山东师范大学外国语学院211翻译硕士专业硕士英语历年考研真题及详解合集

目录2011年山东师范大学211翻译硕士英语考研真题及详解2012年山东师范大学211翻译硕士英语考研真题及详解2013年山东师范大学211翻译硕士英语考研真题及详解2014年山东师范大学211翻译硕士英语考研真题及详解2015年山东师范大学211翻译硕士英语考研真题及详解

2016年山东师范大学211翻译硕士英语考研真题及详解

2011年山东师范大学211翻译硕士英语考研真题及详解I.VocabularyandGrammaticalStructure(30points)SectionADirections:Thereare15sentencesinthissection.Eachsentenceinthissectionhasawordorphraseunderlined.Thereare4wordsorphrasesbeneatheachsentence.Choosetheonewhichwouldbestkeepthemeaningoftheoriginalsentenceifitweresubstitutedfortheunderlinedpart.1．Wewereallscaredwhenweheardsomeweirdshrieksintheforest.A.strangeB.agonizingC.wildD.sad【答案】A【解析】句意：我们在森林里听到一些奇怪的尖叫声时都很害怕。weird怪异的。agonizing痛苦难忍的。2．Thewordingofthetreatyisloose,ifnotevasive.A.impertinentB.misleadingC.redundantD.obscure

【答案】B【解析】句意：如果不是为了推脱的话，这个条约的措辞很不精确。evasive逃避的；托辞的。misleading误导性的。impertinent不恰当的；无礼的。redundant多余的，过剩的。3．ForthehomelesschildrenstayingatRafaelHouseinSanFrancisco,schooldaysbeginwithprayersandthepledgeofallegiance.A.sympathyB.loyaltyC.hostilityD.revenge【答案】B【解析】句意：对于住在旧金山拉菲尔大厦(RafaelHouse)无家可归的孩子来说，上学的日子以祈祷和效忠宣誓开始。allegiance效忠，忠诚。hostility敌意。revenge报复。4．Itwasinappropriateforyoutomocktheman’smisshapenbodyandfailinglimbs.A.touchB.resentC.protectD.ridicule【答案】D【解析】mock嘲弄。ridicule嘲笑；嘲弄。resent怨恨。5．Itisobviousthatthetrendtowardsmallerfamilieswillcontinue

unabated.A.unparalleledB.unchallengedC.atfullstrengthD.ataslowspeed【答案】C【解析】句意：很明显，小型家庭的趋势将持续下去。unabated不减弱的。unparalleled无比的；无双的。6．Thegeneralelectioncampaignwillbeunderconstantinternationalscrutiny.A.investigationB.examinationC.promotionD.administration【答案】B【解析】句意：大选将受到国际社会的密切监督。scrutiny详细审查；监视。7．Johnwentoutofhisofficeinordertocalmtheturmoilwithinhim.A.passionB.emotionC.difference

D.disturbance【答案】D【解析】句意：约翰走出办公室，以平息内心的骚动。turmoil混乱，骚动。disturbance干扰；骚乱。8．Relationsbetweenthemwouldbemuchmoreharmoniousifonlytherewerealittlemoregiveandtake.A.sufficientcontributionsB.mutualconcessionsC.friendlyconversionsD.frequentconsultations【答案】B【解析】句意：如果他们俩能互相迁就，他们之间的关系会更加和谐。giveandtake平等交换；互相迁就。mutualconcessions相互让步。9．Shekeptaskingmetogoshoppingwithher.Intheend,itgotonmynerves.A.annoyedmeB.distractedmeC.impressedmeD.convincedme【答案】A【解析】句意：她一直让我和她一起去购物，最后我感到很烦。getonone’snerves惹人烦。

10．Hesatinthecenteroftheroomwiththecommunicationssystemandancillaryequipment.A.audibleB.auxiliaryC.authenticD.auspicious【答案】B【解析】句意：他坐在有通讯系统和辅助设备房间的中央。ancillary辅助的。auxiliary辅助的。audible听得见的。authentic真正的，真实的。auspicious吉兆的。11．Mr.Robinsonoftenpridedhimselfonthefactthathealwayscalledaspadeaspade.A.completedhisdutiesB.workeddiligentlyC.pokefranklyD.kepthisword【答案】C【解析】句意：罗宾逊先生经常以自己直言不讳的性格为豪。callaspadeaspade直言不讳。12．Mary’sparentstaughtheralwaystobebenevolent.A.hardworkingB.kindhearted

