江苏省南通市海安市海安高级中学高三下第一次测试新高考英语试题及答案解析

江苏省南通市海安市海安高级中学高三下第一次测试新高考英语试题注意事项1．考生要认真填写考场号和座位序号。2．试题所有答案必须填涂或书写在答题卡上，在试卷上作答无效。第一部分必须用2B铅笔作答；第二部分必须用黑色字迹的签字笔作答。3．考试结束后，考生须将试卷和答题卡放在桌面上，待监考员收回。第一部分（共20小题，每小题1.5分，满分30分）1．Theshockingnewsmademerealize______terribleproblemswewouldface.A.that B．how C．what D．why2．—Oh,myGod!What’swrongwithyou?—Iwasgoingthenormalspeedlimitwhenatruckappearedinfrontofme________andIdidn'thavetimetostop.A．betweenthelines B．aroundtheclockC．outoftheblue D．overthemoon3．—Ifeltitverydifficulttocarryontheworkallbymyself.—Icouldhavehelpedyou,butyou_____meto.A．hadn’tasked B．didn’task C．haven’tasked D．don’task4．Thelittlegirl________aforeignlanguagefairlyquickly.A．pickedup B．gotup C．steppedup D．madeup5．CouldIspeakto__________isinchargeofInternationalSalesplease?A．who B．whatC．whoever D．whatever6．—Mycomputerisoutoffunctionagain.—Youneedtogotothecustomerservicecenterandhaveit________.A．torepairB．repairC．repairingD．repaired7．Afteralongabsence,Iwentbacktocollege,_______topickupwhereI’dleftoff.A．hoping B．hopeC．tohope D．hoped8．---Whereisyournewhomenow?---Inthenewdevelopedzone.ButI______downtownforfiveyears.A．lived B．hadlivedC．havelived D．wasliving9．–What’sthatnoise?–Oh,Iforgottotellyou.Thenewmachine______.A．wastested B．willbetestedC．isbeingtested D．hasbeentested10．Wehavestrong________forbelievingthatthenewly-inventedmaterialisnotonlypopularbutalsoamonumenttotheeco-friendlylifestyle.A．grounds B．reasons C．causes D．purposes11．AfternineyearsworkingtoprotectSiberiantigers,YangJun_____hiseffortsrecognizedattheannualawardceremonyinBeijingwherehewasnameda"wildlifeprotector".A．had B．hadhadC．hashad D．has12．--IhaveheardMr.Morganwillbehereat4:00pm.nextThursday.--No,he_______atthattime.A．wasboarding B．wouldbeboardingC．willbeboarding D．isboarding13．Justasthefamousman_____it,“Anythingonemancanimagine,othermencanmake____real.”A．says,it B．put,/ C．says,/ D．put,them14．Havinglostsomethinginthecloakroom，Iwentinsidetogetit，andfoundRoy________thepocketsofpeople’scoats.A．goingaround B．goingafterC．goingagainst D．goingthrough15．Moreandmorecollegegraduates,thesurveyshows,feelithardtofindasatisfactoryjob.A．what B．who C．as D．that16．“Drive-ins”havelargeparkinglots________customersareservedintheircarsbywaitresses.A．who B．when C．which D．where17．Natureisunderstandableinthesense______shewillanswertrulyandrewardwithdiscoverieswhenweaskherquestionsviaobservation.A．that B．whereC．how D．what18．Nowadayswiththedevelopmentofscience,moreandmorenewtechnology____tothefieldsofIT.A．hasintroduced B．wasintroducedC．willintroduce D．isbeingintroduced19．Kateaskedthegirlstososhecouldhearwhatherhusbandsaidonthephone.A．slowdown B．comedown C．settledown D．breakdown20．Iwasonabusinesstripthen,otherwiseI________tothehospitalfortests.A．went B．hadgoneC．wouldhavegone D．wouldgo第二部分阅读理解（满分40分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。21．（6分）Whales,sealsandwalrusesstaywarmincoldwaterbecausetheyhaveathicklayerofblubber.Wehumansrelyonsomethinglikeblubber—neoprenerubberwetsuits—tospendtimeincoldwater.Butthethickversionsforreallyicywaterareheavyandclumsy.Soratherthantakingafterbigmarinemammals,whatifwecouldlearnfromthelittlerones,likebeaversandotters?