电力专业英语阅读与翻译 课件 13-Overvoltage and Lightning Shielding

电力专业英语(13)OvervoltageandLightningShielding参考教材：朱永强.电力专业英语阅读与翻译.机械工业出版社，2024-06BasicConceptsofElectricPowerSystem1.Concretely,powersystemareoftensubjectedtoovervoltagesthathavetheirorigininatmosphericdischargesinwhichcasetheyarecalledexternalovervoltages,ortheyaregeneratedinternallybyconnectingordisconnectingthesystem,orduetothesystemfaultinitiationorextinction.尝试翻译1.Concretely,powersystemareoftensubjectedtoovervoltagesthathavetheirorigininatmosphericdischargesinwhichcasetheyarecalledexternalovervoltages,ortheyaregeneratedinternallybyconnectingordisconnectingthesystem,orduetothesystemfaultinitiationorextinction.生词adv.

具体地concretelyn.消灭[除]extinction翻译具体地，电力系统常常遭受起源于大气放电的过电压，那种情况下称为外部过电压；或者（过电压）在内部产生，由于连接或断开系统，或是由于系统故障的产生和消除。BasicConceptsofElectricPowerSystem说明that引导的定语从句修饰的主体是overvoltages。而inwhichcase引导的定语从句修饰的主体是整个that从句，其中whichcase指代that从句的具体内容，they指代overvoltages。在ortheyaregeneratedinternally中，they也指代overvoltages，而generated后面除了副词internally之外还有两个由or连接的介宾短语作为状语，分别以by和dueto开头。为了便于理解，该句子可以拆解为：Concretely,powersystemareoftensubjectedtoovervoltages;theovervoltageshavetheirorigininatmosphericdischarges;inthiscasetheyarecalledexternalovervoltages;orovervoltagesaregeneratedinternallybyconnectingordisconnectingthesystem;orovervoltagesaregeneratedinternallyduetothesystemfaultinitiationorextinction.BasicConceptsofElectricPowerSystem2.Hence,withincreasingthesystem’soperatingvoltageapointisreachedwhentheswitchingovervoltagesbecamethedominantfactorindesigningthesystem’sinsulationuptoapproximately300kV.尝试翻译2.Hence,withincreasingthesystem’soperatingvoltageapointisreachedwhentheswitchingovervoltagesbecamethedominantfactorindesigningthesystem’sinsulationuptoapproximately300kV.生词n.

主要因素dominantfactor

翻译因此，随着系统运行电压提高，达到一点，此时操作过电压成为高达300kV左右的系统绝缘设计的主要因素。BasicConceptsofElectricPowerSystem说明出现在介词with后面的动名词短语increasingthesystem’soperatingvoltage在翻译时可以按照主谓结构来理解，即thesystem’soperatingvoltageincreasing。由when引导的定语从句修饰的主体是point，在翻译是可以进行适当的语序调整。BasicConceptsofElectricPowerSystem3.Theamplitudesareveryhigh,usuallyintheorderof1000kVandevenmoreintothetransmissionline;eachstrokeisthenmaximuminsulationstrengthoftheoverheadline.尝试翻译3.Theamplitudesareveryhigh,usuallyintheorderof1000kVandevenmoreintothetransmissionline;eachstrokeisthenmaximuminsulationstrengthoftheoverheadline.生词n.

架空线overheadline

翻译幅度很大，通常进入输电线的在1000kV量级甚至更多；每一击都达到架空线的最大绝缘强度。BasicConceptsofElectricPowerSystem说明词组intheorderof表示“在……量级”。BasicConceptsofElectricPowerSystem4.Therateofvoltageriseofsuchatravelingwaveisatitsorigindirectlyproportionaltothesteepnessofthelightningcurrent,whichmayexceed100kA/μs,asthevoltagelevelsmaysimplebecalculatedbythecurrentmultipliedbytheeffectivesurgeimpedanceoftheline.尝试翻译4.Therateofvoltageriseofsuchatravelingwaveisatitsorigindirectlyproportionaltothesteepnessofthelightningcurrent,whichmayexceed100kA/μs,asthevoltagelevelsmaysimplebecalculatedbythecurrentmultipliedbytheeffectivesurgeimpedanceoftheline.生词n.