C.honestD.brave【答案】B【解析】句意：玛丽的父母教导她要仁慈。benevolent仁慈的，善心的。kindhearted仁慈的，好心肠的。13．Shewenttothecountrytorecuperateafterherlongillness.A.conveneB.converseC.convergeD.convalesce【答案】D【解析】recuperate复原；休养。convalesce恢复健康，康复。convene召集。converse谈话，交谈。converge聚集；靠拢。14．Allthestaffmembersofthedevelopmentmadezealouseffortstocleanupthehallfortheirparty.A.giganticB.concertedC.enthusiasticD.dedicated【答案】C【解析】句意：所有的工作人员都积极地为他们的聚会打扫大厅。zealous热心的，热情的。gigantic巨大的。concerted协调的。dedicated专

注的；献身的。15．TheChancellorignoredthefactthathewasthecenterofcriticismandstucktohisreforms.A.dischargedB.disregardedC.disguisedD.disposed【答案】B【解析】句意：总理不顾自己成为批评的焦点而坚持自己的改革。disregard忽视；不理。discharge解雇；卸下。disguise掩饰；假装。dispose处理；处置。SectionBDirections:Thereare15sentencesinthissection.Beneatheachsentencethereare4choicesmarkedA,B,C,andD.Choosethebestonethatcompletesthesentence.16．_________tothequestionofrefreshments,Ishouldthinklemonadeandsandwicheswillbeenough.A.PriorB.AsC.DueD.According【答案】B【解析】句意：至于茶点而言，我认为柠檬水和三明治就足够了。asto

至于；就……而论。priorto在……之前。17．Itwasrecommendedthatthepharmaceuticalcompany_____permissiontosellthemedicineforroutineuse.A.tobegiveB.isgivenC.istobegivenD.begiven【答案】D【解析】Itwasrecommendedthat后应该接shoulddo，should可省略。thepharmaceuticalcompany与give之间是被动关系，因此应该用被动语态。18．I’mworried.Theywere_____beforenightfall.A.toarriveB.arrivingC.tohavearrivedD.tobearriving【答案】A【解析】betodosth.在这里表示将来按计划或安排要做的事。19．Ifyoufeellike_____awalkaftersuper,I’dliketogowithyou.A.totakeB.takingC.for

D.andtake【答案】B【解析】句意：如果你想在晚饭后散步，我想和你一起去。feellikedoing想做……。20．ItwasatMary’shome_____wemetforthefirsttime.A.whenB.whichC.thereD.that【答案】D【解析】本题考查强调句型，其形式为Itis/was+被强调部分+that(who)+句子其他部分。21．ItistruethatBobsplanisinferior_____Jacksinmanyrespects.A.thanB.toC.byD.with【答案】B【解析】beinferiorto劣于，次于。这个词组本身就有比较的含义，不需要再接than。22．Iwantedtobuyanewcomputerthisyear,butmybrotherrejectedtheidea_____atriptothebeach.

A.infavorofB.insteadofC.inviewofD.incaseof【答案】A【解析】“reject...infavorof...”的意思为“反对……而赞成……”。inviewof鉴于；考虑到。incaseof万一；如果发生。23．ThemomentI_____myworkreport,wewillgoandplaygolf.A.wouldfinishB.shallfinishC.finishedD.finish【答案】C【解析】themoment等在引导时间状语从句时，从句用一般现在时，主句用一般将来时。24．Thecompoundscouldnothavebeenformedifthechemicalreaction_____stoppedA.havebeenB.wasC.hadbeenD.were

【答案】C【解析】这句话是表示与过去事实相反的虚拟条件句，从句为过去完成时，主句为would(should,could,might)+havedone。25．TheBritisharenotsofamiliarwithdifferentculturesandotherwaysofdoingthings,_____isoftenthecaseinothercountries.A.asB.thatC.soD.it【答案】A【解析】asisoftenthecase为固定搭配，意思是“情况常常如此；这是常有的事”。26．Greatlyagitated,Irushedtotheapartmentandtriedthedoor,_____tofinditlocked.A.justB.thusC.henceD.only【答案】D【解析】句意：我感到很不安，匆忙赶回到公寓，试了下门，却发现已经锁上了。onlytodo为不定式表示结果，通常是不好的结果。27．Comewhat_____,we’renotgoingtomakeanyconcessionstohisunreasonabledemands.