“Theseanimalsarequitesmallandtheycan’tcarryaroundathicklayerofblubber.Soinsteadtheyhavefurthatisevolvedtotrapair,andthisairprovidesalayerofinsulationfortheminwater.”AliceNastoisagraduatestudentinmechanicalengineeringatMIT.Scientistshaveknownaboutthisair-trappinginsulationmechanismforalongtime,buttheyhadnotteasedoutthedetailsofhowitworks.SoNastoandhercolleaguestookonthechallenge.“We’recreatingthesefurrysamplesfromtheserubberymaterialsbylasercuttingmoldsandcastingthesehairysurfaces.Andthroughourapproachwecanpreciselycontrolthespacingofthehairsandthelengthofthehairs.”Theresearchersthencreatedasystemtogatherdatawhentheirpelts(毛皮)enteredandmovedthroughaliquid—inthiscasenotwater,butsiliconeoil,whichmakesiteasiertoseeairbubbles.Thekeyistokeepthepelt’sairlayerintact(完好的).“Sowhenthey’recrossingtheairwaterinterface,initiallytheirhairytextureisfullofair.Andthenyougointowater.Howmuchoftheaircomesdownwithyouasyou’removinginthroughtheinterface.Sothat’swhatthismodelwilltellyou.”Theyfoundthatthedenserthehairs,themoretheairgetstrapped，whichshouldkeeptheanimal—orpotentiallythehumaninafuturefurrywetsuit—warm.TheresearchisinthejournalPhysicalReviewFluids.“Whatwewouldliketoworkonmovingforwardisunderstanding,afteryoudiveintothewater,howdoyoumaintainthisairlayertrappedinyourfur.Andthere’slotsofinterestingpropertiesofthefurinnaturethatwehaven’tyetlookedatinourmodelthatcouldhelpexplainhowthismechanismmightwork.”Sofornow,cold-waterdiversandsurferswillstillemulatesealsorsealions.Butthedaymaycomewhenthey’llmorecloselyresembleottersorbeavers.1、Whatcanmakelittlermammalskeepwarmincoldwater?A．Anair-trappinginsulationmechanism.B．Athicklayerofblubber.C．Afurthatisevolvedtotrapair.D．Aneoprenerubberwetsuit.2、Nastoandhercolleagueshaverevealed_______________.A．thedenserthehairs,themoretheaircanbecarriedwith.B．thewaythisair-trappinginsulationmechanismworks.C．howtheairlayertrappedinthefurismaintainedinwater.D．theexistenceoftheair-trappinginsulationmechanism.3、Thepassageismostprobablytakenfrom______________.A．anewspaperB．atravelbookC．amedicalreportD．asciencemagazine4、Whatisthebesttitleforthepassage?A．AFantasticLayerofFurB．AnImportantResearchC．AWonderfulMechanismD．AGraduate’sChallenge22．（8分）AsmillionsofAmericanscrowdintothegymarmedwithNewYear’sresolutionstogetinshape,medicalexpertsareofferinganadditionalreasonforexercise:Regularworkoutsmayhelpfightoffcoldsandflu,reducetheriskofcertaincancersandchronicdiseasesandslowtheprocessofaging.Physicalactivitieshavelongbeenknowntohelpmaintainahealthyweightandreducestress.Now,agrowingbodyofresearchisshowingthatregularexercise—assimpleasabrisk30-to-45-minutewalkfivetimesaweek—canboostthebody’simmunesystem,increasingthecirculationofnaturalkillercellsthatfightoffvirusesandbacteria.Andexercisehasbeenshowntoimprovethebody’sresponsetotheinfluenzavaccine(疫苗),makingitmoreeffectiveatkeepingthevirusatbay.Medicalexpertswarninactivityposesasgreatahealthriskassmoking,resultinginheartdisease,cancer,depression,anddiabetes.TheCentersforDiseaseControlandPreventionsaysquiteafewU.S.adultsdonotengageinanyleisure-timephysicalactivity.Evenslimpeoplewhoareinactiveareathighriskofdeathanddisease.Sowhilereducingobesityisanimportantgoal,“thebettermessagewouldbetogeteveryonetowalk30minutesaday”saysRobertSallis,co-directorofsportsmedicineatFontanaMedicalCenter.