韩国性别平等情况分析报告-外文版培训课件

POLITICS

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SOCIETYGenderequalityinSouthKoreaCHAPTER

01OverviewTheglobalgendergapindex2023Theglobalgendergapindex2023Indexscore0.40.00.10.20.30.50.60.70.80.91.0IcelandNorwayFinland0.910.870.860.85NewZealandSweden0.810.810.81GermanyNicaraguaNamibiaLithuaniaBelgiumIreland0.80.80.790.790.790.79RwandaLatvia4Description:Theglobalgendergapindexbenchmarksnationalgendergapsoneconomic,political,education,andhealth-basedcriteria.In2023,thecountryofferingmostgenderequalconditionswasIcelandwithascoreof0.91.Overall,theNordiccountriesmakeupfourofthefivemostgenderequalcountriesintheworld.TheNordiccountriesareknownfortheirhighlevelsofgenderequality,includinghighfemaleemploymentratesandandevenlydividedparentalleave.

ReadmoreNote(s):Worldwide;2023Source(s):WorldEconomicForumGenderpaygapinOECDcountriesasof2021GenderpaygapinOECDcountries2021Percentagedifference0%5%10%15%20%25%30%35%KoreaRepublicIsrael**31.06%24.32%Latvia23.95%JapanCyprusEstonia22.11%21.13%20.43%UnitedStatesUSA17.65%16.86%16.11%15.98%15.05%CanadaFinland*FranceUnitedKingdomGermany*14.35%14.2%5Description:Asof2021,BelgiumisthecountrywiththemostequalpaybetweenthegendersofOECDcountries.Thegenderpaygapwasat1.17percent.SouthKorea,ontheotherhand,isthecountrywiththehighestgenderpaygapoftheOECDcountrieswitha31percentdifferencebetweenthegenders.Thegenderpaygapdisplaysthedifferencebetweenmedianwagesoffull-timeemployedmenandfull-timeemployedwomen.

ReadmoreNote(s):Worldwide,OECD;2021;Full-timeemployeesSource(s):OECDGendergapindexinSouthKoreafrom2016to2023GendergapindexinSouthKorea2016-20230.690.690.680.670.660.650.6520162017201820202021202220236/statistics/1378362/south-korea-gender-gap-indexIn2023,thegendergapindexscoreinSouthKoreastoodat0.68points,showingthatanaveragegendergapofapproximately32percentremainedinthecountry.SouthKorearanked105thoutof146countriessurveyedbythegendergapindex.

ReadmoreNote(s):2016to2023;1=equality;0=inequalitySource(s):WorldEconomicForumGendergapindexinSouthKoreain2023,bycategoryGendergapindexinSouthKorea2023,bycategory0.980.980.680.60.17OverallscoreEconomicparticipationandopportunityEducationalattainmentHealthandsurvivalPoliticalempowerment7Description:In2023,thegendergapindexscoreforeducationalattainmentandhealth/survivalinSouthKoreawasaround0.98pointseach.Politicalempowermentstoodatabout0.17pointswhichwassignificantlowcomparedtoothercategories.Thatyear,theoverallgendergapindexscoreinSouthKoreawasabout0.68points,makingthecountryranked105outof146nationscoveredbytheglobalgendergapindex.

ReadmoreNote(s):2023;1=equality;0=inequalitySource(s):WorldEconomicForumCHAPTER

02EducationAveragelengthofeducationinSouthKoreafrom1980to2020,bygender(inyears)LengthofeducationinSouthKorea1980-2020,bygenderAverageMaleFemale1413.112.812.512.412.112.11211.611.51211.411.211.210.910.610.510.510.39.89.79.51089.48.78.68.67.67.66.664201980198519901995200020052010201520209Description:In2020,theaveragelengthofeducationinSouthKoreawas12.5years.Onaverage,thelengthofeducationformaleswashigherthanthatoffemalesinSouthKorea,althoughthegapwasdecreasingastheyearspassed.