A.mustB.mayC.couldD.would【答案】B【解析】句意：无论怎样，我们都不会对他的无理要求做出任何让步。comewhatmay为固定短语，意思是“无论怎样，不管怎样”。28．_____fullpreparations,wedecidedtoputoffthemeetingtillnextmonth.A.WedidnotmakeB.HavingnotmakeC.WehadnotmadeD.Nothavingmade【答案】D【解析】这句话中前半句和后半句的主语都是we，所以动词应该用主动形式。由于做准备发生在开会之前，所以用完成时。29．Scarcely_____himselfinhisseatsinthetheaterwhenthecurtainwentup.A.hashesettledB.didhesettleC.hadhesettledD.wouldhesettle

【答案】C【解析】scarcely为否定意义的词，放于句首时应该倒装。由于“settleinhisseat”这个动作发生在“wentup”之前，因此应该用过去完成时。30．Iwilldomybesttogetthebookforyou_____Icouldrememberwhoborrowedit.A.exceptthatB.ifonlyC.onconditionthatD.consideringwhether【答案】C【解析】句意：如果我记得谁借了这本书，我会尽最大的努力帮你拿到。onconditionthat倘若，如果。ifonly要是……多好。II.ReadingComprehension:(40points)SectionADirections:Inthissectiontherearethreepassagesfollowedbyquestionsorunfinishedstatements,eachwithfoursuggestedanswersmarkedA,B,CandD.Choosetheonethatyouthinkisthebestanswer.TextALastyear,whenPresidentGeorgeW.Bushannouncedthatfederalfundscouldbeusedtosupportresearchonhumanembryonicstemcells,hemandatedthatonlythosecelllinesthatexistedatthetimewouldqualifyforsuchsupport.Morethanayearlaterit’sbecomingincreasinglyclearthattheseexistingcelllinesareinadequate.Unlessmorearecreated,theresearchslowdownmayexactastaggeringcostintermsofhumansuffering.Sincethisannouncement,theU.SNationalInstitutesofHealthhastriedto

stimulateresearchontheexistingcelllineswithnewfundingandeffortstostreamlinetheinitiallycumbersomeprocessofobtainingapprovedcells.However,whetherthereare60celllines,asoriginallystated,ornine,asnowappeartobeavailabletoNIH-fundedinvestigators,thenumberisnotadequate.Giventhegeneticdiversitywithinthepopulation,scientistsneedaccesstonewcelllinesiftheyaretocomeupwiththemosteffectivecelltherapies.Theissueispartlyoneofsafety.Inconductingresearchwithhumanparticipants,wemustminimizerisks.Themosteffectivecelllinemightnotbethesafest.Whendevelopinganewmedicine,alargenumberofmoleculesmustbescreenedtofindabalancebetweeneffectivenessandsafety.Thesameistruewithcells:Inthecontextofcelltherapy,itwillbeimportanttominimizeunwantedimmunereactionsandinflammation.Thisrequiresselectionfromalargenumberofcelllinestoobtainthebestmatch.It’sclearfromexperimentswithanimalsthatstem--celltherapiescanreducehumansuffering.Parkinsonianmicehavebeencuredwithembryonicstemcellsthatwereprogrammedtobecomedopamine-secreting,replacementnervecells.Soon,cellsinducedtomakeinsulinintissuecultureswillbeusedinattemptstotreatdiabeticmice.Similarsuccesseshavebeenachievedinanimalmodelsofspinalcordinjury,heartfailureandotherdegenerativedisorders.Weareatafrontierinmedicinewheretissueswillberestoredinwaysthatwerenotimaginablejustafewyearsago.Theethicalissuesraisedbyhuman-embryoresearchareprofound.Thehumancostsofrestrictingthisresearchmustbetakenintoaccountaswell.Thecostindollarsofdelayingnewstem-cellresearchisdifficulttoestimate.Itmightmeasureinthehundredsofbillionsofdollars,especiallyifoneaddsthelostproductivityofindividualswhomustleaveworktocareforvictimsofdegenerativedisorders.Alessobvious,butreal,costisthedamagetothefabricofAmerica’sextraordinarycultureofinquiryandtechnicaldevelopmentinbiomedicalscience.Ouruniversitiesandteachinghospitalsareunparalleled.Weattracttheverybeststudents,scientistsandphysiciansfromaroundtheworld.Buttheseinstitutionsarefragile.Researchandeducationplaykeyrolesinattractingthebestphysicians.Acrippledresearchenterprisemightaddan

