05必修三Unit1语法语法ing分词作定语和表语（原卷版）

05必修三Unit1语法：语法精讲精练动词ing形式作定语和表语一、动词­ing形式作定语1.表示名词的某种性能或用途，通常可以改为for短语。如：thereadingroom=theroomforreading阅览室。再比如：readingmaterials阅读材料；ashoppingbag购物袋；anoperatingtable手术台；awashingmachine洗衣机等。Wearenotallowedtospeakaloudinthereadingroom.阅览室里不准我们大声说话。Ifyoureallywanttosmoke,youmaygotothesmokingroom.如果你确实想吸烟，可以去吸烟室。2.现在分词做定语时，它和所修饰的词是逻辑上的主动关系，表示所修饰的名词的动作或状态，可以转换成对应的定语从句。如thesleepingchild=thechildwhoissleeping。当动词­ing形式单独作定语时，放在所修饰的名词之前；如果作定语的动词­ing形式是一个短语，则放在该名词之后。动词ing形式一般式的被动语态（beingdone）作定语表示某动作正在被进行；动词ing形式完成式（havingdone）作定语表示该动作发生在谓语动词所表示的动作之前。Inthefollowingyears,sheworkedevenharder.在接下来的几年中，她学习更努力了。Makelessnoise.There’sasleepingchild.少弄出点噪音，有个孩子在睡觉。Themanager,havingmadeitcleartousthathedidn’tagreewithus,leftthemeetingroom.经理向我们表明他不同意我们的意见后，离开了会议室。3.过去分词、现在分词以及不定式作定语时的区别：语法形式意义时间关系过去分词作定语done表示被动意义表示被动、完成或没有一定的时间性现在分词作定语doing表示主动意义表示主动、进行或主动动作正在进行不定式作定语todo表示主动意义表示主动动作将要发生(1)不定式作定语①不定式与其所修饰的名词可能是主谓关系Hewasthelastonetoleaveschoolyesterday.昨天他是最后一个离开教室的。ThetraintoarrivewasfromLondon.将要到站的火车是从伦敦开来的。②不定式与其所修饰的名词可能是动宾关系Gethimsomethingtoeat.给他拿点儿东西吃。Shehasalotofworktodointhemorning.早上他有很多工作要做。③不及物动词构成的不定式做定语，要加上适当的介词和被修饰的名词形成逻辑上的动宾关系，这里的介词不能省去。Ineedapentowritewith.我需要一支笔写字。Thereisnothingtoworryabout.没有什么值得发愁的。④不定式修饰一些表示方向、原因、时间、机会、权利等抽象名词如：ability能力，本领；drive赶，驾驶；movement运动，活动；ambition抱负，野心；effort努力，尝试need需要，需求；campaign战役，运动；failure失败，不及格；opportunity机会；chance机会；force力，压力，要点；promise许诺，希望；courage勇气；intention意向，意图；reason理由，原因；decision决定；method方法，方式；light光，光线，亮光；determination决心，决定；motive动机，目的；struggle奋斗，努力；tendency倾向，趋势；wish希望，愿望，祝愿。⑤被修饰的名词前有序数词、形容词最高级或next,second,last,only和nota,the等限定词时候，只能用不定式。⑥不定代词something,nothing,little,much,alot等习惯上用不定式做定语。Johnwilldoanythingbutworkonafarm.除了农活，约翰什么都愿意干。⑦如果其动词要求用不定式做宾语，或者其形容词要器接不定式做补语，则相应的名词一般用不定式做定语。如：tendtodotendencytodo;decidetodo=decisiontodo;becurioustodo=curiositytodoHiswishtobuyacarcametrue.他要买辆车的愿望实现了。Theirdecisiontogiveuptheexperimentsurprisedus.他们放弃这个实验的决定使我们大吃一惊。Heisalwaysthefirsttoeandthelasttoleave.他总是第一个到来，最后一个离去。(2)分词作定语分词作定语时有下面几个特点：1)现在分词表示主动意义，过去分词一般表示被动含意。2)现在分词表示正在进行，过去分词表示状态或做完(完成)的事。Herushedintotheburninghouse.他冲进了正在燃烧着的房子。Thechildstandingoverthereismybrother.站在那儿的男孩子是我弟弟。Theroomfacingsouthisourclassroom.朝南的房间是我们的教室。Haveyougotyourwatchrepaired?你拿到那个修好的表了吗?Heisanadvancedteacher.他是个先进教师。3)下列不及物动词也以过去分词形式做定语或表语，但不具有被动意义，这点要注意：departed,elapsed,faded,fallen,gone,frownup,retired,returned,risen,set,vanished,muchtraveled,newlyarrived,recentlye(3)不定式和分词作定语时的时间关系一般来说，不定式所表示的动作发生在谓语动词所表示的动作之后;现在分词所表示的动作与谓语动词所表示的动作同时发生;过去分词表示的动作发生在谓语动词所表示的动作之前。例如：DoyouwanttoseethedoctortobesentforfromBeijing?你要见那位将从北京请来的医生吗?Doyouwanttoseethedoctorworkingonthecasereportintheoffice?你要见那位正在办公室里写病历的医生吗?二、动词­ing形式作表语1.动词­ing形式做表语时，往往具有形容词的性质，表示抽象的一般性的行为，用来说明主语的内容、性质或特征，与主语通常是同一概念，表语和主语常可互换位置。MyjobisteachingyouEnglish.(＝TeachingyouEnglishismyjob.)我的工作是教你们英语。Myfavoritesportisswimming.(＝Swimmingismyfavoritesport.)我最喜欢的运动是游泳。2.动词­ing形式表示主语的某种性质或特征时，通常可以看作形容词。常用来作表语的现在分词有astonishing,amusing,confusing,disappointing,boring,encouraging,inspiring,moving,tiring,interesting,surprising等。Theproblemisquitepuzzling.这个问题很令人困惑。Thefilmwesawlastnightwasverymoving.我们昨晚看的那部电影非常感人。3.动词­ing形式作表语与动词不定式(短语)作表语的区别：动词­ing形式表示一般性的动作；动词不定式(短语)表示一次具体的动作或将要发生的事。Hishobbyispainting.他的爱好是画画。(一般性的动作)Todaywhathewantstodoistopaint.今天他想要做的事是画画。(具体的动作)Hiswishistobeeanartist.他的愿望是成为一名艺术家。(将要发生的事)【温馨提示】①在主系表结构中，系动词除be外还有appear,sound,look,bee,e,get,go,grow,keep,remain,seem等。②动词­ing形式作表语用时，相当于形容词，表示性质或状态；而进行时态中的动词­ing形式是谓语动词的组成部分，表示具体的动作，两者不可混淆。Thepresentsituationisencouraging.(表语)目前的形势是令人鼓舞的。Thepresentsituationisencouragingustostrideforwardinproduction.目前的形势正在鼓舞我们在生产上迈步前进。(谓语动词的组成部分)三、单句语法填空：1.

