韩国政治情况分析报告-外文版培训课件

POLITICS

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SOCIETYPoliticsinSouthKoreaCHAPTER

01ThepresidencyVoterturnoutinpresidentialelectionsinSouthKoreafrom1987to2022PresidentialelectionvoterturnoutinSouthKorea1987-2022100%89.2%90%80%70%60%50%40%30%20%10%0%81.9%80.7%77.2%77.1%75.8%70.8%63%1987(13th)1992(14th)1997(15th)2002(16th)2007(17th)2012(18th)2017(19th)2022(20th)3Description:InSouthKorea's20thpresidentialelectionin2022,voterturnoutwas77.1percent.Voterturnoutreferstothepercentageofeligiblevoterswhoactuallyparticipateinanelection.SouthKoreahadarelativelyhighturnoutofover80percentuntilthe2000s,withthelowestturnoutrecordedinthe2007presidentialelection,althoughagradualincreasehasbeenindicatedinfiguresthereafter.ReadmoreNote(s):SouthKorea;1987to2022Source(s):NEC(SouthKorea)Resultsofthe20thpresidentialelectioninSouthKoreain202220thpresidentialelectionresultsSouthKorea2022Shareofvotes0%5%10%15%20%25%30%35%40%45%50%55%YoonSuk-yeol(PeoplePowerParty)LeeJae-myung(DemocraticParty)48.56%47.83%SimSang-jung(JusticeParty)2.37%HuhKyung-young(NationalRevolutionaryParty)0.83%KimJae-yeon(ProgressiveParty)

0.11%ChoWon-jin(OurRepublicanParty)

0.07%OhJun-ho(BasicIncomeParty)

0.05%KimMin-chan(KoreanWaveAllianceParty)

0.05%LeeKyung-hee(UnitedKoreanParty)

0.03%LeeBaek-yoon(LaborParty)

0.02%KimKyung-jae(NewLiberalDemocraticUnion)

0.02%OkEun-ho(SaenuriParty)

0.01%4Description:Inthe20thpresidentialelectionheldinSouthKoreaonMarch9,2022,YoonSuk-yeolofthePeoplePowerPartywaselectedpresidentofSouthKoreawith48.56percentofallvotes.LeeJae-myungoftheDemocraticPartyreceived47.86percentofthevote.Overall,77.1percentofallSouthKoreaneligiblevoterscasttheirballotsthatday.ReadmoreNote(s):SouthKorea;March2022;44,197,692electorsSource(s):NEC(SouthKorea)ApprovalratingsofthelasttenpresidentsthroughouttheirpresidentialterminSouthKoreafrom1948to2022JobapprovalratingsofSouthKoreanpresidents1948-2022ShareofrespondentsPoorjob