unbearablestresswithlong-lastingeffectsontheentiresystem.Ifrevolutionarynewtherapiesaredelayedoroutlawed,wecouldbesetbackforyears,ifnotdecades.Tosteerclearofcontroversy,someinvestigatorswillredirecttheirresearch.Otherswillemigratetocountrieswheresuchresearchisallowedandencouraged.Somewilldropoutentirely.Thepallcastoverthesciencecommunitycouldextendfarbeyondstem-cellresearch.Manytherapieshaveemergedfromcollaborationbetweengovernment-sponsoredresearchersandprivateenterprise.Fewofthesediscoverieswouldhaveemergedii,forinstance,recombinantDNAresearchhadbeenoutlawed30yearsago.Wefacethesametypeofdecisiontodaywithlimitsplacedonhumanembryonicstemcells.Safeguardswillbenecessary.Butifwedonotproceedembracingthevaluesofobjective,open,inquirywithcompletesharingofmethodsandresults,thefieldwillbelefttolessrigorousfringegroupshereandabroad.Patientsandsocietywillsuffer.31．ItcanbeinferredfromParagraph1thattheauthor_____.A.isinfavorofstem-cellresearchB.welcomestheresearchslowdownC.takesaneutralstandontheresearchC.thinksitessentialtospeeduptheresearch32．Theword“streamline”inthesecondparagraphprobablymeans______.A.strengthenB.simplifyC.ascertainC.subvert

33．AllofthefollowingaretheconsequencesoftheresearchslowdownEXCEPT______.A.thenegativeimpactontechnicaladvancementB.thedetrimenttothecultureofinquiryC.thelossofone’sproductivityC.thecollapseofAmericandreams34．WhichofthefollowingstatementsabouttheresearchisTRUE?A.Someresearchersaredubiousofthefeasibilityoftheresearch.B.Privateenterprisedoesn’tshowtheinterestintheresearch.C.Thereshouldbeabalancebetweencautionandaudacity.D.Manyresearchershavegivenuptheirresearch.35．Themostsuitabletitleforthepassagewouldbe_____.A.TheCellLinesB.TheStem-cellResearchC.TheDangersofDelayD.CostsonAmericanPatients【答案与解析】31．A作者在第一段最后一句说到“Unlessmorearecreated，theresearchslowdownmayexactastaggeringcostintermsofhumansuffering”，即如果找不到更多的细胞株，研究就会停下来，这将使人类遭受巨大的损失。由此可见，作者是支持干细胞研究的。32．B第二段第一句的意思为，自从布什政府宣布可用联邦基金支持干

