山东省日照市2023-2024学年高三下学期二模英语试题(解析版)

高级中学名校试卷PAGEPAGE1山东省日照市2023-2024学年高三下学期二模英语试题第一部分阅读（共两节，满分50分）第一节（共15小题；每小题2.5分，满分37.5分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。AIfyou’retravelingwithyourfamilyandlookingforgreatfuninIceland,checkthislistoffamily-friendlytours.Thesetourshelpyoumakethebestofyourfamilyvacation.IcecavingtouronLangjokullGlacier(冰川)OnthisLangjokullGlaciertour,exploretheworld’slargestman-madeicecave.A20-tonmonstertruckwilltakeyoutotheentranceofthecave,locatedclosetothetopoftheglacier.Thenhikethroughthe500mlongicetunnelwithseparatefrozenhallsandadmirebrilliantblueiceformations.You’lldreamaboutthisicecaveexperienceforyearstocome!WhalewatchingtourfromReykjavikHitthehighseasonaDalvikwhalewatchingtour.Witnesshumpbackwhales,bluewhales,minkewhalesandevendolphins!IntrueIcelandicfashion,youwillgetthechancetotryyourhandatseafishing.YourfreshcatchwillbebarbequedIcelandic-stylewhenthetourends,theperfectwaytowrapuptheday.Riverrafting(漂流)downGullfossCanyon.Whetheryou’reanexpertorbeginner,Iceland’swhitewatersattractpeopleofallskilllevels.YourtourbeginsatDrumboddsstadir,continuesdowntheHvitaRiverandendsinBruarhlodCanyon,locatedatthefoothillsofGullfossWaterfall.Thewaterswillleadyoupastawater-carvedgorgeandoverafewsteeprapidsonanunforgettableadventureofalifetime.OldfarmhikeOnthistourwe’llbeaimingfortheoldabandonedfarmatKleif—watchingoutfortheArcticwildlifethatlivesinthearea,includingreindeerandplentyofbirds.Uponarrival,we’llgoonafullyguidedtourofthefarmandhearstoriesofhowIcelandersmanagedtosurviveinthisunfriendlyplace.Finally,we’llenjoysomewarmingrefreshmentsatthefarmafteraneducationaldayinthewilderness.1.Whatdoweknowabouttheicecave?A.Itisartificial. B.Ithasasecretentrance.C.Itliesunderaglacier. D.Itisthedeepestintheworld.2.Whichtourmightappealtoadventurersmost?A.Icecavingtour. B.Whalewatchingtour. C.Riverrafting. D.Oldfarmhike.3.Whatcanyoudoontheoldfarmhiketour?A.Haveabarbecueinthewilderness. B.Learnfarmingfromlocalpeople.C.PracticehuntingArcticanimals. D.Explorethehistoryofthefarm.【语篇解读】这是一篇应用文。文章主要介绍了冰岛的家庭友好型旅游项目，包括冰川探险、观鲸、河流漂流和古农场徒步，适合家庭度假寻求乐趣。〖答案〗1.A2.C3.D【1题详析】细节理解题。根据IcecavingtouronLangjokullGlacier(冰川)部分的“OnthisLangjokullGlaciertour,exploretheworld’slargestman-madeicecave.(在这次郎乔库冰川之旅中，探索世界上最大的人造冰洞)”可知，这个冰洞是人工建造的。故选A。【2题详析】细节理解题。根据Riverrafting(漂流)downGullfossCanyon部分的“Thewaterswillleadyoupastawater-carvedgorgeandoverafewsteeprapidsonanunforgettableadventureofalifetime.(水将带你经过一个水雕峡谷和几个陡峭的急流，进行一生难忘的冒险)”可知，河流漂流提供了不可预测的激流和峡谷穿越，这对于喜欢冒险的人来说最具吸引力。故选C。【3题详析】细节理解题。根据Oldfarmhike部分的“Uponarrival,we’llgoonafullyguidedtourofthefarmandhearstoriesofhowIcelandersmanagedtosurviveinthisunfriendlyplace.(抵达后，我们将在导游的带领下参观农场，听一听冰岛人如何在这个不友好的地方生存下来的故事)”可知，在古老的农场徒步旅行中，参与者可以探索并了解农场的历史。故选D。