Unit+2+Lessons+in+Life+Using+language+高二英语外研版（2019）选择性必修第四册

Unit

2

Lessons

in

lifeSection

Ⅲ

Using

language情境创设·语法点拨复习被动语态Ⅰ.观察感悟1.On

discovering

that

Morrie

is

being

weakened

by

a

severe

illness,

Mitch

starts

visiting

him

at

his

house

on

Tuesdays.2.After

finishing

it,

I

feel

I

have

been

given

a

deeper

insight

into

the

world

and

can

see

things

from

a

different

point

of

view.3.Despite

its

widespread

recognition,

my

first

impression

was

that

Tuesdays

with

Morrie

is

just

made

up

of

a

collection

of

over-emotional

thoughts

and

messages,

many

of

which

are

repeated.4.The

book

made

me

stop

and

think

about

how

much

I

am

influenced

by

popular

culture

and

the

importance

of

creating

my

own

values

based

on

love

and

open

communication.5.A

box

of

tissues

will

be

needed

to

get

through

this

book!

观察上面的句子可知，句子中的黑体部分都使用了__________。表示不知道或没有必要指明动作的________是谁时用被动语态；需要强调或突出动作的________或事件本身时也常用被动语态。被动语态执行者承受者Ⅱ.要点精析1.被动语态的构成

被动语态由“be+过去分词”构成。be随着主语的人称、数、时态和语气的不同而变化。被动语态的各种时态形式如下：

（以do

为例）现在过去将来过去将来一般式am/is/aredonewas/were

donewill/shall

be

donewould

be

done进行式am/is/are

being

donewas/werebeing

done完成式have/has

been

donehad

been

donewill/shallhave

been

donewould

have

been

done温馨提示

不能用于被动语态的几种常见情况:（1）不及物动词或不及物动词短语不能用于被动语态。The

final

exam

is

approaching.期末考试马上要来了。（2）表示状态的谓语动词，如last、hold、contain、fit、cost等。The

lecture

will

last

for

three

hours.讲座会持续3个小时。（3）表示归属的动词（短语），如have、own、belong

to等。The

old

house

belongs

to

Mr.

Tony.那座老房子是托尼先生的。2.主动形式表被动意义（1）当clean、lock、open、sell、read、write、wash等作不及物动词时，表示主语的“品质”或“性能”。This

pen

writes

smoothly.这支钢笔写起字来很流畅。The

door

won't

lock.这扇门锁不上。（2）当动词表示“开始、结束、关、停、转、启动”等意义时。The

opening

ceremony

will

start

at

8:00

tomorrow

morning.开幕式会在明天早晨8点开始。（3）在need、deserve等词的后面常跟动名词，用主动形式表示被动意义，其含义相当于动词不定式的被动形式。His

old

car

which

breaks

down

frequently

needs

repairing/to

be

repaired.他那辆经常出故障的旧车需要修理了。（4）“be

worth+动名词”结构，用主动形式表示被动意义。The

book

is

worth

reading

again

and

again.这本书值得一读再读。（5）某些连系动词，如look、sound、smell、feel、taste、prove等，要用主动形式表被动意义。（2022全国甲）Though

not

known

to

use

tools

in

the

wild,

the

birds

have

proved

skilful

at

tool

use

while

kept

in

the

cage.虽然这些鸟不以在野外使用工具而闻名，但事实证明这些鸟在笼子里可以熟练使用工具。（6）在“be+adj.+to

do”中，不定式的逻辑宾语是句子的主语。The

new

washing

machine

is

easy

to

operate.新的洗衣机操作起来很简单。3.主动语态变被动语态

（1）注意动词短语的被动语态：动词短语是不可分割的整体，变为被动语态时不能省略其中的介词或副词。The

meeting

is

to

be

put

off

till

Friday.会议将推迟到星期五。（2）注意双宾语的被动语态：有些动词可以有两个宾语，在用于被动结构时，可以把主动结构中的一个宾语变为主语，另一个宾语保留在被动结构中。My

friend

gave

me

an

interesting

book

on

my

birthday.→I

was

given

an

interesting

book

by

my

friend

on

my

birthday.我的朋友在我生日那天送了我一本有趣的书。（3）注意复合宾语的被动语态：当“动词+宾语+宾语补足语”结构变为被动语态时，可将宾语变为被动结构中的主语，其余部分不动。使役动词以及感官动词等后跟省略to的不定式作宾语补足语时，其被动结构要加to。The

teacher

made

him

retell

the

passage.→He

was

made

to

retell

the

passage

by

the

teacher.老师让他复述课文。（4）主动语态的句子中的宾语是从句时，变为被动语态时要用形式主语it。They

say

that

Mr.

Zhang

is

a

humorous

teacher.→It's

said

that

Mr.