细胞研究后，美国国立卫生研究院就努力投入新资金来推动现有细胞系的研究并努力来streamline原先获取细胞的繁琐过程。既然原来的过程是很繁琐的，那需要做的就是简化这一过程。33．D由第四段最后一句“Itmightmeasureinthehundredsofbillionsofdollars，especiallyifoneaddsthelostproductivityofindividuals”可知C是后果之一。第五段首句提到“Alessobvious,butreal,costisthedamagetothefabricofAmerica’sextraordinarycultureofinquiryandtechnicaldevelopment...”，因此A和B也符合文意。只有D未提及，故为答案。34．C最后一段最后三句提到“Safeguardswillbenecessary.Butifwedonotproceedembracingthevaluesofobjective,open,inquiry...Patientsandsocietywillsuffer”，即有必要采取预防措施，但是如果人们只重视安全问题，不继续探索……那么病人和社会就要遭受痛苦。由此可见，干细胞研究既要谨慎也要有冒险精神。35．C第一段最后一句作者就表明观点：如果找不到更多的细胞株，研究就会停下来，这将使人类遭受极大的痛苦。第四段首句表明动物实验证明干细胞疗法能减轻人类的病痛。第四段和第五段提到了干细胞研究停滞会带来的后果，因此这项研究不能拖延。TextBJudgingfromtalesabouttheriseandfallofempires,thereisalwaysapointwhenthingsaregoingsowellthattheemperorsdoubtthatanythingcouldevergowrong.“Thrift,”warnedNero’sadviserSeneca,“comestoolatewhenyoufinditatthebottomofyourpurse.”IntheOldWorld,nationsgrewfatandthenlazy,untiltheycollapsedundertheirownweight.Butthatwasnottobeourstory.Americangreatness—thevisionofthefounders,thecourageofthepioneers,theindustryofthenationbuilders—reflectedamightyfaithinthepowerofsacrificeasamusclethatmadeyoungnationsstrong.Bankswerelikegymsforthesoul:thefirstsavingsbanksinBostonandNewYorkwereorganizedascharities,where"bumblejourneymen"couldexercisegoodjudgment,storetheirmoneyandnotbetemptedtowasteitondrink.ArchitectLouisSullivancarvedthewordTHRIFToverthedoorofhis"jewelbox"banknearlyacenturyago,foritwasprivatevirtuethatmadepublicprosperitypossible.

Thatvirtuediedwiththebabyboom,butithadbeenailingeversincetheDepression,arguesculturalhistorianDavidTuckerintheDeclineofThriftinAmerica.Thatcrisis,hewrites,invitedeconomiststorecastthriftas“thecontemptiblevicewhichthrewsandinthegearsofourconsumereconomy.”AWhiteHousereportin1931urgedparentstoletchildrenpickouttheirownclothesandfurniture,therebycreatinginthechild“asenseofpersonalaswellasfamilyprideinownership,andeventuallyteachinghimthathispersonalitycanbeexpressedthroughthings.”Somewherealongtheway,thriftdidnotjuststopbeingavalue;itbecameafolly.Savingwasforsuckers;you’dmisstheride,dieleavingmoneyonthetablewhenyoucouldhaveliveditup.Therearenopocketsinashroud,asthesayinggoes.Weoncesavedabout15%ofourincome.Bytheroaring80stheratewas4%;nowwe’reinnegativenumbers.BobHopelikedtojokethat“abankisaplacethatwilllendyoumoneyifyoucanprovethatyoudon’tneedit.”Butthattoochangedaseasycreditbloomedandusurybecameanotherofthosevicesthathadsomehowlostitsjuice.TheaverageAmericanhasninecreditcardswithatotal$17,000balance.Weborrowagainstourhousesandpensionstoliveinawaythatdaresustoactuallygrowold.“Neverinvestinanyideayoucan’tillustratewithacrayon.”FidelitymastermindPeterLynchadvised,butweembracedallkindsofinvestmentsaboutwhichweunderstoodnothingexceptthehollowpromisethattheywouldneverfail.Whentheeconomybegantoswoonwekeptspending,effectivelysendingourselvesrebatechecksfromaccountsalreadywayoverdrawn,asifitwouldmakeusfeelbettertobuyanewTVandchargeittoourkids.GeorgeW.Bushhasneverbeenreluctanttoframe.Policydebatesinmoralterms,targetingan“axisofevil”,castingtaxcutsastheremovalofunfairburdensonhardworkingpeople,callingtariffreductionamoralimperative.Butthriftisonevirtueheneverinvokes,andarestorationofrestraintisastrainofconservatismheseldompromotes.Infact,itwasafterthemosttragicdayinmodernU.S.history,whenBushurgedpeoplewhowantedtohelptogoshopping,thatprofligacyofficiallyreplacedprudenceasapatrioticduty.There’snowaytotellduringthiscurrentdistresswhetherwe’rerepentingor