陡度steepness

翻译这种行波的电压上升率起初直接与雷电电流的陡度（可能会超过100kA/μs）成正比这是因为电压水平可以简单地通过电流与线路的有效电涌阻抗相乘来计算。BasicConceptsofElectricPowerSystem说明atitsorigin表示“最初”。beproportionalto表示“与…成比例”。which引导的定语从句修饰的主体是steepness，当其前后的内容联系比较紧密时，翻译时可以将这种定语从句的内容放在括号中说明。becalculatedby表示“通过…计算”，而multipliedby表示“与…相乘”。BasicConceptsofElectricPowerSystem5.ThesetypesofovervoltagesarealsoeffectiveintheLVdistributionsystems,wheretheyareeitherproducedbytheusuallysometimescurrent-limitingswitchesorwheretheyhavebeentransmittedfromtheHVdistributionsystems.尝试翻译5.ThesetypesofovervoltagesarealsoeffectiveintheLVdistributionsystems,wheretheyareeitherproducedbytheusuallysometimescurrent-limitingswitchesorwheretheyhavebeentransmittedfromtheHVdistributionsystems.生词v.传输；使通过transmit翻译这些种类的过电压在低压配电系统也有影响，在那里它们要么偶尔是由限流开关引起，要么是从高压配电系统传入。BasicConceptsofElectricPowerSystem说明effective在此表示“有影响的”。either…or…表示“要么…要么…”。两个由where引导的定语从句修饰的主体都是theLVdistributionsystems。BasicConceptsofElectricPowerSystem6.Adefinitionadoptedbymanyauthorsdescribesatemporaryovervoltage(TOV)asanoscillatoryphase-to-groundorphase-to-phaseovervoltageofrelativelongdurationatagivenlocationwhichisundampedorweaklydampedincontrasttoswitchingandlightningovervoltageswhichareusuallyhighlyorveryhighlydampedandofshorttimes.尝试翻译6.Adefinitionadoptedbymanyauthorsdescribesatemporaryovervoltage(TOV)asanoscillatoryphase-to-groundorphase-to-phaseovervoltageofrelativelongdurationatagivenlocationwhichisundampedorweaklydampedincontrasttoswitchingandlightningovervoltageswhichareusuallyhighlyorveryhighlydampedandofshorttimes.生词v.

阻尼；使衰减damp

BasicConceptsofElectricPowerSystem被很多作者采用的一个定义将暂态过电压描述为：在指定位置，具有相对较长的持续时间，振荡的，无阻尼或弱阻尼的，相对地或相间过电压，与通常强阻尼或很强阻尼且为期较短的操作过电压和雷电过电压相反。翻译BasicConceptsofElectricPowerSystem说明句中出现了两处相同词语省略情况。在switchingandlightningovervoltages中省略了switching后面的overvoltages，在highlyorveryhighlydamped中省略了第一个highly后面的damped。词组incontrastto表示“与……相反，与相对”。句子的复杂之处在于，phase-to-phase后面那个overvoltage同时带有5个不同结构的定语，分别是①oscillatory，②phase-to-groundorphase-to-phase，③ofrelativelongduration，④atagivenlocation，⑤whichisundampedorweaklydamped。在译成中文时，一定要保证句子通顺，并尽量符合中文表述习惯。BasicConceptsofElectricPowerSystem7.Examplesaretheneutraldisplacementinbadlydesignedstar-connectedvoltagetransformers,arcinggroundphenomenainsystemswithinsulatedneutralsandtheresonancephenomenaappearingasaresultoftheopen-circuitingofoneortwophasesinathree-phasesystemwhichcanbeinitiatedbyfaultycircuitbreakersorbrokenconductors.尝试翻译7.Examplesaretheneutraldisplacementinbadlydesignedstar-connectedvoltagetransformers,arcinggroundphenomenainsystemswithinsulatedneutralsandtheresonancephenomenaappearingasaresultoftheopen-circuitingofoneortwophasesinathree-phasesystemwhichcanbeinitiatedbyfaultycircuitbreakersorbrokenconductors.生词n.

谐振，共振resonanceBasicConceptsofElectricPowerSystem说明句子的主语很短，而谓语部分be动词带了三个并列的宾语，每一个宾语都有各自的定语。这种情况下，如果仍按原来的句子结构翻译，不易保证三个宾语都与主语有正确的连接关系。因此，可以Examplesare把就译为“例如：”，可以涵盖三个宾语。翻译