ReadmoreNote(s):SouthKorea;1980to2020Source(s):StatisticsKoreaNumberofstudentsenrolledinhighschoolsinSouthKoreafrom2013to2022,bygender(in1,000s)HighschoolenrollmentSouthKorea2013-2022,bygenderMalestudentsFemalestudents1,200992.59960.53878.841,0008006004002000932.22856.05915.95900.71871.99836.51804.81733.77

737.23797.71698.08639.23673.8675.61624.36654.62607.73201320142015201620172018201920202021202210Description:In2022,therewereabout655thousandmalestudentsand608thousandfemalestudentsenrolledinhighschoolsinSouthKorea.ThetotalnumberofhighschoolstudentsinSouthKoreahasdeclinedsteadilyoverthepasttenyears.

ReadmoreNote(s):SouthKorea;2013to2022Source(s):KoreanEducationalDevelopmentInstitute;KOSISNumberofstudentsenrolledatuniversitiesinSouthKoreafrom2013to2023,bygender(in1,000s)NumberofuniversitystudentsSouthKorea2013-2023,bygenderMalestudentsFemalestudents1,4001,2001,00080060040020002013201420152016201720182019202020212022202311Description:In2023,about1.06millionmalestudentsandabout796,000femalestudentswereenrolledinuniversitiesinSouthKorea.Intotal,therewerearound1.9millionuniversitystudentsthatyear.ReadmoreNote(s):SouthKorea;2013to2023Source(s):KoreanEducationalDevelopmentInstituteNumberofenrolledgraduatestudentsinSouthKoreafrom2013to2022,bygender(in1,000s)NumberofgraduatestudentsSouthKorea2013-2022,bygenderMalestudentsFemalestudents200175.09158.8218016014012010080170.87158.95170.98159.89171.1169.59163.18

164.31168.98158.43164.15156.44162.37162.01160.84161.39161.38157.866040200201320142015201620172018201920202021202212Description:In2022,about159thousandmaleand175thousandfemalestudentswereenrolledingraduateschoolsinSouthKorea.WhiletheoverallnumberofstudentsinSouthKoreahasdeclinedsteadilyoverthepasttenyears,thenumberoffemalegraduatestudentspeakedatitshighestvalueyet.ReadmoreNote(s):SouthKorea;2013to2022Source(s):KoreanEducationalDevelopmentInstitute;KOSISNumberofnewdoctoraldegreeholdersinSouthKoreafrom2014to2023,bygenderNumberofnewdoctoraldegreeholdersSouthKorea2014-2023,bygenderMenWomen7,0006,0005,0004,0003,0002,0001,0000201420152016201720182019202020212022202313Description:In2023,therewereover4,000womenandapproximately6,100menwhoearnedtheirdoctoraldegreesfromauniversityinSouthKorea.Forthepastthreeyears,thenumberofnewdoctorateholdershasbeenover10,000.

ReadmoreNote(s):SouthKorea;2014to2023Source(s):KOSIS;KRIVETCHAPTER

03EmploymentandpaygapEmploymentrateinSouthKoreafrom2000to2023,bygenderEmploymentrateSouthKorea2000-2023,bygenderMenWomen71.1%

71.1%75%70%65%60%55%50%45%40%72.3%72.3%72.1%71.9%71.6%

71.7%71.7%71.4%71.5%52.9%71.2%71.2%

71.2%71.3%54.1%71.1%70.8%70.7%70.8%

70.7%70.2%

70.3%70%69.8%51.6%51.2%50.8%

50.9%50.7%50.3%50.1%49.7%49%

49.1%

48.9%48.9%48.6%48.3%48.5%48.5%

48.6%47.8%

47.9%47.7%47.4%47%2000

2001

2002

2003

2004

2005

2006

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2008

2009

2010

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2015

2016

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2019

2020

2021

2022

202315Description:In2023,theemploymentrateofmenandwomeninSouthKoreawasabout71.3and54.1percent,respectively.WhiletheemploymentrateofSouthKoreanmenissignificantlyhigherthanthatofwomen,theemploymentrateofwomenhasrisensteadilyoverthepastdecade.ReadmoreNote(s):SouthKorea;2000to2023;15yearsandolderSource(s):KOSIS;StatisticsKoreaEmploymentrateofmalepopulationinSouthKoreain2023,byagegroupMaleemploymentrateSouthKorea2023,byagegroup100%90.7%90.7%90.8%89.3%87.2%90%80%70%60%50%40%30%20%10%0%85.5%73.9%70.5%62%40.3%37.6%5.8%15-19years