justretrenching.Thriftstoresalesareup.Catsareshrinking.P.Diddyretiredhisprivatejettosaveongas.Inhardtimes,peopleoftenrediscoverthepeacethatprudencebrings,whenyoutrytospendalittlelessthanyouhavebecausetomorrowmightbeworse.Butthatfeelsalmostun-American;we’reoptimistsbynature,andwe’vebeenlivinglargeforsolongthatsolvencyfeelslikeasacrifice.Itwilltakesomesustainedcharactereducation—andleadership—tounderstandthatmorninginAmericaismorelikelytocomeagainifweprepareformidnight.36．WhatcontributedtotheboomingofAmericaninitsearlydaysaccordingtotheauthor?A．Frugality.B．Banking.C．Courage.D．Charity.37．ThrifthadbeendeclininginAmericasincetheDepression,because_____.A．Americasawababyboom.B．thecountryhadbeenstrongerandmoreprosperous.C．economistsbelieveditcouldobstructeconomicdevelopment.D．banksencouragedpeopletospend.38．Accordingtothepassage,whichofthefollowingstatementisCORRECT?A．SomeAmericanssavebecausetheywanttoenjoythemselves.B．Americanstendtobeindebtbecauseofoverspending.C．PresidentBushoftenputsemphasisonmoral.

D．ThriftisbelievedasanactofpatriotisminAmerica.39．Theauthorislikelytoagreethat_____.A．thriftshouldbeblamedfortheDepression.B．childrenshoulddevelopasenseofownership.C．peopleshouldbecarefulinspending.D．itisnotwisetomakeinvestment.40．Whatistheauthor’smainpurposeinwritingthispassage?A．Tocriticizebanksthatnowindulgepeopletospendinsensibly.B．ToanalyzecausesofAmericaneconomiccrisis.C．Toraisepeople’sconsciousnessofprudentspending.D．TocallforAmericanleaderstolearnfromnationbuilders.【答案与解析】36．A第一段第五句提到“thepowerofsacrificeasamusclethatmadeyoungnationsstrong”即牺牲是使美国变得强大的力量。根据后面说到“Bankswerelike...andnottobetemptedtowasteitondrink”和“ArchitectLouisSullivan...thatmadepublicprosperitypossible”，因此，我们可以判断出“牺牲”在这里指的是“节俭”，故答案为A。37．C第二段第二句提到“Thatcrisis,hewrites,invitedeconomicstorecastthriftas‘thecontemptiblevicewhichthrewsandinthegearsofourconsumereconomy’”即那场经济危机使经济学家们重塑节俭，将其定义为’在我们的消费经济齿轮上撒沙的可鄙恶习’。由此可见，这些经济学家认为节俭阻碍了经济的发展，是经济大萧条以来节俭开始衰落的原因，故答案为C。38．B由第三段可以看出，美国人确实希望享受生活，但他们认为享受生活的方式是liveitup，即过豪华奢侈的生活，因此排除A项；第四段

的首句大意为布什喜欢在政治辩论中使用道德术语，而并不是他重视道德，排除C；第四段说明挥霍被普遍认为是一种爱国行动，而不是节俭，排除D；从第四段的第四、五句中我们可知，美国人通常的消费方式是支出大于收入，他们甚至认为不负债就是一种节俭。由此可见，美国人通常都是负债的，答案为B。39．C第二段开始提到经济大萧条后人们的节俭意识下降，而没有说节俭导致了经济萧条，排除A；第三段作者提到了对投资的态度，即不要“investmentsaboutwhichweunderstoodnothing”，而不是不要进行投资，因此排除D;第三段中作者对过度的、不理性的消费进行了批评，可见他会赞成谨慎的消费，故答案为C。40．CA在文中有涉及但不是整个文章的主旨；文中只提到了经济危机，并没有分析其原因，故B排除；D项太宽泛，文章开头就指出历史上帝国的兴衰沉浮证明了“兴于俭，衰于奢”。最后一段作者明确提出在经济危机时节俭的必要性，故答案为C。TextCJohnJuliusNorwichistheauthorofmorethanadozenbooksonNormanSicily,theSahara,MountAthosandtheVenetianandByzantineempires.Yetevenhisimmenseknowledgeisnotenoughtokeephislatestchronicleof5,000yearsofMediterraneanhistoryappearingsomewhatlopsided.LordNorwich’sfirsttest,henotesinhisintroductiontoTheMiddleSea,wastocompensateforanignoranceofSpain.Herecordsthathewasfortuitouslyinvitedtodinnerby“mydearfriend”theSpanishambassadortoLondonand“afewweekslatertherecameaninvitationfornaywifeandmetospendtendaysinSpain.”Itishardtobelievethatwasalltheefforthemade,forheacquitshimselfwell,evenintheconvoluteddiplomacythatendedinthewaroftheSpanishsuccession.LordNorwich’ssecondtaskwastostrikeabalanceovertime.TheMiddleSeareachesfromancientEgypttothefirstworldwar.Likemanylong,chronologicalnarratives,itbecomesprogressivelymoredetailed,thoughitisdebatablewhetherthisisagoodthing.FewpeoplehavechangedtheregionasmuchastheRomans,yettheirrepublic’sfivecenturiesgetonlyapagemorethanthegreatsiegeofGibraltarwhichbeganin1779.