Just

now

he

received

a

call(request)

personal

information,

but

he

thought

it

must

be

a

trap.

2.

Standing

at

the

top

of

the

tower,

we

caught

sight

of

a

river

(measure)

over

250

meters

broad.

3.

The

girl(sit)by

the

side

oftheshopwindowis

my

littledaughter.

4.

Our

seniorstudents

need

to

adapt

to

therapidly(change)worldaftergraduation.

5.

Onthewaytowork,we

met

a

group

of

pupils(return)from

aschoolnearby.

6.

Last

night,there

were

millions

of

people(watch)the

opening

ceremony

live

on

TV.

7.

All

the

boysandgirls(perform)

on

stage

e

from

our

schoolandoursisterschool.

8.

This

dictionaryonthetable(belong)to

me

is

worth

20

dollars.

9.

There

are

some

sour

berries

that

I

have

found(grow)

near

the

cottage.10.

Our

newlybuilt

school,(cover)

400

acres

of

land,

is

wellequipped

with

fine

facilities.

11.

Farmers(suffer)

from

drought

or

floods

would

get

more

paymentsfromthelocalgovernment.

12.

We

can

wander

among

a

variety

of

shops

(sell)gifts

while

enjoying

a

live

music.

13.

A

medical

team

(consist)

of

five

doctors

and

two

nurses

set

off

for

the

earthquakestricken

area.

show

and

nice

street

entertainment.

14.

PassengerstoTibet,(travel)on

this

bus,

can

buy

their

tickets

online.

15.

Women(look)after

small

children

in

this

city

usually

get

paid

monthly.

16.

The

stranger(stand)

in

front

of

my

house

caught

my

attentionandIwantedtoknowwhyhewasthere.

17.

The

flowers,

(smell)

sweet

in

the

botanical

garden

attract

the

visitors

to

enjoy

the

beauty

ofnature.

18.

The

next

thing

he

saw

inthedistancewas

smoke(rise)from

the

house.

19.

The

offer

has

yet

to

be

accepted

by

the

lawyers(represent)the

victims.

20.