Zhang

is

a

humorous

teacher.据说张老师是一个幽默的老师。Ⅲ.实战演练单句填空1.

The

oil-paper

umbrellas

appeared

during

the

Spring

and

Autumn

Period.

Later,

they

_____________（bring）

overseas

to

Japan

during

the

Tang

Dynasty

（618-907）.were

brought2.

All

the

preparations

for

the

task

____________________（complete）,

and

we're

ready

to

start.have

been

completed3.

The

pictures_________

（use）

to

show

the

terrible

results

of

global

warming

and

call

on

people

to

take

action

to

save

our

earth.are

used4.

How

did

the

newspapers___________（come）

about?come

about5.

Now

even

Antarctica,

the

only

continent

with

no

permanent

human

inhabitants,________________

（affect）

by

us.is

being

affected6.

What

he

said

at

the

meeting_______（prove）

true.proved7.

When

he

arrived

at

the

spot,

Mary

______________（send）

to

hospital.had

been

sent8.

Hundreds

of

jobs____________（lose）in

the

future

with

AI

advancing

so

rapidly.will

be

lost9.

I

wasn't

surprised

that

she

got

_______（elect）after

all

the

efforts

she

had

made.elected10.

They

often

eat

in

that

restaurant

because

the

food

there

______（taste）

delicious.tastes语篇填空

It

is

tough

for

any

basketball

player

to

get

to

the

major

leagues,

but

James

Abbott

had

an

extra

obstacle

that

should

1.____________（overcome）.

He

might

have

been

an

average

person

if

he

2.______________

（born）

with

a

right

hand.be

overcomehad

been

born

When

Abbott

was

young,

other

children

3._______

（tease）

him

constantly.

This

didn't

stop

Abbott.

He

loved

sports,

and

he

practiced

constantly.

In

high

school,

Abbott

4._______

（join）

the

school

basketball

team

and

became

a

pitcher

（投球手）

of

the

team.

Later

he

5.________

（attend）

the

University

of

Michigan

on

a

basketball

scholarship.

In

1987

Abbott

6.___________（name）

America's

top

amateur

athlete,

and

in

1988

he

pitched

his

way

to

a

gold

medal

in

the

Olympics.

But

Abbott

didn't

think

he

was

finished

yet.

Abbott

went

straight

to

the

majors.

He

7.___________（choose）

to

pitch

for

the

California

Angels

and

later

for

the

New

York

Yankees.teasedjoinedattendedwas

namedwas

chosen

How

did

Abbott

accomplish

all

this

with

just

one

hand？This

is

what

fans

often

asked.

James

Abbott

8._________（see）as

a

left-handed

pitcher,

not

as

a

one-handed

pitcher.

He

once

said

that

he

didn't

grow

up

thinking

about

not

having

a

right

hand.

When

9.______（ask）

to

explain

how

he

had

made

it

to

the

top,

Abbott

said,

“If

I

had

not

worked

very

hard,

I

10.__________（be）a

failure

now.

The

only

thing

that

could

stop

me

was

myself.”was

seenaskedwould

be词句精讲·夯实基础1

in

order

to

do以便做……;为了做……情境佳句①you

must

face

challenges

in

order

to

be

successful（教材原句）你必须面对挑战才能成功②He

got

up

early

in

order

to/so

as

to

catch

the

first

bus.为了赶上第一班公共汽车，他很早就起床了。③We

started

early

in

order

that/so

that

we

could

arrive

before

dark.为了在天黑前到达，我们很早就动身了。归纳拓展（1）in

order

to=so

as

to，但so

as

to一般不用在句首，它们的否定形式为in

order

not

to/so

as

not

to。（2）in

order

to

do和so

as

to

do作目的状语时可转换为in

order

that或so

that引导的目的状语从句，从句中常含有情态动词。学以致用［完成句子/一句多译］①

(2022全国甲)为了推动环境保护，曹（晟康）和吴（凡）沿路收集垃圾。Cao

and

Wu

also

collected

garbage

along

the

road,

________________________________________.in

order

to

promote

environmental

protection②

为了避免忘记，我要把他的电话号码写下来。I'll

write

down

his

telephone

number__________________________________.so

as

not

to/in

order

not

to

forget

it③

为了在线上学习，他买了一部智能手机。→He

bought

a

smartphone

______________________________.→He

bought

a

smartphone

______________________________________.so

as

to/in

order

to

study

online

in

order

that/so

that

he

could

study

online2

cooperate

v.合作，协作情境佳句①it

is

easier

to

achieve

something

if

you

cooperate

with

someone

else（教材原句）如果你与别人合作，就更容易实现（目标）②We

can

cooperate

with

international

organizations

or

countries

to

better