BWhenBellaLinwas12yearsold,shenoticedthatherguineapigs(豚鼠)seemedunhappyintheirsmallcagewith“prison-likebars”,LintoldtheCNBCMakeItwebsite.Focusingonfindinganalternativetotraditionalcagesforherpets,thenow17-year-oldfromMountainView,US,beganherdesigns.Linexperimentedwithmultipledesignsandusedaround$2,000fromhersavingstostarthersidebusiness,GuineaLoft,onAmazoninNovember2022.Itmadeabigdifferenceandsoldnearly11,000cagesandbroughtinmorethan$410,000in2023,accordingtoCNBCMakeIt.Initially,Lininformedherfatherofherdesiretodevelopanimprovedcage.Herfatherhadrelationswithafamily-ownedfactoryinChinathroughapreviousclient,andhereachedouttothem.Traditionalguineapigcagestypicallyconsistofbars,roofs,andeithertarp(防水布)orplasticbottoms,makingthemhardtocleanandoftensmellbad.Lin’sinitialglass,open-floorcagesofferedmorevisibilityandmobility,withatwo-layeredbottom.Thisdesignallowsfortheeasyremovalofsoiledbeddingbypushingitintoaremovableplastictray(托盘).However,duetohighshippingcosts,theglassmaterialwasimpractical,andtheopenfloorcausedproblemsforhersmallerguineapigs,astheirfeetwouldgetstuck.Linandhersix-personteaminChinadevotedlatenightstoresearchingandtestingproducts.Herteamhandledthesourcing,manufacturing,packagingandphotographyoftheproducts.Intheend,theychoseacrylic,insteadofglass,andcraftedreplaceablebottoms,asLindescribedit.Thebottomsareeasytothrowout,whichisgoodforbusiness:Oncecustomersrunoutofthebottoms,theyhavetovisitLin’sAmazonstoreagaintorestock.“WitnessingthepracticaleffectsofGuineaLoftcagesthroughcustomerreviewsandemailsisempowering,”Linsaid.“Assomeonewhoonceplacedgreatemphasisonacademicrecognition,thesuccessofmysidebusinesshasboostedmyconfidenceinexploringlifebeyondhighschool.”4.WhatinspiredLintodesignanewcageforguineapigs?A.Thehugeprofitsinherbusiness. B.Theirbadlivingconditions.C.Herunpleasantexperienceatschool. D.Herdesiretoreplaceoldcages.5.WhatisamajoradvantageofLin’snewcage?A.Itiswaterproof. B.Itlastslong. C.Itiseasytoclean. D.Itsmellsnice.6.HowdoesLinsoundinthelastparagraph?A.Humorous. B.Concerned. C.Encouraged. D.Curious.7.Whatmaybeasuitabletitleforthetext?A.InventingforOurPets B.RunningaSideBusinessC.BellaLin’sAcademicAchievements D.TheApplicationofGuineaPigCages【语篇解读】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了BellaLin在注意到她的豚鼠在小笼子里不开心后，开始设计替代传统笼子的新型笼子的故事。〖答案〗4.B5.C6.C7.A【4题详析】推理判断题。根据第一段中“WhenBellaLinwas12yearsold,shenoticedthatherguineapigs(豚鼠)seemedunhappyintheirsmallcagewith“prison-likebars”(在BellaLin十二岁的时候，她注意到她的豚鼠在“监狱一样的栅栏”的小笼子里似乎很不开心)”和“Focusingonfindinganalternativetotraditionalcagesforherpets,thenow17-year-oldfromMountainView,US,beganherdesigns.(现年17岁的她来自美国山景城，专注于为她的宠物寻找传统笼子的替代品，于是开始了她的设计。)”可知，豚鼠恶劣的生活条件激发了她为它们设计一个新的笼子。故选B项。【5题详析】细节理解题。根据第四段中“Thisdesignallowsfortheeasyremovalofsoiledbeddingbypushingitintoaremovableplastictray(托盘).(通过将脏垫推入一个可移动的塑料托盘，这种设计使得脏垫可以轻松地被清除)”可知，她设计的新笼子的巨大优势在于便于清理。故选C项。【6题详析】推理判断题。根据最后一段““WitnessingthepracticaleffectsofGuineaLoftcagesthroughcustomerreviewsandemailsisempowering,”Linsaid.“Assomeonewhoonceplacedgreatemphasisonacademicrecognition,thesuccessofmysidebusinesshasboostedmyconfidenceinexploringlifebeyondhighschool.”(Lin说：“通过客户评论和电子邮件，我们看到了GuineaLoft豚鼠笼的实际效果。