“Wefinditnecessarytorefocusthenationalmessageonphysicalactivity,whichcanhaveabiggereffectonhealththanlosingweight.”Regularexercisehasbeenshowntopreventtheongoingdamagedonetocells,tissuesandorgansthatunderliesmanychronicconditions.Buildingonthatearlierresearch,scientificstudiesarenowsuggestingthatexercise-inducedchangesinthebody’simmunesystemmayprotectagainstsomeformsofcancer.Researchersarealsoinvestigatingwhetherexercisecaninfluenceaginginthebody.Inparticular,theyarelookingatwhetherexerciselengthenstelomeres,thestrandsofDNAatthetipsofchromosomes.Whentelomeresgettooshort,cellscannolongerdivideandtheybecomeinactive,aprocessassociatedwithaging,cancerandahigherriskofdeath.Astudy,publishedinCirculation,themedicaljournaloftheAmericanHeartAssociation,concludedthatphysicalactivityhasananti-agingeffectatthecellularlevel,suggestingexercisecouldpreventagingofthecardiovascular(心脑血管)system.Theguidelines,developedbytheDepartmentofHealthandHumanServices,recommendthatadultsgetatleasttwohoursand30minutesweeklyofmoderate-intensityaerobic(有氧的)physicalactivity,oronehourand15minutesaweekofvigorous-intensityaerobicexercise,oranequivalentcombinationofboth.Theguidelinesalsosaythatadditionalhealthbenefitscanbeobtainedfromasmuchasdoublingtheminimumrecommendationforaerobicexercise.1、WhatisthemainpurposeofmanyAmericanswhotakeexercise?A．Tohaveagoodfigure.B．Tomakethemstrong-minded.C．Tocuresomecommondiseases.D．Topreventthemselvesgettingold.2、Itcanbeinferredfromthepassagethat__________.A．naturalkillercellsstrengthenthebody’simmunesystemB．regularexercisecanremovethevirusesandbacteriaC．obesityhasbecomeasocialprobleminAmericaD．Americanpeopleneedtoattachmoreimportancetophysicalexercise3、Howcanphysicalactivitystopaging?A．Bypreventingcelldivision.B．Bygettingridofagingcells.C．Bymakingtelomereslonger.D．Byrepairingthedamagedorgans.4、Whatmightbethebesttitleforthepassage?A．NewStudiesaboutPhysicalExerciseB．TheHiddenBenefitsofExerciseC．HowtoFreeOurselvesfromDiseases?D．LoseWeightorKeepHealthy?23．（8分）Flyingdowna488-meter-longslideprovidesplentyofexcitementformostpeople.Butforthosewholikemoreextremeadventures,Nicaraguaoffersanevenmoreexcitingslideexperience.Thethoughtofracingdownanactivevolcanowithonlyaboardisenoughtogetmostpeoplehotunderthecollar.Butforthrill-seekingsportsfanatics,boardingdowna2,380-foot-highvolcanoatthespeedof80km/histhecoolestsportaround.ThousandsoftravelersareheadingtothefoothillsofNicaragua’sCerroNegrototakepartinthenewsportingcraze(狂热).Surfers,dressedinprotectivejumpsuits,knee-padsandhelmets,receivebriefinstructionsandthentryslidingdownashortslope(斜坡).Afterthat,it’stimefortherealthing.Sittingontheirspecially-constructedboards,surferspushoffandflystraightdowna488-meter-longslope.Theblackvolcanicashprovidesadusty,dirtyride.Butboardersusuallyarriveatthebottomwithsmilesontheirfaces.PhillipSouthan,ownerandmanagerofBigfootHostelandGreenPathwaysTours,said,"Westartedofferingthistripin2005andithasbecomesopopular.Thisisauniquetourasnowhereelseintheworldcanyouboarddownanactivevolcano.""Whatweofferisatourforeveryonewithabsolutelynoexperience.Oneofthegreatestattractionsofthetouristhatyougetabitofeverything.Since2005,morethan10,000peoplehavetraveledtoCerroNegrotogiveitatry.""Whenyouareonthetopyouwillhavetheopportunitytostandnearthecrater(火山口)andseeasmokingvolcano.Butthebiggestriskisthatyouwilltakethechanceofgettingsomescratchesifyoufallover.""Manyyearsofexperiencehastakenthistourtoalevelwhereitissafebutstillfunandforsomepeoplealittlefrightening.Wearealwaysworkingonwaystocontinueimprovingitforthefuture."1、WhichwordscanbestdescribetheslideinCerroNegro?A．Securebuttiring. B．Enjoyablebutrisky.C．Popularbutdemanding. D．Worthwhilebutpainful.2、Whatdoestheunderlinedwords"therealthing"inparagraph2referto?A．Slidingdownthevolcanicslope.B．Escapingtheblackvolcanicash.C．Headingtothemountaintopalone.D．Receivingprofessionalslideinstructions3、InwhatwayistheslideinCerroNegrospecial?A．Itisavailabletoeveryone.B．Ithasthelongestslopeworldwide.C．Itisbasedonanactivevolcano.D．Itoffersspecially-constructedboards.4、WhatmakestheslideinCerroNegrorelativelysafeaccordingtoPhillipSouthan?A．High-techsafetyfacilities.B．Knowledgeandskillsfrompractice.C．Advancedtrainingguidanceontheslide.D．Staff’sfamiliaritywiththesurroundings.24．（8分）Your2018ReadingList,ProvidedbyBillGatesMostofuscan’tlivelikebillionaireMicrosoftco-founderBillGates,butwecanreadlikehim.Gatesrecommendedfourbooksin2018—thoughsomewerepublishedearlier.LeonardodaVinci,byWalterIsaacson(2017)ThebestsellingbiographerofSteveJobsandAlbertEinsteinresearcheddeeplyintodaVinci’scontributionsbeyondart,highlightingthebreadthofhisscientific,technological,andcreativeoutput.“Leonardonearlyunderstoodalmostallofwhatwasknownontheplanetatthetime.That’smostlybecauseofhiscuriosityabouteveryareaofnaturalscienceandthehumanexperience,”saidGates.TheBestWeCouldDo:AnIllustratedMemoir,byThiBui(2017)Gatescallsthisgraphicnovel“reallyimpressive”.BuiisthedaughterofVietnameserefugeeswhocametoAmericaafterthefallofSaigon,andbecomingaparentinspiredhertolookintoherownparents’miserablehistory.“IwasstruckbyhowtheexperiencesBuiillustratesmanagetobebothuniversalandspecifictotheircircumstances,”saidGates.LincolnintheBardo,byGeorgeSaunders(2018)Saunders,along-timeshortstorywriter,wonhighpraiseforthisnovel.Thebookimaginestheghoststhathaunt(萦绕)thebasementofWillieLincoln,AbrahamLincoln’sson,whodiedat11inreallife.“Willie’sdeathaftertheCivilWarmadethepresidenthaveanewunderstandingofthegriefhe’screatinginotherfamiliesbysendingtheirsonsofftodieinbattle,”saidGates.OriginStory:ABigHistoryofEverything,byDavidChristian(2018)ThisnewbookisbythecreatorofBigHistory,afree,onlinesocialstudiescourse.Ittraceshistoryinwide,sweepingmovements,startingwiththeBigBang,anditprovides,ineffect,ashortcourseinmodernscience.Thisisabriefhistoryoftheuniverse.“DavidgetsalittlestuckonthecurrenteconomicandpoliticalproblemsintheWest,andIwishhetalkedmoreabouttheroleinnovationwillplayinpreventingtheworsteffectsofclimatechange,”saidGates.1、Whichbooksrefertothefieldofscience?A．OriginStoryandLeonardodaVinci.B．