任务精读：出渣运输技术（双语）课件讲解

隧道施工技术出渣运输技术TunnelConstructionTechnologyMuckTransportationTechnology出渣运输技术目录TableofContentsMuckTransportationTechnology装渣Muckloading1运渣Mucktransportation2卸渣Muckunloading3课程小结4Summary出渣运输技术

MuckTransportationTechnologyClassIntroduction在整个掘进循环中，装渣运输占用的比例一般为35％～50％。因此加快隧道的出渣运输速度是隧道施工进度控制的重点。

Inthewholetunnelingcycle,theoccupationproportionofmuckloadingandtransportationisgenerally35%~50%.Therefore,speedingupthemucktransportationspeedofthetunnelisthekeypointoftunnelconstructionprogresscontrol.出渣运输技术MuckTransportationTechnology

要提高隧道施工速度，要根据条件和可能尽量选择一些高效率的装渣运输机具，并压缩各工序的时间，对干扰较大的工序做到合理组织，妥善安排，这样才能加快施工进度。

Toimprovethespeedoftunnelconstruction,somehigh-efficiencymuckloadingandtransportationmachinesandtoolsshallbeselectedasfaraspossibleaccordingtotheconditionsandpossibilities,andthetimerequiredbyeachprocedureshallbereduced.Reasonableorganizationandproperarrangementshallbemadefortheprocedureswithgreatinterference,soastospeeduptheconstructionprogress.出渣运输技术MuckTransportationTechnology首先，我们要进行出渣运输设备的选择，而出渣运输设备的选择需要了解开挖出渣土的速度及数量。

First,weshouldselectthemucktransportationequipment.Theselectionofmucktransportationequipmentrequiresanunderstandingofthespeedandquantityofmuckexcavation.装渣MuckLoading01出渣运输技术MuckTransportationTechnology装渣Muckloading出渣量MuckingvolumeMuckvolumecalculationformula:Z=RKLS渣量计算公式：Z=RKLSZ—单循环爆破后石渣量Zistheamountofrockballastaftersingle-cycleblastingR—岩体松胀系数RistheexpansioncoefficientofrockmassK—超挖系数Kistheover-excavationcoefficient,L—设计循环进尺ListhedesigncyclicfootageS—开挖断面面积Sistheexcavationsectionarea岩体级别

RockmassgradeVIVIVIIIIII土石名称

Earth-rockname砂砾

Sandgravel粘性土

Cohesivesoil砂夹卵石

Sandmixedwithpebble硬粘土

Hardclay石质

Rock石质

Rock石质

Rock石质

Rock松膨系数

Expansioncoefficient1.151.251.301.351.61.71.81.85出渣运输技术MuckTransportationTechnology装渣Muckloading装渣生产率

装渣机的选择：按装岩机的实际生产率大于需要的装渣生产率，装岩机的实际生产率仅为理论生产率的1/5～1/3。MuckloadingproductivityMuckvolumecalculationformula:A_b=K∆DS/720RλSelectionofamuckloader:Accordingtothefactthattheactualproductivityoftherockloaderisgreaterthantherequiredmuckloadingproductivity,theactualproductivityoftherockloaderisonly1/5~1/3ofthetheoreticalproductivity.出渣运输技术MuckTransportationTechnology装渣Muckloading据隧道断面的大小、长短、工期要求，还有施工单位现有的机械设备等条件综合来选择出渣运输设备，装渣机械按其扒渣机构型式可分为：

Accordingtothesize,lengthandconstructionperiodrequirementsofthetunnelsection,aswellastheexistingmechanicalequipmentoftheConstructionContractor,themucktransportationequipmentcanbecomprehensivelyselected.Accordingtothetypeofmucking-offmechanism,themuck-loadingmachinecanbedividedinto:挖斗式Buckettype铲斗式Shoveltype蟹爪式Crab-clawtype立爪式Vertical-clawtype出渣运输技术MuckTransportationTechnology装渣Muckloading挖斗式装渣机Bucket-typemuckloader它的设备装渣能力灵活，且可以下挖3m和兼作高8m范围内清理工作面及找顶工作。出渣速度一般，常用于较大断面的隧道装渣作业。

Itsequipmenthasaflexiblemuckloadingcapacity,andcanbeusedfordigging3mdownandcleaningtheworkingfaceandcarryingouttopcleaningwithintheheightof8m.Themuckingspeedisaverage,anditisoftenusedformuckloadingoperationswithlargetunnelsection.出渣运输技术MuckTransportationTechnology装渣Muckloading铲斗式装渣机Shovel-typemuckloader而铲斗式装渣机多采用轮胎走行，也有采用履带走行或轨道走行的，铲取力强，铲斗容量大，装渣速度快，但燃油废气污染洞内空气，须配备净化器或加强隧道通风，常用于较大断面的隧道装渣作业。