LordNorwich’sfinal,andarguablymostimportant,challengeistheareathatismostlikelytoengagemodernreaders:theintermittent,butfrequentlysavage,conflictbetweenMuslimsandChristians.Impatientwiththenotion,echoedmostrecentlyanddisastrouslybyPopeBenedict,thattheKoransanctionsthespreadingofIslambythesword,LordNorwichisnoIslamophobe.HeishostiletotheCrusadesandfulsomeinhispraiseofthattraditionalWesternschoolbookvillain,Saladi.YethisaccountremainsdisappointinglyfocusedfromChristendomoutwards.ItistruethatMuslimsdoappearinhisbook—usuallyinbattle—buttheyrarelyspeak.Onlytwoitemsinthe170-volumebibliographyarebyArabscholarsandonlyoneisbyaTurk.Thisisunabashedlyhistoryoftheoldschool:Eurocentric(Octavian,theauthordeclareswithoutirony,wasthe“undisputedmasteroftheknownworld”)andlargelyuninterestedinwhatothereconomic,socialandtechnologicalchangesmayhaveshapedevents.WhatfiresLordNorwichisrecountingthedoingsofprincesandpreachers,warriors,courtiersandcourtesans.Andhedoesitwithconsummateskill.Hespiceshisnonnativeliberallywithentertaininganecdotes,deftportraitsandbriskjudgments.Aristotle,forexample,isgivenshortshriftas“oneofthemostreactionary.intellectualsthateverlived”.LordNorwich’scontrolofhisvastandcomplexsubjectmatterismasterly.Andthesubjectmatteritselfisascolourfulashistorycanget.Nosoonerhavereadersbiddenfarewelltoashort,fat,dissolutesultan,SelimtheSot,thantheyencounterthe“piraticalUskoks,aheterogeneous,butexceedinglytroublesomecommunity”.Althoughfewwillresistthetemptationtokeepturningthepages,readerswillclosethismonumentalworkexhilaratedandinformed,butwithplentyofquestionsstillunanswered.41．Accordingtotheauthor,LordNorwich’snewbookonMediterraneanhistoryis_____.A.cynicalB.comprehensiveC.partial

D.equivocal42．Itcanbeinferredfromthetextthat_____.A.thestoryofSpainiscomparativelylessreferredtoB.theSpanishambassadorandLordNorwichareclosefriendsC.thechaptersofthebookareofthesamelengthD.today’sreadersarefedupwithseeingconflicts43．WhichofthefollowingisINCORRECTaboutTheMiddleSea?A.ThereshouldbemorepagesabouttheRomans.B.LordNorwichwritesquitewellforthepartofSpain.C.LordNorwichholdsanegativeattitudetotheCrusades.D.NorwichagreeswithPopeBenedictonthespreadingofIslam.44．Accordingtothetext,LordNorwichisprobably_____.A.anegocentricmanB.aconservativeC.amodestscholarDanobleman45．TheauthorsoverallcommentonLordNorwich’sbookisoneof_____.A.disapprovalB.impartialityC.ambiguity

