2024北京丰台区高二（下）期末英语试题及答案

2024北京丰台高二（下）期末英语笔试(共三部分100分)第一部分知识运用(共两节，30分)第一节(共10小题；每小题1.515分)阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。WhenGertrudeGertrudewasjustanaveragekidwithanaveragelife.Athome,helpedoutjustenoughslideAtschool,shedidjustenoughhomeworktostayoutof1.ShehadstraightC'sinallofherclasses.OnedayGertrude'steacherstoppedherafterclass.“Gertrude,”hesaid,“I'veseentheworkyoudoclass,andsomeofitis2.”Gertrudeknewtheremomentswhenshedidtryalittleharderthanwhateveryone3,likewhentookextratimewithherhomeworktomakeitlookButshedidn'treallybelievethatshecouldchange.Shehaddonejustenoughtowhatevershewanted.4solong.fact,wasscaredbythethoughtofhavingthepowertobecomeThatnight,Gertrudehadadream.Itwastenyearsintothefuture.couldnotfindaveragejob,becauseeventheaveragejobswerebyabove-averageworkers.Gertrudewantedherplace,herownlife.Avoice5spokethedream:“Thepresentisnothingmorethanthe6ofthechoicesmadeinthepast.ThefuturewillonlybetheresultsofthechoiceswemakeGertrudebegancrying,becausesheknewshehadhelped7theworldwhereshelived,andthechoicesshemadehadproducedtheoptionsshehad.Thenextshetriedharderinschool,andshefelt8thanusual.Shehelpedmorearoundthehouse,andshefeltbetterthantypical.thepatternofSuccess9thatofbeingnormalandGertrudeevenbecamegreatfailingbylearningfromhermistakes.yearsGertrudelivedanaveragesizedhouseandshewasjusttheaverageadult.Buther10wasaboveaverage,becauseherlifewashers.1A.orderB.troubleC.sightD.debtB.amusingC.amazingC.expectedD.complainedC.showupD.standoutC.refusedD.valued2.A.challengingD.encouraging3.A.learnedB.insisted4.A.getby5.A.filledB.giveinB.risk6.A.chance7.A.leadC.rewardC.betterD.outcomeD.protectB.shape8.A.smarter9.A.followedB.sadderB.coveredC.calmerD.freerC.producedD.replaced10.A.independenceB.happinessC.confidenceD.gratitude第二节(共10小题；每小题1.515分)阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个恰当的单词，在给出提示词的空白第1页/共页处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。请在答题卡指定区域作答。AJulesregardedasoneofthefathersofsciencefiction.He(pen)54novelsaspartofhis“Extraordinaryseries.Manyofhisstoriesfeatureabrilliantbutmadscientist12inventionsultimatelybringmoreharmthangood.CaptainNemouseshissubmarinetoviolentlyattackships,whileSarrasin'sutopiancity13(become)theofatakeoverplot.Fornaturewasthefactorthatdetermined14technologywouldbeaforceforgoodorasourceofdestruction.BTheInternationalMuseumDayrepresentsauniquemomentfortheinternationalmuseum15(organise)eachyearon18celebrationscanlastaweekendorawholeweek.Onthis16(participate)museumsplancreativeeventsandhighlighttheimportanceoftheroleofmuseumsasinstitutions.Now,participationinInternationalMuseumDay17(grow)amongmuseumsallovertheworld.CThesummersofmychildhoodwere18(stick)hot.Atnight,weranwindowfansandhopedforcoolerthosesummernightspleasantcomparedwiththeextraordinaryheatwavesthissummer,thousandsofnewrecords19(set)notjustfordailyhightemperatures,butalsoforwarmestovernightlows.Hotnightsaredangerous20theyrobpeopleofthechancetocooldownbeforethenextburning第二部分阅读理解(共两节，38分)第一节(共14小题；每小题2分，共分)阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。