20-24years

25-29years

30-34years

35-39years

40-44years

45-49years

50-54years

55-59years

60-64years

65-69years

70+years16Description:In2023,theemploymentrateofmeninSouthKoreaaged35to49yearsoldstayedover90percent.Itwasfollowedbytheagegroupof50to54yearsold.

ReadmoreNote(s):SouthKorea;2023;16yearsandolderSource(s):KOSIS;StatisticsKoreaEmploymentrateoffemalepopulationinSouthKoreain2023,byagegroupFemaleemploymentrateSouthKorea2023,byagegroup80%74.3%71.3%69%67.4%70%60%50%40%30%20%10%0%66.6%64.7%64.7%54.1%50.5%40.9%24.5%8.6%15-19years

20-24years

25-29years

30-34years

35-39years

40-44years

45-49years

50-54years

55-59years

60-64years

65-69years

70+years17Description:In2023,theemploymentrateofwomeninSouthKoreaaged25to29yearsoldwasthehighestacrossallagegroups,witharound74.3percent.Itwasfollowedbytheemploymentrateofwomenaged30to34yearsold.

ReadmoreNote(s):SouthKorea;2023Source(s):KOSIS;StatisticsKoreaGenderpaygapinSouthKoreain2022,byoccupation(inmillionSouthKoreanwon)GenderpaygapSouthKorea2022,byoccupationMonthlysalaryinmillionSouthKoreanwonMenWomen40268101210.55ManagersClericalsupportworkers8.324.64.783.28ProfessionalsandassociateprofessionalsPlantandmachineoperators,andassemblersSalesworkers3.183.352.672.482.363.793.43CraftandrelatedtradesworkersSkilledagricultural,forestryandfisheryworkersElementaryoccupations2.82.12.542.012.8Serviceworkers1.7718Description:In2022,malemanagersinSouthKoreaearnedapproximately10.6millionSouthKoreanwonpermonthonaverage,whilefemalemanagersearnedabout8.3millionSouthKoreanwon.Overall,therewasapronouncedgendergapinmonthlysalariesforSouthKoreanemployeesacrossalloccupationtypes.ReadmoreNote(s):SouthKorea;2022;includingfixedsalaryandovertimepaymentSource(s):KOSIS;MOEL(SouthKorea)EarningsratiobetweenwomenandmeninSouthKoreafrom2010to2022Women's-to-men'searningsratioSouthKorea2010-202270%64.4%64.7%64.6%65%63.3%61.5%61%60.5%60.6%59.7%59.8%59.5%59.3%60%50%40%30%20%10%0%201020112012201320142015201620172018201920202021202219Description:In2022,thewomen's-to-men'searningsratioinSouthKoreastoodatabout65percent.Althoughthisratehasincreasedinrecentyears,thegenderpaygapisstillclearlyevidentinSouthKoreansocietytoday.Furthermore,severalaspectsmakeitdifficultforaSouthKoreanwomantoadvanceinhercareer,includingthefactthatitisnoteasytoreturntoworkafteralongcareerbreak,suchasmaternityleave.ReadmoreNote(s):SouthKorea;2010to2022Source(s):MOEL(SouthKorea);StatisticsKoreaAveragemonthlyworkinghoursofemployeesinSouthKoreafrom2010to2022,bygenderMonthlyworkinghoursofemployeesSouthKorea2010-2022,bygenderMaleemployeesFemaleemployees250200150100500201020112012201320142015201620172018201920202021202220Description:In2022,theaveragemonthlyworkinghoursformaleemployeeswere160.8hoursand146.7hoursforfemaleemployees.In2020,anewpolicywasintroducedinSouthKoreathatlimitedweeklyworkinghourstoamaximumof52hours.

