据29INT（international）国际的30P/L（packinglist）装箱单、明细表31INV（invoice）发票32PCT（percent）百分比33REF（reference）参考、查价34EMS（expressmailspecial）特快传递35STL.（style）式样、款式、类型36T或LTX或TX（telex）电传37RMB（renminbi）人币38S/M（shippingmarks）装船标记39PR或PRC（price）价格40PUR（purchase）购买、购货41S/C（salescontract）销售确认书42L/C（letterofcredit）信用证43B/L（billoflading）提单44FOB（freeonboard）离岸价45CIF（cost,insurance补充：CR=credit贷方，债主DR=debt借贷方（注意：国外常说的debtcard，就是银行卡，creditcard就是信誉卡。这里都是指银行和财务公司说的，你的银行卡，是你将钱放入银行，银行是"借贷方"，所以叫做debt卡。用credit卡，是你从银行或者财政公司借钱，银行或公司是"贷方"，所就叫credit.）Exp=Expense花费，费用O/H=overhead常用开支TC=totalcost总费用FC=fixedcost常设费用VC=variablecost变动费用P=profit净利润S=sales销售总额Rev=revenue利润MC=marginalcost费用差额GM=grossmargin毛利MR=marginalrevenue利润差额A/R=acountreceivable待收款（销售后，记账以后收取。）A/P=accountpayable代付费（花费后记账，以后付费。）PMT=payment支付款N/I=netincome纯收入AMT=amount数额DCT=discount打折OCCUPATIONEMPLOYMENT职业与就业accountantn.会计airhostess女乘务员，空姐applicantn.申请人appointv.任命appointmentn.任命assistantn.助理attendantn.服务员auditorn.查帐员bankern.银行家barbern.为男士理发的理发师bookkeepern.记帐员brokern.经纪人businessmann.商人buyern.采购员capablea.有能力的careern.职业certificaten.证书chemistn.药剂师clerkn.办事员current（present）post现在的工作dentistn.牙医designern.设计家detectiven.侦探diploman.文凭，学位directorn.…长（主任）dismissv.解雇drawern.出票人，开票人，抽屉employeen.雇员employern.雇主engineern.工程师executiven.行政官experiencedstaff有经验的雇员freelancen.职业者（作家、演员等）full-timejob专职工作graduaten.毕业生hairdressern.理发师interviewn.v.面试jobagency职业介绍所judgen.法官laborern.劳工landladyn.女房东lawyern.律师managern.经理managingdirectorn.总经理manufacturern.制造商newsagentn.报刊销售人newspaperreporter记者officeworker办公室工作人员officern.官员operatorn.接线员outofwork失业packern.包装工part-timejob非专职工作permanentjob固定职业photographern.照相师pilotn.飞行员politiciann.政治家postmann.邮递员presidentn.总裁，董事长previousjob以前的工作pricecontroller物价员primeminister总理principaln.校长producern.制造者professorn.教授purchasern.采购员qualificationn.资格qualitycontroller质量管理员receptionistn.接待员recommendv.推荐redundancyn.过剩，多余，累赘redundanta.过剩的，多余的，累赘的resignv.辞职resumen.简历retailern.零售商retirev.退休sackv.n.解雇salesrep（representative）销售代表salesmann.销售员scientistn.科学家secretaryn.秘书shopassistant售货员shopkeepern.店主skilledworkers技术工人specialistn.专家specializeinv.专长staffrecruitment雇员招聘supervisorn.主管人temporaryjob临时职业toapplyfor申请totakeon雇佣typistn.打字员unemploymentn.失业vacancyn.空缺（职位）wholesalern.批发商workforcen.劳动力TYPESOFCOMPANYBUSINESS行业名称bankingn.银行业constructionn.建筑业correspondencen.通信educationn.教育electronicsn.电子学entertainmentsn.娱乐financen.财经，金融healthn.保健import/exportn.v.进/出口manufacturen.制造业pressn.报刊，新闻界printingn.印刷业producingn.生产业programmingn.编程publishingn.出版sciencen.科学telecommunicationsn.通讯tradeunionn.工会transportingn.运输DIVISIONSDEPARTMENTS公司部门accountsn.会计部administrationn.行政管理部advertisingn.广告部assemblyline装配线assemblyplant装配工厂canteenn.餐厅，小卖部clinicn.门诊所customeraccount帐务部distributionn.分销部financialservices财务服务部forwardingcompany运输公司groupn.集团headoffice总部headquartersn.总部humanresources人力资源部maintenancen.维修部managementn.管理部marketingn.营销部packagingn.包装部personneln.人事部productionn.生产部publicrelations公关部purchasingn.采购部qualitycontrol质量管理部researchanddevelopment调研部salesn.销售部trainingn.