高考英语一轮复习讲义（课前基础导练+课堂互动探究+课后知能提升）Unit 2 Cloning 新人教版选修8

Unit2Cloning晨背三部曲（话题：计划与愿望）经典词汇1.attituden.态度2．ambitionn.雄心3．achievementn.成就；功绩4．opportunityn.机会；机遇5．challengen.挑战6．goaln.目标7．schedule/timetablen.时间表8．decide/determinev.决定；下决心9．intendv.想要；打算；计划10．arrangev.安排11．seekv.追求；寻求12．overcomev.战胜；克服13．completev.完成14．postponev.推迟15．possibleadj.可能的16.asfarasIknow据我所知17．setagoalforoneself为自己确定目标18．makethebest/mostof充分利用19．awasteoftime浪费时间20．getreadyfor为……做好准备21．feellikedoingsth.想要做某事22．inthenearfuture在不久的将来23．allthebest一切顺利24．make/keep/stickto/carryoutaplan制定/遵守/坚持/执行计划 热身体验连词成句1．such,arrangement,theday'sactivity(用倒装句式)Suchisthearrange­mentfortheday'sactivity.2．what,make,unique,it,beingheld,developingcountry,forthefirsttime(用主语从句和表语从句)What_makes_it_unique_is_that_it_is_being_held_in_a_developing_coun­try_for_the_first_time.3．speakof,volunteer,work,I,mainly,helpout,here(用现在分词短语作状语)Speaking_of_volunteer_work,_I'm_mainly_helping_out_here.Ⅰ.词海拾贝基础记忆1．straightforwardadj.简单的；直接的；坦率的2．breakthroughn.突破3．altogetheradv.总共；完全地4．obtainvt.获得；赢得5．attainvt.获得；到达(水平、年龄、状况等)6．accumulatevt.&vi7．owevt.欠(账、钱、人情等)；归功于……8．bothervt.打扰vi.操心n.烦扰9．vainadj.虚荣的；自负的；徒劳的10．resistvt.抵抗；对抗11．drawbackn.缺点；不利条件12．adorevt.崇拜；爱慕；喜爱13．differvi.不同；相异→differentadj.不同的；与众不同的→differencen．差异；不同14．undertakevt.着手；从事；承担→undertook(过去式)→undertaken(过去分词)15．castvt.扔；投；掷→cast/cast(过去式/过去分词)16．objectvi.反对；不赞成→objectionn．不赞成；反对；异议17．forbidvt.禁止；不准→forbade/forbad(过去式)→forbidden(过去分词)18．retirevi.退休；离开→retirementn．退休19．strikevi.&vt.&n．打；撞击；罢工→struck/struck语境记忆20．Greydecidedtomovetothecountrysideandhismothermadenoobjectiontoit,whilehisfatherobjectedtoit.(object)21．Fromtheappearance,wecannottellthedifferencesbetweenthetwins,thoughtheyalwayshavesomedifferentideas.(differ)篇章记忆Shortlyafterwards,themediapublishedaconservativeargumentobjectingtocloningowingtomoralproblems,andsuggestedtheconstitutionincludecompulsoryregulationstoforbidobtainingcommercialprofitsfromcloning.Ⅱ.短语互译1.得到好结果；取得成功；偿清pay_off2．反对object_to3．状况很好(坏)；情况很好(坏)in_good/poor_condition4．一定或注定(做)……(be)_bound_to_(do)_．..5．不时；偶尔from_time_to_time6．使复生；使复活bring_back_to_life7．castdown沮丧；不愉快8．strike...intoone'sheart使……刻骨铭心9．invain白费力气；枉费心机10．infavourof赞成；支持11．owe...to...把……归功于……12．haveagreatimpacton对……有很大影响Ⅲ.句型一览1.Thefact＋that同位语从句Thefactthat_she_seemed_to_develop_normally(看来它是在正常地成长着)wasveryencouraging.2．thenews＋that同位语从句Thencame_the_disturbing_news_that(传来令人沮丧的消息)Dollyhadbecomeseriouslyill.3．whether...or...引导的名词性从句However,scientistsstillwonderwhether_cloning_will_help_or_harm_us(克隆技术会帮助我们还是伤害我们)andwhereitisleadingus.4．疑问词＋插入语＋陈述语序What_do_you_think_is(你认为是什么)thewriter'spointofviewinthisreadingpassage?5．with的复合结构Diversityinagroupmeanshavinganimalswith_their_genes_arranged_in_different_ways(拥有排列方式不同的基因)．6．that引导的表语从句The_advantage_is_that(其优势是)ifthereisanewillnesssomeoftheseanimalsmaydie,butotherswillsurviveandpassontheabilitytoresistthatdiseasetothenextgeneration.Ⅳ.语法自测——同位语(从句)完成句子1．