常见介词的用法

常见介词的用法云南省巧家县第二中学（原巧家五中）潘华祥（654600）介词属虚词，不能单独使用,必须和名词、代词或动名词构成介词短语，在句中做表语，定语、状语、补语等成分。根据介词的用法，通常可以分为：时间、地点、趋向和其他四类介词。一、表示时间的介词

1）、时间三姐妹at,in,on.at常用于“在几点几分”如：at7:00am/pm及某些固定法如：atnoon,atnight中；②in表“在某年、某月、某季节”及泛指“在上午／下午／晚上”如：in2006,insummer,inthemorning/afternoon/evening,③on表“在某天及某天的上午／下午／晚上”如：onSunday,onMay2nd,onMondaymorning,onawarmmorning,onthemorningofJuly1st2）、时间的前后after,beforeEg.Don’tsaythatbeforeyoulookatthepicture.Afterfourdays,shecametoadeepriver.3）、时间的期限by,till/untilEg.BythetimeIarrived,shehadalreadygone. Iwon’tbefreetill/untilSaturdayafternoon3）、时间的期限by,till,untilEg.BythetimeIarrived,shehadalreadygone. Iwon’tbefreetillSaturdayafternoon.4）、时间的期间for,duringEg.Florenceoftenworkedfortwenty-fourhourswithoutrest.Duringthelifetimeofoneman,itoftenhappensalotofthings.5）、时间的起点from,sinceEg.Theworkerswasmadetoworkfrom7inthemorningto7intheevening.Sincethattime,myeyeshadneverbeenverygood.6）、时间的经过in,withinEg.Iheardthatshewouldbebackinamonth.Inthisway,themessagewouldbesent500kmswithinafewhours.二、地点和方位的介词1、里面上面in和on,over,under上下方,at在某一地点上。2、infrontof前,behind后,inthemiddleof在中央。3、between两者,among仨,around表示在四方。4、来自from,朝向to,从中穿过用through,表面跨过用across,沿着----走用along.5、到上面onto,进里面into,在旁边用beside,在附近用near(by).三、表示手段和材料等的介词1）byEg.Whatdoyoumeanbythisword？Iprefertravelingbytrain.2）with—withoutEg.Thereisacupwiththreelegs.Youcouldcutitwithaknife.Iwentshoppingwithmymother.Shecan’tfinishherhomeworkwithouttheteacher’shelp.四、其它介词。1.with（１）在一起;（２）有;（３）用某种工具in用什么材料或语言，或表示衣着，声调特点等by用…手段２.like象…一样as作为；按照，象…一样（连词）＋句子３．for（１）为了（表示目的或原因）（２）（后面加一段时间）表示时间段4.against反对except，insteadof5.about关于6.动词＋介词/副词”短语的区别•turnon/off/up/down;lookat/for/after/over/up;puton/up/away/down;beusedfor/as/by;bemadeby/in/of/from例如：What’sthisinEnglish?Thegirlalwaystalks_in_atiredvoice.Theboyinajacketismybrother.Weareforpeace(和平)againstwar.（战争）AlltheboysarehereexceptTom.介词用法口诀(一)早、午、晚要用in，at黎明、午夜、点与分。年、月、年月、季节、周，阳光、灯、影、衣、冒in。将来时态in...以后，小处at大处in。注：①inthemorning/afternoon/eveninginthedayatdawn/daybreak(黎明)atnoonatnightatmidnight②in2006,inJuly,insummer③Don'treadindim（暗淡的）light.inthebrightsunlightthewomaninwhite(black,red,yellow)inbrownshoes

④Theywillcomebackin10days.I'llcomeroundinadayortwo.We’llbebackinnotime.Comeandseemeintwodays’time.⑤inChinainBeijingatQiaojia介词用法口诀(二)•in…(从现在开始)after...(从过去开始)有形with无形by，语言、单位、材料in;特征、方面与方式、心情、成语惯用in

介词at、to表方向，攻击、位置、善、恶、分日子、日期、年月日，星期加上早午晚;以下皆用on•onthesecondofJanuary或onJanuarythesecond•onasummerevening•onNewYear‘sDay•onmybirthday五、易混淆介词及词组归类1、in＋段时间，与将来时连用，表过一段时间之后{＋段时间，与过去时连用，表过一段时间之后{afterafter＋点时间，与将来时连用，表多少时间之后Eg.Hewillbebackafterthreeo’clock.Hewillbebackinafewminutes.Hecamebackafterthreedays.2.intheeastof（内含）（根据数学中两圆关系的判断）totheeastof（相离）ontheeastof（外切）3inthetree（表示树上不能生长的东西）onthetree（表示能在树上生长的东西）4.inthewall（在墙的内部）onthewall（在墙的表面）由什么材料组成}由什么材料组成}5.bemadeof(看得出原材料)bemadefrom（看不得出原材料）bemadein在哪里制造bemadeby由什么人制造6.beusedfor被用来做什么beusedas被当作什么来使用beusedby由什么人来用usedto过去常常做某事7.goon继续goondoingsth/goonwithsth接着做相同的事goontodosth继续做不同的事六、在下列情况下，时间状语前不用介词：当时间状语是today,tonight,yesterday,thedaybeforeyesterday,yesterdaymorning/afternoon/evening,tomorrow,tomorrowmorning/afternoon/evening等时。Shewenttotheparkyesterday.I’llbefreetomorrowmorning.2.含有this,that,these,those,last,next,every,each等的时间状语不用介词。Wearegoingtoplaybasketballthisafternoon.IsawhiminthestreetlastSunday.Mymothergetsupearlyeverymorning.Weareworkingonthefarmthesedays.3.以all开头的时间状语。如：allday,allweek,allyear等前面不用介词。Hewasbusyalldayyesterday.Shewasillinbedallweek.4.以some,any,one等构成的时间状语前不用介词。Youwillfeelsorryforitsomeday.Youcancomeandaskmeanytimeyoulike.Thishappenedonewintermorning.•注意：当one变成a时，往往就要用介词on。•Thishappenedonawinter’smorning.Exercise:Fillintheblankswiththerightprepositions1)Shewasborn_______themorningofApril22,1987.2)Isthereareportaboutthebadweather_______today’snewspaper?3)Go_______thebridge,you’llfindthemuseumonyourlefthandside.4)Say“please!”whenyouask______somebody.5)_______thetimeIarrived,thetrainhadgone.6)Wevisitedhimathisworkplace_________theyoungtrees.7)Theartisthasfinisheddrawingthehorse__________fiveminutes.8)SometimesMarycouldhearplanes_________thetrees.9)MaLiliargued________herbestfriendyesterday.10)Thereisawidebridge________the