AStudentInternships2023-2024Alimitednumberofunpaidinternships()areavailableinD.C.withintheU.S.EnvironmentalProtectionofmustbeafull-timeundergraduateorgraduatestudent.Adiversityofcandidateswithinvariousfieldsofstudyencouragedincludingdegreecandidatesthefollowingsubjects:·aquaticmarinescience,environmentalengineering,soilscience,etc·Publichealth,sanitation,environmentaljustice,etc·Publicadministration,finance,management,communications,etc.Candidatesshouldhaveademonstratedinterestorcareergoalsinawater-healthorpublic-healthrelatedfield,includingsustainabilityandresilience.Demandedqualitiesincludestronganalytical,writtenandoralskills,theabilityworkindependentlyandateam,andastrongdesiretotakeinitiative.Thevolunteerinternwillworkforaminimumof12weeksonafull-time(40hoursperweek)orpart-time(20hoursperweek)schedule.Participantswillnotbepaid,butqualifiedapplyatravellingexpense.ParticipantsdonotbecomeemployeesduringtheirApplicationswillbeacceptedonarollingbasis;mostprojectswillariseinternshipopportunities第2页/共页duringtheSummerPleasesubmityourapplicationatleast2monthsbeforeeachsemesterbegins.recognizethattimeframesvarydueclassschedulesandwewillworkwithindividualcandidatestospecifyexacttiminganddurationasgeneraltimeframesbysemesterareasfollows:SummerSemester(lateMaythroughlateAugust)FallSemester(SeptemberthroughDecember)SpringSemester(JanuarythroughApril)emailaresume,coverandashortwritingsample(maximum5pages)to:braschayko.kelley@21.Accordingtothepassage,applicantsarerequiredA.befull-timegraduatestudentsB.speakforeignlanguagefluentlyC.havetheabilitytoworkwithteamsD.majorapublic-healthrelatedfield22.Whatwillprovidethevolunteerinterns?A.Financialsupportfortransport.B.Personalizedworkschedules.C.Aletterofrecommendation.D.Employmentopportunities23.Whatshouldcandidatesdotoapplytheinternship?A.Emailyourinterntimeframes.B.Providethedegreecertificate.inafor12weeksashortwritingsample.BAtanairportIoverheardoldmanandhisdaughterintheirlastmomentsTheyhadannouncedherplane'sdepartureandstandingnearthesaidtohisloveyou,Iwishyouenough.”Shesaid,ourlifetogetherhasbeenmorethanenough.loveisallIeverneeded.Iyouenough,too,Theykissedgood-byeandsheleft.HewalkedovertowardthewindowwhereIwasseated.StandingthereIcouldseehewantedandneededItriednottointrudeonhisbuthewelcomedmeinbyasking,“Didyoueversaygood-byetosomeoneknowingwouldbeforever?”Ihave,”Ireplied.SayingthatbroughtbackmemoriesIhadofexpressingmyloveandappreciationforallDadhaddoneforme.Recognizingthathisdayswerelimited,Itookthetimetotellhimfacetofacehowmuchhemeanttome.SoIknewwhatthismanwasexperiencing.“Forgiveasking,butwhyisthisaforevergood-bye?”Iasked.“IamoldandshelivesmuchtoofarIhavechallengesaheadandtherealityis,hernexttripbackwillbeforfuneral,"said.“Whenyouweresayinggood-byeIheardyouIwishyouenough.’MayIaskwhatthatmeans?”Hebegansmile.“That'sawishthathasbeenhandeddownfromothergenerations.Myparentsusedsayittoeveryone.”Hepausedforamomentandlookingupasiftryingrememberitindetail,hesmiledeven第3页/共页more.“Whenwe'Iwishyouenough',wewerewantingtheotherpersonhavealifefilledwithenoughgoodthingstosustainthem,”hecontinuedandthenturningtowardme,hesharedthefollowingasifwererecitingfrom“Iwishyouenoughsunkeepyourattitudebright.Iwishyouenoughraintoappreciatethesunmore.Iwishyouenoughhappinesstokeepyourspiritalive.IwishyouenoughpainsothatthesmallestjoysinlifeappearmuchIwishyouenoughgainsatisfyyourwanting.Iwishenoughlosstoappreciateallthatyoupossess.Iwishenough'Hellos'togetyouthroughthefinal‘Good-bye'.”24.TheoldmanwantbecauseA,hewasguiltyfornotlovinghisdaughterenoughB,hisdaughterdidn'tcareabouthimasexpectedC,hehadaslimchancetoseehisdaughteragainD,hisdaughter'spartingwordsmadehim25.TheauthormentionedhisDadtoshowA.hisappreciationforhisfather'sdevotionB.hissorrowhisfatherleavingtheworldC.hisunderstandingoftheoldman'sfeelingD.hisconcernfortheoldman'smentalstate26.Whatmessagedoestheoldman'swishconvey?A.Everymomentisablessing.B.Greathopesmakegreatmen.C.Happinessliescontentment.gettimeistogeteverything.27.Accordingtothepassage,whichcanbestdescribetheoldman?A.Helpfulandgentle.andloving.C.Modestandthoughtful.D.Kindandgenerous.CTheviolenceofshakingfromanearthquakeisusuallyfocusedinthedirectionthequakeistraveling.Butaboomerangquakemayspreadtheintenseshakingacrossawiderzone.newpublishedtodayinthejournalNatureGeoscience,isamajorsteptowardclearingupthecomplexphysicsbehindboomerangquakesandunderstandingtheirpotentialdamage.Thelatestboomerangwasrecordednearthemid-oceanridgeinAtlanticin2016.Byexaminingthepositionoftheepicenter()andthereleasedbyeachshakingphase,StephenHicks,earthquakeseismologisttheImperialCollegeLondonandfirstauthorofthenewwhatseemedtobetwostepsofthequake:quakeinitiallyheadedeastward,butthenturnedbackwest.“Thiswasweird,”hesays.This第4页/共页secondlegofthequakemovedremarkablyatso-calledsupershearspeeds.Thequakeunzippedthesurfaceatanestimatedmilesperhour—fastenoughtodartfromNewtoLondon18.5minutes,sofastthatitcausedthegeologicversionofasonicboom.Howoftendoesthishappen?Aboomerangquakeatsupershearspeeds,asHicksandhisteamobservedtheAtlantic,maybeafairlyraretype.Butwiderevidenceofboomerangquakesismounting.Theseback-trackingeventshavebeenstudiedincomputermodelsaswellassimulatedlabexperiments.“Thetheorysaysthatit'sthere,butit'squitetoseethat[intherealworld],”saysHicks.The2016earthquakeKumamotoalsoseemstohaveruptured()inasimilarprocess.Forthatevent,theinitialshaketriggeredtwootherquakes,oneofwhichracedbackwardpartiallyoverlaptheinitialbreak.Understandingwhenandwhytheseboomerangeventshappenisvitaltograpplingwithrisksearthquakespresent.“Studieslikethishelpusunderstandhowpastearthquakesruptured,howfutureearthquakesmayrupture,andhowthatrelatesthepotentialimpactfaults(断层)nearpopulatedareas,”saysHicks.Theseboomerangsmaybeobscuredbyconventionalapproachesusedtoanalyzequakes,whichbasedonanassumptionthataquakerushesinonedirection.“Naturallywe'renotlookingforit,wedon'texpectittoexist,”Hickssays.forearthquakes,itseems,complexitiesmightbethenormratherthantheexception.AsHicksputsit:“Themoreandmorewelookearthquakesinmoredetail,ofcourseweseestrangerthings.”28.AboomerangearthquakefromotherquakesbecauseA.itmovesatasuper-fastspeedB.ittriggersseveralsmallquakesC.itreleasesimmeasurableD.itshakesintwooppositedirections29.Fromthepassage,welearnthatA.thecomingofthenextboomerangcanbepredictedB.boomerangsaretoocomplextobefullyunderstoodC.boomerangeventsarecommonplacetherealworldD.commonmethodsarereliableanalyzingboomerangs30.Whatdoestheunderlinedphrase“grapplingwith”inparagraph4probablymean?A.puttingB.copingwithC.bringingaboutD.fightingagainstDAllovertheworld,formaleducationsuppliestheeconomywithworkerswhowillincreaseproductivitytofueltheeconomicmachine,Butthismachinenowthreatensourverysurvival,Iftheentireworldreachesthelevelsofconsumptionseeninhigh-incomecountrieswe'llneedmultipleplanetEarthstosupplytheresources,absurd(荒谬的)ideaofinfinitegrowthwithinafiniteterritoryisattheheartofoureconomicsystem.keepthismachinerunning,formaleducationgeneratesevermoreefficient“humancapital”,Increasingproductivitymetrics(指标)ratherthantheindividualityofstudentsdrivesourcivilization'sapproachtoschoolingouryoungpeopleWhereastheSustainableDevelopmentGoalscallforturningeducationintoaforcefortheoppositeisoftentrue:Thewayssocietieshavecomethinkabouteducation第5页/共页undermineabilitydealwiththeenvironmentalcrisis.getthroughthiscrisis,weneedtocultivateourimagination,notundermineit.Growingup,noneofmyschoolingfosteredmyabilityimagineaworldfromwhatIsawaroundme.Besides,Irealizethesuppression()ofchildren'simaginationdoesn'ttakeplaceonlyunderresourcedcommunities,butin“elite”institutionsthattout“criticalthinking”.Schoolswanttoseetheirgraduatessucceed,andsuccessistoooftenaboutmaintainingcurrentstructures—notaboutreimaginingtheirfoundations.educationsystemsshapechildreninimageofartificialintelligence.perfect“worker”,AI,continuallyimprovesitsownproductivitybutdoesn'tchallengethestructureswithinwhichoperates.Itisoneofthegreatparadoxesofourtimethatweinvestsomuchintobuildingsupercomputerswhilemarginalizingtheimaginativepotentialofmillionsofhumanbrains.What'smore,weevenputourhopeinsolvingtheenvironmentalcrisisonAI.ButAI,likeourothertechnologies,canonlytreatthesymptomsoftheenvironmentalcrisis,notthecausesThroughoutachieversofgreatchangehavereliedontheirimaginationstoaddressfundamentalflawsinmycountryofbirth,communistskepttheirdreamsofdemocracyalivefordecadesimaginingdifferentfutures.InSouthAfrica,NelsonMandela'sfollowershadtoberadical(激进的)intheirimaginationtocreateavisionofafairerImaginingdemocracywhenlivingunderatotalitarianregime(极权主义政权)isn'tthatdifferentfromimaginingdegrowthwhenlivinginaworldofinfinitegrowth,ThekindofintelligencethatNelsonMandelaandsuchpossessedwasnotartificial.TheabilitytoreimaginethefutureanddisruptthecurrentsituationremainsadistinctlyhumanUnlikeAI,childrenarenaturallyimaginativeandquestionthepremisesofInmyresearch,Ihaveobservedthatyoungerchildrenareoftenthemostradicalinimaginingdifferentfutures.Aslongasourimaginationiscurtailed,ideaslikedegrowthsoundutopian(乌托邦的)toCultivatingimaginationmeanslearningfromhistory'sdisruptersmadetheimpossiblepossible.Insteadofdismissing“childish”ideasabouttheworld'sfuture,meansseeinginspirationchildren'simaginations.Inaneducationsystemthatcelebratesimagination,artsandcreativityareasimportantasmathandscience.Idealismcoexistswithpragmatism.environmentalcrisisisnotacrisisoftechnologyorscience,itisacrisisofimagination.Ifweletchildrenbeourguides,wemightbeabletoimagineourtosurvival.31.TheauthorhopeseducationcanplayitsroleinA.developinghumanresourcesC.increasingproductivityB.promotingsustainabledevelopmentD.maximizingeconomicgrowth32.Fromthepassage,wecanlearnthatA.imaginationisn'twelldevelopedschoolsB.AIhelpsexploitthepotentialofhumanbrainsC.graduates'successchangesthesocialstructuresD.AIcanaddresstherootcauseofeconomiccrisis33.NelsonMandelaismentionedasA.asuccessbuildingafairsocietyB.aleaderhadagreatinfluenceC.apioneerpossessingthequalityofAI第6页/共页D.aninspirationtosolvesocialproblems34.Accordingtothepassage,theauthoragreethatA.children'simaginationensureshuman'ssurvivalB.theenvironmentalcrisisresultsfromtechnologyC.imaginationcanhelpsolveenvironmentalcrisisD.the“childish”ideaswillruintheworld'sfuture第二节(共5小题；每小题2分，共分)根据短文内容，从短文后的七个选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。选项中有两项为多余选项。WhatCameFirst,theChickenortheEgg?Chickensareoneofthemosteconomicallyimportantanimalsintheworld35,Recentadvancementsinarchaeologicalmethodologieshaveunveiledthatnumerousbonediscoveries,oncebelievedtobeevidenceofearlychíckens,actuallybelongtowildbirds,anewpublication,aninternationalteamofarchaeologists,historians,andbiomolecularscientistspresenttheearliestclearevidencefortheraisingofchickensforeggproduction.Usingeggshellfragmentscollectedfrom12archaeologicalsitescoveringroughly1500years,theresearchersshowthatchickenswidelyraisedinCentralAsiafromapproximately400BCEto1000CEandwerelikelyspreadalongtheancientSilkRoad.36