However,mostoftheshovel-typemuckloaderstravelwithtires,andsomeofthemalsotravelwithcrawlerbeltsortracks.thasstrongshovelingforce,largeshovelcapacityandfastmuck-loadingspeed,butthefuelexhaustgaswillpollutetheairinthetunnel.Therefore,purifiersmustbeprovidedortunnelventilationmustbestrengthened.Itisoftenusedformuckloadingoperationswithlargetunnelsection.出渣运输技术MuckTransportationTechnology装渣Muckloading蟹爪式装渣机

crab-clawmuckloader多采用履带走行，是一种连续装渣机。因受蟹爪拨渣限制，岩渣块度较大时，其工作效率降低，主要用于块度较小的岩渣及土的装渣作业。

Itisakindofcontinuousmuckloader,whichmostlytravelswithcrawlerbelts.Duetothemucking-offlimitationofthecrabclaw,whenthelumpinessofrockmuckislarge,itsworkingefficiencyisreduced.Itismainlyusedformuckloadingofrockmuckandsoilwithsmalllumpiness.出渣运输技术MuckTransportationTechnology装渣Muckloading立爪式装渣机vertical-clawmuckloader立爪扒渣对岩渣的块度大小适应性强，但是速度较慢，其工作宽度可达到3.8m，工作长度可达到前方3.0m。

Themucking-offoftheverticalclawhasstrongadaptabilitytothelumpinessofrockmuck,butthespeedisslow.Theworkingwidthcanreach3.8mandtheworkinglengthcanreach3.0mahead.大斗容的挖装机装载机出渣运输技术MuckTransportationTechnology装渣Muckloading隧道采用全断面开挖装渣时应采用大斗容的挖装机或装载机；若采用台阶法施工的上部宜采用长臂挖掘机扒渣，而下部采用铲斗式、挖斗式装渣机装渣。

Whenthefull-faceexcavationandmuckloadingisadoptedforthetunnel,themuckingloaderorloaderwithlargebucketcapacityshallbeused;Ifthebenchcutmethodisadoptedforconstruction,themucking-offoftheupperpartshallbecarriedoutwiththelong-armexcavator,andthemuckloadingofthelowerpartshallbecarriedoutwiththeshovel-typeandbucket-typemuckloader.出渣运输技术

MuckTransportationTechnology隧道运输方式有轨运输无轨运输TunneltransportationmodeTrackTransportationTracklessTransportation运渣MuckTransportation02出渣运输技术MuckTransportationTechnology运渣MuckTransportation有轨运输TrackTransportation优点：有轨运输基本上不排出有害气体，空气污染较轻，设备构造简单，容易制作；占用空间小且固定等。Advantages:thetracktransportationbasicallydoesnotexhaustharmfulgases,withlessairpollution,simpleequipmentstructureandeasymanufacture;Itoccupiessmallspaceanditisfixed.缺点：轨道铺设较复杂，维修工作量大；调车作业复杂；开挖面延伸轨道影响正常装渣作业等。Thedisadvantageisthatthetracklayingiscomplicated,themaintenanceworkloadisheavy,theshuntingoperationiscomplex,andthetrackextensionontheexcavationsurfaceaffectsthenormalmuckloadingoperation,etc.出渣运输技术MuckTransportationTechnology运渣MuckTransportation有轨运输TrackTransportation它适用于各种隧道开挖方法，尤其适用于较长的隧道运输，是一种适应性较强和较为经济的运输方式。Itisapplicabletovarioustunnelexcavationmethods,especiallysuitableforlongtunneltransportation,whichisahighlyadaptableandeconomicaltransportationmode.出渣运输技术MuckTransportationTechnology运渣MuckTransportation无轨运输TracklessTransportation优点：不需铺设复杂的运输轨道，运输速度快、管理工作简单、配套设备少。Advantages:forthetracklesstransportation,thelayingofcomplextransportationtracksisnotneeded.Thetransportationspeedisfast,themanagementworkissimple,andthesupportingequipmentisfew.出渣运输技术MuckTransportationTechnology运渣MuckTransportation无轨运输TracklessTransportation缺点：洞内空气污染较为严重，尤其长期在长大隧道中使用，需要有强大的通风设施。Thedisadvantageisthattheairpollutioninthetunnelisserious.Especiallyforthelong-termuseinlongandlargetunnels,powerfulventilationfacilitiesarerequired.出渣运输技术MuckTransportationTechnology运渣MuckTransportation无轨运输TracklessTransportation它一般适用于大断面开挖和短中等长度的隧道。Itisgenerallysuitablefortunnelswithlarge-sectionexcavationandshortandmedium-length.卸渣MuckUnloading03出渣运输技术MuckTransportationTechnology卸渣MuckUnloading为了提高出渣运输速度，在我们选择合适的出渣运输设备后，还需合理进行施工组织：

Inordertoimprovethemucktransportationspeed,Afterweselecttheappropriatemucktransportationequipment,thereasonableconstructionorganizationalsoneedtobeconducted:出渣运输技术MuckTransportationTechnology卸渣MuckUnloading首先，装渣与运输机械选型应遵循挖、装、运机械能力协调配套的原则，其运输机械配置能力不应小于挖装能力的1.2倍。

First,themuckloadingandtransportationmachineryshallbeproperlyselectedtoensureconcordantcapacitiesofexcavation,loading,andtransportationmachinery.Theconfiguredcapacityoftransportationmachineryshallnotbelessthan1.2timesoftheexcavationandloadingcapacity.出渣运输技术MuckTransportationTechnology卸渣MuckUnloading其次，要做好隧道内材料堆放，并及时进行仰拱临时栈桥施工，避免因仰拱的施工影响出渣运输。

Secondly,thematerialsinthetunnelshallbeproperlystacked,andtheconstructionofthetemporaryinvertedarchtrestleshallbecarriedoutintime