作为一个曾经非常重视学术认可的人，副业的成功增强了我探索高中以后生活的信心。”)”可知，她意识到自己设计的豚鼠笼实际效果很好，探索高中以后生活的信心得以增强。由此可知，她听起来很受鼓舞。故选C项。【7题详析】主旨大意题。通读全文，尤其是第一段中“Focusingonfindinganalternativetotraditionalcagesforherpets,thenow17-year-oldfromMountainView,US,beganherdesigns.(来自美国山景城的现年17岁的她专注于为她的宠物寻找一种替代传统笼子的方法，开始了她的设计)”可知，文章为读者讲述了BellaLin的故事，她在注意到她的豚鼠在小笼子里不开心后，开始设计替代传统笼子的新型笼子。因此，A项“为我们的宠物做发明”契合文章主旨，最适合作为文章标题。故选A项。CDisabledastronauts-in-traininghavecompletedazero-gravityflight25,000ftaboveEarthtohelpunderstandhowspacesuitsandspaceshipscanbemademoreaccessible.Thegroupof14,whowerefromfivedifferentcountries,includingAustralia,Brazil,Germany,SpainandtheUS,wasmadeupofscientists,engineersanddoctors.Theyhavemobility,visionandhearingdifficulties.Thegroundbreakingtrip,organizedbyAstroAccess,happenedonaZero-GaircraftinHouston,Texas.ItcamejustweeksaftertheEuropeanSpaceAgency(ESA)announcedthatformerParalympianrunner,JohnMcFall,wouldbepartofthe2022ESAAstronautClass.ThemissiontookoffandlandedatEllingtonAirport,nexttotheHoustonSpaceportandtheNASAJohnsonSpacecenter—hometotheUShumanspaceflighttraining.Onclimbingtoaheightof25,000ft,thevehiclebegan18parabolicmanoeuvres(抛物线演习),allowingthecrewstotestoutwhatwasneededtomaketripstospacemoreaccessibleforthosewithdisabilities.Onegrouptestedasetoftactilegraphics(触觉图形)tobeaddedtocabinwallsthatwouldallowbothblindcrewmembersandshort-sightedcrewmemberstomaintainasenseofdirectionduringemergenciesandhelpthemfindemergencydeviceinzerogravityifthelightswentoff.ThoseworkingwiththeBlindandMobilityCrewwereabletodemonstratethatadisabledpersoncanindependentlygetintoalaunchseatandsafelyfastenthefive-pointseatbelt,provingthatdisabledpeoplecansafelyjoinspacemissions.Thehard-of-hearingandblindcrewsworkedwithSonyandSonicCloudtohelpimprovespeechunderstandingsystemsonboard,usingSonicCloud’sinnovativesoundpersonalizationsoftware.MattGohd,CEOofZero-GCorporationsaid:“FromourtimewithStevenHawkingtoourrelationshipwithAstroAccess,Zero-Gbelievesthattheonlylimitsyouhavearetheonesyouplaceonyourself.Wearehonoredtosharethisamazingexperienceandthefirststepstospacewiththisextraordinarygroupofindividuals.Spaceshouldbeopentoeveryone.”8.Whatistheideabehindtheflight?A.Spacetravelcanbeaccessibletoeveryone.B.Spacetravelwillbecomeapopularindustry.C.Spacetravelcandevelopaspiritofadventure.D.Spacetravelwillbegoodforuniverseexploration.9.Whatwasspecialabouttheflight?A.Ithadaformerathleteonboard. B.Itwasdesignedfordisabledpeople.C.Itwasthefirstzero-gravityflightever. D.Itgotfinancialaidfromdifferentcountries.10.Whywerethetestsconducted?A.Tomakepreparationsfortheflight.B.Toenhancespeechunderstandingsystems.C.Tobettertheskillsofthedisabledinusinglaunchseats.D.Toevaluatethepossibilityofspacetravelforthedisabled.11.WhatmessageisconveyedinMattGohd’swords?A.Greatmindsthinkalike. B.Unityisstrength.C.Actionsspeaklouderthanwords. D.Anythingispossible.【语篇解读】本文是一篇新闻报道。文章报道了14名残疾宇航员在AstroAccess组织的帮助下，完成了一次离地球25000英尺的零重力飞行训练，这次飞行旨在测试和改进宇航服和宇宙飞船的设计，以便让残疾人更容易进入太空。〖答案〗8.A9.B10.D11.D【8题详析】推理判断题。