LincolnintheBardoandOriginStory.C．LeonardodaVinciandTheBestWeCouldDo.D．TheBestWeCouldDoandLincolnintheBardo.2、Ifyouareinterestedinthrillers,whosebookwillyoumostprobablychoose?A．WalterIsaacson. B．ThiBui.C．GeorgeSaunders. D．DavidChristian.3、WhichofthefollowingstatementsisTRUE?A．TheBestWeCouldDoisanautobiography.B．LincolnintheBardohasbeenwarmlyreceived.C．DavidChristiantalksmuchaboutthepartthatinnovationwillplay.D．ReaderscanonlyreadaboutLeonardodaVinci’scontributionstowardsart.25．（10分）Regardlessofhowfarwe’dliketobelievegender（性别）equalityintheworkplacehascome,there’sstillayawninggapbetweenmaleandfemaleleadersintheprofessionalworld.A2018statisticshowsthatwomennowadaysholdjust5.8percentofCEOspositionsatS&P500companies,accordingtoCatalyst.Whileit’snotahugeshockthatwomenaresomewhatunderrepresentedinleadershippositions,whatissurprisingthough,isthefactthatfemalesmayactuallybebettersuitedtoleadinalmosteveryarea,atleastaccordingtonewfindingsfromtheBINorwegianBusinessSchool.Intheirresearch,ProfessorOyvindL.MartinsenandProfessorLarsGlassurveyed(调查)2,900managerswithaspecialfocusonpersonalitytypes.Theresultswereclear:Womenscoredhigherthanmeninfourofthefivemajorleadership-centriccategories.Whilesomepeoplebelievethatmen

inherently

makebetterleaders—probablybecausetheypicturealeaderwithacommandingvoice,whichismoretypicalofmenthanwomen—thispieceofresearchsuggeststhatwomenarebetteratmethodicalmanagementandgoal-setting,openness,sociabilityandsupportiveness,aswellasabilitytocommunicateclearly.Therewasoneareainwhichmenscoredhigherthanwomen,though,andthatwasonemotionalstabilityandabilitytofacejob-relatedpressureandstress.Theresultssuggestthatwomenaremoresensitivetotheeffectsofhigh-pressureorhighlyemotionalsituations.Obviously,it’simportanttoconsiderindividual(个人的)differences.Anyone,regardlessofgender,maybeaninspiringleaderandacompetentboss.Butnexttimeyou’rehiringforamanagementposition,youjustmightwanttogivetheresumes(简历)fromfemalecandidatesaharderlook.1、（小题1）Whatmakesusshockedmuchatleadershippositions?A．Womenareworsethanmen.B．Mentakealmostallhighpositions.C．Thereisahugegapbetweengenders.D．Womenmightbehavebetterinnearlyeveryfield.2、（小题2）Whichofthefollowingcanbestreplacetheunderlinedword“inherently”inParagraph4?A．properlyB．potentiallyC．naturallyD．normally3、（小题3）Whichofthefollowingmaybethebesttitleofthistext?A．HowWeCanFigureOutTheBossB．WhyWomenAreBetterThanMenC．WhyWomenMakeTheBestBossesD．HowWeCanTellGenderDifference4、（小题4）Whomighthavespecialinterestinthisarticle?A．Jobhunters.B．Employers.C．Employees.D．Malebosses.第三部分语言知识运用（共两节）第一节（每小题1.5分，满分30分）阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项．26．（30分）Stevewasaseventhgrader,abigboy,lookingmorelikeateenagerthana12-year-old.Yet,hewentunnoticed--hehadbeen1everyexaminationsincefirstgrade一untilMissWilma.Inthemiddleofthefirstsemesterofschool,theentireseventhgradewas2forbasicskills.“Youalldidprettywell,"MissWilmatoldtheclassaftergoingoverthe3"exceptforoneboy.Andit4myhearttotellyouthis,but.."she5，“thesmartestboyintheseventhgradeisfailingmyclass."Steve6hiseyesancarefullyexaminedhisfingertips.Afterthat,Stevestillwouldn'tdohishomework.EvenifMissWilma7punishedhim,heremained8“Steve,please!Icareaboutyou!”9,Stevegotit!