The

children(practise)playing

the

violin

over

there

will

give

a

performance

next

week.

21.

A

man(answer)the

police’s

description

was

seen

entering

the

building.

22.

The

number

of

people(attend)

the

meeting

was

much

smaller

than

we

had

expected.

23.

The

problem(discuss)

atthemeetingnow

has

something

to

do

with

us.

24.

All

those(watch)

the

pop

singing

group

cheered,

applauding

as

they

sang.

25.

Tom

received

a

phone

call

from

his

mother,(say)

that

she

would

visit

him

this

weekend.

26.

The

houses(build)

now

are

for

the

youngteachersrecentlytoourschool.

27.

A

young

man(write)

novels

came

to

makeaspeech

to

us

yesterday.

28.

The

bell(indicate)

the

end

of

the

period

rang,

interrupting

our

heated

discussion.

29.

This

is

the

most(convince)

evidence

that

I

can

findaboutthecaraccident.

30.

Look

over

there

there’s

a

winding

path(lead)

to

the

houseinthedeepmountain.

31.Their(expand)

business

became

a

large

corporation

in

1996,

with

three

generationsofAnsworkingtogether.

32.

The(sleep)

baby

is

my

sister’s

son.

He

is

so

lovely

that

we

all

love

him.

33.

It

was

a

young

man

(put)

forward

this

good

suggestion

yesterday.

34.

Students(graduate)

from

Beijing

University

have

a

bright

future

in

finding

their

dream

jobs.

35.

The

museum(repair)

now

will

be

reopened

to

visitors

next

year.

36.

Mike

founda(challenge)jobasaputerprogrammerinabigpany.37.

The

building(decorate)

at

present

is

our

new

library.

It

will

open

next

month.

38.

Now

there

are

still

many

people(live)

inpoverty

in

this

area.

39.

There

are

many

other

examples(reflect)

the

development

of

Chinese

writing.

40.

People(run)

these

factories

are

very

concerned

about

the

environment.

41.

There

is

a

curtain(hang)

before

his

window

in

the

bedroom.

42.

The

professor(give)

a

speech

about

pollution

is

from

Harvard

University.

43.

A

warm

drink

of

milk

before

bed

has

long

been

the

best

choice

for

those(want)

good

night’ssleep.

44.

The

poor

man(wander)

on

the

road

was

out

of

work,

helpless

and

hopeless.

45.

When

Jack

got

home

from

his

holiday,there

was

a

pile

of

mails(wait)

for

him.

46.

The

firefighters

dashed

into

the(burn)

woods

to

save

people

trapped

in

it.

47.

What

I

like

the

most

are

the

traditional

wet

markets,

restaurants(offer)

various

dishes

and

thenumerouscultural

activities

that

are

available

there.

48.

A$5

million

reward

has

been

announced

for

information(lead)

to

the

arrest

of

those

who

areresponsiblefor

the

murder.

49.

The

bar

chart(show)

the

way

students

in

the

class

go

to

schooltells

us

that80%ofthem

takeabus.

50.

The

plot

of

the

drama

was

so(absorb)

that

the

girl

was

attracted

by

it.

四、高考真题回顾：1.(2022·新高考全国II卷)Whenhesawayoungchildhangingfromasixthfloorapartmentbalcony(阳台),Henryranonehundredmetres,jumpedovera1.2metrefence,andheldouthisarmstocatchthe_______(fall)child.

2.(2021·全国I卷)Thoughitistheonlyunnaturalthingonyourwayupthemountain,stillithighlightsthewholeadventureandoffersaplacewhereyoucansitdowntorestyour________(ache)legs.3.(2019·全国II卷)Whenwegotacall_______(say)shewasshortlisted,wethoughtitwasajoke.4.(全国Ⅰ)Abercrombie&Kent,atravelpanyinHongKong,saysitregularlyarrangesquickgetawayshereforpeople_______(live)inShanghaiandHongKong.五、语篇语法填空：(1)The12thChinaArtsFestivalbroughtaseriesofart1(activity)totheChineseeconomicandartcentre,Shanghai.FromMay20toJune2,morethan50shows2(select)nationwidewereperformedinnineteenmajortheatresinShanghai,andafineselectionofcreativeculturalproducts3(show)attheShanghaiExhibitionCentre.Thefestivalincluded4(vary)artforms,suchasopera,dancing,paintingandphotography.52019editionwasco­organisedbytheMinistryofCultureandTourismandtheShanghaimunicipalgovernment(市政府).Since6(it)beginningin1987,thefestival7(change)hostcitiesineachedition,travellingtoareasincludingBeijing,Sichuan,Jiangsu,ZhejiangandHubeioverthepastthreedecades.Salesofticketsopenedonline,withticketspricedfromnocost8380yuan,accordingtotheorganisers.Toallowalargeraudiencetoaccesstheprograms,thefestivalwasalsobroadcastliveonline.“Wewillusenewmediatobringtheshowstomoreordinarypeople,9willletthemknowaboutthemoderndevelopmentofChinesearts,”saidZhuDi,headoftheministry’sartsdepartment.Thisfestivalwasalsoaimedat10(promote)tourisminShanghaiwitharts.Thelocalgovernmentreleasedatotalof40culture­themedtravelroutestoguidevisitorsthroughShanghai'swell­knownlandmarks.(2)IchattedwithmyfriendinawellknowncoffeeshopinatownofItaly.Asweenjoyedourcoffee,amanenteredand1(sit)besideus.Hecalledthewaiteroverandsaid,“Two2(cup)ofcoffee,oneofthemthereonthewall.”Weheardhisorderwithinterestandnoticedthathewasservedonecupofcoffeebuthepaidfortwo.