Thenewsthat_house_prices_will_fallhascausedmanypeopletoselltheirhousesatlowerprices.(fall)房价将要下跌的消息已经导致许多人以较低价将房子卖掉了。2．Theold­fashionedbeliefthat_women_should_stayathomeanddohouseholdchoreswhilemenpursuetheircareersshouldbechangednow.(stay)女人应该待在家里做家务而男人在外追求事业这一老观念现在应该改变。3．Thethoughtthat_they_can_cross_the_whole_continentwasveryexciting.(cross)他们横穿整个大陆的想法很令人兴奋。4．Morethan200millionpeopleinChinasufferhighbloodpressure,and70%ofthemareunawareofthefactthat_they_have_the_illness/disease.(have)中国有2亿多人患高血压，他们中70%不知道他们有这种病。5．Thereismuchdiscussionaboutthequestionhow_the_rising_food_prices_are_affectingordinarypeople.(affect)关于正在上涨的食品价格正在如何影响老百姓的问题有许多的讨论。1.undertake(undertook,undertaken)vt.着手；从事；承担；保证①Mostschoolsundertakeprogramsofgrouporindividualeducationalsupport.(·福建阅读E)多数学校承担着团体或个体教育扶持的项目。undertakeatask/responsibility承担任务/责任undertaketodosth.同意、答应或着手做某事undertakefor...为……负责undertakethat...保证……②Takeiteasy.I'llundertakeforyoursecurity.别着急，我将保证你的安全。③Icanundertakethatyouwillenjoythetrip.我保证你会喜欢这次旅行。【对点练习】用undertake的相关短语完成下列句子①我们应该承担过低碳生活的责任，这意义重大。Wearesupposedtoundertake_the_responsibilitytoleadalow­carbonlifestyle,whichisofgreatsignificance.②他答应在星期五以前完成那项工作。Heundertook_to_finishthejobbyFriday.2.objectvi.反对；不赞成n．物体；目标(1)objecttosb./sth.反对；不赞成某人/某事objecttodoingsth.反对做某事objectthat...反对……(2)objectionn.反对；厌恶raiseanobjectionto(doing)sth.对(做)……提出异议have/makean/noobjectionto(doing)sth.对(做)……表示反对/同意①Manypeopleobjecttoexperimentationonanimals.许多人反对用动物做实验。②Wearedeterminedtocarryouttheplanifyouhavenoobjection.如果你不反对，我们决心实施这项计划。【对点练习】一句多译他反对被人当孩子一样对待。①He_objects_to_being_treatedlikeachild.②Hehas/makes_an_objection_to_being_treatedlikeachild.3.forbid(forbade/forbad,forbidden)vt.禁止；不准①Pleasenotethatfoodandfruitareforbiddeninthelibrary,butyouareallowedtohavedrinksandsweetswithyou.(·天津阅读A)请注意食物和水果在图书馆中是被禁止的，但是随身携带饮料和糖果是被允许的。(1)forbidsb.todosth.禁止某人做某事forbiddoingsth.禁止做某事forbidthat...禁止……(从句中常用should＋动词原形)(2)forbidsb.sth.禁止某人某事forbidsb.fromdoing禁止某人做……(3)It'sforbiddentodosth.做某事是禁止的②Thelawforbidssmokinginpublicbuildings.法律禁止在公共场所吸烟。③Heforbadehischildrensweetsbecausehedidn'twanttheirteethtoberuined.他不许孩子们吃糖，因为他不想让他们的牙齿受损。【联想发散】根据提示写出和forbid一样能用于下列结构的单词。eq\x(宾语＋todosth.)eq\x(doing)①allow允许②advise建议③admit承认④permit许可⑤encourage鼓励【对点练习】句型转换①Theheavyrainforbadeustogoout,sowehadtostayathomeaimlessly.(改为独立主格结构)→Theheavyrainforbiddingustogoout,_wehadtostayathomeaimlessly.②Wewereforbiddenfromgoingout,sowehadtostayathomeaimlessly.(改为分词作状语)→Forbiddenfromgoingout,_wehadtostayathomeaimlessly.4.owevt.欠(账、钱、人情等)；归功于……；应感谢(1)owesb.afavo(u)r欠某人一个人情owesb.anapology该向某人道歉owesb.sth.＝owesth.tosb.欠某人某物(2)owe...to...把……归功于……oweittosb.that...多亏某人……(3)owingto...因为；由于①Thanksforstickingupforme,Ioweyouafavour.谢谢你支持我，我欠你一个人情。②IoweittothedoctorthatIamstillalive.我仍然活着，这要归功于那位医生。③Owingtotherain,thematchwascancelled.比赛因下雨取消了。【对点练习】完成句子①Iowe_you_an_apologyforhavingbeensorudetoyoulastnight.(owe)昨晚我太粗暴了，应该向你道歉。②Thewell­knownscientistalwayssaysthatheowes_all_his_success_tothesupportofhisfamily.