“SomeoneCARESABOUTME?!”OneMondayacoupleofweekslater,MissWilmagavea10ontheweekendhomework.Steve11throughthetestandwasthefirsttohandinhispaper.Withalookof12，MissWilma1ookhispaperandbegantolookitover.MissWilma'sfacewasin13shock!SheglancedupatSteve,then14,thenup.Thesmartestboyintheseventhgradehadjustpassedhisfirsttest!Fromthatmoment,nothingwasthesameforSteve.Hediscoveredthatnotonlycouldherememberandunderstand15,buthecouldtranslatewhathelearnedintohislife.Hebecame16，Afterhighschool,SteveenlistedintheNavy,andhehada(n)17militarycareer.Duringhisnavalyears,heinspiredmanyyoungpeoplewhomightnothave18themselveswithouthim.A19tookplacewithintheheartofaboyallbecauseofoneteacher,who20.1、A．missingB．failingC．passingD．skipping2、A．testedB．classifiedC．separatedD．dismissed3、A．questionsB．effectsC．lessonsD．results4、A．fillsB．pressesC．breaksD．destroys5、A．shoutedB．hesitatedC．interruptedD．laughed6、A．droppedB．raisedC．coveredD．closed7、A．strangelyB．steadilyC．severelyD．secretly8、A．helplessB．stubbornC．flexibleD．crazy9、A．CommonlyB．UnwillinglyC．ParticularlyD．Suddenly10、A．quizB．chanceC．speechD．presentation11、A．sleptB．lookedC．livedD．hurried12、A．disappointmentB．surpriseC．satisfactionD．inspiration13、A．betterB．totalC．preciousD．ridiculous14、A．downB．awayC．outD．back15、A．homeworkB．gradesC．knowledgeD．subjects16、A．outstandingB．lazyC．roughD．troublesome17、A．tiringB．ordinaryC．hardworkingD．successful18、A．reliedonB．lookedafterC．turnedtoD．believedin19、A．competitionB．choiceC．changeD．campaign20、A．waitedB．listenedC．wishedD．cared第二节（每小题1.5分，满分15分）阅读下面材料，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。27．（15分）Animalwelfareisagrowingconcernintoday’s1．(social).Manypeoplethinkthatitiscrueltoremoveanimalsfromtheir2．(nature)habitatandkeepthemincagesforthepublictolookat.Ananimal3．(keep)inazoowillleadadifferentlifefromananimalthat4．(live)inthewild.What’smore,someanimalsbecameunhappyinthezoos5．thereisn’tenoughspace.Ontheotherhand,atriptothezoocanbe6．educationalexperience.Whenstudentslearnaboutendangeredspeciesandareabletoseetheminazoo,theyaremorelikelytosupportprojectsdesigned7．(save)theseanimals.Duetosomeillegalactions,therearemanyspecieswhichwoulddieoutiftheyweren’tkeptinzoos.Everyzoohasa8．(slight)differentapproachtoanimalcareandwelfare,butoverallIthinkzoosaregoodplaces.9．(see)animalsintheirnaturalhabitatisn’talwayspossibleandIthinkzoosofferagoodalternative.Atrip10．thezooisbotheducationalandfun—I’llsurelycontinuetovisitzoos.第四部分写作（共两节）第一节短文改错（满分10分）28．（10分）假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文，请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。文中共有10处语言错误，每句中最多有两处。每处错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。增加：在缺词处加一个漏字符号(∧)，并在其下面写出该加的词。删除：把多余的词用斜线(＼)划掉。修改：在错的词下划一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词。注意：1．每处错误及其修改均仅限一词；2、只允许修改10处，多者(从第11处起)不计分。Thepersonwhotouchedmemostisanunknownlady.Istudyinacityschoolbutlivesinavillage15kilometersaway.Oneafternoon,Ireceiveacallfrommyfamilysayingmymomwasseriousill.Ihurriedtothebusstation,onlyfindthelastbushadleft.Feelanxious,Idecidedtowalkhome.Ont