ReadmoreNote(s):SouthKorea;2010to2022Source(s):MOEL(SouthKorea);StatisticsKoreaCHAPTER

04Leadershipanddecision-makingShareoffemalemanagersinSouthKoreafrom2008to2023ShareoffemalemanagersSouthKorea2008-202325%22.11%21.75%21.3%20.9%20.6%20.4%20.1%19.8%19.4%20%15%10%5%18.4%17%16.6%16.1%15.1%12.5%0%20082010201120122013201420152016201720182019202020212022202322Description:In2023,about22.1percentofmanagersinSouthKoreawerewomen,aslightincreasefromabout21.8percentinthepreviousyear.Overall,theshareoffemalemanagersinSouthKoreahasrisensteadilysince2008.

ReadmoreNote(s):SouthKorea;2008to2023Source(s):KWDI;MOEL(SouthKorea)ShareoffemaleCEOsinSouthKoreafrom2000to2021ShareoffemaleCEOsSouthKorea2000-202145%40%35%30%25%20%15%10%5%38.3%38.4%38.5%37.9%37.5%37.6%37.8%37.7%37.5%37.2%36.7%36.8%35.9%33.9%0%2000200520102011201220132014201520162017201820192020202123Description:In2021,around36.8percentoftheCEOsinSouthKoreawerewomen.Thisshowsaslightdecreasecomparedto2019whenitwasatthehighestvalue,atabout38.5percent.

ReadmoreNote(s):SouthKorea;2000to2021Source(s):KWDI;MOEL(SouthKorea)ShareofwomenintheNationalAssemblyinSouthKoreafrom2005to2023ShareofwomenintheNationalAssemblySouthKorea2005-202325%20%15%10%5%0%200520062007200820092010201120122013201420152016201720182019202020212022202324Description:AsofJune2023,around19percentofparliamentseatsinSouthKoreawereheldbywomen,slightlyupfrom18.6percentinthepreviousyear.TheshareofwomenintheNationalAssemblyhasincreasedinthelastdecadebutisstilllowcomparedtoothercountries.ReadmoreNote(s):SouthKorea;2005to2023Source(s):IPU;StatisticsKoreaShareoffemaleministersinSouthKoreafrom2008to2023ShareoffemaleministersinSouthKorea2008-202335%30%25%20%15%10%5%33.3%27.8%22.2%16.7%15.8%11.8%201411.1%201211.1%20189.1%20175.9%20155.9%20165%0%20082019202020212022Jun202325Description:AsofJune2023,theshareoffemaleministersinSouthKoreawas15.8percent.Thatyear,SouthKoreahadthreefemaleministersoutofatotalof19.Thiswasadecreasecomparedtothepreviousfouryears.

ReadmoreNote(s):SouthKorea;2008to2023Source(s):MinistryofGenderEqualityandFamily(SouthKorea)ShareoffemalelegalprofessionsinSouthKoreafrom2010to2022,bytypeShareoffemalelegalprofessionsSouthKorea2010-2022,bytypeJudgeProsecutorLawyer40%35%30%25%20%15%10%5%0%201020112012201320142015201620172018201920202021202226Description:In2022,theshareoffemalejudgesinSouthKoreastoodatabout33.8percent,whileabout33.6percentofprosecutorswerewomen.TheshareoffemalelegalprofessionalsinSouthKoreahasrisensteadilyinrecentyears.