(owe)这位著名的科学家常说他的成功归功于家人的支持。5.bothervt.打扰vi.操心n．烦扰；令人烦恼的事或人(1)bothersb.with/aboutsth.为某事打扰或麻烦某人botherabout/withsth.为某事烦恼bothertodosth.特意/操心做某事Itbotherssb.that/todosth.使某人苦恼的是(2)putsb.tobother给某人添乱/让某人心烦①Inthiskindofhigh­pressuresituation,manyleadersbothertheirassistantswithfrequentmeetings.(·江苏任务型阅读改编)在这种重压下，很多领导人频繁开会，从而让员工感到厌烦。②Hehasnotimetobotherwithtrifles.他没有时间去烦扰这些琐事。【关键一点】bother作“麻烦”“困难”讲时，是不可数名词；作“令人烦恼的事物”“讨厌的人”讲时，是单数可数名词。【语境串记】Heisreallyabother,forheisalwaysputtingotherstobother.他确实是个极为讨厌的人，总是给别人添堵。【对点练习】一句多译一直没有对他讲真话，这让我很苦恼。①It_bothers_me_not_tohavetoldhimthetruth.②It_bothers_me_thatIhaven'ttoldhimthetruth.③Nothavingtoldhimthetruthputs_me_to_bother.6.payoff得到好结果；取得成功；偿清①Ourdeterminationandpatiencepaidoffwithabreakthrough—wegotfullmarksintheexam.我们的决心和耐心有了突破性的结果，在考试中我们得了满分。paysb.forsth.付钱给某人作为……的费用payforsth.为……付费/吃苦头/受惩罚payback还钱；报复payapricefor...为……付出代价②Youcanpaybacktheloanoveraperiodofthreeyears.你可以在三年内还清贷款。③Lossofhealthistoohighapricetopayforsuccess.为了成功而搞垮身体，代价太高了。【对点练习】介、副词填空①Canyoulendme￡10andI'llpayyoubackonFriday?②You'llhavetopayforyourcarelessness.③TheeffortsmadebyAdrianandhisparentspaidoff.【真题印证】④(·安徽高考)Theathlete'syearsofhardtraining________whenshefinallywontheOlympicgoldmedal.A．wentonB．gotthroughC．paidoffD．endedup解析：选C考查动词短语辨析。句意：当这名运动员最终获得奥运会金牌时，她多年的刻苦训练总算得到了回报。goon“继续下去”；getthrough“完成；处理”；payoff“取得成功；奏效”；endup“最终处于……”。7.infavourof赞成；支持(1)insb.'sfavour对某人有利的infavour赞同的；流行的；得宠的outoffavour不流行的；失宠的eq\b\lc\\rc\}(\a\vs4\al\co1(2dosb.afavour,doafavourforsb.))帮某人的忙eq\b\lc\\rc\}(\a\vs4\al\co1(dosb.thefavourtodosth.,dosb.afavourbydoingsth.))帮忙做某事(3)favourableadj.喜爱的；赞同的①I'mallinfavourofpeopledoingwhatevertheywantaslongastheydon'tbotheranyoneelse.我完全支持人们做他们想做的事情，只要他们不妨碍别人。②Hedidheragreatfavourbygivinghersomevaluablesuggestionsonheressay.他对她的文章提了一些很有价值的建议，帮了她一个大忙。【联想发散】常见的“in＋名词＋of”的短语还有：①inmemoryof...为了纪念……②inhonorof...为了……向……表示尊敬③incaseof以防；万一④insearchof寻找⑤inchargeof负责；管理⑥inplaceof代替⑦inneedof需要【对点练习】用favour的相关短语完成句子①Thedecisionwentin_his_favour(对他有利).②Thebookisin_favour(流行)andsellswell.③I'mafraidI'mout_of_favour(不受欢迎的)atthemoment.④Mysisterwasagainstmysuggestionwhilemybrotherwasin_favour_of(赞成)it.8.ingood/poorcondition状况很好/坏；情况很好/坏outofcondition健康状况欠佳working/living/studyingconditions工作/生活/学习环境onconditionthat...在……条件下；倘若……onnocondition一点也不；决不(位于句首时，用部分倒装语序)①Thecarhasbeenwellmaintainedandisingoodcondition.这辆车一直保养得很好，车况极佳。②Havingbeenoutofconditionforseveralweeks,hedecidedtotravel.由于几周来健康状况不佳，他决定去旅游。【对点练习】句型转换①Youshouldtellhimwhathashappenedonnocondition.(改为倒装句)→Onnoconditionshouldyoutellhimwhathashappened.②Theyagreedtolendusthecaraslongaswereturneditbeforetheweekend.(同义句转换)→Theyagreedtolendusthecaronconditionthatwereturneditbeforetheweekend.eq\o(\s\up7(),\s\do5(9.differ/strike/resist/beboundtodo...))①differvi.不同；相异differfrom...＝bedifferentfrom...与……不同differin...在……方面不同②strikevi.&vt.打；撞击；罢工；袭击；报时；划(火柴)n.罢工Itstrikessb.that...某人突然意识到bestruckby...被……打动；深受感动③resistvt.抵抗；对抗；抗拒；抵制；忍住resist(doing)sth.