Noanswer/donotknowGoodjob30%0%10%20%40%40%50%40%60%70%80%90%100%RheeSyngman(1948-1960)ParkChung-hee(1963-1979)ChunDoo-hwan(1980-1988)RohTae-woo(1988-1993)KimYoung-sam(1993-1998)KimDae-jung(1998-2003)RohMoo-hyun(2003-2008)LeeMyung-bak(2008-2013)ParkGeun-hye(2013-2017)MoonJae-in(2017-2022)30%30%61%25%14%11%18%71%21%49%30%30%30%68%70%14%15%18%15%14%13%16%32%54%21%66%38%46%5Description:AccordingtoasurveyconductedinSouthKoreainNovember2023,formerPresidentRohMoo-hyunhadthehighestapprovalratingoutof10formerpresidents,with70percentofrespondentssayingthathedidagoodjob.Ontheotherhand,formerPresidentChunDoo-hwanhadthehighestdisapprovalrate,at71percent.ReadmoreNote(s):SouthKorea;November28to30,2023;1,009respondentsSource(s):GallupKoreaApprovalratingofSouthKorea'sPresidentYoonSukYeolfromApril2022toFebruary2024PresidentYoonSukYeol'sapprovalrateSouthKorea2024ApproveDisapprove75%65%55%45%35%25%15%6Description:AccordingtoasurveyconductedinSouthKoreainthefifthweekofFebruary2024,around39percentofrespondentsapprovedPresidentYoonSukYeol'sperformanceinoffice,whileabout53percentdisapprovedofYoon'sperformance.YoonSuk-yeolwaselectedSouthKorea'spresidentonMarch10,2022andtookofficeonMay10,2022.ReadmoreNote(s):SouthKorea;April2022toFebruary2024;1,001respondents;18yearsandolderSource(s):GallupKoreaOpiniononthepoliciesimplementedbytheSouthKoreangovernmentunderPresidentYoonSuk-yeolasofFebruary2024,bysectorOpiniononpoliciesunderPresidentYoonSuk-yeolSouthKorea2024,bysectorGoodjobPoorjob52%70%60%50%40%30%20%10%0%62%60%54%52%49%46%37%35%33%25%23%22%19%EconomyPublicappointmentsRealestateForeignpolicyNorthKoreapolicyEducationSocialwelfare7Description:AccordingtoasurveyconductedinSouthKoreabetweenJanuaryandFebruary2024,about62percentoftherespondentsdidnotapproveofthegovernment'seconomicpoliciesunderPresidentYoonSuk-yeol.Additionally,onlyabout19percentoftherespondentsbelievedthatthegovernmentwasmakinggoodpublicappointments.ReadmoreNote(s):SouthKorea;January30toFebruary1,2024;1,000respondentsSource(s):GallupKoreaOpiniononpoliticalprioritiesforthegovernmentandpoliticalpartiesinSouthKoreaasofDecember2023OpiniononpoliticalprioritiesSouthKorea2023Shareofrespondents10%0%5%15%20%25%30%30%35%DecliningbirthrateandagingpopulationJobsandemployment20%Housingandrealestate13%Socialsafety9%StrengtheningdiplomacyandnationalsecuritySocialwelfareanddistributionImprovingrelationsbetweenSouthandNorthKoreaClimatechangeandenvironmentEducationpolicy8%8%3%3%3%Genderequality1%8Description:AccordingtoasurveyconductedinSouthKoreainDecember2023,around30percentofrespondentsconsideredthedecliningbirthrateandagingpopulationthemostsignificantissuestobetackledbytheSouthKoreangovernmentandpoliticalparties.Employmentandhousingconcernsfollowed,withapproximately20percentand13percentofresponses,respectively.ReadmoreNote(s):SouthKorea;December26to27,2023;1,000respondents;18yearsandolderSource(s):HankookIlbo;HankookResearch;NationalElectionSurveyDeliberationCommissionLeveloftrustinthecentralgovernmentinSouthKoreafrom2013to2023TrustlevelinthenationalgovernmentSouthKorea2013-202360%56%53.8%50%49.4%50%40%30%20%10%0%45.2%40.8%38.4%35.3%32.9%31.9%24.6%201320142015201620172018201920202021202220239Description:AccordingtoasurveyconductedinSouthKoreain2023about54percentofrespondentshadtrustinthecountry'scentralgovernment.PublictrustinthegovernmenthaddeclinedduringParkGeun-hye'spresidentialterm(2013-2017)buthassinceincreased.ReadmoreNote(s):SouthKorea;2013to2023;19yearsandolder*;*Agerangeofrespondentsbetween2013and2019:19-69yearsShareofrespondentswhowere"somewhatconfident"and"veryconfident"intheinstitution'sabilitytodoitsjob.

ReadmoreSource(s):KIPA;StatisticsKoreaCHAPTER

02TheNationalAssemblyVoterturnoutofparliamentaryelectionsinSouthKoreafrom2004to2024VoterturnoutofparliamentaryelectionsSouthKorea2004-202480%70%60%50%40%30%20%10%0%67%66.2%60.6%58%54.2%46.1%Apr15,2004(17th)Apr9,2008(18th)Apr11,2012(19th)Apr13,2016(20th)Apr15,2020(21st)Apr10,2024(22nd)11/statistics/704956/south-korea-congressional-election-turnoutIntheparliamentaryelectionsheldinSouthKoreaonApril15,2024,voterturnoutwas67percent,thehighestforparliamentaryelectionsin32years.MembersoftheNationalAssemblyinSouthKoreacanbereelectedandserveafour-yearterm.