根据第一段“Disabledastronauts-in-traininghavecompletedazero-gravityflight25,000ftaboveEarthtohelpunderstandhowspacesuitsandspaceshipscanbemademoreaccessible.(残疾宇航员在训练中完成了离地球25000英尺的零重力飞行，以帮助了解如何使宇航服和宇宙飞船更容易使用)”和最后一段中“Spaceshouldbeopentoeveryone.(太空应该向所有人开放)”可推知，这次飞行是为了让残疾宇航员也可以进行太空旅行，其背后的理念是每个人都可以进行太空旅行。故选A项。【9题详析】细节理解题。根据第二段“Thegroupof14,whowerefromfivedifferentcountries,includingAustralia,Brazil,Germany,SpainandtheUS,wasmadeupofscientists,engineersanddoctors.Theyhavemobility,visionandhearingdifficulties.(这14人来自澳大利亚、巴西、德国、西班牙和美国等5个不同的国家，由科学家、工程师和医生组成。他们行动不便，视力和听力都有障碍)”可知，这次飞行的特殊之处在于它是为残疾人设计的。故选B项。【10题详析】细节理解题。根据第四段“Onclimbingtoaheightof25,000ft,thevehiclebegan18parabolicmanoeuvres(抛物线演习),allowingthecrewstotestoutwhatwasneededtomaketripstospacemoreaccessibleforthosewithdisabilities.(在爬升到2.5万英尺的高度时，飞行器开始了18次抛物线飞行，让工作人员测试需要什么才能让残疾人更方便地前往太空)”可知，测试的目的是评估残疾人太空旅行的可能性。故选D项。【11题详析】推理判断题。根据最后一段MattGohd所说的话“FromourtimewithStevenHawkingtoourrelationshipwithAstroAccess,Zero-Gbelievesthattheonlylimitsyouhavearetheonesyouplaceonyourself.Wearehonoredtosharethisamazingexperienceandthefirststepstospacewiththisextraordinarygroupofindividuals.Spaceshouldbeopentoeveryone.(从我们与史蒂芬·霍金的时光到我们与AstroAccess的关系，Zero-G相信你唯一的限制就是你对自己的限制。我们很荣幸能与这群非凡的人分享这一惊人的经历，并迈出了进入太空的第一步。太空应该向所有人开放)”可知，MattGohd认为人仅受限于自己施加的限制，只要不对自己设限，任何人都可以进行太空旅行。由此可知，他认为一切皆有可能。A.英雄所见略同；B.团结就是力量；C.事实胜于雄辩。故选D项。DWhileit’simpossibletopredictjustwherethenextwildfirewillstart,newDepartmentofDefense-sponsoredresearchfromBrighamYoungUniversity’sFireResearchLabisgettingintothemicroscopicdetailsofhowfiresinitiatetoprovidemoreinsightintohowwildfiresburnthroughwildlandfuels.Fortheirexperiments,fireexpertThomasH.Fletcherandco-authorsloadedleavesof14plantspeciesintothecrucible(坩埚)ofathermogravimetricanalyzer(热重分析仪)andslowlyturnedtheheatupto800degreesCelsius.Astheywatchedtheleavesburn,theycategorizedthespeedatwhichtheplantbrokedownandthechemicalsproducedbytheheat.Theyalsocomparedtheimpactoftwoheatsources:convective(thinkofwind-drivenfires)andradiative(fromburningplantparticlesorflames).Theresearchfoundthatthechemistryofplantsmakesabigdifferenceinhowfasttheybreakdownbeforetheystarttoburn.That’simportanttoknowbecausethetypeofplantfoundonamountainhillsidemayhelppredicthowafirewillburnandhowquicklyitmightjumptoanotherplantspecies.“Verydetailedmodelsthatalreadyexisttakeuptotwoweekstorunonverybigcomputersandbythattime,thefirehasmovedandit’snotinthesameplaceanymore,”Fletchersaid.“We’reaimingtowardsgivinganswersonhowafiremightpropagateinthenext20minutesorhalfhourinsteadofthenexttwoweeks.”Thestudiesareaimedatimprovingpredictivemodelsforbothprescribed(有计划的)burnsandforunplannedwildfires.WithwildfirescostingtheForestServiceandstateagenciesbillionsofdollarstocontrolannually,anyresearchthatcanhelpmakefiremanagementmoreefficientisahighpriority.“Withallwe’vedonetoresearchthem,firesarestilloutofcontrol,”Fletchersaid.