抵制(做)某事can't/couldn'tresistdoingsth./can'thelpdoingsth.忍不住做某事④(be)boundto(do)...一定或注定(做)……；有责任或义务(做)……【对点练习】结合上述词汇完成下列句子①她眼睛的颜色与姐姐的不同。Shediffers_from/is_different_fromhersisterinthecolourofhereyes.②我突然想到，我们应该制订一个新的方案。It_suddenly_struck_me_thatweoughttomakeanewplan.③假期一开始，我就忍不住上网聊天。I_couldn't_resist_chatting_onlineatthebeginningofmyvacation.④如果你学习更多实用句型，你肯定能成功。You_are_bound_to_succeedifyoulearnmoreusefulsentencepatterns.1.Thefactthat__she_seemed_to_develop_normallywasveryencouraging.看来多莉是在正常地成长着，这很令人鼓舞。【句型透视】此句中that引导的从句为同位语从句，对fact进行解释说明，that仅起连接词的作用，无意义且不能省略。(1)常见的后接同位语从句的抽象名词有fact,request,news,hope,truth,idea,suggestion,thought,question,order,problem,belief,fear,possibility等。Weshouldconsiderthestudents'requestthattheschoollibraryprovidemorebooksonpopularscience.我们应该考虑学生的这个要求，即学校图书馆应该多提供一些大众科学方面的书籍。(2)同位语从句中表示“是否”时用whether而不用if。Thequestionwhetherweshouldcontinuetodotheexperimenthasnotbeenansweredyet.我们是否该继续实验的问题还没有得到解决。(3)特殊疑问词也可以引导同位语从句，注意从句用陈述句语序。Ihavenoideawherethenewlibrarywillbebuilt.我不知道新图书馆将要建在哪里。【个性比较】that引导定语从句和同位语从句定语从句that一方面起引导从句的作用，另一方面在定语从句中充当主语、宾语、表语，作宾语时可以省略同位语从句that仅起连接词的作用，对前面的名词进行解释说明，无意义且不能省略【对点练习】完成句子①Thenews(that)_he_told_uswasnottrue.(tell)他告诉我们的消息不是真的。②Thenewsthat_our_football_team_had_won_the_matchwasencouraging.(win)我们足球队赢了比赛的消息令人鼓舞。2.The_advantage_is_thatifthereisanewillnesssomeoftheseanimalsmaydie,butotherswillsurviveandpassontheabilitytoresistthatdiseasetothenextgeneration.其优势在于如果出现了某种新的疾病，这类动物中的一些可能会死去，另外一些却能存活下来，并把抵抗那种疾病的能力传给下一代。【句型透视】(1)Theadvantageisthat...“优势是……”，此处that引导表语从句。Theadvantageisthatsmilingcannotonlymakeushappy,butalsopleaseothers.其优势在于微笑不仅仅让我们高兴，还能取悦别人。(2)类似的其他句型还有：Theadvantage/strengthof...isthat...……的优势是……Thedisadvantageof...isthat...……的不足是……Thedrawbackof...isthat...……的缺点是……Theproblemof...isthat...……的问题是……Theadvantageofusingyouruniversityaccommodationisthatyoucangetsupportifyouhaveaproblem.(·浙江阅读B)2-1-c-n-j-y在你所就读的大学里住宿的优势在于如果你有问题可以得到帮助。Thedrawbackofthepopularityofcarsisthatitbringsaboutsomuchairpollution.汽车普及的缺点是它带来了严重的空气污染。【对点练习】完成句子①The_problem_of_the_table_is_thatit'stoobigforourroom.(be)这张桌子的问题是放在我们屋子里太大了。②Onemajordisadvantage_of__the_area_is_thatthereisnopublictransport.(be)这个地区的一大不便之处就是缺少公共交通工具。Ⅰ.单词拼写1．Thescientistsarestrugglingforabreakthrough(突破)incancerresearch.2．Ordinarypeoplewouldthenbeabletousethemtoobtain(获得)valuableinformation.3．Themoviedirectedbyhimwasagreatcommercial(商业的)success.4．Sheisoverweight,butshecan'tresist(抵抗)eatingmoredeliciousfood.5．Theadvantage(优点)ofcyclingtoworkisthatwecanlivealow­carbonlife.6．Theexact(确切的)dateoftheeventhasescapedme.7．Inordertoforbid_(禁止)thetechnique,theytakesomepracticalmeasures.8．Therearesomeconfusionaboutwhatthecorrectprocedure_(步骤)shouldbe.9．Thechoiceofplayersfortheteamseemedcompletelyarbitrary(随意的)．10．AT­shirtcanbeanexcellentmedium(媒介)forgettingyourmessageacross.Ⅱ.选词填空feelcastdown,infavorof,differgreatlyin,onassumptionthat,botherto,beboundto,payoff1．Peoplediffer_greatly_incloningtechnique.2．