ReadmoreNote(s):SouthKorea;2004to2024Source(s):NEC(SouthKorea)NumberofseatsintheNationalAssemblyofSouthKoreaasofMarch2024,bypoliticalpartySeatsintheNationalAssemblySouthKorea2024,bypartyNumberofseats150050100200250300350DemocraticPartyofKoreaPeoplePowerPartyDemocraticAllianceofKoreaPeopleFuturePartyJusticePartewFuturePartyNewReformPartyLibertyUnificationPartyRebuildingKoreaPartyProgressivePartyIndependent541119Total29712Description:AsofMarch25,2024,SouthKorea'sNationalAssemblyhad297members.TheDemocraticPartyheldthemostseatswith142,followedbythePeoplePowerParty,whomergedwiththePeoplePartyinApril2022,with101seats.MembersoftheNationalAssemblyareelectedforafour-yearterm.Voters18yearsandolderhavetocasttwoballots:oneforadistrictrepresentativeandoneforapoliticalparty,whoseshareofvotesisdistributedproportionallyfornational-levelseats.Thelast[...]

ReadmoreNote(s):SouthKorea;March25,2024Source(s):NationalAssembly(SouthKorea)NumberofmembersoftheNationalAssemblyofSouthKoreaasofMarch2024,byagegroupNumberofmembersoftheNationalAssemblySouthKorea2024,byage1601401201008013711360402317207030-39years40-49years50-59years60-69years70+years13Description:AsofMarch2024,theSouthKoreanNationalAssemblyhad137membersagedbetween60and69years,whileonlysevenmemberswereagedbetween30and39.TheNationalAssemblyhad297membersintotal.

ReadmoreNote(s):SouthKorea;March25,2024Source(s):NationalAssembly(SouthKorea)AnnualsalaryofmembersoftheNationalAssemblyinSouthKoreainselectedyearsfrom2015to2024(inmillionSouthKoreanwon)AnnualsalaryofmembersoftheNationalAssemblySouthKorea2015-2024180156.91154.26154.2616014012010080151.88152.81147.37604020020152020202120222023202414Description:In2024,amemberoftheNationalAssemblyofSouthKoreareceivedasalaryofapproximately157millionSouthKoreanwon,whichwasa1.7percentincreasecomparedtothepreviousyear.TheannualsalaryofmembersoftheNationalAssemblyhasbeensteadilyincreasingoverthepastfewyears.ReadmoreNote(s):SouthKorea;2015to2024Source(s):AsiaBusinessDaily;NationalAssembly(SouthKorea);StatisticsKoreaLeveloftrustintheNationalAssemblyofSouthKoreafrom2013to2023PublictrustintheNationalAssemblySouthKorea2013-202340%34.4%35%30%25%20%15%10%5%24.7%24.1%21.1%19.7%18%16.7%15.4%15%15%12.6%20160%201320142015201720182019202020212022202315/statistics/1455207/south-korea-trust-in-the-national-parliamentAccordingtoasurveyconductedinSouthKoreain2023,onlyabout24.7percentofrespondentshadtrustintheNationalAssembly.ThesurveyresultsshowedthattheNationalAssemblywastheleasttrustedinstitutionamongallinstitutionssurveyed.ReadmoreNote(s):SouthKorea;2013to2023;19yearsandolder*;*Agerangeofrespondentsbetween2013and2019:19-69yearsShareofrespondentswhowere"somewhatconfident"and"veryconfident"intheinstitution'sabilitytodoitsjob.