培训部wagesandsalaries工资部常用缩略语表accounts帐目aerospace太空algebra（alg）代数学（代数）anatomy（anat）解剖学（解剖）architecture（archit）建筑学（建筑）arithmetic（arith）算术（算术）art艺术astronomy（astron）天文学（天文）ballet芭蕾舞biblical圣经的，圣经中的（圣经）biology（biol）生物学（生物）book-keeping传记botany（bot）植物学（植物）business贸易（贸易）chemistry（chem）化学（化学）cinema电影commerce（comm）商业（商）computer（comp）电子计算机（计算机）cricket板球戏ecclesiastical（eccles）教会的（教会）engineering（eng）工程学（工程）electricity（electr）电学（电）farming农业finance（fin）财政学（财政）football足球gambling赌博geology（geol）地质学（地质）geometry（geom）几何学（几何）grammar（gram）文法（文法）history（hist）历史（史）journalism新闻学legal法律linguistics（ling）语言学（语言）mathematics（maths）数学（数学）mechanics（mech）机械学（机械）medical（med）医学（医）meteorology（met）气象学（气象）military（mil）军语（军）music音乐mythology（myth）神话nautical（naut）航海（航海）pathology（path）病理学philosophy（phil）哲学（哲）phonetics（phon）语言学（语言）photography（photo）摄影术（摄影）physics（phys）物理学（物理）physiology（physiol）生理学（生理）politics（pol）政治学（政治）psychology（psych）心理学（心理）racing赛马，赛车radiotelegraphy（radio）无线电报（无线电）rugger橄榄球science科学sport运动tennis网球theatre戏剧trigonometry（trig）三角学（三角）zoology（zool）动物学（动物）centreofpopulation城市city城capital首都metropolis大都市centre市中心（美作:center）shoppingcentre商业区municipality市政当局municipal市的,市政的district区residentialarea居区,住宅区urban市区的suburb近郊区outskirts郊区slums贫窟,贫区shantytown贫区village村hamlet小村hole,dump狭小破旧的住房locality所在地Chinesequarter唐人街extension范围,扩展house房子building楼房skyscraper摩天楼flat居住单元,套房shop,store商店departmentstores百货公司bazar,bazaar市场market市场,集市junkshop旧货店newsstand报摊CommodityExchange商品交易所StockExchange股票交易所townhall市政厅Lawcourt法院church教堂cathedral大教堂chapel小礼拜堂cemetery墓地,公墓grave,tomb坟,墓school学校university大学library图书馆theatre剧院（美作:theater）museum博物馆zoologicalgarden动物园fairground,funfair游乐园stadium体育场generalpostoffice邮局station车站artmuseum美术馆artgallery画廊botanicalgarden植物园monument纪念碑publictelephone公共电话publiclavatory公共厕所nationalhighway国道trafficlight交通灯barracks兵营常用男女名字各20个Girls'NameBoys'Name1Ashley1Michael2Jessica2Christopher3Amanda3Matthew4Sarah4Joshua5Brittany5Andrew6Megan6Daniel7Jennifer7Justin8Nicole8David9Stephanie9Ryan10Katherine10John11Lauren11Steven12Rachel12Robert13Samantha13James14Heather14Nicholas15Elizabeth15Joseph16Danielle16Brian17Christina17Jonathan18Emily18Kyle19Danielle19Sean20Christina20William100%:onehundredpercent0.5%:pointfivepercent0.46%:pointfoursixpercent2.05:twopointnoughtfive;twopointOfive6.003:sixpointnoughtnoughtthree;sixpointOOthree78.12:seventy-eightpointonetwo119:oneonenine120:onetwooh688:sixdouble-eight5337:fivedouble-threeseven6512:sixfiveonetwo97868:nineseveneightsixeight893493:eightninethreefourninethree737964:seventhreesevenninesixfour62374881:sixtwothreesevenfourdouble-eightone同一个时间可以有几种表达方法。1.1）4:00fouro'clock,four,4o'clock1.2）04:00fourinthemorning,4a.m1.3）16:00fourintheafternoon,4p.m2.1）9:00nineo'clock,nine,9o'clock2.2）09:00nineinthemorning,9a.m2.3）21:00nineintheevening,nineatnight,9p.m3.1）12:00twelveo'clock,twelve,12o'clock3.2）12:00twelveinthemorning,12a.m,midday3.3）00:00twelveatnight,12p.m,midnight4）12:15,00:15aquarterpasttwelve,quarterpasttwelve,twelvefifteen,aquarteraftertwelve5）02:25,14:25twenty-fivepasttwo,twenty-fiveminutespasttwo,twotwenty-five,twenty-fiveaftertwo6）11:30,23:30halfpasteleven,eleven-thirty,halfeleven,halfaftereleven7）12:45,00:45aquartertoone,quartertoone,twelveforty-five,aquarterofone8）07:50,19:50tentoeight,tenminutestoeight,seven-fifty,tenofeight下面的例句都是表示时间：Whattimeisit,Gordon?几点了，戈登？Justafterfive.刚过5点。What'sthetime