Somepeoplearein_favor_ofthedevelopmentofcloningtechnique.3．Theybelieveitwillbe_bound_tobenefitus.4．Othersfeel_cast_downtofindthatitcouldraiseastormofmoralquestions.5．Thescientistsdon'tbother_tolistasmanydisadvantagesaspossible.6．Wehaveastrongbeliefthatcloningwillpay_off_.7．Cloningwillpayoffon_assumption_thatallundertaketouseitproperly.Ⅲ.根据汉语提示，选用练习Ⅰ、Ⅱ中的句子，加入适当过渡词后联句成篇1．人们在克隆技术上分歧相当大。2．一些人支持它的发展。3．他们认为这项技术一定会有利于我们。4．另外一些人发现克隆能引起一系列的道德问题。5．他们感到很沮丧。6．为了禁止这项技术，他们不厌其烦地列举尽可能多的缺点。7．在我看来，只要所有的人都答应合理应用，克隆将会取得成功。Peoplediffergreatlyincloningtechnique.Somepeopleareinfavorofitsdevelopment,fortheybelieveitwillbeboundtobenefitus.Onthecontrary,othersfeelcastdowntofindthatitcouldraiseastormofmoralquestions.Inordertoforbidthetechnique,theydon'tbothertolistasmanydisadvantagesaspossible.However,inmyopinion,cloningwillpayoffonassumptionthatallundertaketouseitproperly.Ⅰ.多项选择1．Iknowthisisnotquitetherightword,butIcan'tbe________tothinkofabetterone.A．disturbedB．botheredC．troubledD．worried解析：选Bdisturb常指精神上的混乱；bother“费心；麻烦”；trouble“麻烦(别人)”；worry“焦躁不安”。can'tbebotheredtodo“嫌麻烦而不做……”。2．I________adebtofgratitudetohisfamily,soI'lldomybesttohelpthemwhenevertheyareintrouble.A．borrowB．lendC．oweD．give解析：选Cowe“欠(账、钱、人情等)；归功于……”，符合句意。borrow“借入”；lend“借出”；give“给予”。3．(·襄阳调研)Inmakingascientificexperiment,oneshouldnotbe________bytemporarysetbacksbutshouldpersistindoingithopefully.A．castdownB．putawayC．takeninD．givenout解析：选A句意：在做科学实验时，一个人不应由于暂时的挫折而沮丧，而应满怀希望地坚持做下去。A项意为“使沮丧；使不愉快”；B项意为“放好；存储”；C项意为“理解；欺骗”；D项意为“分发；公布”。根据语意可知，答案选A。4．Idevotedmostofthetimetomystudy,believingthathardworkwould________soonerorlater.A．takeoffB．cutoffC．putoffD．payoff解析：选Dpayoff“取得成功；得到好结果”，符合句意。takeoff“(飞机)起飞”；cutoff“切断；断绝”；putoff“推迟”。5．(·荆州质检)TheTVshowfirstairedintheUKinandrantill,enjoyinghuge________innotjustUKbutacrossthewholeworld.A．advantageB．complimentC．consequenceD．popularity解析：选D句意：这档电视节目自从年在英国第一次播放到年这段时间里，受到了英国甚至全世界观众的欢迎(popularity)。advantage“优势；利益”；compliment“恭维；致意”；consequence“结果；重要性”。根据语境可知，答案选D。6．(·武昌区调研)Her________toSalesManagertookeveryonebysurprise,becauseshewasjustafreshclerkinthecompany,workinghereonlyforonemonth.A．adaptationB．promotionC．devotionD．objection解析：选B句意：她被提升为销售部经理使每个人都大为吃惊，因为她不过是刚到公司来工作只有一个月的新职员而已。adaptation“改编；改写；适应”；promotion“提升；晋级；促销”；devotion“热爱；奉献；忠诚”；objection“反对；异议”。7．Ihavenoideaofwhatisinfashionnowadays,somychoicemightbequite________.A．abundantB．arbitraryC．ambitiousD．aggressive解析：选Babundant“丰富的”；arbitrary“任意的；武断的”；considerate“体贴的；体谅的”；aggressive“好斗的”。由语境可知，“我”不知道当今的流行元素是什么，因此“我”的选择也许是很随意的。故B项正确。8．(·武汉高中毕业生供题)Ashortmanappearedsuddenlyinthedoorway,andDavehadtopullup________soastoavoidbumpingintohim.A．merelyB．sharplyC．shortlyD．desperately解析：选B句意：一个矮个子的人突然出现在门口，Dave只得迅速停下来，以免撞上他。merely“仅仅；只不过”；sharply“迅疾而突然地；严厉地”；shortly“不久；立刻；马上”；desperately“不顾一切地；拼命地”。9．Thefirsttimehemetthegirlhewas________byherwisdomandfellinlovewithher.A．hitB．hurtC．struckD．beaten解析：选C考查动词词义辨析。句意：他第一次见到她时，就被她的才智所打动，并爱上了她。strike“打动”，符合句意。10．