ReadmoreSource(s):KIPA;StatisticsKoreaCHAPTER

03ThecourtsystemNumberofjudgesinSouthKoreain2023,byinstitutionNumberofjudgesSouthKorea2023,byinstitutionNumberofjudges05001,0001,5002,0002,5003,0003,500DistrictCourtHighCourt2,613371SupremeCourt113JudicialResearchandTrainingInstituteOfficeofCourtAdministrationTotal2813,12617Description:AsofMarch2023,therewere3,126judgesactivelyworkingintheSouthKoreanjusticesystem.Themajoritywasworkingindistrictcourts,followedbythehighcourtswith371judges.ReadmoreNote(s):SouthKorea;2023Source(s):CourtofKoreaTotalnumberofSupremeCourtjusticesinSouthKoreafrom1948to2024,bygenderTotalnumberofSupremeCourtjusticesSouthKorea1948-2024,bygender1601511401201008060402080MenWomen18Description:Between1948andMarch2024,theSupremeCourtofSouthKoreahadeightfemalejusticescomparedto151malejustices.Thefirstfemalejusticewasappointedin2004.ReadmoreNote(s):SouthKorea;1948to2024Source(s):SupremeCourtofKoreaNumberofcourtcasesinSouthKoreain2022,bytype(in1,000s)NumberofcourtcasesSouthKorea2022,bytype4,5004,227.74,0003,5003,0002,5002,0001,5001,0005001,579.32Criminal177.31Family131.9249.91.040.120CivilJuvenileAdministrativeIntellectualpropertyElection19Description:In2022,aroundsixmillionnewlawsuitswerefiledwiththecourtsinSouthKorea.Ofthesecases,civilcasesmadeupapproximately70percentwitharound4,228casesfiled.Criminalcasesaccountedforroughly26percentofthetotalnumberofcaseswithabout1,580casesfiled.ReadmoreNote(s):SouthKorea;2022;casesfiledwiththecourtsinSouthKoreaSource(s):CourtofKoreaOpiniononthefairnessofthejusticesysteminSouthKoreafrom2013to2023,byinstitutionOpiniononthefairnessofthejusticesystemSouthKorea2013-2023,byinstitutionCourtsProsecutors'officesPolice70%60%50%40%30%20%10%0%2013201420152016201720182019202020212022202320Description:AccordingtoasurveyconductedinSouthKoreain2023,approximatelyhalfoftherespondentsbelievedthatthecourts,prosecutors,andthepoliceenforcedthelawfairly.WhileconfidenceinthefairnessofthejusticesysteminSouthKoreahasincreasedsomewhatcomparedto10yearsago,trustintheseinstitutionsremainedrelativelylowwhencomparedtootherinstitutionsinthecountry.ReadmoreNote(s):SouthKorea;2013to2023;19yearsandolder*;*Agerangeofrespondentsbetween2013and2019:19-69years

ReadmoreSource(s):KIPA;StatisticsKoreaPublictrustincourtsinSouthKoreafrom2013to2023PublictrustincourtsSouthKorea2013-202360%50%51.3%48.5%47.7%41.1%41.1%40%30%20%10%0%37.6%36.8%35%34.4%33%29.8%2013201420152016201720182019202020212022202321Description:AccordingtoasurveyconductedinSouthKoreain2023,about49percentofrespondentsexpressedtrustinthecourts.Trustlevelswerelowestin2016buthavesinceincreased.

ReadmoreNote(s):SouthKorea;2013to2023;19yearsandolder*;*Agerangeofrespondentsbetween2013and2019:19-69yearsShareofrespondentswhowere"somewhatconfident"and"veryconfident"intheinstitution'sabilitytodoitsjob.