“Ourmodelcan’tpreventafire,butitcanhelpwithdecisionsonhowtomanagefiressothatwhenafirestarts,itdoesn’tblowupintoahuge,uncontrollablefire.”12.Whatisparagraph2mainlyabout?A.Theresearchsubjects. B.Theresearchfindings.C.Theresearchprocedures. D.Theresearchobjectives.13.Whatdoestheresearchfindaboutthechemistryofplants?A.Itaffectsthespeedofafire. B.Itisoneofthecausesofafire.C.Itbreaksdownquicklyinafire. D.Ithelpsplantssurviveinafire.14.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“propagate”inparagraph4mean?A.Explode. B.Spread. C.Diedown. D.Breakout.15.Whydotheresearchersdevelopthenewmodel?A.Tomakethemostoutofwildfires. B.Tocontrolwildfiresmoreefficiently.C.Topredicttheoutbreakofwildfires. D.Topreventwildfiresfromhappening.【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了杨百翰大学火灾研究实验室的一项新研究正在深入研究火灾如何引发的微观细节，以提供更多关于野火如何通过荒地燃料燃烧的信息。〖答案〗12.C13.A14.B15.B【12题详析】主旨大意题。根据第二段“Fortheirexperiments,fireexpertThomasH.Fletcherandco-authorsloadedleavesof14plantspeciesintothecrucible(坩埚)ofathermogravimetricanalyzer(热重分析仪)andslowlyturnedtheheatupto800degreesCelsius.Astheywatchedtheleavesburn,theycategorizedthespeedatwhichtheplantbrokedownandthechemicalsproducedbytheheat.Theyalsocomparedtheimpactoftwoheatsources:convective(thinkofwind-drivenfires)andradiative(fromburningplantparticlesorflames).(在他们的实验中，火灾专家ThomasH.Fletcher和合著者将14种植物的叶子放入热重分析仪的坩埚中，慢慢地将热量提高到800摄氏度。当他们观察树叶燃烧时，他们对植物分解的速度和热量产生的化学物质进行了分类。他们还比较了两种热源的影响：对流热源(想想风力驱动的火灾)和辐射热源(燃烧的植物颗粒或火焰)。)”可知，第二段主要介绍了ThomasH.Fletcher和合著者开展研究的具体步骤。故选C项。【13题详析】细节理解题。根据第三段“Theresearchfoundthatthechemistryofplantsmakesabigdifferenceinhowfasttheybreakdownbeforetheystarttoburn.That’simportanttoknowbecausethetypeofplantfoundonamountainhillsidemayhelppredicthowafirewillburnandhowquicklyitmightjumptoanotherplantspecies.(研究发现，植物的化学成分对它们开始燃烧前的分解速度有很大的影响。知道这一点很重要，因为在山坡上发现的植物类型可能有助于预测火灾将如何燃烧，以及它可能以多快的速度跳到另一种植物身上)”可知，研究发现植物的化学成分影响其燃烧前的分解速度，进而影响火灾发生的速度。故选A项。【14题详析】词句猜测题。根据画线词所在句的上文“Verydetailedmodelsthatalreadyexisttakeuptotwoweekstorunonverybigcomputersandbythattime,thefirehasmovedandit’snotinthesameplaceanymore(已经存在的非常详细的模型需要在非常大的计算机上运行长达两周的时间，到那时，火灾已经转移，它已经不在同一个地方了)”可知，已经存在的非常详细的模型的弊端在于其耗时过久，导致无法对已经转移的火灾进行管理，再结合画线词的上文“We’reaimingtowardsgivinganswers(我们的目标是给出〖答案〗)”和下文“inthenext20minutesorhalfhourinsteadofthenexttwoweeks(在接下来的20分钟或半小时，而不是接下来的两周)”可推知，Fletcher的研究目的是在很短的时间内给出火灾如何扩散、蔓延的〖答案〗，确保模型的时效性，画线词意思应该是“传播，扩散”，与spread意思相近。故选B项。【15题详析】细节理解题。根据最后一段中“Ourmodelcan’tpreventafire,butitcanhelpwithdecisionsonhowtomanagefiressothatwhenafirestarts,itdoesn’tblowupintoahuge,uncontrollablefire.(我们的模型不能防止火灾，但它可以帮助我们决定如何管理火灾，这样当火灾发生时，它就不会演变成无法控制的巨大火灾)”可知，研究者开发该新模型是为了更有效地控制野火。故选B项。第二节（共5小题；每小题2.5分，满分12.5分）阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。Everyonereactstothepressuresofanupcomingtestdifferently.____16____Whenyouknowyouhaveatestahead,prepareyourselfmentallyandphysicallywellinadvancetominimizetestanxiety.Herearesometipstohelpgetyouthroughthedaysleadinguptoyourtest.