Alltheirattemptstorescuetheoldwomanfromtheburningbuildingwere________.Shediedsoonafterwards.A．invainB．inreturnC．inplaceD．inorder解析：选Ainvain“白费力气；枉费心机”，符合句意。inreturn“回报；作为报答”；inplace“在适当的位置”；inorder“整齐；秩序井然”。Ⅱ.完成句子1．(·荆州质检)TheCEOfromthebigcompanybelievedthatitwasthenewcomers'abilitythat_made_a_difference,_nottheuniversitytheygraduatedfrom.(difference)这家大公司的首席执行官认为，真正重要的是新员工的能力，而不是他们毕业于什么大学。2．Nowadaysyoungpeoplejustcan'tlivewithouttheInternet;theydependonitforwhatever_information_they_need.(need)现在的年轻人离开网络就无法生活，不管他们需要什么信息他们都会通过互联网来获取。3．FromhiswordsIcouldseethatseldomdid_he_set_asidesometimetocommunicatewithhischildren.(set)从他的话中我可以看出，他很少抽出时间跟自己的孩子交谈。4．Danbyleftawordwithmysecretarythat_he_objected_tohumanbeingscloning.(object)Danby留言给我的秘书说，他反对克隆人。5．HowIwishmyfriendswould_have_an_idea_ofwhatI'vebeengoingthroughrecently.(idea)我真希望我的朋友们能理解我最近所处的困境。6．What_bothers_me_mostisthatheseemstotakenointerestinhisschoolwork.(bother)最使我伤脑筋的是，他似乎对自己的功课毫无兴趣。7．Nowadaysmoreandmoreteenagerscan_not_resist_becoming/being_addicted_toonlinegames.(resist)如今越来越多的青少年无法抵制地迷恋网络游戏。8．Withmore_and_more_wealth_accumulated,_hebecomestherichestpersoninourregion.(accumulate)随着财富越积越多，他成了我们这个地区的首富。9．As_is_well_known,_everyoneisforbiddentosmokeinbuses,regardlessofwhattheyare.(as)众所周知，无论是谁，在公共汽车上都是禁止吸烟的。10．Ican'timaginethereshould_be_a_shortage_of_waterinYunnan,thesouthwestofChinawherethereusedtobeadequaterain.(shortage)我很难想象中国西南地区的云南竟然会缺水，那个地方原来雨水很充足。Ⅲ.阅读理解A(·龙岩质检)ScientistsatHarvardUniversityandBatesCollegefindfemalechimpanzees(黑猩猩)appeartotreatsticksasdolls,carryingthemarounduntiltheyhavechildrenoftheirown.Youngmalesengageinsuchbehaviormuchlessfrequently.ThenewworkbySonyaM.KahlenbergandRichardW.Wrangham,describedthisweekinthejournalCurrentBiology,providesthefirstevidenceofawildnon­humanspeciesplayingwithdolls,aswellasthefirstknownsexdifferenceinawildanimal'schoiceofplaythings.Thetworesearcherssaytheirworkaddstoagrowingbodyofevidencethathumanchildrenareprobablybornwiththeirownideasofhowtheywanttobehave,ratherthansimplymirroringothergirlswhoplaywithdollsandboyswhoplaywithtrucks.Dollplayamonghumanscouldhaveitsoriginsinobject­carryingbyearlierapes(猿类),theysay,suggestingthattoyselectionisprobablynotdueentirelytosocialization.“Inhumans,thereareobvioussexdifferencesinchildren'stoyplay,andtheseareremarkablysimilaracrosscultures，”saysKahlenberg.“Whilesocializationbyeldersandpeershasbeentheprimaryexplanation,ourworksuggeststhatbiologymayalsohaveanimportantroletoplayinactivitypreferences.”In14yearsofdataonchimpanzeebehaviorattheKibaleNationalParkinUganda，KahlenbergandWranghamcountedmorethan100examplesofstick­carrying.Someyoungchimpanzeescarriedsticksintothenesttosleepwiththemandononeoccasionbuiltaseparatenestforthestick.“Wehaveseenjuvenilesoccasionallycarryingsticksformanyyears,andbecausetheysometimestreatedthemratherlikedolls,wewantedtoknowifingeneralthisbehaviortendedtorepresentsomethinglikeplayingwithdolls，”saysWrangham,aProfessoratHarvard.“Ifthedollhypothesis(假设)wasright,wethoughtthatfemalesshouldcarrysticksmorethanmalesdo,andthatthechimpanzeesshouldstopcarryingstickswhentheyhadtheirfirstchild.Wehavenowwatchedenoughyoungchimpanzeestoprovebothpoints.”1．Whatdoesafemalechimpanzeedowithsticks?A．Shegivesthemtoherchildtoplaywith.B．Shetreatsthemasweapons.C．Shetreatsthemasdolls.D．Shemakesusefultoolsfromthem.解析：选C细节理解题。根据第一段第一句可知，雌性黑猩猩会把棍子当作自己的玩偶。故选C项。2．Whatcausesthedifferenttoyselectionofchimpanzees,accordingtothepassage?A．Socialization.B．Sexdifference.C．Environment.D．Culturaldifference.解析：选B细节理解题。根据第二段中的“aswellasthefirstknownsexdifference...playthings.”可知，性别差异是导致黑猩猩玩具选择差异的主要原因。故选B项。3．Wecaninferfromthefourthparagraphthat________.A．socializationhasnothingtodowithhuman'schoiceofplaythingsB．thebiologyfactormayalsoinfluencetoychoiceC．sexdifferenceistheonlyfactorinhuman'schoiceofplaythingsD．peoplechoosedifferenttoysindifferentcultures解析：选B推理判断题。根据第四段倒数第一句“ourworksuggeststhatbiologymayalsohaveanimportantroletoplayinactivitypreferences.”可知，这两位科学家的研究表明：生物学因素也可能影响黑猩猩对玩具的偏好。A项与原文中的“Whilesocializationbyeldersandpeershasbeentheprimaryexplanation”不符，故排除；C项过于绝对，D项文中未涉及。故选B项。4．Itcanbeconcludedfromthepassagethat________.A．chimpanzeesusuallychooseplaythingsfortheirchildrenB．differentfactorscausehumansandchimpanzeestochoosedifferentplaythingsC．onlyfemalechimpanzeeshaveplaythingsD．bothhumansandchimpanzeeschoosetheirplaythingsduetosexdifference解析：选D推理判断题。综合文章内容可知，无论是人类还是黑猩猩，性别是导致玩具选择差异的重要原因。故选D项。B(·辽宁五校联考)Rockwatch—TheBestClubonEarthIfyouareyoungandinterestedingeology(地质学),thenRockwatchistheclubforyou.Whenyouapplyformembership,you'llreceiveaRockwatchRoxfileeach.Ithastheinformationandtoptipsyouwillneedtostartenjoyinggeology.It'sdesignedtoserveasyourownfieldnotebookaswell.Inityouwillfindyour●membershipcard●full­colourminimap●thumbsupguide●factcardsRockwatchMagazineOurlivelymagazineismailedtomembersthreetimesayear.Theycanreadreportsandnewsfromaroundtheworld,andarticlesoneverythingfromdiamondstodinosaurs,earthquakestoerosion(侵蚀)．RockwatchEventsWitheachmagazineyouwillreceiveaRockwatcheventscalendar.Rockyactivitiessuitableforfamiliesarelistedandincluderoadshowsandguidedwalks.TheRockwatchRockArtistAreyouanartist,oraphotographer?ThisisyourchancetobecomeRockwatchRockArtistofayearandwinamazingprizesinourannualcompetition.SpecialOfferRockwatchmemberscanhavespeciallydiscountedWildlifeWatchmembership.WildlifeWatchisthebiggestenvironmentalactionclubforyoungpeople,with100groupsacrossthecountry.Youcanjoinbothclubstogetherbyfillingintheboxesinthemembershipform.eq\x(语篇解读：本文主要介绍了Rockwatch俱乐部的一些情况。)5．ThemagazineRockwatchmailstoitsmembersandtellsaboutthingsrelatedto________.A．geologyB．agricultureC．politicsD．economics解析：选A推理判断题。根据文章的第一句可知，Rockwatch是以地质学为主题的俱乐部，由RockwatchMagazine下面的“articlesoneverythingfromdiamondstodinosaurs,earthquakestoerosion(侵蚀)”可推知，Rockwatch俱乐部邮寄的杂志是关于地质学的。6．WhatactivitiesarespeciallyarrangedforRockwatchmembersinterestedinphotography?A．Guidedwalks.B．Rockyactivities.C．