.Itwasthistraitofproductiveegglaying,theresearchersargue,thatmadethedomesticchickensoattractiveancientpeoples.TheycollectedtensofthousandsofeggshellfragmentsfromsiteslocatedalongthemainCentralAsiancorridoroftheSilkRoad.TheythenusedamethodofbiomolecularanalysiscalledZooMStoidentifysourceoftheeggs.Theidentificationoftheseshellfragmentsaschickens,andtheirabundanceateachsite,ledtheresearcherstoanimportantconclusion.38.Inthewild,thiskindofbirdnestsonceperyearandtypicallylayssixeggsperclutch(窝).Thisistheearliestevidenceforthelossofseasonalegglayingyetidentifiedinthearchaeologicalrecord.Meanwhile,itisanimportantclueforbetterunderstandingthemutualistic(共生的)relationshipsbetweenhumansandanimalsthatresultedindomesticationnewstudysuggestsananswertotheage-oldriddleofthechickenandegg.39.reachtheseconclusions,theteamdidalotofwork.B.Theabundanceofeggshellsfurthersuggeststhatthebirdswerelayingoutofseason.storyofhowtheyoriginatedandspreadthroughouttheancientworldremainsD.ResearchshowschickenswerebredthroughoutsouthernCentralAsia,andwerespreadalongtheancientRoad.E.ThebirdsmusthavebeenlayingmorefrequentlythantheirwildredjunglefowlthatthelossofseasonalegglayingwasthemaindriveforthespreadofdomesticchickensacrossEurasiaandnortheastAfricaG.AstheevidenceCentralAsiasuggests,theabilitylayanumberofeggs第7页/共页iswhatmadethechickenthechickenweknow第三部分书面表达(共两节，32分)第一节(共4小题；第40、41题各2分，第42题3分，第题5分，共分)阅读下面短文，根据题目要求用英文回答问题。请在答题卡指定区域作答。WhatReallyKnowAboutASMRIfyouspendtimeonormayhavecomeacrossvideosofsomeonewhisperingintoamicrophone,carefullyslicingstacksofslime,orslowlyrippingstripsvideosaredesignedtotriggeranautonomoussensorymeridian(经络)response,orASMR,apleasantfeelingthattravelsfromthetopoftheheaddownthebackofthenecktheupperspine.videosthattriggerASMRisthoughttoleadtopositiveresponsesthroughoutthebodyincludingenhancedmood,relaxation,andevenpainrelief.Butcanyoureallyachievethesebenefitsjustbywatchingashortvideo?Asystematicreviewpublishedseekstoanswerthatquestion.Germanresearcherscombinedthedatafrom54studiestobetterhelpusunderstandASMRanditsButfirst,wheredidthisideacomefrom?Therereferencestofeelingssimilartoinclassicliteraturedatingbacktheearly1900s.ThecontemporarydefinitionsofASMRsprangfromadiscussionforumonahealth-focusedwebsitein2007.AnamedJenniferAllencoinedthetermin2010.Basedthepreviousstudies,theresearchersconcludedthatexamplesoftriggersincludewhispering,tapping,andnaturalsounds,andisimportanttonotethatspecifictriggersofASMRandtheintensityoftheresponsevarywidelybyindividuals.Theyalsoexploreditsbenefits.ClearevidenceshowsthatASMRcanreducestressandalsoshowsthatitcanimproveshort-termspecificcases,participantswatchingASMRvideoshadlowerheartratesandbloodpressure,physicalsignalsofrelaxation.Inaddition,theyfoundthatASMRtriggersbrainactivitypatternsassociatedwithrelaxationandstressrelief.Despitetheencouragingresults,theauthorsnotedthatmanyoftheASMRstudieshadsmallsamplesizesandalackofdiversityamongparticipants;moreresearchneededtrulyunderstandtheimpactsofASMR.truethatwatchingsensoryvideosofpeoplebrushingtheirhair,whispering,andmakingsoftrepetitivenoisescanleadrelaxationandstressrelief.ThebestthingaboutASMRisthatthereareminimalsideeffects.Soifyou'refeelinganxiousorstressed,itmightbeworthwatchingafewminutesofASMRvideostoseeiftheyhelp!40.Whatisautonomoussensorymeridianresponse(ASMR)?41.Accordingtothestudies,whatbenefitscanASMRbringus?42.Pleasedecidewhichpartisfalseinthefollowingstatement,thenunderlineitandexplain>AlthoughtriggersofASMRaredifferent,theymayca