____17____Ithelpsyouengagewithyourmaterial,anditgivesyousomethingelseforreferencewhenyoustudylater.Ifyournotesaredetailedenough,youcanreadoverthemtostudy.Youcanalsousethemtomakeflashcardsandotherstudyaids.Whereyoustudycanbejustasimportantashowyoustudy.Chooseaplacethat’scomfortable,whetherthat’syourbedroom,aquiettableatthelibrary,orabenchatthelocalpark.Makesuretheareahasgoodlightingsoyouaren’tstrainingyoureyes,andensureit’squietandfreefromdistractions.____18____Don’ttrytocram(填塞)allofyourmaterialintoyourbrainthenightbeforethebigtest.Crammingcancausestressandanxiety.____19____Forexample,ifyouknowthetestisintwoweeks,dividethematerialinto10to14partsandspendasetamountoftimeeachdaytoreviewonepart.Ifyouworkwellwithgroups,considerformingorjoiningastudygroupwithotherswhoareseriousaboutpassingthetest.Trytokeepthegroupsmallsothateveryonehasachancetoengage.____20____Andconsidermakingsomeonetheleaderofthegrouptohelpkeepeveryoneontrack.A.Instead,it’sbesttostudyalittlebiteachday.B.Butit’snormaltofeelabitnervousoranxious.C.Agreeonascheduleandlocationtomeeteachweek.D.There’snoneedtostayupcrammingthenightbeforethebigtest.E.Considerturningoffyourphoneandanyotherelectronicdevices.F.Preparingforatestcanbegindays,weeks,andevenmonthsinadvance.G.Notetakinghelpsfocusyourattentiononwhatyou’rereadingorhearing.【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了提前做好心理和身体上的准备，把考试焦虑降到最低的一些方法。〖答案〗16.B17.G18.E19.A20.C【16题详析】前文“Everyonereactstothepressuresofanupcomingtestdifferently.(每个人对即将到来的考试压力的反应都不一样)”引出对考试压力的反应这一话题，后文“Whenyouknowyouhaveatestahead,prepareyourselfmentallyandphysicallywellinadvancetominimizetestanxiety.(当你知道你要考试的时候，提前做好心理和身体上的准备，把考试焦虑降到最低)”建议通过提前做好准备来降低考试焦虑，因此空处应该与对考试感到焦虑相关，B项“Butit’snormaltofeelabitnervousoranxious.(但感到有点紧张或焦虑是正常的)”符合语境，承上启下，其中的anxious和后文的anxiety呼应。故选B。【17题详析】后文“Ithelpsyouengagewithyourmaterial,anditgivesyousomethingelseforreferencewhenyoustudylater.Ifyournotesaredetailedenough,youcanreadoverthemtostudy.Youcanalsousethemtomakeflashcardsandotherstudyaids.(它可以帮助你理解你的材料，并为你以后学习提供一些参考。如果你的笔记足够详细，你可以通读一遍来学习。你也可以用它们来制作抽认卡和其他学习辅助工具)”主要介绍笔记的作用，空处位于段首，是段落主旨句，应该是总的点明做笔记的好处，G项“Notetakinghelpsfocusyourattentiononwhatyou’rereadingorhearing.(做笔记可以帮助你将注意力集中在所读或所听的内容上)”符合语境，契合段落内容，其中的notetaking是后文it指代的对象。故选G。【18题详析】前文“Makesuretheareahasgoodlightingsoyouaren’tstrainingyoureyes,andensureit’squietandfreefromdistractions.(确保这个地方有良好的照明，这样你就不会累到眼睛，并确保它是安静的，没有干扰)”给出学习环境的要求，需确保照明良好，以及安静不受打扰，空处应该与怎样确保安静不受打扰相关，E项“Considerturningoffyourphoneandanyotherelectronicdevices.(考虑关掉手机和其他电子设备)”符合语境，承接前文，其中的phoneandanyotherelectronicdevices和前文的distractions呼应。故选E。【19题详析】前文“Crammingcancausestressandanxiety.(填鸭式学习会导致压力和焦虑)”指出填鸭式学习的坏处，后文“Forexample,ifyouknowthetestisintwoweeks,dividethematerialinto10to14partsandspendasetamountoftimeeachdaytoreviewonepart.(例如，如果你知道考试是在两周内，把材料分成10到14个部分，每天花一定的时间复习一个部分)”给出考前每天学一点的具体例子，因此空处应该是建议每天学一点，A项“Instead,it’sbesttostudyalittlebiteachday.(相反，最好是每天学习一点)”符合语境，承上启下。故选A。【20题详析】前文“Trytokeepthegroupsmallsothateveryonehasachancetoengage.