ReadmoreNote(s):SouthKorea;2010to2022Source(s):KoreanWomenLawyersAssociation;KWDI;MinistryofPersonnelManagementCHAPTER

05FamilyMedianageatfirstmarriageinSouthKoreafrom1990to2022,bygender(inyears)MedianageatfirstmarriageSouthKorea1990-2022,bygenderMenWomen35.533.531.529.527.525.523.528Description:In2022,themedianageatwhichSouthKoreanwomengotmarriedforthefirsttimewas31.26years,whilethatofmenwas33.72years.TheaverageageofbothmenandwomenmarryingforthefirsttimeinSouthKoreahasrisensteadilyinrecentyears–withthatofwomenreachinganall-timehighin2022.ReadmoreNote(s):SouthKorea;1990to2022Source(s):KOSIS;StatisticsKoreaNumberofemployeesonparentalleaveinSouthKoreafrom2008to2022,bygender(in1,000s)EmployeesonparentalleaveinSouthKorea2008-2022bygenderFemaleMale1009093.2584.6282.4782.1882.8981.5481.5278.18073.4167.3270605040302010062.2856.7440.9137.8834.928.7929.0427.4222.317.6612.047.624.873.4220142.2920131.420111.7920120.3620080.520090.8220102015201620172018201920202021202229Description:In2022,over131thousandemployeestookparentalleaveinSouthKorea.WhilethetotalnumberofbothSouthKoreanmenandwomentakingparentalleavesteadilyincreased,theshareofmeninthefigureincreasedfrom5.6percentin2015to28.9percentin2022.ReadmoreNote(s):SouthKorea;2008to2022Source(s):KEIS;MinistryofGenderEqualityandFamily(SouthKorea)NumberofemployeeswhoworkedshorterthanregularhoursduetochildcareinSouthKoreafrom2015to2022,bygenderEmployeesworkingshorterduetoparentinginSouthKorea2015-2022,bygenderMenWomen20,00018,00016,00014,00012,00010,0008,0006,0004,0002,000017,46815,06013,0594,9183,2702,5002,3831,8912,0011,6391,6327422019550201837820163212017170201520202021202230Description:In2022,around17.5thousandfemaleandtwothousandmaleemployeesreducedtheirworkhoursduetoparenting.Thenumberofmenandwomenwhoworkedshorterhoursforchildcarehassteadilyincreasedinrecentyears.

ReadmoreNote(s):SouthKorea;2015to2022Source(s):KEIS;MinistryofGenderEqualityandFamily(SouthKorea)NumberofmarriedwomenwhohavelefttheworkforceinSouthKoreafrom2015to2022(inmillions)NumberofmarriedwomenleavingemploymentSouthKorea2015-20222.52.072.01.851.71.511.451.51.00.50.01.420152018201920202021202231Description:In2022,therewereabout1.4millionmarriedwomenwholefttheworkforceinSouthKorea.Marriedwomenleavingtheworkforcehassteadilydecreasedsince2015.Theleadingreasonsforthosewomenleavingemploymentwereparenting,marriage,andpregnancy/birth.ReadmoreNote(s):SouthKorea;2015to2022Source(s):MinistryofGenderEqualityandFamily(SouthKorea);StatisticsKoreaOpinionsonsharinghouseholdchoresbetweenmarriedpeopleinSouthKoreafrom2006to2022OpinionsonsharinghousechoresSouthKorea2006-2022Womenshouldbeprimarilyresponsible66.5%ItshouldbesplitequallyMenshouldbeprimarilyresponsible70%60%50%40%30%20%10%0%65.4%32.4%64.7%33.3%62.5%59.1%61.3%53.5%52%50.2%47.5%45.3%43.8%38.4%36.8%34.8%32.4%2.7%20162.5%20182.7%20202.3%20062.6%20122.3%20142%1.9%20101.1%2008202232Description:In2022,around65percentoftherespondentsinasurveyinSouthKoreaansweredthathouseholdchoresshouldbesplitequallybetweenmenandwomen,whichwasadoublegrowthcomparedtothatin2006.One-thirdoftherespondentsstillthoughtthatwomenshouldtaketheprimaryresponsibilitiesforhouseholdwork.ReadmoreNote(s):SouthKorea;2006to2022;13yearsandolderSource(s):StatisticsKoreaDailytimespentonhouseholdchoresbymarriedpeopleinSouthKoreain2019,bygender(inminutes)DailytimespentonhouseholdchoresSouthKorea2019,bygender25020015010022564500MenWomen33Description:In2019,marriedwomeninSouthKoreaspentabout225minutesonhouseholdchoresperday.Comparedtothat,marriedmeninSouthKoreaspentaround64minutesdailyonhouseholdwork.AlthoughtheengagementinhousechoresandchildcarebySouthKoreanmenhasincreasinglygrownoverthedecade,thegendergapinhouseworkhoursremainslarge.ReadmoreNote(s):SouthKorea;1999to2019;19yearsandolder;marriedpeopleSource(s):StatisticsKoreaCHAPTER