D.extolment【答案与解析】41．C根据第一段最后一句“Yetevenhisimmense...somewhatlopsided”可知，作者认为他.尽管知识渊博，但他最近一部记述地中海沿岸5000年历史的编年体著作仍免不了有失偏颇。这里的lopsided与partial同义，故C为正确选项。42．A由第二段第一句可知，LordNorwich在TheMiddleSea这本书的引言中表明其写作是对之前忽视西班牙历史的一种补偿。由此可以推断出在过去的历史著作中西班牙历史经常不被人提及，A项符合题意。43．D第四段第二句指出，有人认为，古兰经是允许伊斯兰教进行武力扩张的，可悲的是，最近本笃教皇也附和了这一观点。诺威奇对这种观点很反感，他并没有"伊斯兰恐惧症"。因此D项正确。44．B倒数第二段指出“Thisisunabashedlyhistoryoftheoldschool”，即这是守旧派记述历史的突出风格，说明LordNorwich比较保守，因此B项正确。45．B本文开篇指出LordNorwich的新书是lopsided(有失偏颇的)。第二段指出西班牙那部分“heacquitshimselfwell(写得很好)”；第三段对各时期的史实等量齐观的做法提出质疑。最后一段进行了总结：“Althoughfewwillresistthetemptationtokeepturningthepages,readerswillclosethismonumentalworkexhilaratedandinformed,butwithplentyofquestionsstillunanswered”。这说明作者对该书的评价非常客观，既指出了问题，又肯定了优点，因此B项“不偏不倚，公正”正确。SectionBDirections:Thereisonepassageinthissection.Readthepassagecarefullyandanswerthequestionsthatfollowitinyourownwords.TextDFormostofus,workisthecentral,dominatingfactoflife.Wespendmorethanhalfourconscioushoursatwork,preparingforwork,travelingtoand

fromwork.Whatwedotherelargelydeterminesoutstandardoflivingandtoaconsiderableextentthestatusweareaccordedbyourfellowcitizensaswell.Itissometimessaidthatbecauseleisurehasbecomemoreimportanttheindignitiesandinjusticesofworkcanbepushedintoacomer;thatbecauseworkisprettyintolerable,thepeoplewhodoitshouldcompensateforitsboredom,frustrationsandhumiliationsbyconcentratingtheirhopesontheotherpartsoftheirlives.Irejectthatasacounselofdespair.Fortheforeseeablefuturethematerialandpsychologicalrewardswhichworkcanprovide,andtheconditionsinwhichworkisdone,willcontinuetoplayavitalpartindeterminingthesatisfactionthatlifecanoffer.Yetonlyasmallminoritycancontrolthepaceatwhichtheyworkortheconditionsinwhichtheirworkisdone;onlyforasmallminoritydoesworkofferscopeforcreativity,imagination,orinitiative.Inequalityatworkandinworkisstilloneofthecruelestandmostglaringformsofinequalityinoursociety.Wecannothopetosolvethemoreobviousproblemsofindustriallife,manyofwhicharisedirectlyorindirectlyfromthefrustrationscreatedbyinequalityatwork,unlesswetackleithead-on.Stilllesscanwehopetocreateadecentandhumanesociety.Themostglaringinequalityisthatbetweenmanagersandtherest.Formostmanagers,workisanopportunityandachallenge.Theirjobsengagetheirinterestandallowthemtodeveloptheirabilities.Theyareconstantlylearning,theyareabletoexerciseresponsibility,theyhaveaconsiderabledegreeofcontrolovertheirown—andothers—workinglives.Mostimportantofall,theygavetheopportunitytoinitiate.Bycontrast,formostmanualworkers,andforgrowingnumbersofwhite-collarworkers,workisaboring,monotonous,evenpainfulexercise.Theyspendalltheirworkinglivesinconditionswhichwouldberegardedasintolerable—forthemselves—bythosewhotakethedecisionswhichletsuchconditionscontinue.Themajorityhavelittlecontrolovertheirwork;itprovidesthemwithnoopportunityforpersonaldevelopment.Oftenproductionissodesignedthatworkersaresimplypartofthetechnology.Inoffices,manyjobsaresoroutinethatworkersjustifiablyfeelthemselvestobemerecogsinthebureaucraticmachine.Asadirectconsequenceoftheirworkerexperience,manyworkersfeelalienatedfromtheirworkandtheirfirm,whetheritisinpublicorinprivateownership.

Risingeducationstandardsfeedrisingexpectations,yetthemountofcontrolwhichtheworkerhasoverhisownworksituationsdoesnotriseaccordingly.Inmanycaseshiscontrolhasbeenreduced.Symptomsofprotestincrease—risingsicknessandabsenteeism,highturnoverofemployees,restrictionsonoutput,andstrikes,bothunofficialandofficial.Thereisnotmuchescapeoutandupwards.Asmanagementbecomesmoreprofessional—initselfagoodthing—theopportunityforpromotionfromtheshopfloorbecomeless.