(尽量让小组成员少一些，这样每个人都有机会参与)”给出小组学习的第一点建议，保持小规模，后文“Andconsidermakingsomeonetheleaderofthegrouptohelpkeepeveryoneontrack.(并考虑让一个人担任团队的领导，以帮助每个人都走上正轨)”给出小组学习的另一点建议，确保有人担任领导，因此空处应该是小组学习的第二点建议，C项“Agreeonascheduleandlocationtomeeteachweek.(约定好每周见面的时间和地点)”符合语境，和前后两句是平行关系。故选C。第二部分语言运用（共两节，满分30分）第一节（共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分）阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。TheLadakhregion,thenorthernmostplateauofIndia,sitsmorethan3,000mabovesealevel.ThetallHimalayanmountainsstopthe____21____rainsfromcomingthere.SoLadakhhasusuallybeen____22____inthesunfor300daysperyear.Floodswere____23____unheardofbefore.However,floodshave____24____fourtimessince2010owingtoclimatechange.Adecadeandahalfago,theLadakhilandprovidedvillagerswitha____25____watersupply.Wintersnowmelted(融化)to____26____riversandprovidedwaterforagricultureinthespring.Butclimatechangehasseenaveragewinter____27____inLadakhirise.Thesnowmeltsfaster,____28____villagerswithlittleornowaterinthespring.Moreandmore____29____areleaving.Despitethat,thereis_____30_____forthisregion.In2019,engineerSonamWangchuk_____31_____unmeltediceunderabridge,shelteredfromthesun._____32_____,hehadanidea.Wangchukwantedtohelpvillagers_____33_____waterinwinterwhichcouldbesavedforuseinthespring.Freezingitintheshapeofacone(圆锥体)couldmaximizethevolumeoficepersurfaceareaexposedtothesunand_____34_____theamountoftimeitwouldtaketomelt.Theengineerandateamoflocalpeoplebeganlookingforthebestwayofcreatingconesofice.Eventually,theydidit.Nownamedicetowers,theyhavegained_____35_____allacrossLadakh.21.A.heavy B.cold C.daily D.annual22.A.lost B.bathed C.trapped D.hidden23.A.virtually B.eventually C.frequently D.accidentally24.A.decreased B.risen C.occurred D.escaped25.A.limited B.stable C.unique D.changeable26.A.slowdown B.cleanup C.divide D.feed27.A.temperatures B.snowfalls C.fogs D.rivers28.A.surrounding B.helping C.leaving D.equipping29.A.hikers B.farmers C.engineers D.businessmen30.A.doubt B.fear C.peace D.hope31.A.remembered B.searched C.noticed D.measured32.A.Then B.Besides C.However D.Instead33.A.carry B.produce C.freeze D.purify34.A.lengthen B.save C.display D.reduce35.A.fame B.strength C.victory D.popularity【语篇解读】这是一篇新闻报道。短文介绍了气候变化影响了拉达克地区的水供给以及解决的措施。〖答案〗21.D22.B23.A24.C25.B26.D27.A28.C29.B30.D31.C32.A33.C34.A35.D【21题详析】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：拉达克地区是印度最北端的高原，海拔3000多米。高耸的喜马拉雅山脉阻挡了每年的雨水。A.heavy重的；B.cold冷的；C.daily日常的；D.annual每年的。根据上文“ThetallHimalayanmountains”可知，高耸的喜马拉雅山脉阻挡了每年的雨水。故选D项。【22题详析】考查动词词义辨析。句意：因此，拉达克通常每年有300天沐浴在阳光下。A.lost丢失；B.bathed沐浴；C.trapped设陷阱；D.hidden隐藏。根据上文“hetallHimalayanmountainsstopthe________rainsfromcomingthere.”以及“inthesun”可知，拉达克通常每年有300天沐浴在阳光下。故选B项。【23题详析】考查副词词义辨析。句意：洪水事实上以前几乎闻所未闻。A.virtually事实上；B.eventually最终地；C.frequently频繁地；D.accidentally意外地。根据上文“SoLadakhhasusuallybeen_______inthesunfor300daysperyear.”可知，洪水事实上以前都没听说过。故选A项。【24题详析】考查动词词义辨析。句意：然而，自2010年以来，由于气候变化，洪水已经发生了四次。A.decreased减少；B.risen上升；C.occurred发生；D.escaped逃跑。根据上文“since2010owingtoclimatechange.”