06PublicopinionOpinionsongenderdiscriminationinsocietyinSouthKoreainFebruary2024OpinionsongenderdiscriminiationinsocietySouthKorea2024WorkHomeSchool60%55%50%40%30%20%10%0%38%26%26%23%20%DiscriminationagainstwomenisseriousDiscriminationagainstmenisserious35Description:AccordingtoasurveyongenderdiscriminationconductedinSouthKoreainFebruary2024,morethanhalfoftherespondentsindicatedthatdiscriminationagainstwomenatworkisserious.Thesurveyfoundthatthegendergapintheworkplacewasthehighest.ReadmoreNote(s):SouthKorea;February23to26,2024;1,000respondents;18yearsandolderSource(s):HankookResearchOpinionsonwhethergenderequalitylevelwillgetbetterorworseinthefutureinSouthKoreain2023OpinionsongenderequalityinthefutureSouthKorea202360%50%40%30%20%52%32%11%10%5%0%ItwillgetworsethannowItwillstaythesameItwillgetbetterthannowDon'tknow36Description:AccordingtoasurveyongenderdiscriminationinSouthKoreainFebruary2023,about52percentofrespondentssaidthatthelevelofgenderequalitywouldremainthesameinthefuture.Togetherwiththosewhothoughtitwouldbeworsethannow,around63percentofrespondentswerenotoptimisticaboutthefutureofgenderequalityintheirsociety.ReadmoreNote(s):SouthKorea;February24to27,2023;1,000respondents;18yearsandolderSource(s):HankookResearchShareofrespondentswhoagreewiththefollowingstatementsregardingtraditionalgenderrolesformeninSouthKoreain2021OpinionsontraditionalmalerolesSouthKorea2021Shareofrespondents0%5%10%15%20%25%30%35%MenshouldnotshowtheirweaksideMenshouldbethefamilybreadwinner32.1%29.2%Menshouldbeprimarilyhiredwhenunemploymentrateishigh26%Traditionallyfemale-dominatedjobs(nurse,nurseryteacher,etc)arenotsuitableformen14.9%37Description:AccordingtoasurveyconductedamongSouthKoreansagedover15yearsoldin2021,about32.1percentoftherespondentsagreedwiththestatementthatmenshouldnotshowtheirweakside.Followingthat,around29.2percentofthesurveyedthoughtthatmenshouldhavetheprimaryresponsibilityofprovidingforthefamily.ReadmoreNote(s):SouthKorea;September27toOctober12,2021;8,358respondents;15yearsandolder;4,351femaleand4,007malerespondentsSource(s):KOSIS;MinistryofGenderEqualityandFamily(SouthKorea)ShareofrespondentswhoagreewiththefollowingstatementsregardingtraditionalgenderrolesforwomeninSouthKoreain2021OpinionsontraditionalfemalerolesSouthKorea2021Shareofrespondents0%2%4%6%8%10%12%14%16%18%20%Traditionallymale-dominatedjobs(professionalmilitary,police,etc)arenotsuitableforwomen17.9%Womenshouldnotlookstrong17.7%Womenareprimarilyresponsiblefortheirchildrenevenwhenworking17%38Description:AccordingtoasurveyconductedamongSouthKoreansagedover15yearsoldin2021,about17.9percentoftherespondentsagreedwiththestatementthattradtitionallymale-dominatedjobssuchasprofessionalmilitaryorpolicearenotsuitableforwomen.Itwasclos