Whenheleft,thewaiterputapieceofpaperonthewall,3(say)“ACupofCoffee”.Whilewewerestillthere,twoothermenenteredandorderedthecoffee,twoonthetableandoneonthewall.Theyhadtwobutpaidforthree.Thistimethewaiteralsodid4samething.Itwassomething5(usual)forus.Afterafewdays,wehadachance6(enter)thiscoffeeshopagain.Whilewewereenjoyingourcoffee,aman7appearedhomelessentered.Helookedatthewallandsaid,“Onecupofcoffeefromthewall.”

Thewaiterservedacupofcoffeetothisman8(polite).Themanhadhiscoffeeandleftwithoutpaying.Wewere9(amaze)towatchallofthisasthewaitertookapieceofpaperoffthewall10threwitintothebin.

(3)WeLoveReadingisaprogrammethat1(plant)dieloveofreadingwithinchildren.Itfocusesontrainingadults,mostof2arelocalvolunteers,toholdreadaloudsessionsinpublicspacesintheirneighborhoodswherebooksare3(regular)readaloudandexchangedwithchildren.Researchhasshownthat80%ofchildrenwhoattendWeLoveReadingreadaloudsessionshaveseenthe4(attract)ofreadingbooks,andaremorewilling5(go)backtoschoolbecausetheyassociatereadingwithenjoymentTheyaremoreempathetic(同情)becausetheylearnaboutotherculturesandpeople,andas6resultperformbetteratschoolandbeemore7(confidence).WeLoveReadinghasalsoinfluencedparentchildrelationshipsby8(build)bridgesofunderstandingandmunication9thetwogenerationsthroughreading.WeLoveReadingiseffectiveandabletocontinueforalongtimebecauseit10(manage)andownedbylocalvolunteers.Theyarepartofthemunityandknowwhenandwhereisbesttoreadtochildren.(4)ThefirstBuyNothingDay1(celebrate)inSeptember1992.In1997,itwaschangedtotheFridayfollowingThanksgivinginNovember.Soonafter,itgained2supportofAdbusters,aCanadianmediapanyquestioningthe3(important)thatculturesgivetoadvertisingandshopping.Whenthegrouptriedtoplacemercials(广告)ontelevision,theonlymajorTVnetwork4acceptedthemwasCNN.Despitetheseattemptstosilencethemovement,itspreadtotheUS,Germany,Japan,andseveralothercountriesworldwide.BuyNothingDaychallengespeopletoavoid5(buy)anythingfor24hours.Supportershopethatduringthistime,peoplewillreflectontheneedto“havethings”,whichispushedbylargepanies.Bygettingpeopletofocusonwhattheydohave,theycanbeemoresympathetic(有同情心的)towardsthepoor6peoplewhohavelessthantheydo.Anotheractivity7(call)thezombiewalkistoshowthewaymostpeopleshop.Inthiswalk,participantswalkaroundshoppingmallslikezombies.Ifanyoneasksthemwhat’shappening,they8(educate)themaboutBuyNothingDay.WhirlMartisanotherfunnymethodofdrawingattentiontothepurposeofBuyNothingDay.Peoplewilltakeemptyshoppingcartsandformalineinsideasupermarket.Then,theywillracethroughtheaisles(通道)withoutputtinganythingintheiremptycarts.Other9(supporter)celebratetheeventby10(simple)doingotherfreeactivitiessuchashiking,bi