ReadmoreSource(s):KIPA;StatisticsKoreaCHAPTER

04PoliticalpartiesTotalnumberofpoliticalpartymembersinSouthKoreafrom2010to2022(inmillions)PoliticalpartymembershipSouthKorea2010-20221210810.6510.438.778.667.837.516.15.8465.25.255.14.794.78420201020112012201320142015201620172018201920202021202223Description:In2022,thenumberofpoliticalpartymembersinSouthKoreaamountedtoabout10.65million,slightlyupfromaround10.43millioninthepreviousyear.Overall,thenumberofmembersofpoliticalpartiesinSouthKoreahasrisensteadilyinrecentyears.ReadmoreNote(s):SouthKorea;2010

to2022Source(s):NEC(SouthKorea)TotalnumberofpoliticalpartymembersinSouthKoreain2022,byparty(in1,000s)PoliticalpartymembershipSouthKorea2022,bypartyNumberofpoliticalpartymembersinthousands1,500

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3,00005001,0003,5004,0004,5005,0005,500DemocraticPartyPeoplePowerPartyOurRepublicanPartyMinsaengParty4,849.584,298.59423.22377.54LibertyUnificationPartyProgressivePartySaenuriParty199.3591.6236.1648.89JusticePartyOther328.1424Description:AsofDecember2022,theDemocraticPartywasthelargestpartyinSouthKoreawitharound4.85millionpartymembers.ThePeoplePowerPartyfollowedwithabout4.3millionmembers.Intotal,about10.65millionpeopleweremembersofapoliticalpartythatyear.ReadmoreNote(s):SouthKorea;December31,2022Source(s):NEC(SouthKorea)PoliticalpartypreferenceamongSouthKoreansfromSeptember2023toMarch2024ApprovalratingsforpoliticalpartiesSouthKorea2023-2024DemocraticPartyLibertyUnificationPeoplePowerPartyRebuildingKoreaPartyJusticePartyProgressivePartyNewFuturePartyOtherNewReformPartyNopreference45%40%35%30%25%20%15%10%5%0%-5%Sep2023

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Mar25Description:AccordingtoasurveyconductedinSouthKoreainMarch2024,around37percentfavoredthePeoplePowerParty,while29percentpreferredtheDemocraticParty.

ReadmoreNote(s):SouthKorea;March26to28,2024;1,001respondents;18yearsandolderSource(s):GallupKoreaIncomeofpoliticalpartiesinSouthKoreain2022,bypoliticalparty(inbillionSouthKoreanwon)IncomeofpoliticalpartiesSouthKorea2022,bypoliticalparty300262.55250215.352001501005045.14Other20.173.970.280DemocraticPartyPeoplePowerPartyJusticePartyBasicIncomePartyTransitionKoreaParty26Description:In2022,theDemocraticPartyinSouthKoreahadanincomeofaround263billionSouthKoreanwon,followedbythePeoplePowerPartywitharound215billionwon.Mostoftheincomeconsistedofgovernmentsubsidies.

ReadmoreNote(s):SouthKorea;2022Source(s):NEC(SouthKorea)ExpenditureofpoliticalpartiesinSouthKoreain2022,bypoliticalparty(inbillionSouthKoreanwon)ExpenditureofpoliticalpartiesSouthKorea2022,bypoliticalparty140123.68119.0312010080604020029.52Other9.763.630.24DemocraticPartyPeoplePowerPartyJusticePartyBasicIncomePartyTransitionKoreaParty27Description:In2022,theSouthKoreanDemocraticParty'sexpenditureamountedtoapproximately124billionSouthKoreanwon,whilethePeoplePowerParty'sexpensestotaledtoabout119billionwon.Thesecostswereprimarilyrelatedtoelectionexpensesandvariousorganizationalactivitiescarriedoutbythepoliticalparties.ReadmoreNote(s):SouthKorea;2022Source(s):NEC(SouthKorea)PublicsubsidiesprovidedtopoliticalpartiesinSouthKoreafrom2014to2023(inbillionSouthKoreanwon)GovernmentsubsidiesforpoliticalpartiesSouthKorea2014-2023160140120100142.0190.7288.4184.2882.7980.4280604020047.63202346.28202143.23201939.44201520142016201720182020202228Description:In2023,theSouthKoreangovernmentprovidedapproximately47.6billionSouthKoreanwoninsubsidiestopoliticalparties.Theamountofsubsidieshasfluctuatedoverthepasttenyears,withadditionalsubsidiesbeinggrantedduringelectionperiods.Thehighestamountofsubsidieswasgrantedin2022,whenbothpresidentialelectionsandlocalelectionswereheldinthesameyear.ReadmoreNote(s):SouthKorea;2014to2023Source(s):NEC(SouthKorea)CHAPTER