以及“fourtimes”可知，洪水已经发生了四次。故选C项。【25题详析】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：15年前，拉达克的土地为村民提供了稳定的供水。A.limited限制的；B.stable稳定的；C.unique独一无二的；D.changeable可改变的。根据下文“Wintersnowmelted（融化）to________riversandprovidedwaterforagricultureinthespring.”可知，15年前，拉达克的土地为村民提供了稳定的供水。故选B项。【26题详析】考查动词短语词义辨析。句意：冬天的雪融化后供给河流，并在春天为农业提供了水。A.slowdown放慢；B.cleanup清理；C.divide（使）分开；D.feed喂养，供给。根据下文“providedwaterforagricultureinthespring”可知，雪融化后供给河流。故选D项。【27题详析】考查名词词义辨析。句意：但气候变化导致拉达克冬季平均气温上升。A.temperatures温度；B.snowfalls降雪；C.fogs雾；D.rivers河流。根据下文“Thesnowmeltsfaster”可知，温度上升。故选A项。【28题详析】考查动词词义辨析。句意：雪融化得更快，使得村民们在春天几乎没有水。A.surrounding包围；B.helping帮助；C.leaving离开，使得；D.equipping装备。根据上文“Thesnowmeltsfaster”可知，温度上升，雪融化快，使得村民们在春天几乎没有水。故选C项。【29题详析】考查名词词义辨析。句意：越来越多的农民离开。A.hikers徒步者；B.farmers农民；C.engineers工程师；D.businessmen商人。根据上文“villagers”可知，农民离开了土地。故选B项。【30题详析】考查名词词义辨析。句意：尽管如此，这个地区还是有希望的。A.doubt怀疑；B.fear害怕；C.peace和平；D.hope希望。根据下文“In2019,engineerSonamWangchuk________unmeltediceunderabridge,shelteredfromthesun.______,hehadanidea.Wangchukwantedtohelpvillagers________waterinwinterwhichcouldbesavedforuseinthespring.”可知，还是有希望的。故选D项。【31题详析】考查动词词义辨析。句意：2019年，工程师索南·旺楚克(SonamWangchuk)注意到一座遮阳的桥下有未融化的冰。A.remembered记得；B.searched搜寻；C.noticed注意；D.measured测量。根据下文“unmeltediceunderabridge,shelteredfromthesun.”可知，这是注意到的事情。故选C项。【32题详析】考查副词词义辨析。句意：然后，他有了一个主意。A.Then然后；B.Besides此外；C.However然而；D.Instead而不是。先是注意到，然后是有了一个好主意。故选A项。【33题详析】考查动词词义辨析。句意：旺楚克想帮助村民们在冬天把水冻起来，以便在春天使用。A.carry携带；B.produce制造；C.freeze结冰；D.purify使（某物）洁净。根据下文“Freezing”可知，冬天能冻得住冰。故选C项。【34题详析】考查动词词义辨析。句意：将其冻结成锥形可以最大限度地增加暴露在阳光下的每个表面的冰量，并延长融化所需的时间。A.lengthen加长；B.save拯救；C.display展示；D.reduce减少。根据上文“maximizethevolumeoficepersurfaceareaexposedtothesun”可知，延长融化所需的时间。故选A项。【35题详析】考查名词词义辨析。句意：它们现在被命名为冰塔，在拉达克各地都很受欢迎。A.fame名誉；B.strength力气；C.victory胜利；D.popularity流行，普及。根据上文“Eventually,theydidit.可知，”冰塔解决了水供给问题，所以冰塔是很受的。故选D项。第二节（共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。VolhaHalpyarovich,fromBelarus,____36____(experience)thehealingpoweroftraditionalChinesemedicine(TCM)asachild.“WhenIcaughtacoldorhadacough,mymomusedtomakeacupping,atechniquethatinvolvesplacingcupsontheskin____37____(create)suction(吸力),”saidHalpyarovich.AftershemovedtoChinaover12yearsago,shebecameevenmorecrazyaboutChinesemedicine.Livinginacommunitywithadrugstore____38____Chinesetraditionalherbsandmedicineweresold,Halpyarovichmetanexperienceddoctor.Thewiseoldgentlemanbeganwithathoroughdiagnosis,checkingherpulse,examininghertongue,andobservinghereyes.Tohersurprise,heaccuratelypointedoutherhealthissues____39____talkingtoomuch.TCMviewsthebodyas____40____universeconnectedwithnature.Itfocusesonimprovingbloodcirculationandremovingblocks,____41____(lead)toenhancedwell-being.Afterfollowingthetreatment,Halpyarovichfelt____42____(good).ShebelievesthattraditionalChinesemedicineisnotonlyakindoftreatment,butit’salifestyle.Asmorepeopleseekharmonywithnatureandwithin____43____(they),HalpyarovichrecommendstraditionalChinesemedicine.“Ifindittobea