Yearlycompetitions.D．Academicworkshops.解析：选C细节理解题。根据倒数第二段的内容可知，如果你是一名艺术家或摄影师，可以参加一年一度的比赛，获得大奖。7．WhenapplyingforWildlifeWatchmembership,aRockwatchmembercanenjoy________.A．freemembershipB．aspecialdiscountC．aRockArtistprizeD．guidedroadshows解析：选B细节理解题。根据最后一段的第一句“RockwatchmemberscanhavespeciallydiscountedWildlifeWatchmembership.”可知，申请WildlifeWatchmembership时，Rockwatchmembers可以享受特别折扣。8．YoumayjoinbothRockwatchandWildlifeWatchclubsby________.A．callingthetwoclubsB．providingreferencesC．applyingseparatelyD．fillinginoneform解析：选D推理判断题。根据文章的最后一句“Youcanjoinbothclubstogetherbyfillingintheboxesinthemembershipform.”可推知，你可以填一张申请表，同时加入两个俱乐部。写作技能提升(七)热点话题集锦1．写作话题：Frustrationandfailure提示语：Ifthereisanysinglefactorthatmakesforsuccessinourlife，itistheabilitytoprofitfromfrustration.素材：Don'tconfusefrustrationwithfailure.Ifso,youaredoomed(注定)tofail.Itisn'tfrustrationthatmakesyoufail.Infact,youshouldseeinittheguideandencouragementforsuccess.2．写作话题：Volunteerandhappiness提示语：Itistruethatsomeofthehappiestpeopleintheworldarethosewhohelptobringhappinesstoothers.素材：Eachnationhasmanypeoplewhohelptotakecareofothers.Forexample,somehighschoolandcollegestudentsintheU．S.A.oftenspendmanyhoursasvolunteersinthehospitals,orphanagesorresthomes.3．写作话题：Friendship提示语：Ifyouareintrouble,realfriendswillsurroundyouandremovethebarriersforyou.素材：WeadmirethegreatfriendshipbetweenMarxandEngel,whichfirmlycombinedthemandpushedthemforwardontheroadtoexploringandfulfillingCommunism.4．写作话题：Dreamandreality提示语：Everyonehasdreams.However,mostofthedreamscan'tbeachieved.素材：Somepeoplewanttoberich,dreamingofbecomingmillionairesovernight.Otherswanttobefamous,dreamingofsuddenlyjumpingtogreatfame.However,IknewverywellthatIcouldnotsucceedwithoutpainstakingefforts.5．写作话题：Importantchangesinlife提示语：Somethingbadturnsouttobeagreatgain.素材：Sometimesthingshappentoyouthatmayseemhorrible,painful,andunfairatfirst,butuponreflectionyoufindthatwithoutovercomingthoseobstaclesyouwouldneverhaverealizedyourpotentialandstrength.6．写作话题：Dependenceandindependence提示语：Dependingonyourselfiswhatnaturesaystoeveryman.素材：Asamandevelops,hegetshelpfromotherscontinuously.Parentscanhelpyou.Teacherscanhelpyou.Othersstillcanhelpyou.Butallthesepeopleonlyhelpyoutohelpyourself.7．写作话题：Mistakesandprogress提示语：Mistakesanderrorsarethedisciplinethroughwhichweadvanceinlife.素材：Mistakesaregreatteachers.Successcomestothosewhoarewillingtoriskmakingmistakesinthepursuitoftheirgoalsandaspirations,andwhoareabletolearnfromthosemistakes.Mistakesarelessonsofwisdom.Thepastcannotbechanged.Thepresentisyetinyourpowerandtakefulladvantageofitinachievingyourgoals.8．写作话题：Failureandlearning提示语：Failureisneverpleasurable.Ithurtsgrown­upsandchildrenexactlyalike.Butitcanmakeapositivecontributiontoyourlifeonceyoulearntouseit.素材：Failuresareapartofourlives.Everyfailureisasteppingstonetosuccess.Failureteachesusalot.Itguidesandinspiresustoputinmoreefforts.9．写作话题：Thevalueofreadingbooks提示语：Booksareourfriends.Booksareourteachers.素材：Peopleoftensaythatgolda