05IdeologicallandscapePoliticalandideologicalviewsofadultsinSouthKoreafromJanuary2016toFebruary2024PoliticalideologySouthKorea2016-2024VeryconservativeSomewhatconservativeModerateSomewhatprogressiveVeryprogressiveDonotknow/noanswerJanJanJanJanJanJanJanJanFebMarAprMayJunJulAugSepOctNovDecJanFeb2016

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202430Description:AccordingtoasurveyonthepoliticalandideologicalviewsinSouthKoreainFebruary2024,around29percentofrespondentsdescribedthemselvesasmoderate.Around32percentofrespondentssaidtheyweremoreconservative,whilearound28percentidentifiedtheirpoliticalviewsasprogressive.ReadmoreNote(s):SouthKorea;January2016toFebruary2024;4,000respondents*;18yearsandolder;*About4,000monthlyrespondents.

ReadmoreSource(s):GallupKoreaPoliticalandideologicalviewsofadultsinSouthKoreainJanuary2024,byprovincePoliticalideologySouthKorea2024,byprovinceShareofrespondentsDonotknow/noanswer10%

15%Progressive20%Moderate25%Conservative30%0%5%35%40%45%50%SeoulIncheon/GyeonggiGangwonDaejeon/Sejong/ChungcheongGwangju/JeollaDaegu/GyeongbukBusan/Ulsan/Gyeongnam31Description:AccordingtoasurveyonpoliticalandideologicalviewsinSouthKoreainJanuary2024,Daegu/Gyeongbukhadthehighestproportionofconservativerespondentsataround46percent.Ontheotherhand,Gwangju/Jeollahadthehighestshareofprogressiverespondentsataround39percent.ReadmoreNote(s):SouthKorea;January2024;1,001respondents;18yearsandolderSource(s):GallupKoreaPoliticalandideologicalviewsofadultsinSouthKoreainFebruary2024,bygenderPoliticalideologySouthKorea2024,bygenderConservativeModerateProgressiveDonotknow/noanswer120%100%80%60%40%20%0%8%14%27%25%33%31%35%Men28%Women32Description:AccordingtoasurveycondcutedinSouthKoreainMay2023,about35percentofmalerespondentsand28percentoffemalerespondentsdescribedthemselvesasconservative.Ontheotherhand,around25percentofmenand25percentofwomensaidtheywereprogressive.ReadmoreNote(s):SouthKorea;February2024;1,001respondents;18yearsandolderSource(s):GallupKoreaPoliticalandideologicalviewsofadultsinSouthKoreainFebruary2024,byagegroupPoliticalideologySouthKorea2024,byageShareofrespondentsModerate

Progressive40%

60%ConservativeDonotknow/noanswer80%0%20%100%120%18to29yearsold30to39yearsold40to49yearsold50to59yearsold60to69yearsold70yearsandolder25%25%34%27%14%32%39%23%6%37%33%6%28%31%35%6%42%30%20%8%38%19%16%28%33Description:AccordingtoasurveyconductedinSouthKoreainFebruary2024,around42percentofrespondentsintheir60sdescribedthemselvesasconservative,whileabout35percentofrespondentsaged50yearsandolderidentifiedtheirpoliticalviewsasprogressive.ReadmoreNote(s):SouthKorea;February2024;1,001respondents;18yearsandolderSource(s):GallupKoreaCHAPTER

06WomeninpoliticsShareoffemaleministersinSouthKoreafrom2008to2023ShareoffemaleministersinSouthKorea2008-202335%30%25%20%15%10%5%33.3%27.8%2